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Interannual Variation in the Population Dynamics of Juveniles of the Deep-Sea Crab Chionoecetes Tanneri Pauline Chauvet, Anna Metaxas, Marjolaine Matabos

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Interannual Variation in the Population Dynamics of Juveniles of the Deep-Sea Crab Chionoecetes Tanneri Pauline Chauvet, Anna Metaxas, Marjolaine Matabos Interannual Variation in the Population Dynamics of Juveniles of the Deep-Sea Crab Chionoecetes tanneri Pauline Chauvet, Anna Metaxas, Marjolaine Matabos To cite this version: Pauline Chauvet, Anna Metaxas, Marjolaine Matabos. Interannual Variation in the Population Dy- namics of Juveniles of the Deep-Sea Crab Chionoecetes tanneri. Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media, 2019, 6, pp.Article 50. 10.3389/fmars.2019.00050. hal-02932210 HAL Id: hal-02932210 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02932210 Submitted on 9 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. fmars-06-00050 February 16, 2019 Time: 12:11 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 19 February 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00050 Interannual Variation in the Population Dynamics of Juveniles of the Deep-Sea Crab Chionoecetes tanneri Pauline Chauvet1*, Anna Metaxas2 and Marjolaine Matabos1 1 Ifremer Centre de Bretagne, REM/EEP, Laboratoire Environnement Profond, Bretagne, France, 2 Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Understanding the population dynamics of commercially fished deep-sea species, on seasonal to inter-annual scales, is of great importance in areas where fishing pressure is high. The remoteness of the deep-sea environment constitutes a challenge for monitoring these populations. The few studies that have investigated population structure of deep-sea species, have used trawls, a destructive approach for benthic ecosystems. The development of deep-sea observatories offers a continuous long-term Edited by: presence on the seafloor. Using imagery from the Ocean Network Canada deep-sea Anthony Grehan, observatory, video footage was acquired on a daily basis and analyzed to describe the National University of Ireland Galway, population dynamics of the deep-sea crab Chionoecetes tanneri located in depths of Ireland 900–1000 m in Barkley Canyon, off Vancouver Island (BC, Canada). The objectives Reviewed by: Lorenzo Angeletti, here were to describe the dynamics of the local population in relation to changes Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR), in environment and/or life-cycle related behaviors. Sampling sites were located along Italy Helena Passeri Lavrado, the canyon axis and on the canyon wall. Only juveniles (1–10 cm) were found at Universidade Federal do Rio the axis site (1000 m depth) with densities varying from 0 to 144 individuals/m2. de Janeiro, Brazil On the canyon wall (900 m depth), adults (>10 cm) were sporadically observed and *Correspondence: densities were lower (max. 13 individuals/m2). Variation in density between the two Pauline Chauvet [email protected] sites reflected the observed arrival of small individuals (<2.4 cm) at the axis site in summer and autumn. Apart from a distinct migration event in January 2015, intra-annual Specialty section: variability in density was higher than inter-annual variability as illustrated by significant This article was submitted to Deep-Sea Environments and Ecology, annual and sub-annual cycles of 7.5 and 3.5 months. Our results confirmed the a section of the journal hypothesis of ontogenic migration and provide further insight into inter-molt periodicity; Frontiers in Marine Science we demonstrated a duration of 16 months for one crab to grow from 1.8 cm to Received: 15 June 2018 Accepted: 29 January 2019 more than 5 cm. Our findings also show a correlation between population dynamics, Published: 19 February 2019 chlorophyll concentration, surface wave height and wind speed, suggesting that surface Citation: blooms have a potential influence on the migration patterns of C. tanneri. Although our Chauvet P, Metaxas A and study was spatially limited (maximum surface 9 m), this innovative long-term study of a Matabos M (2019) Interannual Variation in the Population Dynamics deep-sea crab demonstrates the potential of deep-sea observatories to enable research of Juveniles of the Deep-Sea Crab into the population dynamics of some deep-sea species. Chionoecetes tanneri. Front. Mar. Sci. 6:50. Keywords: marine imagery, deep-sea observatory, Ocean Network Canada, oxygen minimum zone, tanner crab, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00050 reproduction, temporal trends, British Columbia Frontiers in Marine Science| www.frontiersin.org 1 February 2019| Volume 6| Article 50 fmars-06-00050 February 16, 2019 Time: 12:11 # 2 Chauvet et al. Population Dynamics of Juveniles C. tanneri Juveniles INTRODUCTION Benguela (Abelló et al., 1990) and the red crab Chaeceon affinis in the Faroes (Lorance, 2007) or as a primary targeted species, With the decline of some species targeted by fisheries, including e.g., the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (ICES, 2010) crab stocks (Orensanz et al., 1998; Johnston et al., 2011; with its high commercial value (Dvoretsky and Dvoretsky, 2016). Mullowney et al., 2014), and with increasing efficiency of vessels Only a subset of those studies has focused on spatial structure and fishing gear, fleets now operate at increasingly greater at small scales and life-history characteristics (e.g., Abelló et al., depths, impacting populations down to 3000 m (Ramirez-Llodra 1990; López Abellán et al., 2002; Martí-Trujillo et al., 2014; et al., 2011). To evaluate the viability of a fishery, knowledge Biscoito et al., 2015). Indeed, most studies have focused on the of the species’ biology, population dynamics, and life-history estimation of biomass for the management of the development traits is essential. However, due to the remoteness of the of new fisheries (Defeo et al., 1991; Pezzuto et al., 2006; Perez environment, our understanding of the structure and function et al., 2009; Masello and Defeo, 2016). These studies often of deep-sea ecosystems and of species’ dynamics is still too recommended a need for increased knowledge of population rudimentary to properly inform sustainable fisheries (Francis dynamics (Perez et al., 2003). and Clark, 2005; Ramirez-Llodra et al., 2011). To date, most In British Columbia (Canada), four species of crabs are studies on deep-sea commercial species are based on trawling commercially targeted: the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), the surveys (Francis and Clark, 2005; Devine et al., 2006). While red rock crab (Cancer productus), the golden king crab (Lithodes trawling is an appropriate method to collect samples for precise aequispinus) and the red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) identification, measurements, sexing and various observations (British Columbia Marine Conservation Analysis Project Team, such as hardness of shell or presence of diseases in deep-sea 2010), all distributed at depths from shallow waters to 400 m decapods (Phillips and Lauzier, 1997; Workman et al., 2002; (Butler and Hart, 1962; Rickets et al., 1968). A decline in the Boutillier and Gillespie, 2005; Perry et al., 2005; Keller et al., Dungeness crab fishery in the 1990s encouraged the development 2012; Cusba and Paramo, 2017; Chakraborty et al., 2018), it is of a new sustainable fishery along the Pacific coast of Canada not suitable for high frequency time series (López Abellán et al., (Perry et al., 2005) and the grooved Tanner crab C. tanneri 2002; Keller et al., 2012). In addition, trawling is a destructive became a species of interest. Before a fishery was instigated, sampling technique which can impact the seafloor (Puig et al., an initial review of knowledge on the biology and ecology of 2012; Martín et al., 2014; Clark et al., 2016). In contrast, in situ C. tanneri and its congeneric species C. angulatus identified video surveys were used to quantify the density of Nephrops numerous data gaps regarding the distribution, abundance, norvegicus as a complementary method to fishery trawling (ICES, population structure, life history characteristics, and bycatch in 2013; Martinelli et al., 2013). Over the last decade, the increasing existing fisheries (Phillips and Lauzier, 1997). As a result of use of imagery has provided insights into our knowledge of deep- subsequent trawl and trap surveys used to assess abundance species distribution ranges and abundances while mitigating the and life-history features (Boutillier et al., 1998; Workman et al., impact of more destructive techniques on the environment (Van 2001, 2002), conservative commercial fishing quotas were set, den Beld et al., 2016; De Leo et al., 2017; Domke et al., 2017). More and one area was closed to fishing as a control (Perry et al., recently, the development of deep-sea observatories, facilitating 2005). Because of its potential as an emerging fishery, it is of great multidisciplinary studies over periods of several years at high importance to better understand the distribution and population temporal resolution, offer new means to study and assess the dynamics of C. tanneri. temporal dynamics of deep-sea ecosystems (Aguzzi et al., 2012; The genus Chionoecetes includes four species from the Gulf of Matabos et al., 2012; Lelièvre et al., 2017; Chauvet et al., 2018). In Alaska to northern Mexico (Rathbun, 1925; Pereyra, 1966; Hart, this study, we propose to use this technology for the first time 1982): Chionoecetes bairdi
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