INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 158 AUTUMN NEWS 2011 THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA

Sweden Visit G Motoring in Ireland G Cockatoo Island G Buffalo Grain Elevators G Weston Pier G Amberley Lime Kilns G £2m for Buildings at Risk Mining for copper and gold at Falun AIA visit to Sweden, (Kopparberget or Copper Mountain) was 30 May – 4 June 2011 continuous from the 10th to the 20th centuries. It was hard rock underground mining with vertical shafts and horizontal galleries. The main shaft is This was a truly remarkable trip. It included three 450 metres deep. All were cut by hand using fire- UNESCO World Heritage Sites; two hard-rock setting, though later gunpowder and dynamite INDUSTRIAL mines both with histories of several centuries; were employed to weaken the rock. On two ‘Lancashire’ hearths - which were the basis ARCHAEOLOGY Midsummer’s Day 1687 there was a huge cave-in of Sweden’s leading position as a supplier of and the mine became a big pit - rather than a quality steels; and a completely preserved NEWS 158 mountain. Fortunately it was a holiday and no baroque theatre! All this was within 200km, west men were in the mine. It is still an impressive site Autumn 2011 and north, of Stockholm. which in the 17th century produced the greater Honorary President Prof Marilyn Palmer part of the copper used in Europe. It and the 63 Sycamore Drive, Groby, Leicester LE6 0EW Richard Hartree associated township of Falun is a World Heritage Chairman Site, our second. Tony Crosby 261 Stansted Road, Bishop’s Stortford, Herts CM23 2BT We started at the Drottningholm Royal Summer The silver mine at Sala which was operated Vice-Chairman Palace, a short train and bus journey from from medieval times until 1908, produced in all Mark Sissons Stockholm, where there is a perfectly preserved about 400 tons of silver. It was owned by the 33 Burgate, Pickering, North Yorkshire YO18 7AU baroque theatre. Built in 1766, it had summer use crown to monopolise its silver for coinage and it Secretary David de Haan for less than thirty years and, with a change of actually yielded about 50 tons of lead for every AIA Liaison Office, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, king and his tastes, it was used as a furniture ton of silver. This was another hard rock mine, to Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX store until its ‘rediscovery’ in the 1920s. It was a depth of 300 metres, with its own town site. Treasurer Bruce Hedge then carefully restored with the royal box Because of the value of the ore fire-setting was 7 Clement Close, Wantage, Oxon OX12 7ED replaced by special central seats and an electrical preferred to explosives. Apparently some 2 to 3 IA Review Editors lighting system replacing candles. All the original cubic metres of wood was required to loosen Helen Gomersall & Dr Mike Nevell 14 Church Hill, Luddenden, Halifax HX2 6PZ stage machinery, man-powered by windlasses about a fifth of a cubic metre of rock! As a tourist IA News Editor and capstan, was still in working order except you can now spend a night in the mine in the Chris Barney where rats had eaten the ropes. The theatre is still 155m level. The Barn, Back Lane, Birdingbury CV23 8EN used in the summer for productions of baroque These hard-rock mines drew on large Affiliated Societies Officer Vacant operas, all in period style. Originally the crew of surrounding areas for their huge timber needs. Conference Secretary 25 stagehands were seamen used to such Over a million cubic metres of timber were John McGuinness machinery; now they are professionals from the needed annually at Falun alone, much of it as 29 Altwood Road, Maidenhead SL6 4PB main Stockholm theatres doing a ‘summer job’. charcoal for smelting. Hoists and pumps were Endangered Sites Officer Amber Patrick Scene changes of flats and drops can be driven by water power which required elaborate Flat 2, 14 Lypiatt Terrace, Cheltenham GL50 2SX completed in 4 seconds! We had a good look at canal and dam systems working all year round. Librarian and Archivist all the machinery and heard the ‘thunder- box’ The ‘Lancashire Hearth’ was a Swedish John Powell Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX thundering. It was our first World Heritage Site. development of producing wrought iron/steel Publicity Officer Roy Murphy 3 Wellington Road, Ombersley, Worcs WR9 0DZ Recording Awards Officer Dr Victoria Beauchamp   3 Parsonage Court, Parsonage Crescent, Walkley,    Sheffield S6 5BJ
   Sales Officer Roger Ford Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire WV15 6AF Council Members David Alderton (Heritage Alliance) Bill Barksfield (overseas trips) Mike Bone (Heritage Alliance) Dr Robert Carr (BA Awards) Dr Paul Collins (Conservation Award & Partnerships) Steve Dewhirst (Conservation Award) Michael Messenger (Website manager) Stephen Miles (Conference bookings) Paul Saulter (overseas trips)    Mark Watson (TICCIH GB National Rep)  Dr Ian West (Health & Safety)   Honorary Vice-Presidents     ## Prof Angus Buchanan Sir Neil Cossons    Prof John Hume Stuart B. Smith 

   Liaison Officer  David de Haan and Anne Sutherland (assistant), AIA Liaison  Office, The Ironbridge Institute, Ironbridge Gorge Museum,   Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846. E-mail: [email protected] "
    Website: www.industrial-archaeology.org

COVER PICTURE   The Great Pit at Falun, Sweden, 95 metres Deep. At times the mine accounted for two thirds of the world’s output of copper Photo: Bill Barksfield  ! 

2—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 from pig iron, akin to puddling. At Engelsberg Bruk there is a well preserved blast furnace which operated from 1779 to 1919 – producing all of 10 tonnes a day. The blowers and hoists were driven by water wheels. Just up river was a ‘Lancashire Hearth’ forge with two hearths and a trip hammer, again with its own water wheel. Quite a number of the buildings of the ‘bruk’ or village are preserved and the whole complex is a World Heritage Site. We saw another ‘Lancashire Hearth’ forge plant at Trångfors near the Stromsholm Canal. This had four ‘Lancashire Hearths’ and a water- powered trip hammer. Its restoration, since 1988, has been entirely by volunteer activity. We were very impressed by the work that had been done. The Stromsholm canal was built in 1772-95 for the export of iron bars. 100km of waterway were achieved by 12km of artificial waterway between a succession of lakes. Much of the excavation was in solid rock. It was superseded Engelsberg earth and timber blast furnace as reconstructed in 1878. It was last blown in 1919 Photo: Bill Barksfield by the railway; the last cargo vessel was in 1948. The 13 locks at Hallstammer have a fall of 50 metres. Lake Amanningen is part of the Stromsholm Canal system and on it is Oljeon or ‘oil island’ which is home to the oldest oil refinery in the world, not a World Heritage Site! It operated as a distillery from the 1875 to 1902, initially processing 1000 barrels each year of Pennsylvania crude and it continued blending lubricating oil and greases until 1927. We were guided around it in very lucid English by the 93 year old son of the last manager. He had first gone there as a five year old and now lived in the original manager’s house on the island. It was a remarkable visit in many ways. In Eskilstuna, the Sheffield of Sweden, we saw the Rademacher forges. These were built in the mid 1600’s with the idea of attracting skilled men to Sweden to increase manufacturing capacity, especially of firearms. Twenty of the old buildings are now occupied by craft workers including a blacksmith, a goldsmith, a Lancashire forge at Engelsberg. This used an adaptation of the ‘puddling’ process to suit charcoal Photo: Bill Barksfield coppersmith and one knife maker/cutler. He showed figures for the history of cutlers in Eskiltuna – 2 in the late 1700s, up to 180 in the 1800s and now back to 2 again, he being one of them; much like Sheffield! Eskilstuna had a good industrial/technical museum with a fine show of machine tools by Munktells, the local maker. There was a display of stationary steam engines and a British locomotive; much to our delight. The Swedish Railway Museum in Gävle was another part of the tour. The main museum is in a converted roundhouse. Exhibits were well presented and labelled. The Beyer Peacock locos from Manchester in 1856 had been the first in Sweden. A hundred years later Sweden was exporting locos, steam and then electric, ASEA of course. There was the usual display of Pullman cars, with second and third class as well. A preserved linesman’s cottage gave an opportunity to learn a little about the linesman’s duties. He was expected to walk the track before each train. This included clearing snow. His Trip hammer at Trångfors to work the iron into bar. Last used in 1919 Photo: Bill Barksfield plough was for only one rail which he would push

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 —3 for maybe 2km before turning on to the other rail There is a slight difference in road signs roads, organise opposition to speed restrictions to push ‘home’! He had a day off every other between North and South. Also in Northern and set up a national system of warning and Sunday, but had to cover for his neighbour on the Ireland speed limits are in miles per hour while in directional signs of which there were hardly any other Sunday. The cottage had some land and the Irish Republic they are in kilometres per hour. In the first year they put up 4,000 road signs. outbuildings attached so the he could keep some In some areas where Gaelic is spoken, mainly in Initially AA patrolmen used bicycles, and livestock and grow some produce but only for his the extreme west, road signs are in Irish. More carrying tools rode about looking for members in ‘own consumption’. than 72,000 people in the Republic use Irish as a distress. They would also warn of hidden speed Our visits to mines which produced wealth in daily language - a spoken vernacular. traps by saluting cars which displayed an AA silver and gold have been mentioned. Our final Since 1987 Irish road-vehicle registration badge. The authorities claimed that this was visit was to the site at Tumba where the special plates have displayed; firstly two digits for the illegal, so a convention was established that paper for banknotes has been produced since year (09 for 2009), then a county code (D for patrolmen would salute members unless there 1758. Some of the original buildings have been Dublin, C for Cork, DL for Donegal etc), followed was a speed trap ahead. As well as potholes other refurbished to form a delightful museum. The by a number with up to six digits starting with the problems to be confronted were heavy taxation, needs of security required the plant to be in an first vehicle registered in the county that year. permits and car theft. The AA campaigned for the isolated location. The workers lived on site better use of car owners’ tax contributions and forming its own community with school, hall, The Irish AA Centenary has always remained strictly apolitical, being library, musical bands and sports activities. Next In Ireland the Automobile Association plays more scrupulously careful to avoid any kind of political door is the present producer of banknote paper, of an establishment role than it does in the UK. donation. well secured but not so isolated. This is because when the Irish Free State was set During the Great War of 1914-18 and the For some of the party a very special ‘extra’ up there were few existing Irish organisations to Irish War of Independence, private motoring was a visit to the Vasa museum in Stockholm. The carry out the routine functions of government. For almost came to an end. The partition of Ireland ship is in a remarkable state of preservation and instance from 1922 the AA has dealt with between the six north-eastern counties and the collection of items from her is very extensive. customs documents for motorists and twenty six counties of Southern Ireland took All is beautifully presented together with international driving licences. place on 3 May 1921. In 1922 the Irish Free State background displays on 17th century shipbuilding Last year saw the centenary of the Irish was established and almost all ties with the and fitting-out. It is an outstanding museum. Automobile Association and An Post, the state- United Kingdom were severed. New ways of All the sites were well presented for visitors owned provider of postal services in the Republic doing things had to be introduced quickly. At both casual and those with more technical of Ireland, issued a 55c commemorative stamp on important border crossings AA Frontier Officers interest. Information is intelligent and well 14 October. This showed a patrolman on a were on duty to assist members. translated. Our guides were excellent. The tourist motorcycle combination in full uniform giving the About 1925 the first AA patrols using authorities are anxious to promote industrial traditional AA salute. In 1910 Ireland had about distinctive yellow and black motorcycle history. For more information try 55,000 miles of roads and the total of registered combinations appeared and the first AA phone www.ekomuseum.se or motor vehicles was just over 7,800. The Irish AA box was installed in 1925. The first Irish edition of www.visitfalunborlange.se . was established at 12 College Green in Dublin, its the AA members’ handbook came out in 1927 This was the first AIA trip run by Heritage of objectives being to improve the state of the and the first AA road book of Ireland was Industry under Bill Barksfield and Sue Hayton. published in 1931. In 1938 a second They have set themselves a high standard. We can comprehensive road signposting scheme was happily look forward to the future trips. started. Some old dark-yellow & black AA roundel road signs can sometimes still be seen. A town Motoring in Ireland sign has the name of the place displayed on a black horizontal bar across the middle with distances to nearby places above and below it. James Joyce might have called it motoroaring. The slogan ‘safety first’ appears at the bottom. Many AIA members will be motoring through Ireland this summer to attend the annual conference in Cork on 26-28 August. Southern Ireland is a place where post boxes and Cockatoo Island in telephone kiosks are green and signposts can show distances in miles, kilometres or Irish miles. Sydney Harbour What adventures will our motoring delegates have? The Irish Automobile Association was First a prison and then, for 150 years, a naval founded just over 100 years ago. shipyard this island is now open to the public with the extensive remains of an industry which Robert Carr AA Duncormick Road Sign Wikipedia Commons once employed 3500 and over its life had built, docked or slipped over 12000 ships. The Irish Free State and Éire The Irish Free State came into existence on 6 Chris Barney December 1922. It was succeeded by a new state, Ireland (Éire) in 1937 which formally declared it a The south shore of Sydney Harbour, sometimes republic under the Republic of Ireland Act of described as the finest anchorage in the world, 1948. Customs controls were introduced on the was largely marshy when the first white settlers border between North and South shortly after the arrived in 1788 while the north shore was even establishment of the Free State. These controls less inviting as it is steep, rocky and mostly were maintained, with varying degrees of covered in a near impenetrable forest. In the severity, until 31 December 1992 when the harbour are a number of islands, most of them European Single Market came into effect and bare rocks and waterless. Cockatoo Island is one there are no longer any customs posts on either AA Ireland centenary stamp of these, originally about 32 acres and around 50 side of the border. Reproduced by courtesy of An Post © feet high consisting of Sydney sandstone, a

4—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 Nevertheless by 1900 the dockyard was in a poor shape and there were allegations of mismanagement. Under a new superintendant the facilities were improved to the extent that they could build and equip substantial vessels with all the necessary equipment including boilers and engines. In 1907 the Australian Commonwealth government approved plans for the purchase of three torpedo boat destroyers, two to be built in Britain and the third to be supplied as prepared material for assembly in Australia. Fairfields laid the keel of this vessel, the Warrego, at Govan in May 1909 and subsequently dismantled her. The parts were shipped to Sydney, the keel was re-laid on Cockatoo in December 1910 and the ship launched in April 1911. After this experience the dockyard took on the construction of a cruiser and three further torpedo boat destroyers for the Commonwealth Government. An experienced British manager was appointed who reported numerous serious problems of staffing, solved relatively easily, inadequate machine tools which led to a bureaucratic nightmare of dispute between the Cockatoo Island in 1944. About half of the sheds at wharf level have now gone but most of the buildings on the upper various authorities and most importantly an level remain. USS Gilmer (9) is in the Fitzroy Dock and HMAS Australia (3) is the the Sutherland Dock. The building slips inadequate electrical power supply. A new power are in the background plant was urgently needed but through further superb building material. It is about two miles the Sutherland Dock with a length of 638 feet administrative delays this was not completed upstream of Sydney Harbour Bridge. (subsequently increased to 680 feet) and a depth until 1919. Meanwhile, at one time, generators In 1839 the Governor of New South Wales of about 26 feet which would have intended for a ship under construction were decided that it should be used to accommodate accommodated the hull of the Great Eastern called into service with steam supplied by convicts brought back from the recidivist prison without her paddle wheel sponsons. The sliding borrowed locomotive boilers. Despite all the on Norfolk Island and they were put to work caisson was 90 feet long and the pumping problems, during the First World War, with some building their accommodation as well as large machinery was by James Watt and Company. 3000 men working on the island 500 ships were grain silos, dug into the rock, to store corn against A report from 1886 states that “The dock is in docked and 22 built. There had been a huge the periodic poor harvests. As is normal with almost constant occupation, HM war-ships, programme of development to bring the facilities prisons, the accommodation rapidly became foreign men-of-war, and the mail-ships of the in line with modern requirements. seriously overcrowded. PMS Company being regularly accommodated After the end of the war, amidst much From 1845 there were proposals to build a there, together with the numerous fleet of tugs, disagreement on the ownership and the form of graving dock for the navy using convict labour dredges, etc., belonging to the Colonial management, Cockatoo Dockyard moved with the intention of using the same labour to Government. Dredges, tugs, and punts for the towards commercial work for private customers work on the ships once the dock was in use. Work Dredge Service are built at the island, a large staff which led to further disputes with other shipyards began in 1847 but the dock was not complete of mechanics being constantly employed for this alleging unfair competition. With inadequate until 1857 by which time 1.5 million cubic feet of purpose ….” government work available employment fell to rock had been excavated. Subsequently known as the Fitzroy Dock, it was initially 284 feet long and 58 feet wide. It was closed by a galvanised iron caisson prefabricated in Blackwall, London and assembled at Cockatoo. The steam pumping machinery was also built in London by George and Sir John Rennie. It soon became apparent that a larger dock was needed with one report stating that “….any increased dimensions would be simply a matter of more excavation ….. I have thought it should slightly exceed the dimensions of those other docks described, [Chatham, Portsmouth, Malta and Melbourne] so that we may truly boast of having the largest single dock in existence.” By 1880 the dock had been extended twice to nearly 500 feet and “…being now long enough to take in any ship in the world but one [the Great Eastern]..”. It was, however, not deep enough and in this form it still exists. In the same year (1880) plans were approved for a new dock at Cockatoo suitable for the deepest vessels including ironclads and larger Cockatoo Island – Fitzroy Dock. Caisson moored in foreground. Well known feature in background than any other dock then existing. This was to be Photo: Chris Barney

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 —5 500 by 1932 and the government leased the coming on ‘installations’, some in surprising which it has listened to the sector and conducted dockyard to a private company. This enabled them places. There are numerous children’s days and its business in the current economic climate. We to tender for outside work. public events are held on the site of the strongly stress the principle of additionality is Following the outbreak of war, in 1940, a new demolished buildings. adhered to in the period of the new Plan. Even in arrangement was agreed which meant that the As a conservation project with sensible public this economic downturn, HLF cannot and should company became the manager of the dockyard on involvement it is impressive and very well worth not directly replace the loss of central and local behalf of the Commonwealth for the duration. a visit. government support to our heritage but it can Between 1940 and 1945 some 750 ships were and has adjusted its criteria, for example on docked for repair including many with substantial matched funding, to mitigate the impacts. torpedo damage. In addition numerous vessels The Heritage were refitted as troopships or had other alterations. Making a positive and lasting difference to The Queen Mary appears in the list seven times as Alliance and the heritage and people’ does the Aquitania which on one occasion had her The wider scope of this statement and its implicit accommodation increased by 500. Lottery Fund’s commitment to sustainability met with approval. After 1945 the dockyard was busy The less specific wording avoided the previous reconverting many of the former passenger ships Strategic Plan priority given to ‘learning’ and ‘participation’ and later refitting naval vessels with modern outcomes that had possibly deterred potential equipment. The last ship constructed on Cockatoo Officers of the Association took part in a special applicants and, by being more inclusive, might was HMAS Success, completed in 1986, which workshop held on 28 March 2011 to prepare a now give applicants more confidence. However was the largest naval ship built in Australia. At response to the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) additional guidance on what such a high-level the same time a considerable amount of general Strategic Plan. The Association is an important statement actually meant would be necessary engineering work was done including part of the Heritage Alliance representing the and any reference to conservation should be wide refurbishing turbines for power stations. The final particular interests of industrial archaeology in enough to include regeneration as well as work on the island was a rolling programme of national affairs. restoration. This new strap-line also affirms HLF’s submarine maintenance which ended in 1991. wider role in the cultural sector as champion of Much of the equipment and machinery was The Heritage Alliance is the largest coalition of our heritage and in drawing attention to the sold and many of the buildings dismantled. non-government heritage interests in England. It economic and social benefits it delivers. Neglect set in. However, in 1998 the Sydney now brings together 90 major organisations from HLF is a powerful advocate making the case Harbour Federation Trust was established to plan specialist advisers, practitioners and managers, on national and regional platforms forheritage as a more positive future. Along with other defence volunteers and owners, to national funding a significant part of our cultural identity. Not establishments Cockatoo Island was transferred bodies and organisations leading regeneration least, HLF funding releases the passion and to the Trust. After necessary work the Island was and access projects. Together its members own, commitment in civil society to care for it and opened to the public in 2007. manage and care for the vast majority of inspires others to enjoy it. Both these messages Although much has been lost a great deal England’s heritage; their specialist knowledge are endorsed by the Alliance. As well as its public remains. The two dry docks are there although and expertise across a huge range of issues is a voice, we appreciate the way HLF engages in they cannot be operated as their caissons are highly valuable national resource much of which heritage/cultural forums and initiatives to derelict. The main slipways are intact. Most of the is contributed on a voluntary basis for public strengthen joint working for the benefit of all. large workshops have gone but the turbine and benefit; they are supported in turn by thousands heavy machine shops remain and the bones of of local groups and over 5 million members. To read the full report covering sections 2 to 5 some of the machinery are still in place including This consultation is so important to the future go to the website below and under News open that of a lathe with 100 foot bed and some of the of our heritage over the next decade that we have the article – ‘The Heritage Alliance responds to massive plate forming machines. On the upper promoted it at every opportunity, including HLF Strategic Plan’. part of the island, which is that part where the through our ebulletin Heritage Update, and www.theheritagealliance.org.uk rock has not been excavated to reduce it to wharf encouraged all to participate in the events and level, there is still the vast drawing office and the the on-line consultation. mould loft, a clear space 150 by 60 feet. The dock The Alliance is uniquely placed to identify a The Future of pumping station and generating station remain consensus from across its membership and to Stationary Steam but are not open to the public. Most of the other focus on the more strategic aspects. This response buildings can be visited at will. is based on the members’ discussion at a special Museums Many of the 60 cranes are still in place and workshop held on 28 March 2011. About 50 although some are in poor condition a devoted representatives of national organisations A seminar at Kew Bridge Steam Museum gang of volunteers is working to refurbish others. attended, many of them with membership explored the problems and risks in operating They have just completed work on a 1901 steam networks of their own. Over half of the large historic steam engines in modern powered 10 ton machine which they had finished participants had direct experience of applying for conditions. superbly. HLF funding and all were in a position to take an John Porter The iconic Sydney ferries provide an hourly overview of the funding challenges ahead. service to their new wharf on the island and an Our response covers 5 areas: Kew Bridge Steam Museum’s seminar on the excellent leaflet guides visitors around. 1. HLF’s strategic role future of museums operating elderly steam plant Information boards are intelligent though not yet 2. Sustainability – heritage assets and with a team of enthusiastic volunteers but not complete. Some of the old staff houses can be organisations much else, took place on Friday 27 May. About 45 taken as holiday lets and most imaginatively, 3. Commensurate knowledge and skills people attended, from as far away as Darlington, there is an area where small tents have been 4. Administration costs Bradford and Rochdale in the north and Hereford erected which can be rented for those who want 5. Current and proposed grant programmes to the west, as well as a good representation from a night on the island. the more local sites in south-east England. The last day I was there an art college had 1. HLF’s strategic role Delegates from the big boys; the National Museum occupied many of the tents for a week long The Heritage Alliance membership is hugely of Science and Industry, Manchester’s Museum of course. They were also using many of the supportive of the HLF, the scale and scope of its Science and Industry and Birmingham’s Thinktank buildings, though not exclusively and I kept support to heritage and the responsiveness with played a very constructive role.

6—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 This turn out reflects a growing realisation What was clear, after a talk from leaders of West, Clevedon and Southend were then deemed that the days of a band of devoted enthusiasts the Heritage Railway Association and the to be at risk, and it was this that had largely restoring and running old steam sites, primarily National Traction Engine Trust, is that these galvanised people into action. for their own pleasure and satisfaction, are burdens become lighter if they are shared; Finally an official launch was held at the coming to an end. Ageing volunteers, reduced something that the stationary steam movement Connaught Rooms in London on 11 July 1979, novelty, increasing costs for fuel and insurance, has failed to do so far. The seminar showed that attended by the society and the afore-mentioned and the need to ensure that steam operation is there was now an appetite for cooperation. Oliver Sir John. With this covered by BBC Today safe for visitor and volunteer alike, is driving all of Pearcey, Chairman of the Kew Bridge trustees Programme and illustrated articles in The us towards a new approach. suggested a meeting early next year when Guardian, Daily Express and Daily Telegraph, the In his opening paper, John Porter, a Trustee at positive proposals can be tabled. We hope to do NPS got off to a flying start. Kew Bridge, pointed out that Kew Bridge Steam this at the Bradford Industrial Museum. In the Or so we thought. Sadly, it was to be more of Museum had made an operating loss in each of meantime, John Porter at Kew Bridge Steam a false one. For it soon became apparent that we the past few years. Without a much appreciated Museum ([email protected]) will hadn’t got the back up and administrative legacy from a Newcomen Society member, the act as a focal point for ideas, offers, support and support for a countrywide society. Nevertheless Museum might have had to severely curtail its criticism to keep the momentum going. the NPS kept going, helped by a newsletter that activities, if not close altogether. Fortunately 2011 The Trustees of Kew Bridge Steam Museum was sent at erratic intervals to a membership that is looking better. While the safety record of the are very grateful for the encouragement of those stayed at around the 50 mark. U.K.’s steam museums is extremely good, a fairly who attended, from others such as Colin Tyson I suppose it was the appointment of Robert swift look around outside the Museum soon finds and Neil Cossons who could not attend, and to Eastleigh as Editor that put the society on an even reminders that disaster may be just around the their friends at the Musical Museum for the use of footing. In April 1987 the first journal was corner, and can happen even in the best regulated their Concert Hall and its excellent AV facilities. produced, which appeared on at least a quarterly organisations. basis, as it has done ever since. This has helped It is unthinkable that the UK’s wonderful with the recruitment of new members, and has collection of steam museums might close. This is The National Piers been the society’s rock for 24 years also the view of the Institution of Mechanical The highlight of the year for members is the Engineers which is giving ever more support to Society AGM weekend, invariably held at a resort with a locations of outstanding engineering merit. Kew pier, and involving visits to other attractions. A Bridge was delighted to have Mrs Sonia Rolt OBE The first of an occasional series about specialist first for 2010 was a trip to Belgium, including to unveil their new plaque when Phil Cheetham, societies which members may like to know more trips to the piers at Blankenberge and Ostend. of the Institution, reminded us of her late about. Much of what the society does is behind the husband’s words about the engines: ‘Take steam scenes, such as supporting Lottery Bids. Publicity away and their breath of life is gone’. Tim Mickleburgh, Hon Vice President, National is vital and we are regularly in contact with both With this encouragement, and after Piers Society. the national and local media, particular when an witnessing the dramatic sight of the near 30 individual pier becomes newsworthy. Twice an tonne mass of the recently restored Bull engine Lester Kitching, the first National Piers Society MP has put forward an Early Day Motion in the (built 1859, cylinder diameter 70 inches) rushing (NPS) Archivist, set up the Independent Piers House, while 1996’s “Year of the Pier” included a upwards to stop within an inch or two of the Society back in 1973 after learning from Sir John Parliamentary Reception attended by two cabinet terminal blocks, the delegates turned to consider Betjeman that there was no national society ministers. how the goal of eternal life might be achieved. devoted to piers. That was also true when I We still have the valued input of pier owners, Speakers from the large museums, with a published my Guide to British Piers five years who welcome the opportunity to be a member of formal structure, illustrated what they have to do in later. However after contacting John Lloyd of a body that fights for piers. They see the NPS as a the way of risk assessment, operating manuals, Brighton West Pier Society, which received the clearing house for information, as well as a training of staff and routine checks. Chris Hodrien, of book’s profits, I was invited to become involved in pressure group. the International Stationary Steam Engine Society, the setting up of what would be the NPS. If you would like to join us, a Registered clearly showed the legal structure that applies to A number of preparatory meetings were held Charity, Membership Secretary Neville Taylor can steam museums and that it is not prescriptive. It in London, involving pier owners, the Victorian be contacted at Flat 1, 128 Gloucester Terrace, requires operators of such plants to develop systems Society and those active in the world of pier London, W2 6HP ([email protected]). appropriate to them, to be able to demonstrate that preservation. Three important piers, Brighton Subscriptions are £16 ordinary, £12 concessions. they have them and that they apply them. He also reminded delegates that the overall requirements, particularly for pressure systems, are evolving and trusts and societies must keep up to date with changes. Oliver Pearcey described the market research that has been taking place at Kew Bridge and the need to focus on providing a good day out for family groups and people who were not primarily steam buffs. Jan v d Veen, of Nijkerk in the Netherlands, reminded us that his museum was in the middle of nowhere and that their cafe and information centre was greatly used by birdwatchers and passing cyclists. In this way they generate income from a much wider market. Alas, the supply of good, useful volunteers remains a major problem. Catch them young, keep in touch while they enjoy the excitement of youth, the early years of marriage, and be ready to receive them back as these demands lessen, seems to be the only answer available. Members of the National Piers Society at AGM weekend

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 —7 AIA NEWS Deficits forecast for this weeks and something I will be surviving sets of Californian stamps Station ceased to have an active speaking on at the forthcoming in working order, together with role, it is now owned and run by the year and next AGM. shaking tables, a Frue Vanner, a Cable and Wireless Porthcurno and Anyone reading the published Bruce Hedge ACMA Cornish frame and other pieces of Collections Trust (the PK Trust). This accounts for the Association equipment. Conference delegates remote valley was the hub of included with this Newsletter might President’s Awards, will remember the enormous noise international cable communications be forgiven for believing that a produce by the working stamps on from 1870, when the first undersea surplus of £35k for 2010, coupled Cornwall 2010 our visit: imagine what it must have cable was laid from Porthcurno to been like in all Cornish mining Portugal, which linked with other with a cash balance of £196k was It was with great pleasure that I villages! It is part of the Cornish cables to enable Britain to good news. But the story is much went to Cornwall in April to make Mining World Heritage Site and a communicate with India, until 1970 more complex. the awards that followed the Annual valuable resource for local schools and then used a a training centre We have a generous, but Conference in Falmouth last as well as adult visitors. Tony Brooks until 1993. Today, it houses an anonymous, donor who finances the autumn. Since I did a great deal of taught at Camborne School of amazing collection of artefacts Restoration Awards made by the industrial archaeological work in Mines after a varied career in concerned with the communications Association. During 2010 he gave to Cornwall in the 1980s with mining and is now one of the industry, secret World War II tunnels us a further £35k, which with the Leicestershire Industrial History leading lights at the museum and, and, like King Edward Mine, is a gift aid we are able to recover, Society’s flying squad and was also together with John Watton, wrote valuable resource for local schools accounted for £43.8k of the total a mentor on the planning for the the illustrated guidebook to the site as well as visitors to West Cornwall. Income of £126k. Allowing for the Cornish Mining World Heritage Site (Fig 2). Many thanks for our Chairman, £14k awarded out of these funds for English Heritage, I was delighted The other award was presented Tony Crosby, for organising the the net effect on the surplus was to when the conference delegates to Libby Buckley, a Director of the event and to Tony Brooks and King reduce it by £29.8k to £5.7k. Still, voted for two mining sites for the Porthcurno Telegraph Museum. Edward Mine for hosting it. you might think, a satisfactory result awards! Founded in 1997 when the Cable Marilyn Palmer, President for an Association with only 516 The Initiative Award was members. presented to the Rosevale Mine However, closer examination near Zennor, which is a privately will reveal a surplus on last year’s owned mine being restored by a conference of £5.3k. small band of volunteers ( Fig 1). Your Association regards Mike Shipp, who received the surpluses on conference to be award, has worked in mines all over reserves against possible losses on the world but was at South Crofty conferences and not necessarily for when he gave me permission to running the Association. Final work at the Basset Mines in the booking numbers for the Cork 1980s, so it was good to meet him conference are not known as I write again – he obviously cannot stop this, but are likely to be significantly going down mines! The restoration down on previous years, leading to a works have been undertaken using potential loss. Removing this traditional methods and materials, conference reserve from the quoted whilst meeting modern Health & surplus leaves us in a barely Safety requirements, thereby breakeven position for 2010. preserving the mine as an authentic Whenever Council meets I and realistic example of a small always present them with the full nineteenth/twentieth century accounts, but also address the issue Cornish tin mine. The long-term of how the Association is fairing objective is to maintain the mine as with regard to its subscription a heritage site and to continue to Rosevale Mine Group Photo: Marilyn Palmer income plus gift aid, and other open up some of the currently income, such as sales, interest, etc inaccessible workings. and compare this with the running The main award was split, one costs incurred in the period. Because of the plaques going to the King it is that income, and only that Edward Mine in Troon in which the income, which is available for presentations took place. Part of Council to run the Association. All South Condurrow on the Great Flat our other funds, the Neaverson Lode, this mine was taken over by Legacy, the Initiative Award funds Camborne School of Mines as a and the Restoration Award funds training mine and equipped are not available for day-to-running according to modern practice expenditure. between 1897 and 1906. It ceased My forecast for the current to be used for this purpose in the financial year is a deficit of between 1980s and a small group was £3k and £4k. There is little that can formed to preserve the mill complex be done to alter that in the time and turn it into a museum of tin remaining. I’m aware of money dressing, now owned by a joint pressures many members will be company from the Trevithick Society experiencing but if we are to survive and the Carn Brea Mining Society. in the long-term it is an issue that The mill contains one of the few must be addressed in the coming Marilyn Palmer with Tony Brooks at the King Edward Mine Photo: Marilyn Palmer

8—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 AIA NEWS Peter Neaverson Award complete cider mill and press near account responses to the that new forms of partnership are The judges of the 2011 Peter Monmouth. My appeal for consultation held earlier this year, needed in the light of the reduction Neaverson Award for Outstanding volunteers to monitor applications which had been very supportive in Local Planning Authority Scholarship in Industrial has resulted in a number of with some helpful comments. An Conservation Officers. Other Archaeology faced a difficult task, members offering to help and thank Advisory Board of about 20 priorities include heritage crime with a record number of you to those who have put their members is being established to (theft and vandalism); and heritage nominations for the award, some of names forward. However, more help give advice and feedback on the at risk for which they are making which were substantial pieces of is needed. If you have not done so development of the plan, meeting money available for emergency work. In the end, the judges were and think you can help either with a twice a year. It is to be administered funding and feasibility studies. unable to chose between two of the geographic area or a specific subject by Heritage Alliance. candidates and have taken the please get in touch. For example On 23 May 2011 English AIA/CBA day schools unprecedented step of making two there are few people to cover the Heritage’s priorities for the next four conclude in Lancaster awards this year, for two very west and south of the country. Even years were presented at an event different and very commendable if I already have some one in a addressed by the Minister, John The series of eleven day schools run contributions to the discipline. The particular area or subject there is Penrose, Baroness Andrews, Chair of by the AIA in conjunction with the first is Neither Here Nor There? The always room for someone else. EH, and Simon Thurley. Baroness CBA and funded by an English mining and transport of iron ore Guidance on what to do will be Andrews began by stating that the Heritage National Capacity Building from the Brendon Hills to South provided. NHPP was written by EH but in grant came to a successful Wales, by M H Jones and the late J Amber Patrick collaboration with its partners and conclusion in the Maritime Museum, R Hamilton. This two-volume work is amber@amberpatrick>plu.com that partnerships with organisations St George’s Quay, Lancaster, on the result of many years of with local knowledge and expertise Monday 21 February , 2011. painstaking research, supported in National Heritage are important to its delivery. The Delegates were welcomed by both part by the Heritage Lottery Fund Protection Plan Minister outlined the Government’s the President and the Chairman of and published by the Exmoor three priorities for heritage: an up- AIA, and Keith Falconer, Head of National Park Authority, based At the Council meeting on 11 June to-date designation system; Industrial Archaeology with English around the remains of the West 2011 AIA Chairman Tony Crosby heritage at risk and especially Heritage, paid tribute to the Somerset Mineral Railway. The reported progress on the Plan as buildings that have been on the partnership between AIA, CBA and second winner is The Arts of follows: register for a number of years; and English Heritage that had enabled Industry in the Age of philanthropy. He again highlighted these day schools to take place. He Enlightenment, by Celina Fox, At a meeting on 23 March 2011 the partnerships and the Civil Society. said that he was the envy of many of published by the Yale University latest version of the Plan was Simon Thurley said that designation his colleagues in English Heritage in Press. A wide-ranging and lavishly introduced to a meeting of the is also a priority for EH – both that he was able to work with a illustrated study of the myriad stakeholders who had been invited ‘Strategic Designation’ (groups of voluntary group on the scale that has interfaces between the polite to previous meetings and I attended buildings taken together, e.g. water been possible with AIA: he also pursuit of intellectualism and the on behalf of the Heritage Lottery supply) and defined area surveys referred to the successful strategy for dark and mysterious world of Fund. This interim version took into (e.g. ports and harbours). He said stewardship of the industrial heritage industry during the 18th and 19th that was set up between AIA, HLF centuries, it suggests many new and English Heritage in 2008. areas of research for the student of The day’s programme industrial archaeology. commenced with a presentation by Each winner will receive a Lynne Walker, the CBA’s Historic cheque for £500 and a framed Buildings Officer, on the changes to certificate. Arrangements for planning legislation that had taken presenting the awards are still being place since the day schools began in finalised and both books will be 2008. Lynne has taken part in all reviewed in a future issue of eleven day schools and AIA is very Industrial Archaeology Review. grateful to her for her willing Any member of AIA may participation. Richard Newman, nominate a published work for this Historic and Natural Environment award; details can be found on the Officer for Cumbria County Council, AIA web site or in a leaflet available spoke about the port facilities and from the Liaison Officer. associated maritime infrastructure Ian West in North Lancashire and Cumbria. Mike Nevell then contributed a Endangered Sites - An paper on the Cooperative buildings on the north-west, where the Update Cooperative Movement began with The CBA continues to send the the Rochdale Pioneers in 1844, Association notification of listed pointing out the importance of the building applications affecting surviving buildings not just of retail industrial sites. The Association has shops but also their important commented on a variety of sites wholesaling warehouses. The including Bracebridge Pumping morning was concluded by David Station in Worksop, and Clipstone George on the important remains of Colliery both in Nottinghamshire charcoal blast furnaces in Cumbria. and at the other end of the scale a The afternoon was taken up with a Bracebridge Pumping Station, Worksop 1980 tour led by Ian Gibson, former Head

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 —9 AIA NEWS

Maritime Museum, Lancaster. Formerly the Port of Lancaster Custom House built in 1764 Lancaster – Industrial remains Photo: Roy Murphy Photo: Roy Murphy Ipswich, London, Ironbridge, AIA stand and publications, greatly Newcastle, Exeter, Chilworth, Long adding to the AIA’s national profile. Eaton and Lancaster between AIA’s contribution in kind to the September 2008 and February 2011, English Heritage grant was its one for each of the nine English voluntary labour, and many AIA Heritage regions and two pilot day members have both acted as the schools to test the format of the local organisers of day schools as training days. They have been well as contributed illustrated talks attended by nearly 200 delegates, and the fact sheets on particular mainly volunteers from CBA and AIA topics which have been a feature of who assist in the scrutiny of local each of them. The latter are being planning applications on behalf of collected together and expanded as the CBA, but also including quite a the CBA Handbook of Industrial few representatives from local Archaeology, currently being written planning authorities, archaeological and edited by Mike Nevell, Marilyn contract units and English Heritage Palmer and Mark Sissons for regional offices. The administration publication later this year. of the day schools has been carried Partnerships such as this out by Brian Grimsditch from the between AIA, CBA and English Lancaster – River frontage Photo: Roy Murphy Centre for Applied Archaeology in Heritage have always been central the University of Salford, and its to AIA Council’s long-term strategy. of Collections with Lancashire not-so-successful adaptive re-use, Director, Mike Nevell, has A series of eleven day schools is a County Council, of the restored since most planning applications introduced most of the days as well very considerable achievement for a Lancaster water frontage, where considered by the CBA and its as led all the debriefing sessions. voluntary organisation like AIA and, warehouses and other maritime volunteers are concerned with Our thanks go to both of them for as Chairman of the Steering Group, I buildings have been successfully re- schemes for the re-use of industrial their hard work. The AIA’s Publicity would like to thank all AIA members used for housing and other buildings. Officers, first Roger Ford and then who have given up their time to purposes. The series of day schools Day schools have been held in Roy Murphy, have also managed to make these events such a success. has concentrated on successful and Ashton-under-Lyne, Bristol, York, attend most of the days with the Marilyn Palmer

Ploughing Matches older models tended to be just left These generally take place in the in barns or sheds in case they might autumn and are held all over the come in useful again sometime. country. Here you can see not only Now, years later, the restoration and examples of farm machinery from operation of vintage tractors has the last eighty years, but machines become a popular hobby; a restored doing the job they were designed Fordson tractor in good working for. It’s quite educational to follow order can now be bought for about the development of ploughing from £1,500. Ploughing by horses was horse traction to present-day large phased out in the mid nineteen tractors: the increase in efficiency is fifties. The photograph was taken at striking. Unlike the horses that they Cottingham Farm Hertfordshire in replaced tractors do not reproduce October 2010. themselves. When the early tractors Robert Carr were superseded by newer ones, Ploughing at Cottingham Farm Hertfordshire in October 2010 Photo: R J M Carr

10 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 LETTERS VAT on conversions The Heritage Alliance has written to The comment in ‘More Industrial the Secretary of State and the Buildings in Danger’ (IA News 157) Minister for Heritage re-iterating the that VAT on ‘new residential destructive impact of VAT at 20 per property is zero rated for VAT cent on repairs and maintenance whereas conversions carry VAT at but at zero on new build, to offer 20%’ is not entirely correct. By alternative suggestions for a way reference to VAT Buildings and forward. Solving the VAT issue Construction, Notice 708 June 2007, remains a top priority for the sections 5 to 7, published by HM heritage movement. Revenue and Customs, it can be seen that in certain circumstances Tyre ovens conversions are zero rated or at a Members of the Society for reduced rating, when being sold for Lincolnshire History and and being converted for residential Archaeology have recently recorded use. Section 9 details zero rating of a wheelwright’s oven on the approved alterations to protected premises of a wheelwright/wagon buildings, which extends the zero maker’s works in Horncastle, Lincs. rating to include conversions The brick oven is of sufficient size to ‘intended for use for a relevant accommodate several large iron charitable purpose’. I recommend wagon tyres side by side and it has the above notice be consulted for a chimney approximately 5.6 m more details of VAT rating in high. The date of building is connection with building works. unknown, but pre-1888. John McGuiness The advantage of the tyre oven over the traditional method of Note from ‘Heritage heating a tyre placed horizontally on an open fire was that several tyres Update 210’ could be heated at once and only In response to the Parliamentary one attendant was needed to tend Select Committee’s recommend- the fire and turn the tyres ation that it should commission periodically to ensure that they research into reducing the rate of heated evenly. Nevertheless, the use VAT on historic building repairs, the of tyre ovens does not seem to have Department for Culture Media and been very common. This may be due Wheelwrights oven at Horncastle, Lincolnshire Sport said this was “beyond the UK to the difficulty of ensuring even located; it stands in the village of [email protected], 01636 Government powers” due to heating but it may also reflect the East Walton, Norfolk. The purpose of 707642 or via the SLHA, Jews’ “longstanding agreements with scale of business needed to justify this letter is to ask readers whether Court, Steep Hill, Lincoln LN2 1LS. European partners”, and that as the capital cost. they are aware of any others, either Thank you in anticipation. such “we do not consider that It is clear from literature that surviving or recorded. Please Chris Lester research as to the impacts would tyre ovens were “known” but only contact me at: represent a good use of resources.” one other example has been

If you have a moment Andy Jones snapped up the carriage “I had watched the earlier after a previous eBay bidder failed bidding out of interest and I just to waste to stump up a pledged £25,100. He wanted to get the ball rolling. We ADVERTISE IN You would be amazed at how many reckons he not only grabbed the have offered it to various museums IA NEWS tube trains are running at any bargain of the century but a slice of since we bought it, but nobody has moment. To see them in action try engineering history as well. been able to accommodate it. As a IA News reaches a wide http/traintimes.org.uk/map/tube/. The airport opened the consequence I’ve got a five tonne readership through direct This extraordinary ‘animated’ map Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) line to train in the field opposite my house subscriptions, circulation has been devised by Matthew Birmingham International rail and I’ve now got to find a suitable to affiliated organisations Somerville but beware, stare at this station in 1984. Suspended above use for it.” and use in libraries. for too long and you may get told the track using electromagnetic The ex-engineer in the Royal Air you should ‘get out more’. force, the train was way ahead of Force and Rolls Royce said he used Advertising rates range the green revolution, but it came to be a frequent flyer from from as little as £30 to A Maglev for £100 unstuck by 1995 when it was Birmingham Airport and £170 for a full page. The train that took the strain for deemed unreliable. remembered riding on the Maglev. Inserts may be mailed holidaymakers lugging cases from Now former engineer Andy is Coventry Evening Telegraph Birmingham Airport is in retirement keen to find another role for the with IA News at a charge in a Kenilworth field. iconic train. “I thought I would get of £40. Heralded as a revolution in light things going by putting in an See ‘Maglev’ on Wikipedia for a For further details, transport when it was launched, the opening bid of £100, but nobody good explanation of the theory and Maglev has been stopped in its else bid for it. I had no idea that I a description of the Birmingham contact the Editor. tracks for a bargain basement £100. would end up getting it. line.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 —11 NEWS Congratulations to Dr office of Society Treasurer after an listed Grand Pier, which reopened ‘Making it’ - Textile unprecedented 26 years was last October with a brand new £50 Simon Thurley, on his Stephen Thomas of Camborne. million pavilion replacing the technology in Medieval CBE for Services to Stephen has guided the Society’s building that burned down two Europe finances through a period of years previously. In addition the Conservation. This study day explored the textiles unprecedented change. Stephen’s Grand becomes the first ever pier to of the Middle Ages in North Western Dr. Thurley has been the Chief father, Milton Thomas, was ‘Greaser- win the National Piers Society’s Europe by examining the way in Executive of English Heritage since in-Chief’ and leader of the gang, award twice, having been chosen by which they were made, and 2002. His time there has been who restored to steam the 1840 members for this honour back in demonstrating the practical skills devoted to finding ways of making beam engine at Levant Mine in the 2001. needed and technology in use heritage protection fairer and more 1970s. In recognition of this project The Grand Pier opened in June between the fifth and the fifteenth effective; and making sure that and his service to the Society, Milton 1904 – nearly 40 years after centuries. England’s heritage plays a positive Thomas also received the Trevithick neighbouring Birnbeck - to a length role in improving the quality of Medal in 1991. Previous recipients of 1080 ft. (instead of the 6,600 ft Arranged by the Medieval Dress and people’s lives. As protecting heritage include such Cornish mining first envisaged). Construction cost Textile Society, the study day on 5 is a technical process, in fact part of luminaries as the late Dr. A. K. £120,000, a considerable sum in March, took place in the Museum of England’s planning system, he has Hamilton Jenkin, the late Mr J. H. those days, and included a 2,000 London. spent a huge amount of time over Trounson and Mr. L. J. Bullen who is seat pier head pavilion, staging The tools and practical skills the last five years working on happily still with us. performances of opera, ballet and needed for the production of yarn improving heritage protection law, Stephen’s talents will not be Shakespeare plays, as well as music and cloth were emphasised by the government planning guidance and lost to heritage matters. He will now hall and boxing. An extension research papers and made evident working on training projects with be devoting more of his time to his doubling the pier’s length was by the practitioners, illustrating how central and local government. His other interest, the Helston Railway added in 1906 to receive boats but the high level of craftsmanship name often appears in these Preservation Company, where he is this was unsuccessful owing to needed in the making of medieval columns which indicates the Director of Locomotives and Rolling dangerous tidal conditions, and was textiles would have affected their particular concern he has for Stock. demolished ten years later. In 1930 cost, usage and survival. industrial heritage. the pavilion was destroyed by fire One of the main themes of the and its replacement, which opened study day was the series of huge Pier of the year – in 1932, was given over to Gold Medal for Service technological changes in textile Weston-super-Mare on a amusements rather than to Trevithick Society technology during the period. In her performances. For over sixty years roll opening overview Professor Gale The Trevithick Society presents its from 1946 the pier was owned by Owen-Crocker outlined these Gold Medal to those who have Hard on the heels of the the Brenner family, who carried out changes explaining that the made a very particular contribution Outstanding Achievement Award many improvements. They sold it to development of specialised guilds in the Society’s areas of interest. presented last November, the Grand Kerry and Michelle Michael in maintained high standards of Such presentations are rarely made Pier at Weston-super-Mare has been February 2008 but just five months craftsmanship in different areas of and are therefore very special chosen as the National Piers later a devastating fire took place, production. Between them Ruth occasions. But the most recent of Society’s Pier Of The Year 2011. It necessitating complete closure for Gilbert and Alan Raistrick outlined these, at the Society’s May AGM comfortably beat off Eastbourne, just over two years. The replacement the technological changes in yarn weekend, was particularly Southend and Swanage, all of whom pavilion is altogether on a grander spinning during the period. Alan, a noteworthy when the Society’s tied for second place. A further 19 scale and incorporates many retired engineer, explained the President, Bryan Earl, presented a piers received at least one vote in breathtaking rides as well as technical advances of spinning Trevithick Gold Medal to the second the Society’s annual poll of its 650 facilities for conferences and wheel components, which resulted member of the same family. members. presentations. Party On The Pier, a in the enormous increase in yarn Receiving his medal to mark his The award crowns a nationwide celebration around production in the period. The ‘Great impending retirement from the momentous year for the Grade II Britain’s coastline, was launched Wheel’ demonstrated by Ann there on 12 March with Tourism Markwick was an important step in Minister and local MP John Penrose this development. and National Piers Society patron, Medieval weaving technology actor Timothy West. was outlined by three papers and Commenting on the news NPS demonstrated by Jo Wexler a tablet President Gavin Henderson said: weaver and Glenys Crocker who has “The phoenix riding proud above graduated from weaving tabby to the Weston waves is an inspiration four-shed twill on her impressive for many other piers; Grand indeed, warp weighted loom. The historic and richly deserving of this award.” significance of this remarkable Kerry Michael, owner of the achievement was outlined by a Grand pier, said: “We are delighted paper from Anna Norgaard. Dr. Nat to receive this prestigious award on Alcock described a project in behalf of everyone who worked so Coventry to re create a weaver’s hard helping us to rebuild this house, loom and weaving tools from magnificent structure, which we evidence in local wills and records hope will be enjoyed by future from 1540, by which time the loom generations for many years to was horizontal and worked by come.” pulleys and treadles, gathered by the Spon End Conservation Trust. Brian Earl presents Stephen Thomas with the Trevithick Gold Medal

12 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 NEWS £2 Million Boost for (BPTs), Civic Societies, Development and Groundwork Trusts who take on DOROTHEA Buildings at Risk historic building rescues. Voluntary groups who rescue Dr Thurley continued: “As well historic buildings at risk are to get a as providing a financial kick-start, RESTORATIONS major boost in the form of a new £2 the Challenge Fund will also help to million Challenge Fund put together spread skills and experience to more with a donation of £1 million from people at local level. We’re asking LTD grant recipients to bring in an the Andrew Lloyd Webber Incorporating Ernest Hole (Engineers) of Sussex Foundation, matched by £1 million experienced project manager to from English Heritage, administered work alongside existing trustees by the Architectural Heritage Fund and also to involve and tutor a less CONTRACTORS AND CONSULTANTS IN THE (AHF). experienced group of volunteers CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC METALWORK, who can then go on to undertake MACHINERY AND WIND/WATER MILLS Dr Simon Thurley, Chief Executive of another rescue. The result should be English Heritage, said: “This is a more historic buildings at risk Recent contracts include designs for an atmospheric pioneering new venture for the finding a new use and once more railway, and a replica steam locomotive, restoration of heritage world between a public lending character and dignity to 18C lead sculptures, repair and gilding of the Albert body with national expertise, a their neighbourhoods –indeed to Memorial bronze decoration, conservation work on charity with a grass roots network the country as a whole.” Turbinia, Lion, Sans Pareil and Locomotion, and even and the charitable foundation of a Ian Lush, Chief Executive of the the restoration of an hydraulic catafalque! major philanthropist. It will AHF, said: “Currently, of the 250 specifically support rescues of Grade Building Preservation Trusts in I and II* listed buildings at risk, existence, only about 100 are fully Over 100 man years experience some of the country’s most active. The rest are unable to find important historic treasures which sufficient funds to take on a rescue Northern Works: New Road, Whaley Bridge, via Stockport, are on our danger list – the Heritage or lack the expertise and confidence Cheshire SK23 7JG. Contact: Dave Hodgson at Risk register.” to tackle complex and demanding Tel: (01663) 733544 Fax: (01663) 734521 The £2 million Challenge Fund Grade I and II* buildings. will be managed by the AHF, an “Through the Challenge Fund Southern Works: Unit 1B, Barton Hill Trading Estate, independent charity, which will we will be able to marry the terrific Barton Hill, Bristol BS5 9RD. Contact: Geoff Wallis disburse it in grants of up to knowledge and skills of Tel: (0117) 9715337 Fax: (0117) 9771677 £200,000 each over the next five organisations such as the Prince’s years to voluntary sector groups Regeneration Trust or the Heritage such as Building Preservation Trusts Trust of Lincolnshire with smaller Building Preservation Trusts who backdrop to all our lives and the have passion and commitment but people who put countless voluntary less confidence and who lack hours and untold effort into saving specialist skills in areas such as it from neglect and decay deserve conservation, planning, fund-raising the strongest possible support.” and project management. Grants Historic buildings saved by will in some cases help to unlock Building Preservation Trusts over the funds which have been endowed for last few years include: building restoration in specific areas Pakenham Water Mill, Bury St of the country but which on their Edmunds, saved by the Suffolk own just aren’t enough. For most Building Preservation Trust projects, these grants will be used as Richmond Railway Station match funding for applications to Building in North Yorkshire, saved the Heritage Lottery Fund, Big by the Richmondshire Building Lottery or other foundations or to Preservation Trust provide development funding at a Perrott’s Folly, Edgbaston, vital early stage. We will also Birmingham, saved by the welcome applications from other Birmingham Conservation Trust voluntary sector groups, perhaps Building Preservation Trusts those looking to tackle a project like who are currently unable to this for the first time.” complete a rescue and might benefit Andrew Lloyd Webber said: “I from a Challenge Fund grant am delighted that my Foundation include: will be contributing to a solution for West Midlands Historic at least some of England’s 1,600 Buildings Trust who want to save Grade I and II* buildings at risk and Foster, Rastrick & Co Foundry, am proud of the fact that the Stourbridge Challenge Fund will create a wealth Coker Rope & Sail Trust who of new talent in the process. want to save Dawe’s Twine Works in Philanthropy is well-established in West Coker, Somerset Perrott’s Folly, Rotton Park, Edgebaston Birmingham other cultural fields but England’s Photo: Birmingham Conservation Trust very special heritage forms the

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 —13 NEWS Heritage Open Days the De Witt kilns including stabilising The Historic Bridge and completion of an extensive and the kiln block, reinstating the varied programme which has In May the Heritage Alliance shedding to the west side of the kiln Infrastructure Awards demonstrated an exceptional announced that it will be in block and re-laying the railways in the The Historic Bridge and commitment to maintaining and partnership with Civic Voice and the area. The grant also allowed for fresh Infrastructure Awards (HBIA) were enhancing engineering heritage. National Trust to take on interpretation of the De Witt kilns set up in 1998 by the County responsibility for co-ordination of within the context of the site and the Surveyors Society, English Heritage Broadgate Listing Heritage Open Days. local community. This consisted of a and the Institution of Civil Engineers Heritage Open Days is England’s new exhibition ‘Life and Lime at to ‘recognise and encourage In June English Heritage largest grassroots heritage event, Amberley’. Additional funding of excellence and innovation in recommended that the early phases delivered by an army of volunteers £18,000 from the Museum Friends, conservation’. of Broadgate Square in the City of across the country (except London, Horsham District Council and West The Awards are currently London should be listed grade II*. At which has Open House London) Sussex County Council was also sponsored by British Waterways, the least one good Ove Arup building annually on the second weekend in secured as was an in-kind volunteer Association of Directors for has already gone. Consternation has September. Following the demise of labour contribution of £15,900. Engineering, Planning and been expressed in the City that this the Civic Trust in 2009, which used In many ways, the project has Transportation (ADEPT), English gives an unfortunate message to co-ordinate the event, its future restored the heart of the Amberley Heritage, and Network Rail, with implying that the area is no longer had been uncertain. English site, drawing all elements of the support from New Civil Engineer. ‘open for business’. It seems only Heritage, which came to the rescue limeburning and quarrying Three awards were announced in recently that Broad Street railway in 2009 and currently co-ordinates it operations into one unified thread. April. station, previously on the site of at a national level, will continue to The project was officially The 24 arches of the Broadgate, was demolished. The provide funding until March 2015 opened by HRH Prince Michael of medieval Long Bridge at station closed in 1986. and will be responsible for Heritage Kent on 4 May 2011. Bideford were widened in 1925 Robert Carr Open Days in September 2011. with cantilevered footways which were now suffering from chloride Buffalo’s historic grain De Witt lime kilns damage. A cathodic protection elevator demolished restoration at Amberley system was installed to resist further attack. The opening of the Erie Canal from These kilns are thought to be the At Scarborough the 27m high Buffalo on Lake Erie to Albany on only known surviving example of cast iron Spa Footbridge, built in the Hudson River gave a giant lime kilns, built 1904-5, to a Belgium 1826 and widened with timber impetus to the grain traffic from the design. Originally 18 De Witt kilns cantilevers in 1880 was fully Midwest to the east coast and were built in a single block. repaired using traditional Buffalo developed into the world’s However, the design failed and by techniques and the deck timbers largest grain port from the 1850s 1910 all but two were blocked up or replaced. until the first half of the 20th changed to traditional English kilns. The third award went to the century. It once had the largest The kilns were in use until the 1960s Stanley Dock Bascule Bridge in capacity for the storage of grain in but fell into disrepair when the site Liverpool built in 1932 which the USA and over thirty concrete was abandoned in the late 1960s. needed extensive refurbishing, grain elevators were located along By the time the Museum took replacing steel components and the inner and outer harbours. over the site and opened to the repairing the engine room. public in 1979, the kilns had been The judges also commended Immediately after a judge’s order designated a Scheduled Ancient work on the Wilford Suspension was delivered demolition started on Monument and some emergency Bridge in Nottingham and the Wheeler Elevator and GLF Feed repair work was carried out. reconstruction of part of the Vale Mill, despite apparent outstanding In 2007 the Museum was Amberley – De Witt lime kiln. The damaged Royal Locks at Northwich. British fees for permits to demolish them. awarded £391,000 from the Heritage SE corner before repair Waterways received a Special Built in stages from 1909 to Lottery Fund to restore and interpret Amberley Museum and Heritage Centre Mention for the successful 1961, at its peak the grain elevator

Amberley Lime Kilns in operation about 1905 Amberley Museum and Heritage Centre Scarborough Spa Footbridge 1826, widened 1880 Photo: Keir Grevil 2005

14 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 NEWS complex once employed more than dozen of them lining this narrow 330 mill workers and dozens of waterway, it’s a really compelling wheat scoopers, and was the site of cultural landscape.” The non- the Scoopers Strike of 1953, a key profit campaign was in the process example of national tension of securing landmark status for between farmers and urban labour. three grain elevators and various The Cooperative Grange League outbuildings when the Federation bought the property in commissioner’s demolition 1929. (The federation vacated the order came through. site in the 1970s.) Among the The Agriculture and Food buildings in the demolition plans are Production Section of TICCIH has the original 1909 Wheeler Elevator chosen these icons of modern with its unique monitor roof, and architecture, celebrated by Gropius the gable-roofed marine tower, both and Le Corbusier, as the focus for its of which influenced architects such third international conference in as Walter Gropius, Frank Lloyd France this autumn. It will be in Wright, and Erich Mendelsohn. Nogent, centre of a traditional “These grain elevators are wheat processing area in which central to our identity, it’s a Europe’s largest malt-house was landscape you’re not going to see built last year. The conference’s four anywhere else,” says Tim Tielman, themes are preserving and storing executive director of The Campaign food; construction technology and for Greater Buffalo History, economic strategies; aesthetics, Architecture & Culture, and a styles and images; and industrial member of Buffalo’s preservation hazard, perceptions and heritage. - board. “You’re going to see maybe a see diary big elevator sitting out on the prairie, you’re not going to see a Lively Westminster Hall debate on future of heritage assets On 7 June a Westminster Hall debate took place on the future of heritage assets, called by Stella powers to save heritage assets from (Stoke on Trent Central) also called Creasy MP (Labour, Walthamstow) neglect: “I have become concerned on the Government to see heritage to quiz Heritage Minister John that current heritage regulations are assets as catalysts for economic Penrose on his plans to tackle unclear in their intentions or regeneration, whilst highlighting the heritage at risk and make it easier effectiveness. In particular I am disproportionate cuts the sector has for communities to “live our concerned that where landlords fail suffered. heritage, not just to look at it.” to get permission to change the use Whilst focusing on assets within of a listed building and allow it to her constituency, such as the EMD fall into disrepair it is extremely 42nd South Wales and Cinema and the Walthamstow Dog difficult to act to protect these West of England IA Track, Ms Creasy raised concerns sites.” Mr Penrose agreed there was about wider issues of heritage policy Conference Buffalo, New York State – The Wheeler a need to look at achieving the Elevator 1909 with regard to the effectiveness of “right mix of carrots and sticks” to This year’s conference was held on develop more nuanced escalation Saturday 2 April and hosted by powers to encourage intervention, Oxford House Industrial History and confirmed that the Department Society. The venue was the for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) impressively appointed Llanhilleth was already looking at why some Miners’ Institute, situated in the Local Authorities aren’t using Ebbw valley between Crumlin and intervention powers such as Abertillery. The occasion was well- compulsory purchase orders or attended by 130 delegates who urgent works notices. were treated to six presentations, a Detailing numerous examples of hot lunch and, following the heritage-led regeneration of conference, a choice of guided communities Ms Creasy highlighted walks to local sites. how easily heritage buildings can be Councillor Hedley McCarthy “anchors around which our future is opened the conference with a short shaped” if given the right history of the venue and its recent mechanisms for intervention. Her refurbishment as a continuing Labour colleagues Gloria De Piero entertainment centre for the present MP (Shadow Heritage Minister, community in the former coal Buffalo, New York State – The Wheeler Elevator 2010 Ashfield) and Tristram Hunt MP mining settlement of Llanhilleth. The

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 —15 NEWS first presentation by David Maddox 1856. Such marketing brought other commemorated the centenary of the commercial photographers to 1910-11 Tonypandy Riots and coal publish images and for the bridge to strike. David has recently published become a ‘must visit’ location on a lavishly illustrated book on the the mid-Victorian’s grand tour. subject, the text of which draws on The final presentation, by many first hand interviews he Richard Lewis of the Glamorgan- conducted over the years when he Gwent Archaeological Trust, was a school master in the Rhondda described the cooperative work valley. The riots centred on the GGAT has undertaken with Miller colliery power house at Llwnypia Argent at the Ffos-y-Fran opencast and after years of dereliction there site, Merthyr Tydfil. This surface are now serious plans to re-use this archaeology has recorded many iconic building for community ironstone and coal pits operated by purposes. Inevitably, the the Dowlais Iron Company, a presentation raised the ever- brickworks at Penydarren, workers emotive subject of Winston housing and the elaborate Dowlais Churchill’s role in sending troops to free drainage system. restore order during the riots. By the time the conference Mike Jones’s talk took us back ended, the morning rain had cleared to the nineteenth century as he Nantyglo Roundhouse Photo: Peter Stanier to give a dry and sunny evening for explored the connections between the guided walks. Most popular was the proprietors of the Ebbw Vale a visit to Roundhouse Farm at ironworks and Risca collieries and back further in time to the Dorset and Hampshire coast but it Nantyglo, followed by a tour of the operation of the Brendon Hills beginning of the nineteenth century was also able to provide general Crumlin that included the listed iron mines in Somerset. Mike too and Crawshay Bailey’s round houses foundry services to the town. buildings of Navigation Colliery and has recently published a book - his at Nantyglo. Apart from Bailey’s Stephen Rowson followed with the abutments of Crumlin Viaduct. lifetime work on the history and perceived need to fortify his a paper on the Crumlin Viaduct that Other visits were to the Abertillery archaeology of the Brendon Hills property, the farm is notable for the until 1963 spanned the valley just Museum and Oxford House’s own mines and the West Somerset widespread use of structural cast south of the conference venue. Industrial Museum at Risca. Mineral Railway. Iron ore from the iron. Stephen’s theme was the family Stephen Rowson mines would have passed close to After lunch Richard Clammer connection between the viaduct the conference venue on its way to gave an entertaining illustrated builders and the London Ebbw Vale. history of Cosens & Co of Weymouth. Stereoscopic Company who The morning session closed The company is well-known for published stereoscopic images of with Malcolm Johnson who took us operating pleasure steamers on the the viaduct under construction in

NOTICES

New Awards for Angels the application process, email spotlight on the army of people region are eligible. They should be English Heritage has launched the [email protected] across the country giving up their about 5000 words together with Heritage Angels Awards, designed The panel of judges, to be time in support of our heritage. The illustrations and must be submitted to recognise and celebrate the chaired by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Heritage Alliance’s own award by 31 August 2012. Full details can efforts of local individuals or groups will include Melvyn Bragg, Charles scheme, Heritage Alliance Heroes, be had from Mike Chapman, 51 who have rescued or are currently Moore of the Daily Telegraph and also celebrates the outstanding Newton Road, Bath, BA2 1RW. rescuing heritage at risk in their Simon Thurley, Chief Executive of contribution to society made by local area. Supported by Andrew English Heritage. From a short-list of heritage volunteers, from Alliance Our Northern Mills Lloyd Webber, ‘the Angels’ was 16 entries from around the country member organisations and their they will choose four winners, one members. The Heritage Alliance The future of northern textile mills unveiled as the leader of the was the subject of a meeting at weekend section in The Daily for each category. The Angels will be Heroes 2011 will be presented at presented in the autumn at a the Alliance’s Heritage Day event in Saltaire. A small group met to Telegraph – the media partner for launch a project aimed at raising the the awards. reception hosted by Andrew Lloyd December, by our Chairman Loyd Webber at the Palace Theatre in Grossman OBE. Entries are now profile of the textile mills in the north of England. Discussions are There will be four annual awards for London’s West End,– all short-listed open and the closing date is 15 underway with English Heritage the best rescues or repairs of historic candidates will be invited. The Daily September. Information from with the hope of organising an buildings or sites on the Heritage At Telegraph will showcase the www.heritagelink.org.uk/tag/ event during the Industrial Heritage Risk Register - the best rescue or shortlisted entrants and winners on heritage-heroes. Good luck! at Risk Year which begins in repair of a historic place of worship, their English Heritage Angels October. For further details and the the best rescue of a historic Awards page. opportunity to be involved contact industrial building or site, the best Brunel Prize 2013 Nigel Grizzard, Leeds, craftsmanship employed on a The Bristol Industrial Archaeology [email protected], telephone heritage rescue, and the best rescue Meanwhile don’t forget Society is calling for entries for the 07798 855 494 or Tom Clinton, of any other entry on the register. the Heroes biennial BIAS Brunel Prize. Reports [email protected]. The closing date for entries is 12 The launch of The Angels shines a of original research into, or August. For further information on welcome and well-deserved recording of, IA sites in the Bristol

16 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 REGIONAL NEWS East Midlands team, LIHS explored tunnels under and although someone lived in the shoe components firm RS Lawrence. David Lyne reports from the building which were part of the station house until relatively Now a supermarket want to build on Leicestershire hypocaust system for supplying hot recently, the building with its the site and since the site is owned LIHS are continuing with their “Dig” air through the building originally attached ticket office and waiting by Kettering Borough Council and at the Swannington site of the driven by a beam engine and fan room has been deteriorating ever their stated aim is to demolish the Victorian Califat Mine, now in its over a grid of heated tubes. since. It is listed Grade II and factory, opposition to the demolition third year (or is it fourth), and we Similar treatment is proposed constructed of limestone with semi- seems doomed to fail. have now unearthed (or for the 58 acre site of the former circular headed windows lined in unrubbled?) foundations of the Towers Hospital in Humberstone polychrome brick. A local group has engine house, boiler house, chimney where work on Phase 1 to convert formed the ‘Friends of Glendon & News from Grimsby base as well as drainage and part of the building into flats and Rushton Station’ with the aim of Grimsby Ice Factory was built in ventilation tunnels but apartments is nearly complete and preserving the station buildings and 1901 and, at that time, it was the interpretation of the use of the similar schemes for the remaining converting them to a museum. The largest and most technically building, (pumping, winding, buildings which allow for the group has achieved charitable advanced factory of its kind, ventilation etc,) is still somewhat of retention of the original Victorian status and is holding regular open providing ice for the trawlers which a mystery. We are opening the site façade are envisaged. days, whilst undertaking essential made Grimsby the most important up as part of the National maintenance work. fishing port in the world. It closed 20 Archaeology Festival. Peter Perkins reports from One of the longest nineteenth years ago. Today the disused In the City the battle to save the Northamptonshire century 3-storey shoe factory building (listed Grade II*), which c1790 Donisthorpe Mill from Northampton Borough Council is buildings in Northamptonshire still contains the manufacturing dereliction continues. The undertaking a consultation about constructed in a single phase is plant, is in a parlous state. The developers have pulled out of a re- the creation of a Conservation Area under threat of demolition. The 18- Victorian Society recently listed it build project, the lead thieves covering Northampton’s historic bay building, some 40 metres long, is amongst their top ten buildings at moved in and the City Council are Boot & Shoe Quarter. Situated to the in Desborough and dates from the risk and a trust, the Great Grimsby now in protracted negotiations with north of the town centre, the area 1870s. It has been derelict for a Ice Factory Trust (the Great GIFT, the “owners”, an Irish Bank, to consists of a Victorian streetscape of number of years, last being used by http://grimsbyice.co.uk/), has been make the Grade II building weather shoe, leather and other factories proof An application to English intermixed with terraced housing. Heritage to upgrade to II* has been Many of the redundant shoe with them for over a year with no factories have already been sign of any decision ! converted into apartments with Other Leicester City Buildings varying results for the appearance of notably the first footwear the buildings but there are still a cooperative, Equity Shoes, factory in few retained for their original use. Western road has been tastefully Trickers Footwear in St Michael’s converted into student Road for example is still producing accommodation, and the CWS footwear and was the shoe factory factory at Knighton, which when which featured in the 2005 film completed was the worlds largest ‘Kinky Boots’. Others such as the footwear factory producing 50,000 nearby former GT Hawkins shoe pairs of boots & shoes per week is factory have been derelict for a being converted into mixed number of years. accommodation whilst retaining the Opened in 1857 on the Midland majority of the external Victorian Railway’s Leicester to Hitchin features. With assistance from the extension, Glendon & Rushton local unit of the national rescue station closed to passengers in 1960 Donisthorpe Friars Mill – Leicester Photo: David Lyne

The Swannington dig continues Photo: David Lyne CWS footware factory – Leicester Photo: David Lyne

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 —17 REGIONAL NEWS set up under the initiative of the collection consists of some 35 has received from the Waterways celebrated its 100th anniversary in local Civic Society to campaign for buses, mostly from London Transport Trust its Community Award for 2011 2010. After numerous changes in its restoration and re-use. Several with some service vehicles and a in respect of the completion of the the types and duties of the aircraft well-attended public meetings have few privately-owned buses. There is Loxwood Canal Crossing project. using it, it is now a general aviation been held. also a collection of London The canal was prevented from airfield for private and business There are many difficulties, not Transport items such as bus-stop providing clear passage under flying. The terminal building, the least being its location in the signs and memorabilia. The museum Loxwood High Street by the constructed in 1934 in art deco middle of a busy working port, but an is in process of moving to a construction of a low bridge, and style, is Grade II* listed. Engineering Report and Conservation purpose-built building, entitled the project involved cutting the An example of how it is possible Statement commissioned by North Cobham Hall, at the Brooklands canal lower and building new locks to change the mind of the East Lincolnshire Council are both Museum. The exhibits have all been to take it down and up to the old authorities on conservation matters more positive than might have been moved from the old site and the levels, as well as the replacement of is the refurbishment of the swing expected. The Conservation new building is scheduled to open the bridge. Funding for the project bridge at Southease over the River Statement, after noting the on 1st August 2011. In addition to was raised from donors entirely by Ouse - a relatively modest structure, international importance of the exhibition space it will also contain the Trust. The Devil’s Hole Lock at which the Environment Agency building and its machinery, workshop facilities for the continued the northern end has also now been assessed as needing replacement. concluded that it had good potential restoration and servicing of the restored. Work is proceeding at the Members of the Sussex IAS for new uses, and recommended that vehicles. No additional entrance northern end of the canal with the inspected it and disagreeing, an Options Appraisal be undertaken fees beyond those payable for eventual objective of opening it persuaded English Heritage to list as a next step. In the mean time, entrance to the Brooklands Museum southwards. This will involve cutting the structure, who gave it Grade II representatives of the Prince’s will be required. Further information a new channel over much of the status. The Environment Agency Regeneration Trust have visited the about the museum may be found on route past the village of Bramley. were therefore obliged to proceed site and a visit from the Architectural the web-site of the London Bus The National Trust has granted a 99- with restoration and the bridge was Heritage Fund is planned. Only time Preservation Trust at www.lbpt.org. year lease of Gun’s Mouth Island, at reopened in November 2010. It is will tell whether there is a glimmer of Reigate Heath Windmill is the the junction between the canal and not at present capable of swinging, hope for this important building. only one in the country which is also the River Wey (Godalming but replacement of the great spur David Lyne a church. Services are held during Navigation), to facilitate the wheel means that it could be made the summer. Reigate and Banstead clearing of vegetation and the fully functional in the future, should South-East England Borough Council carried out creation of a new channel. Work on funds become available. The London Bus Museum, founded restoration work in the summer of other sections of the canal An aspect of railway closure in 1966, was established in 1972 in 2010, including fitting a new continues with the assistance of that may seem bizarre is the running a building at Cobham which was tailpost, various repairs and enthusiastic volunteers. of occasional trains, perhaps once a formerly a WWII out-station of the retarring of the exterior. Shoreham Airport, the oldest week, over lines that are no longer Vickers works at Brooklands. The The Wey and Arun Canal Trust licensed airfield in the UK, used for services, so as to avoid the

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All prices are for surface mailing. A discount is available to booksellers on all AIA publications. Cheques should be made payable to the Association for Industrial Archaeology and sent with orders to: Roger Ford, AIA Sales Officer, Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire WV15 6AF The AIA accepts payments by the following credit cards: ACCESS VISA MASTERCARD Please write for sales slip

18 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 REGIONAL NEWS expense of operating the legal Ocean Village in Southampton to a the Hamilton Dry Dock at Belfast, be carried out by apprentices from closing procedures and, possibly, temporary home in Southampton’s where Titanic was fitted out, in time Mid Kent College with four full-time public obloquy. Such a ‘ghost train’ Eastern Docks. It will form an exhibit to mark the centenary of the sinking instructors. Numerous missing items apparently runs from Newhaven in the museum Aeronautica, based in 2012. are being sought. Marine, a station which is officially at the Trafalgar Dry Dock, for ships The New Forest National Park Gravesend canal basin, closed because the platform canopy and aircraft, which will replace the Authority and Wessex Archaeology including two locks and a swing- is said to be unsafe - although cars Solent Sky museum. It is expected to have carried out a ‘dig’ at the former bridge, on the Thames and Medway park under it. open in 2015. The Aeronautica Pennington salt works near Canal has been listed Grade II. The The Sussex IAS has for many project was launched by the Lymington, in advance of a planning Thames and Medway Canal years been concerned with Southampton Heritage Foundation application to convert the remaining Association has long-term plans to refurbishment, operation and on 14th June 2010. Grade II buildings into office and reopen a 700 yard stretch of canal display of the waterwheel-operated A workshop building has been storage space. Remains of the sea- from the basin, to make more than 3 beam pump at Coultershaw. It is erected near the Trafalgar Dock to salt boiling houses have been miles of navigation accessible from now intended to install a water house the three trams which have found. the Thames. turbine, using an Archimedean been stored by Southampton The 2011 excursion programme Alan Thomas screw, in the old wheel-pit of the council for a number of years. The of the SS Shieldhall has had to be adjacent former corn mill, to building is shared with the Dunkirk cancelled because of the discovery generate electricity. This is being Little Ships Restoration Trust, and of serious corrosion in the hull under partly funded by the landowners, the hull of the former RN pinnace the engines, and a six-figure sum the Leconfield Estates, which will Dorian was moved in on 6th May has to be found for repairs. It is VISIT THE receive the income from the sale of 2011. intended that she will eventually be the electricity to the grid, estimated Progress is being made in part of the plans for the Aeronautica AIA at £15,600 p.a.. Other funding has applying for HLF funding for the museum. come from the Coultershaw Trust restoration of the SS Nomadic, A new hull is being constructed WEBSITE and the South Downs Joint which was the tender stationed at at Bristol for the paddle steamer Committee. The site is expected to Cherbourg for the use of passengers Medway Queen, which will be www.industrial- be operational in September 2011. to and from that port travelling on moved to a new base, with In November 2010 the Calshot the White Star liners, including workshops and a visitor centre, at archaeology.org Spit Light Vessel was moved from Titanic. It is proposed also to restore Gillingham. Refitting of the hull will

PUBLICATIONS Local Society and other periodicals received Books

Abstracts will appear in Industrial Archaeology Review. The Leicester & Swannington Railway The Leicestershire Industrial History Society has just published its most Brewery History, 140, Spring 2011 ambitious research project, on the Leicester & Swannington Railway, as Brewery History Society Newsletter, 51, Christmas 2010; 53, Spring chronicled by Clinker and now updated and edited by LIHS member Keith 2011 Drury. Bristol Industrial Archaeological Society Journal, 43, 2010 Because of the size of the work, over 640 pages, and in order to make it available at reasonable cost this has been produced on a CD as an E- Cumbria Industrial History Society Bulletin, 79, April 2011 publication and is a “must have” for anyone with a computer and interest Dorset Industrial Archaeology Society, Newsletter 30, May 2011 in one of the world’s first steam hauled railways. It is extensively illustrated. Hampshire Industrial Archaeology Society, Focus No 76, June 2011 Even local Leicestershire inhabitants are generally unaware of the Historic Gas Times, 65, December 2010, 66, March 2011 existence, since 1832, of this piece of international industrial history on their doorstep which includes a tunnel over a mile long running across the city Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 253, boundary. April 2011; 254, June 2011 Copies are available at £12 inc P&P from the secretary, David Lyne, 10 Merseyside Industrial Heritage Society Newsletter, 308, May 2011 Somerville Road, Leicester, LE3 2ET. Midland Wind and Watermills Group Newsletter, 99, April 2011 Northamptonshire Industrial Archaeology Group Newsletter, 118, Spring 2011 North East Derbyshire Industrial Archaeology Society, Newsletter 42, May 2011 THE BOOK HOUSE Piers: the Journal of the National Piers Society, 99, Spring 2011 The leading industrial archaeology Scottish Industrial Heritage Society Bulletin, 59, June 2011 booksellers since 1963 – books on all Somerset Industrial Archaeological Society Bulletin, 116, April 2011 aspects of technology & transport Suffolk Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 113, May 2011 Surrey Industrial History Group Newsletter, 181, May 2011 LISTS ISSUED – FREE SEARCH SERVICE The Midland Wind and Water Mills Group, Wind and Water Mills No 30, 2011 The Book House, Grand Prix Buildings, Brough, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Industrial History Section Kirkby Stephen CA17 4AY Newsletter, 82, Late Spring 2011 Tel: 01768 342748 www.thebookhouse.co.uk

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —158 —19 DIARY

26 AUGUST – 1 SEPTEMBER Connecticut/Massachusetts William Cubitt, who died in October 28 APRIL 2012 AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE Further information 150 years ago, had an unusually SERIAC 2012 at Cork, Ireland. The association’s www.sia-web.org varied career: windmills engineer, St Bartholomew’s School, Newbury conference this year is being consultant to an ironworks, inventor hosted by Berkshire Industrial 15 OCTOBER 2011 directed by Colin Rynne, a former of the prison treadwheel, gas works Archaeology Group. EMIAC 82 STONED IN Rolt lecturer and winner of the first www.biag.org.uk NORTHAMPTONSHIRE manager, then a civil engineer Peter Neaverson award, and will be The county’s quarrying and mining advising on water supplies, docks, 7 - 12 JUNE 2012 based at University College, Cork. industries at Cogenhoe Village Hall, navigable waterways and railways. FIFTH INTERNATIONAL Programme of lectures and visits to Cogenhoe, Northampton, hosted by EARLY RAILWAYS large sites of major industrial 5 NOVEMBER 2011 Northamptonshire Industrial DEVIZES IA SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE interest. See AIA website for details. Archaeology Group. Details from 2011 at Caernarfon. Advance notice only. 5-8 SEPTEMBER 2011 Jane Waterfield, 6 Bakers Lane, at the Wharf in Devizes. Speakers For further information see RUSTBUCKETS OR FLOATING Norton, Daventry, NN11 2EL covering canals, the Cold War, mills www.erc5.org.uk HERITAGE (including sae) or email and railways. Further details International conference on ship [email protected] available from preservation to be held in Stockholm [email protected] or 20-22 OCTOBER 2011 (Sweden) and Mariehamn (Åland, the Bookings Secretary, Wiltshire TICCIH AGRICULTURE AND Information for the diary Finland). FOOD SECTION Heritage Museum, 41 Long Street, should be sent directly to the For details and registration Technology, construction, aesthetics, Devizes, SN10 1NS Editor as soon as it is available. https://www.netigate.se/s.asps=461 conservation. 00X2270 1 - 16 NOVEMBER 2011 More Diary Dates can be found Nogent-sur-Seine. TASMANIA “A DEVIL OF A Further information on the AIA website at [email protected] GOOD PLACE TO VISIT” [email protected]. www.industrial-archaeology.org Various options of tours of industrial 14-16 DECEMBER 2011 8-11 SEPTEMBER 2011 sites on the occasion of the 16th RAILWAYS AND SPEED TEXTILE TOWNS International conference. Two Engineering Heritage Australia A City Safari to look at Halifax and centuries of speed on the railways, Conference, Hobart, Tasmania. Huddersfield encompassing Carpets thirty years of high-speed trains. Contact Paul Saulter, 80 Udimore and Wool respectively. Information International Union of Railways, 9, Road, Rye, TN31 7DY or visit at www.heritageofindustry.co.uk rue du Château-Landon, F-75010 www.heritageofindustry.co.uk 10-11 SEPTEMBER 2011 Paris www.ahicf.com 22 - 28 APRIL 2012 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS DRAGLINE OPEN DAY MALTA THE (AMERICAN) 29 OCTOBER 2011 (formerly AIA Bulletin ISSN 0309-0051) Friends of St Aidan’s BE1150 SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL ISSN 1354-1455 R&CHS CLINKER LECTURE; dragline. Swillington Leeds LS26 ARCHAEOLOGY 2012 STUDY SIR WILLIAM CUBITT (1785- TOUR Editor: Chris Barney 8AL. Details Paul C Thompson 07889 1861) Looking at how the island has 286634 at the Birmingham & Midland Published by the Association for Industrial experienced the high technology Archaeology. Contributions should be sent 13-16 OCTOBER 2011 Institute, Birmingham, commencing that comes with being a military to the Editor, Chris Barney, The Barn, Back THE LAST GREEN VALLEY at 2.15pm. No booking necessary. base and meeting place of many Lane, Birdingbury, Rugby CV23 8EN. The (American) Society for Industrial The Railway & Canal Historical cultures. News and press releases may be sent to Archaeology Fall Tour 2011 Society’s annual Clinker Lecture is Full details: www.sia-web.org the Editor or the appropriate AIA Regional Quinebaug-Shetucket Valley/ given this year by Peter Brown. Sir Correspondents. The Editor may be telephoned on 01926 632094 or e-mail: [email protected]

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The AIA was established in 1973 to promote the study of Industrial Archaeology and encourage improved standards of recording, research, conservation and publication. It aims to assist and support regional and specialist survey groups and bodies involved in the preservation of industrial monuments, to represent the interests of Industrial Archaeology at national level, to hold conferences and seminars and to publish the results of research. The AIA publishes an annual Review and quarterly News bulletin. Further details may be obtained from the Liaison Officer, AIA Liaison Office, The Ironbridge Institute, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846.

The views expressed in this bulletin are Waiting to descend the shaft into the old copper workings at Falun on the AIA Spring Tour to Sweden Photo: Bill Barksfield not necessarily those of the Association for Industrial Archaeology.

20 —© Association for Industrial Archaeology, August 2011 Registered in England under the Companies Act 1948 (No. 1326854) and the Charities Act 1960 (No. 277511) Registered office: c/o IGMT, Coach Road, Coalbrookdale, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7DQ Produced by TBC Print Services Limited, Blandford Forum, Dorset DT11 7DX