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Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS EM INGLÊS CLÁUDIA MARIA FERNANDES CORRÊA ENCONTROS MERIDIONAIS, HISTÓRIAS TRANSNACIONAIS: QUANDO A VOZ FEMININA (RE)NASCE PELA POESIA VERSÃO CORRIGIDA SÃO PAULO 2014 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS EM INGLÊS CLÁUDIA MARIA FERNANDES CORRÊA ENCONTROS MERIDIONAIS, HISTÓRIAS TRANSNACIONAIS: QUANDO A VOZ FEMININA (RE)NASCE PELA POESIA VERSÃO CORRIGIDA SÃO PAULO 2014 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS LINGUÍSTICOS E LITERÁRIOS EM INGLÊS ENCONTROS MERIDIONAIS, HISTÓRIAS TRANSNACIONAIS: QUANDO A VOZ FEMININA (RE)NASCE PELA POESIA Cláudia Maria Fernandes Corrêa Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês do Departamento de Letras Modernas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Letras. Orientador: Professor Doutor Lynn Mário Trindade Menezes de Souza SÃO PAULO 2014 FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Cláudia Maria Fernandes Corrêa Encontros meridionais, histórias transnacionais: quando a voz feminina (re)nasce pela poesia Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês do Departamento de Letras Modernas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Letras. Aprovado em ________ de _____________ de 2014 Banca Examinadora Professor(a) Doutor(a):_______________________________________________ Instituição: _______________ Assinatura:________________________________ Professor(a) Doutor(a):_______________________________________________ Instituição: _______________ Assinatura:________________________________ Professor(a) Doutor(a):_______________________________________________ Instituição: _______________ Assinatura:________________________________ Professor(a) Doutor(a):_______________________________________________ Instituição: _______________ Assinatura:________________________________ Professor(a) Doutor(a):_______________________________________________ Instituição: _______________ Assinatura:________________________________ Para meus avós (In Memoriam) e meus pais Antonio Fernandes e Maria da Conceição Nascimento Fernandes AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu orientador Professor Doutor Lynn Mário Trindade Menezes de Souza. À Professora Doutora Simone Caputo Gomes pelas valiosas contribuições por ocasião do Exame de Qualificação, mas, bem antes disso, agradeço por me apresentar a uma terra a qual cresci construindo em minha mente: Cabo Verde, uma parte de mim que eu não conhecia. E, ao longo deste trabalho, agradeço imensamente por sua disponibilidade para ouvir meus questionamentos a respeito desta terra fantástica e sua literatura. À Professora Doutora Cielo Griselda Festino, por suas valiosas contribuições por ocasião do Exame de Qualificação. Ao Professor Doutor Álvaro Hattnher pelas referências bibliográficas no início deste trabalho. Aos meus pais, Antonio Fernandes e Maria Da Conceição Nascimento Fernandes, por sua crença de que tudo – e todos – podem e devem ir mais longe. Aos meus irmãos Marco Antonio Fernandes e José Luiz Fernandes. A meu marido Antonio José Alves Corrêa Filho, pelo carinho e incentivo. Ao meu filho Paulo Henrique Fernandes Corrêa por entender – mesmo sem entender muito bem – minhas constantes e necessárias ausências. Ao meu sogro, Antonio José Alves Corrêa (In Memorian) e minha sogra, Maria de Lourdes Camargo Alves (In Memoriam). Ao meu tio Sebastião José do Nascimento (In Memoriam). Aos meus queridos avós Antonio Felisberto Fernandes (In Memoriam), Isaura Maria (In Memoriam), Máximo José (In Memoriam) e Rosária Maria (In Memoriam). À Tia Fiinha (In Memoriam). À querida madrinha Júlia (In Memoriam). Às minhas tias Aparecida e Efigênia. À prima Zélia e família. Às minhas cunhadas Priscilla Francisca, Rosemeire, Maysa, Jussara, Conceição e meus cunhados Luciano e Bruno. Aos meus primos Maria Isaura, Eduardinho, Paulo Rogério e minha estimada Tia Inês por suas orações. Elas me ajudaram a chegar muito mais longe. À Tia Benê, pela alegria em acompanhar meu caminho. Ao amigo Professor Doutor Roberto de Sousa Causo pela sua sempre amável companhia, por nossos cafés “filosóficos” para discutir ideias, rir à toa, aliviar as tensões deste árduo caminho que é a elaboração e escrita de uma tese de Doutoramento. Agradeço ainda por sua disponibilidade, leitura atenta e correção deste e tantos outros trabalhos meus. Ao amigo Professor Doutor Khalid Basher Mikha Tailche. Nada que eu escreva será suficiente para agradecer as conversas no meio da noite, as inúmeras correções/ajustes aos artigos que publiquei e/ou apresentei; nossos cafés, as risadas, os conselhos, as discussões para que eu conseguisse aclarar as ideias. Porém, mais que tudo isso, agradeço pela sempre presente amizade. À Professora Doutora Érica Antunes Pereira, pela companhia em inúmeros momentos de dúvida, pela torcida, e, acima de tudo, pela amizade que se consolidou. À Professora Doutora Mailza Rodrigues Toledo e Souza. De sua maneira, você não imagina o quanto me ajudou Mailza. À Professora Doutora Cristiane Navarrete Tolomei, amiga de aventuras e desventuras; companheira em momentos de dúvida e incerteza; alegria sempre partilhada! À Magda Santana pela inestimável ajuda. À Sonia Franqui pelo carinho e ajuda sempre. À Laís Helena Melhado e Marli Baldini, pelo conselho que mudou para sempre – e para melhor – minha carreira. À Cilmara Albuquerque “Nega”. Sei que “muito obrigada” é pouco, mas fica aqui registrada minha eterna gratidão e amizade a você! Ao amigo Marx Santiago, pelos insights que tive com nossas conversas, pela luz que você sempre irradia. Às amigas Sandra Perez, Silvana Perez, Margarete Fonseca, por risadas tão necessárias! Aos colegas da pós-graduação Andréa Cotrim, Jamille Pinheiro Dias, Luiz Henrique Magnani, Francesa Dell’Olio, Raquel, Pedro, Genivaldo, Vilma Galhego, Jussara, Juliana, Jaqueline, Cristina Maran, Marília, Michela, Divanize, pela companhia ao longo dos anos. À Glauce e sua mãe, Naná, por toda a luz. À Raquel Maurício Pereira pelo ontem e pelo hoje. À Monica Gray “for watching my back” e pela amizade que a distância não fez esmaecer! Thanks! À Esmeralda Ribeiro, uma das editoras do periódico “Quilombhoje”, pela sua generosidade em fornecer material para o momento inicial deste trabalho. For Velma Pollard for her generosity with references for me to understand better this huge world called the Caribbean. For Dr. Veronica Austen and her immense generosity for receiving me in St. Jerome University as a Visiting Scholar. A huge thank you for giving me a home when I was away from mine, for giving me a taste of Canada in its diverse and wonderful aspects and for all the guidance with materials, references and the insightful conversations we had. That will never be forgotten! For Lorna E. Rourke and the amazing librarian team at St. Jerome University for their tremendous help while I was there researching Caribbean Literature. You are great! A heartfelt thank you! À Ana Paula, Sandro, Ely e Ivani, pela sua sempre presteza, ajuda e torcida pelo meu sucesso, numa amizade iniciada há muitos anos. Aos funcionários do Departamento de Letras Modernas, Edite Pi e Júnior, por facilitarem a realidade burocrática. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP, pela concessão de uma bolsa de estudos para a realização deste Doutoramento (Processo no. 2010/12978-7). RESUMO CORRÊA, Cláudia Maria Fernandes. Encontros meridionais, histórias transnacionais: quando a voz feminina (re)nasce pela poesia. 2014. 325 f. Tese (Doutorado) FFLCH – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP. Este trabalho analisa as questões relacionadas às mulheres e aos afrodescendentes em Cabo Verde, no Brasil e em Trinidad e Tobago, tomando como base as obras Preces e Súplicas ou Os Cânticos da Desesperança (2005), da escritora cabo-verdiana Vera Duarte, Poemas da Recordação e Outros Movimentos (2008), da autora brasileira Conceição Evaristo e, por fim, She Tries Her Tongue, Her Silence Softly Breaks (1989), da escritora afro-caribenho-canadense Marlene NourbeSe Philip, verificando como suas poéticas são refrações dos contextos sociais, políticos, econômicos, educacionais e culturais de seus países. Para a realização deste estudo, utilizamos a teoria de Jacques Rancière (2013; 2005; 2003; 1996), a qual afirma que a política está na base da estética e na distribuição desigual de parcelas; e a visão do teórico Homi K. Bhabha (2005), a respeito da subjetivação e estereotipia, com o objetivo dominação. Além disso, instaurou- se um questionamento sobre a violência baseada no gênero, o racismo e a violência linguística, temas abordados pelas autoras com o intuito de apresentar ao mundo a situação, notadamente, das mulheres negras em seus contextos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa tece realidades conflitantes, aproximando-se da busca por uma voz feminina que dá espaço àqueles que não são ouvidos e estão inseridos em sociedades excludentes. Palavras-chave: Poética; Mulheres; Violência; Exclusão; Língua. ABSTRACT CORRÊA, Claudia Maria Fernandes. Meridional encounters, transnational
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