Taiwan: the Heart of Asia Cumulative List

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Taiwan: The Heart of Asia Cumulative List Species 2018 Swan Goose X Cotton Pygmy-Goose X Garganey X Northern Shoveler X Eurasian Wigeon X Mallard X Northern Pintail X Green-winged Teal X Common Pochard X Tufted Duck X Greater Scaup X Taiwan Partridge X Taiwan Bamboo-Partridge X Mikado Pheasant X Swinhoe's Pheasant X Little Grebe X Rock Pigeon X Oriental Turtle-Dove X Red Collared-Dove X Spotted Dove X Silver-backed Needletail X House Swift X Eurasian Moorhen X Eurasian Coot X White-breasted Waterhen X Black-winged Stilt X Pied Avocet X Black-bellied Plover X Pacific Golden-Plover X Lesser Sand-Plover X Kentish Plover X Little Ringed Plover X Pheasant-tailed Jacana X Whimbrel X Eurasian Curlew X Bar-tailed Godwit X Black-tailed Godwit X Ruddy Turnstone X Great Knot X Page 1 Species 2018 Long-toed Stint X Red-necked Stint X Dunlin X Green Sandpiper X Gray-tailed Tattler X Spotted Redshank X Common Greenshank X Marsh Sandpiper X Common Redshank X Saunders's Gull X Black-headed Gull X Caspian Tern X Whiskered Tern X Great Cormorant X Yellow Bittern X Cinnamon Bittern X Gray Heron X Great Egret X Intermediate Egret X Little Egret X Cattle Egret X Striated Heron X Black-crowned Night-Heron X Malayan Night-Heron X African Sacred Ibis X Eurasian Spoonbill X Black-faced Spoonbill X Osprey X Black-winged Kite X Oriental Honey-buzzard X Crested Serpent-Eagle X Mountain Hawk-Eagle X Black Eagle X Eastern Marsh-Harrier X Crested Goshawk X Black Kite X Mountain Scops-Owl X Collared Scops-Owl X Collared Owlet X Northern Boobook X Common Kingfisher X Taiwan Barbet X Gray-capped Woodpecker X White-backed Woodpecker X Gray-chinned Minivet X White-bellied Erpornis X Maroon Oriole X Black Drongo X Bronzed Drongo X Black-naped Monarch X Long-tailed Shrike X Eurasian Jay X Page 2 Species 2018 Taiwan Blue-Magpie X Gray Treepie X Eurasian Nutcracker X Large-billed Crow X Coal Tit X Chestnut-bellied Tit X Green-backed Tit X Taiwan Yellow Tit X Yellow-bellied Prinia X Plain Prinia X Taiwan Cupwing X Barn Swallow X Pacific Swallow X Striated Swallow X Asian House-Martin X Collared Finchbill X Light-vented Bulbul X Black Bulbul X Rufous-faced Warbler X Yellowish-bellied Bush Warbler X Black-throated Tit X Taiwan Fulvetta X Vinous-throated Parrotbill X Taiwan Yuhina X Swinhoe's White-eye X Rufous-capped Babbler X Taiwan Scimitar-Babbler X Black-necklaced Scimitar-Babbler X Dusky Fulvetta X Morrison's Fulvetta X Taiwan Hwamei X Rufous-crowned Laughingthrush X White-whiskered Laughingthrush X White-eared Sibia X Steere's Liocichla X Flamecrest X Eurasian Nuthatch X Brown Dipper X Common Myna X Javan Myna X Taiwan Thrush X Eyebrowed Thrush X Brown-headed Thrush X Vivid Niltava X Taiwan Shortwing X Taiwan Whistling-Thrush X Siberian Rubythroat X White-tailed Robin X White-browed Bush-Robin X Snowy-browed Flycatcher X Plumbeous Redstart X Daurian Redstart X Page 3 Species 2018 Siberian Stonechat X Plain Flowerpecker X Fire-breasted Flowerpecker X White-rumped Munia X Scaly-breasted Munia X Alpine Accentor X Eurasian Tree Sparrow X Gray Wagtail X White Wagtail X Taiwan Rosefinch X Species Total 153 Page 4.

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Field Guides Tour Report Taiwan 2020 Feb 1, 2020 to Feb 12, 2020 Phil Gregory & local guide Arco Huang For our tour description, itinerary, past triplists, dates, fees, and more, please VISIT OUR TOUR PAGE. This gorgeous male Swinhoe's Pheasant was one of the birds of the trip! We found a pair of these lovely endemic pheasants at Dasyueshan. Photo by guide Phil Gregory. This was a ﬁrst run for the newly reactivated Taiwan tour (which we last ran in 2006), with a new local organizer who proved very good and enthusiastic, and knew the best local sites to visit. The weather was remarkably kind to us and we had no signiﬁcant daytime rain, somewhat to my surprise, whilst temperatures were pretty reasonable even in the mountains- though it was cold at night at Dasyueshan where the unheated hotel was a bit of a shock, but in a great birding spot, so overall it was bearable. Fog on the heights of Hohuanshan was a shame but at least the mid and lower levels stayed clear. Otherwise the lowland sites were all good despite it being very windy at Hengchun in the far south. Arco and I decided to use a varied assortment of local eating places with primarily local menus, and much to my amazement I found myself enjoying noodle dishes. The food was a highlight in fact, as it was varied, often delicious and best of all served quickly whilst being both hot and fresh. A nice adjunct to the trip, and avoided losing lots of time with elaborate meals.
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Disaggregation of Bird Families Listed on Cms Appendix Ii
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 2nd Meeting of the Sessional Committee of the CMS Scientific Council (ScC-SC2) Bonn, Germany, 10 – 14 July 2017 UNEP/CMS/ScC-SC2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II (Prepared by the Appointed Councillors for Birds) Summary: The first meeting of the Sessional Committee of the Scientific Council identified the adoption of a new standard reference for avian taxonomy as an opportunity to disaggregate the higher-level taxa listed on Appendix II and to identify those that are considered to be migratory species and that have an unfavourable conservation status. The current paper presents an initial analysis of the higher-level disaggregation using the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World Volumes 1 and 2 taxonomy, and identifies the challenges in completing the analysis to identify all of the migratory species and the corresponding Range States. The document has been prepared by the COP Appointed Scientific Councilors for Birds. This is a supplementary paper to COP document UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.3 on Taxonomy and Nomenclature UNEP/CMS/ScC-Sc2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II 1. Through Resolution 11.19, the Conference of Parties adopted as the standard reference for bird taxonomy and nomenclature for Non-Passerine species the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 1: Non-Passerines, by Josep del Hoyo and Nigel J. Collar (2014); 2.
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Melagiris (Tamil Nadu)
MELAGIRIS (TAMIL NADU) PROPOSAL FOR IMPORTANT BIRD AREA (IBA) State : Tamil Nadu, India District : Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri Coordinates : 12°18©54"N 77°41©42"E Ownership : State Area : 98926.175 ha Altitude : 300-1395 m Rainfall : 620-1000 mm Temperature : 10°C - 35°C Biographic Zone : Deccan Peninsula Habitats : Tropical Dry Deciduous, Riverine Vegetation, Tropical Dry Evergreen Proposed Criteria A1 (Globally Threatened Species) A2 (Endemic Bird Area 123 - Western Ghats, Secondary Area s072 - Southern Deccan Plateau) A3 (Biome-10 - Indian Peninsula Tropical Moist Forest, Biome-11 - Indo-Malayan Tropical Dry Zone) GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Melagiris are a group of hills lying nestled between the Cauvery and Chinnar rivers, to the south-east of Hosur taluk in Tamil Nadu, India. The Melagiris form part of an almost unbroken stretch of forests connecting Bannerghatta National Park (which forms its north-western boundary) to the forests of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary - Karnataka (which forms its southern boundary, separated by the river Cauvery), and further to Biligirirangan hills and Sathyamangalam forests. The northern and western parts are comparatively plain and is part of the Mysore plateau. The average elevation in this region is 500-1000 m. Ground sinks to 300m in the valley of the Cauvery and the highest point is the peak of Guthereyan at 1395.11 m. Red sandy loam is the most common soil type found in this region. Small deposits of alluvium are found along Cauvery and Chinnar rivers and Kaoline is found in some areas near Jowlagiri. The temperature ranges from 10°C ± 35°C. South-west monsoon is fairly active mostly in the northern areas, but north-east monsoon is distinctly more effective in the region.
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The Itinerary
Itinerary for Birding Formosa October 24 - Nov. 2, 2015 *Bold for endemics Day Date/Meals Due to Dateline - Flights from SFO depart on Oct. 22 to arrive TPE on Oct. 23 0 Oct. 23/Fri. Arriving Taoyuan International Airport (TPE) -Air fare not included -/-/- Taking Hotel's shuttle bus from terminal 1/2 to the hotel and checking in by yourselves (early check-in charge may apply if checking in before 3:00p.m.) Overnight: Hotel near Taipei Taoyuan Airport (not included in base cost) Breakfast and trip inception at Novotel 1 Oct. 24/Sat. Bird watching in Taipei Botanic Garden -/L/D Looking for Black-browed Barbet , Malayan Night-heron, Japanese White-eye, Gray Treepie, Black-napped Blue Monarch Transferring to Hualian(4 hours) Overnight: Hualian 2 Oct. 25/Sun. Bird watching in Hualien & Taroko National Park (2000+ m/6600+ ft) B/L/D Looking for Styan’s Bulbul, Taiwan Whistling Thrush Transferring to Cingjing(4 hours) Overnight: Cingjing 3 Oct. 26/Mon. Bird watching in Mt. Hehuan Route (3000+ m/9900+ ft) B/L/D Looking for White-whiskered Laughingthrush, Flamecrest, Collared Bush-Robin, Alpine Accentor, Vinaceous Rosefinch, Coal Tit, Winter Wren, Taiwan Fulvetta Transferring to Huisun(1.5 hours) Overnight: Huisun 4 Oct. 27/Tue. Bird watching in Huisun (1000 m/3300 ft) B/L/D Looking for White-eared Sibia, Taiwan Yuhina, Yellow Tit, Fire-breasted Flowerpeckers, Formosan Magpie, Taiwan Barbet , Gray-cheeked Fulvetta, Chinese Bamboo Partridge, Malayan Night Heron Transferring to Alishan(3+ hours) Overnight: Alishan 5 Oct. 28/Wed. Bird watching in Alishan (2000+ m/6600+ ft) and Tataka, Yushan (2600m/8600 ft) B/L/D Looking for Collared Bush Robin, Taiwan Yuhina, Yellow Tit , Rufouscrowned Laughingthrush, Taiwan Wren-Babbler , Coal Tit, Green-backed Tit, Black-throated Tit, Flamecrest, Mikado Pheasant, Steere’s Liocichla , Taiwan Bush Warbler, Rusty Laughingthrush Transferring to Tainan(2.5 hours) Overnight: Tainan 6 Oct.
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Best of the Baltic - Bird List - July 2019 Note: *Species Are Listed in Order of First Seeing Them ** H = Heard Only
Best of the Baltic - Bird List - July 2019 Note: *Species are listed in order of first seeing them ** H = Heard Only July 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th Mute Swan Cygnus olor X X X X X X X X Whopper Swan Cygnus cygnus X X X X Greylag Goose Anser anser X X X X X Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis X X X Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula X X X X Common Eider Somateria mollissima X X X X X X X X Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula X X X X X X Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator X X X X X Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo X X X X X X X X X X Grey Heron Ardea cinerea X X X X X X X X X Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus X X X X White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla X X X X Eurasian Coot Fulica atra X X X X X X X X Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus X X X X X X X Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus X X X X X X X X X X X X European Herring Gull Larus argentatus X X X X X X X X X X X X Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus X X X X X X X X X X X X Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus X X X X X X X X X X X X Common/Mew Gull Larus canus X X X X X X X X X X X X Common Tern Sterna hirundo X X X X X X X X X X X X Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea X X X X X X X Feral Pigeon ( Rock) Columba livia X X X X X X X X X X X X Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus X X X X X X X X X X X Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto X X X Common Swift Apus apus X X X X X X X X X X X X Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica X X X X X X X X X X X Common House Martin Delichon urbicum X X X X X X X X White Wagtail Motacilla alba X X
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Estimations Relative to Birds of Prey in Captivity in the United States of America
ESTIMATIONS RELATIVE TO BIRDS OF PREY IN CAPTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA by Roger Thacker Department of Animal Laboratories The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210 Introduction. Counts relating to birds of prey in captivity have been accomplished in some European countries; how- ever, to the knowledge of this author no such information is available in the United States of America. The following paper consistsof data related to this subject collected during 1969-1970 from surveys carried out in many different direc- tions within this country. Methods. In an attempt to obtain as clear a picture as pos- sible, counts were divided into specific areas: Research, Zoo- logical, Falconry, and Pet Holders. It became obvious as the project advanced that in some casesthere was overlap from one area to another; an example of this being a falconer working with a bird both for falconry and research purposes. In some instances such as this, the author has used his own judgment in placing birds in specific categories; in other in- stances received information has been used for this purpose. It has also become clear during this project that a count of "pets" is very difficult to obtain. Lack of interest, non-coop- eration, or no available information from animal sales firms makes the task very difficult, as unfortunately, to obtain a clear dispersal picture it is from such sourcesthat informa- tion must be gleaned. However, data related to the importa- tion of birds' of prey as recorded by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife is included, and it is felt some observa- tions can be made from these figures.
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Singapore Raptor Report February 2020
Singapore Raptor Report February 2020 Common Buzzard, juvenile pale morph, at Bedok North Avenue 3, on 27 Feb 2020, by Danny Khoo Summary for migrant species: In February 2020, 126 raptors of 10 migrant species were recorded. A scarce Common Buzzard perched on top of a HDB apartment block at Bedok North Avenue 3 was photographed by Danny Khoo on the 27th. A single dark morph Booted Eagle was photographed in flight at Coney Island on the 23rd by Yip Jen Wei, who also photographed a Grey-faced Buzzard at Puaka Hill, Pulau Ubin on the 29th. Three Chinese Sparrowhawks were recorded, one at Pasir Ris, one at Lorong Halus – Coney Island area, and one female wintering at Ang Mo Kio. Of the six Jerdon's Bazas, five were recorded in the Lorong Halus – Coney Island area between the 7th to the 22nd, and one at Pulau Ubin on the 23rd. At our coastal areas, six Western Ospreys were recorded, including one at Lorong Halus on the 25th, mobbed by a Peregrine Falcon. As for the Peregrine Falcons, seven were recorded around the island, including one that mobbed an Oriental Honey Buzzard at Lorong Halus on the 25th. Page 1 of 9 Nine Japanese Sparrowhawks were recorded, all singles, at various localities. Rounding off the migrant raptors were 45 Oriental Honey Buzzards and 47 Black Bazas, including a flock of 14 at Kranji Marshes on the 28th. Grey-headed Fish Eagle, flying off with a Cinnamon Bittern that it had caught in the river, at Pandan River, on 18 Feb 2020, by Yeak Hwee Lee.
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A Partial Revision of the Asian Babblers (Timaliidae)
FORKTAIL 22 (2006): 85–112 A partial revision of the Asian babblers (Timaliidae) N. J. COLLAR Application of a scoring system that grades morphological and vocal differences between allopatric taxa (major character 3, medium 2, minor 1; minimum 7 for species status, with none permitted on minor differences alone) of the Asian babblers (Timaliidae) results in the recognition of 44 species previously, usually or still occasionally accorded subspecific status: Rufous-crowned Laughingthrush Garrulax ruficeps, Sumatran Laughingthrush G. bicolor, Bare-headed Laughingthrush G. calvus, Cambodian Laughingthrush G. ferrarius, Rufous- cheeked Laughingthrush G. castanotis, Blue-crowned Laughingthrush G. courtoisi, Rufous-vented Laughingthrush G. gularis, Buffy Laughingthrush G. berthemyi, Orange-breasted Laughingthrush G. annamensis, Taiwan Hwamei G. taewanus, Bhutan Laughingthrush G. imbricatus, Assam Laughingthrush G. chrysopterus, Silver-eared Laughingthrush G. melanostigma, Golden-winged Laughingthrush G. ngoclinhensis, Malayan Laughingthrush G. peninsulae, Black-streaked Scimitar Babbler Pomatorhinus gravivox, Spot-breasted Scimitar Babbler P. mcclellandi, Grey-sided Scimitar Babbler P. swinhoei, Sri Lanka Scimitar Babbler P. melanurus, Taiwan Scimitar Babbler P. musicus, Sumatran Wren Babbler Rimator albostriatus, White-throated Wren Babbler R. pasquieri, Grey-banded Babbler Napothera sorsogonensis, Taiwan Wren Babbler Pnoepyga formosana, Rusty-throated Wren Babbler Spelaeornis badeigularis, Grey-bellied Wren Babbler S. reptatus, Chin Hills Wren Babbler S. oatesi, Pale-throated Wren Babbler S. kinneari, Chevron-breasted Babbler Sphenocichla roberti, Visayan Pygmy Babbler Stachyris pygmaea, Bold-striped Tit Babbler Macronous bornensis, Mindanao Miniature Babbler Micromacronus sordidus, Vietnamese Cutia Cutia legalleni, Collared Babbler Gampsorhynchus torquatus, Black-crowned Fulvetta Alcippe klossi, Indochinese Fulvetta A. danisi, Streak-throated Fulvetta A. manipurensis, Taiwan Fulvetta A. formosana, Black-browed Fulvetta A.
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Scanning Behaviour and Spatial Niche
Heft 1 ] 73 1992 ] Kurze Mitteilungen J. Orn. 133, 1992: S. 73--77 Scanning Behaviour and Spatial Niche Luis M. Carrascal and Eulalia Moreno Introduction Searching patterns of birds are largely a function of their morphological and perceptual traits. The habitat features which most affect searching and prey-attacking behaviour in forest birds are vegetation structure and the characteristics of the available prey (ROBINSON & HOLMES 1982, CODY 1985, HOLMES& ROBINSON1988). Vegetation structure influences the way in which birds move through the habitat in order to capture prey. At the evolutionary time scale, habitat and prey features act as selective forces which shape a species' foraging style. Such foraging styles or syndromes are the combination of various morphological and behavioural traits that maximize the foraging efficiency of each species in its environment as has been elucidated already in some groups of birds (ROBINSON& HOLMES 1982). Vigilance during feeding has been associated with antipredator defense and/or the acquisi- tion of information from other birds when in aggregations. In small passerine species, the vigilance rate related to predation risk varies with aggregation size, temperature, food handling costs, distance to cover, and exposure to predators (BERNAXD1983, BEVERn)GE& DEAG 1986, GLOCK 1987, HOGSTAD1988. LIMA& DiLL 1990, PIPER 1990). Nevertheless, although vegetation cover has been recognized as a determinant of predation risk, scanning rate, and flocking behaviour, little effort has been devoted to the study of interspecific variation of vigilance behaviour in relation to the spatial niche of individual species. Here we compare the vigilance behaviour of three small tree-gleaning birds in relation to their spatial niche.
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Assam Extension I 17Th to 21St March 2015 (5 Days)
Trip Report Assam Extension I 17th to 21st March 2015 (5 days) Greater Adjutant by Glen Valentine Tour leaders: Glen Valentine & Wayne Jones Trip report compiled by Glen Valentine Trip Report - RBT Assam Extension I 2015 2 Top 5 Birds for the Assam Extension as voted by tour participants: 1. Pied Falconet 4. Ibisbill 2. Greater Adjutant 5. Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon 3. White-winged Duck Honourable mentions: Slender-billed Vulture, Swamp Francolin & Slender-billed Babbler Tour Summary: Our adventure through the north-east Indian subcontinent began in the bustling city of Guwahati, the capital of Assam province in north-east India. We kicked off our birding with a short but extremely productive visit to the sprawling dump at the edge of town. Along the way we stopped for eye-catching, introductory species such as Coppersmith Barbet, Purple Sunbird and Striated Grassbird that showed well in the scopes, before arriving at the dump where large frolicking flocks of the endangered and range-restricted Greater Adjutant greeted us, along with hordes of Black Kites and Eastern Cattle Egrets. Eastern Jungle Crows were also in attendance as were White Indian One-horned Rhinoceros and Citrine Wagtails, Pied and Jungle Mynas and Brown Shrike. A Yellow Bittern that eventually showed very well in a small pond adjacent to the dump was a delightful bonus, while a short stroll deeper into the refuse yielded the last remaining target species in the form of good numbers of Lesser Adjutant. After our intimate experience with the sought- after adjutant storks it was time to continue our journey to the grassy plains, wetlands, forests and woodlands of the fabulous Kaziranga National Park, our destination for the next two nights.
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British Birds |
VOL. LI DECEMBER No. 12 1958 BRITISH BIRDS CONCEALMENT AND RECOVERY OF FOOD BY BIRDS, WITH SOME RELEVANT OBSERVATIONS ON SQUIRRELS By T. J. RICHARDS THE FOOD-STORING INSTINCT occurs in a variety of creatures, from insects to Man. The best-known examples are found in certain Hymenoptera (bees, ants) and in rodents (rats, mice, squirrels). In birds food-hoarding- has become associated mainly with the highly-intelligent Corvidae, some of which have also acquired a reputation for carrying away and hiding inedible objects. That the habit is practised to a great extent by certain small birds is less generally known. There is one familiar example, the Red- backed Shrike (Lanius cristatus collurio), but this bird's "larder" does not fall into quite the same category as the type of food- storage with which this paper is concerned. Firstly, the food is not concealed and therefore no problem arises regarding its recovery, and secondly, since the bird is a summer-resident, the store cannot serve the purpose of providing for the winter months. In the early autumn of 1948, concealment of food by Coal Tit (Parns ater), Marsh Tit (P. palustris) and Nuthatch (Sitta enropaea) was observed at Sidmouth, Devon (Richards, 1949). Subsequent observation has confirmed that the habit is common in these species and has also shown that the Rook (Corvus jrngilegus) will bury acorns [Querents spp.) in the ground, some- • times transporting the food to a considerable distance before doing so. This paper is mainly concerned with the food-storing behaviour of these four species, and is a summary of observations made intermittently between 1948 and 1957 in the vicinity of Sidmouth.
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Macrohabitat Characteristics and Distribution Hotspots of Endemic Bird Species in Taiwan
Taiwania, 55(3): 216-227, 2010 Macrohabitat Characteristics and Distribution Hotspots of Endemic Bird Species in Taiwan Chia-Ying Ko(1*), Ruey-Shing Lin(2) and Pei-Fen Lee(1) 1. Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan; equal contribution. 2. Endemic Species Research Institute, 1, Ming-Shen E. Road, Jiji, Nantou 552, Taiwan. * Corresponding author. Tel: 866-2-3366246; Fax: 886-2-23623501; Email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 24 February 2010; accepted 23 April 2010) ABSTRACT: Understanding species distributions is essential for developing biodiversity conservation strategies. We combined two bird inventories conducted from 1993 to 2004 and identified specific features of 17 endemic bird species in Taiwan. We used eight environmental variables, including elevation, annual total precipitation, annual mean temperature, warmth index, percentage of forest cover, mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), percentage of building area, and road density, to define macrohabitat characteristics of each species. All the data were in a 1 × 1 km gird system. The 17 species were classified as common (being present in more than 200 grids), uncommon (100–200 grids) or rare (less than 100 grids). The Mikado Pheasant (Syrmaticus mikado), as a rare species, had the lowest occurrence records, while the Taiwan Barbet (Megalaima nuchalis), as a common species, had the highest. Each species had a specific distribution range and habitat preference. These 17 species occupied heterogeneous elevation and climatic conditions. In general, they favored habitats with high vegetation cover, at almost full forest cover and median to high NDVI. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that elevation had the highest correlations with species distributions, with axis 1 accounting for 57.5% of the variation and axis 2 for 9.8%.
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