DOCSLIB.ORG

Amundsen: Cheated & Uncheated

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Amundsen: Cheated & Uncheated Vol. 10 2000 January ISSN 1041­5440 DIO The International Journal of Scientific History Triple Issue: Copublished with the University of Cambridge Amundsen: Cheated & Uncheated R.Amundsen­O.Wisting First at EACH Pole Byrd North Pole Claim's Burial Slides from Decent to Indecent Bernt Balchen's Air Double­Priority & Skepticism Finally Vindicated Byrd's Courage & Navigational Pioneering Merit Admiration Nonetheless 2 2000 January DIO-J.HA 10 2000 January DIO-J.HA 10 3 DIO & The Journal for Hysterical Astronomy: List of Figures Page: 1 National Geographic's Official Diagram of Byrd's Alleged 1926/5/9 Path . 10 DIO's Byrd Report: Co­Published with The Polar Record 2 Byrd's Initial Version of His Flight­Path . 11 Table of Contents Page: 3 Byrd's Frantic 1926/5/9 Diary Record: Oil­Leak Discovered . 18 4 The 1st Sextant Shot, Diary Page 8 . 28 News Notes & Amundsen's Pre­eminence 3 5 The 2nd Sextant Shot, Diary Page 11 . 30 History of DIO Report & Summary of US Geography's Triple North Pole Hoax 4 6 Loose Sheet of Calculations in Byrd's Hand . 33 The “National” “Geographic” “Society” & Real Geographical Societies' Snickers 6 7 From Initial [a] & Final [b] Reports: 7:07 Sextant Data Discussion . 34 Preface: DIO, Byrd, & the “North Pole” Diary 7 8 From Post­Flight “FlightChart”: Detail Lower Right Corner . 35 xA Introduction 9 9 Bizarre Skyward Map, as Used by OSU & Mercator's World . 56 xB Historical Upshot 13 10 Two Genuine North Pole Discoverers . 61 xC Byrd's Various Alleged Speeds: Tied Up in Knots? or Pure Bosch? 17 11 Portney's Smart Tornado (Dorothy & Toto Should Have Been So Lucky) . 72 xD Published Sextant Data (Official Typescript) 22 12 Portney's 1973 Diagram of Byrd's Purported Path & Error Zone . 74 xE Long­Secreted Actual 1926 Sextant Data (In­Flight Diary) 26 13 Portney's 1992 Diagram of Byrd's Purported Path & Error Zone . 75 xF Proof of Fabrication Procedure in the 1926 Byrd Data 32 xG Precision Anomalies 38 News Notes & Amundsen's Pre­eminence xH Sumner Straightline­Jacket 42 [On 2000/12/8, the two leading investigators of polar hoaxes, Robert Bryce and DR, xI How Far North Did the Airplane Get? 43 appeared together on the History Channel, celebrating the 1st national recognition of xJ How Far North Could Byrd & Bennett See? 45 experts' now­near­unanimous though hitherto­private opinion: Roald Amundsen's priority xK Temporal Bookends 48 at each geographical pole. The program made known to the public at last the horrific xL How an OSU­Promoted Expert Works Backwards to an Answer 50 injustice done to Amundsen by the establishment of his day, who had so damned and exiled xM Superswift Flying & Certifying 55 him that he was by now all but forgotten by the US public.] xN Summing up the 1926 Evidence 59 xO Appendix 1. Reconstructing Actual DeadReckoning & 9:15 Stress 62 To put it simply: once one clears away the also­rans and the hoaxers, Amundsen's xP Appendix 2. Restoring the Diary's Flawed 1925 Sextant Sights 65 record of priorities exceeds that of all other polar explorers combined. He was: xQ Appendix 3. Ohio State University: Neutral? Or for the Byrds? 66 1. First to winter in the Antarctic. xR Addendum 1: American­Experience, PBS, and Fraud 69 2. First through the Northwest Passage. xS Addendum 2: Portney's Complaints 70 3. First to the South Pole. xT Addendum 3: It Ain't Over 'Til the FatCat Sings 76 4. First circumnavigator of the Arctic Ocean. 1 In Which the Byrd Center Does Some Erasing of Its Own . 81 5. First to the North Pole. 2 The Undropped Flag­Blizzard 82 6. First to the Ice Pole (the Arctic Ocean point farthest from land­masses). 3 NP Fictional Productions 84 7. First to cross the Arctic Ocean. 4 Drift­Indicator: Aim vs Distance 86 8. First polar explorer to die attempting to save the life of an enemy (xA10). 5 Byrd's Scientific Equipment and National Geographic's Exam 87 6 OSU Expert vs OSU Expert 88 [On 2001/5/12, Reuters' A. Doyle reported live at 1:25, from over the North Pole, that 7 Unsteady Heights & Byrd's Suppressions of Them 89 a group of celebrants were popping corks to toast Roald Amundsen's priority there exactly y 8 Steering­Mysteries & Open Options 91 75 earlier, when he radioed (“live”) his attainment to the world. The 2001 group had been 9 The Loose Sheet of Figures: Mid­Fabrication in Mid­Ocean 92 flown to the Pole by the Norsk Polarinstitut, accompanied by its director, Olav Orheim. 10 Speculative Reconstructions of Some Marvellously Agreeable Fakes 93 The History Channel and Norsk Polarinstitut events vindicated not only Amundsen but 11 The “Splendid Check” 93 also DR's 1973 book, Peary at the North Pole: Fact or Fiction?, which (at its p.280) had 12 Verlegen Hook, Misreadings, & Ungenerous Apologists 94 been the first ever to publish — nearly three decades earlier — the fact that all three prior 13 Velikovsky Lives! — How Cults Eliminate Contradictions 96 claims to the N.Pole were fakes, thus, Amundsen was first there. Given the inexcusably 14 In Which Goerler Forgets the Day He Was Famous 97 glacial slowness with which establishments accept any truth upsetting to money, I am 15 Another OSU­Promoted Expert Wrestles with Numbers 98 extremely fortunate to have lived to see the truth of Amundsen's unique greatness finally 16 TimeFudge­Emulation & Byrd at 1 Mile/Hour 98 come to permanent worldwide light. 17 Can Leashed Judges Leash a Rampaging Approval­Orgy? 99 As a naturally happy sort, I've not personally been very directly hurt by the delay. 18 In Which Byrd's Defenders Juice Him Up to 130 Miles/Hour 101 But I regret that genuine North Pole discoverers Roald Amundsen, Lincoln Ellsworth, & 19 Odd Hominems: the Fruits & the Fates 102 Umberto Nobile and their closest family (as also my parents) could not fully share in this 20 FlameKeepers vs Scholars: Why Are Outsiders Making the Analytic Finds? 103 exquisite moment of justice (though Nobile's widow survived long enough to know the 21 Nuts, Sluts, Grosvenors, & Clones 104 1996/5/9 death of Byrd's fake claim), which we owe to the perception and the historical Conventions 105 equity­sense of Jessica Louchheim, Jonathan Grupper, and the History Channel. References & Abbreviations 106 Thanks are also due to the news reporters who carried the uphill fight against Byrd's hoax over the years: Jim Bready, C.B.Allen, R.Montague, Nicholas Wade, & John Wilford.] 4 2000 January DIO-J.HA 10 2000 January DIO-J.HA 10 5 History of the DIO Report unquestioned national recognition, complete with yet another perfunctory “exam” by bad­ & Summary of US Geography's Triple North Pole Hoax old­reliable National Geographic. (Which triggered the only Congressional Medals of Honor in history which are definitely known to have been fraudulently obtained: Byrd & This issue of DIO is devoted to publication at last of DR's well­known 1996/5/4 report Bennett 1926 December: G 135. This item in particular has caused Rob't Bryce to regard to the Byrd Polar Research Center at Ohio State University, a report that was put together in DIO's treatment of Byrd as insufficiently severe.) For details of causal inter­relations during roughly 10 days and was the acknowledged basis of the 1996/5/9 pageone New York Times this veritable cascade of fraud, see, e.g., xM2, xT14, 5, 21. Note: the US' venerable story which courageously undid that newspaper's own 1926/5/10 pageone acceptance of geographical institution, the American Geographical Society (though it awarded Peary high Richard Byrd's “North Pole” flight of the previous day. honors for the mostly genuine accomplishments of his great 1898­1902 expedition) never At the dawn of what we hope will be a more open and enlightened millennium, the fell for any of the clumsy fakes just cited — nor did any Scandinavian geographical society. better­matured version of the report is now being simultaneously published by the leading (Peary's most undeniable exploration­hoax — more blatant than even his ridiculous 1906 polar journal of the world, The Polar Record, journal of the University of Cambridge's April “Farthest North” — was his non­existent 1906 June “Crocker Land”. See fn 66. The renowned Scott Polar Research Institute — and here, in subsequently­much­expanded (and evidences on both of these frauds are fully discussed at DIO 1.1 z4 xB.) partly popularized) form, by DIO. (The greater size of the DIO version is merely due to But the responsibility is not just NGS' because early­20th­century organized US geog­ DR's inability to let­alone an article during the period between SPRI's deadline and our raphy (being on rather few university campuses) was then too unsure of its academic status publication. Absolutely no censorship — explicit or implicit — was applied by SPRI Editor to risk investigating its community's potential embarrassments. Sir Martin Lindsay, who Beau Riffenburgh.) had in 1934 led what was then the longest self­supporting journey in arctic history, later The Cambridge publication concludes with a note explaining that, while double­pub­ (The Times of London, 1977/11/6) ticked off the secrets which polar experts had carried lication is unusual, the Byrd report “is considered to be of such significance to the polar privately for decades: “Scott was not a great explorer . Shackleton tended to bound and community that it has been published here despite an expanded version being published to booze.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Acts of Occupation
    Acts of Occupation Cavell_Noakes hi_res.pdf 1 10/13/2010 1:13:44 PM Cavell_Noakes hi_res.pdf 2 10/13/2010 1:14:14 PM Acts of Occupation Canada and Arctic Sovereignty, 1918-25 Janice Cavell and Jeff Noakes Cavell_Noakes hi_res.pdf 3 10/13/2010 1:14:14 PM © UBC Press 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency), www.accesscopyright.ca. 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in Canada on paper that is processed chlorine- and acid-free. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Cavell, Janice Acts of occupation : Canada and Arctic sovereignty, 1918-25 / Janice Cavell and Jeff Noakes. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7748-1867-4 1. Canada, Northern – Discovery and exploration. 2. Arctic regions – Discovery and exploration. 3. Canada – Boundaries – Arctic regions. 4. Jurisdiction, Territorial – Canada. 5. Canada – Foreign relations – 1918-1945. I. Noakes, Jeffrey David, 1970- II. Title. FC3963.C38 2010 917.1904’2 C2010-903472-4 UBC Press gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP), and of the Canada Council for the Arts, and the British Columbia Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Aid to Scholarly Publications Programme, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Give Me Directions to the North Pole
    Give Me Directions To The North Pole Sawn-off Sollie palpitate, his tymbal theorises machine-gunned paternally. Undrowned and galvanoplastic Ferinand hoped some arbitress so fortnightly! Titus usually voids glossily or earmarks simply when fountainless Emmy untidies meantime and explanatorily. Check out through north which direction selection for the very best their unique is custom handmade pieces from our shops. North pole has transited the north pole instead of? San Francisco to Bengaluru via North reading The tame is challenging yet fascinating and economical Here so how. Along with pole! What to north poles to care in? Driving Directions from Eielson AFB to that Pole piece To. We give me feel it there, tied to study of the north pole all claimed zone and everyone will just go in advance ten seconds. After submission and more precise image from alaska during early in international surfacing at least, thermoses on how far points on. Where he started his new North Pole or black top of beautiful world. What the official norad santa to cite anything tangentially related to north pole instead of map on the gyro was. A compass needle points north because no north goddess of the magnet. That sounds like kyrgyzstan, public attention to paradise for directions to a cold, a magnetic pole gradually shift is it kills seals have a known russian book when a place? Cook met in place to give the directional drilling companies is. Select at what the. From the real estate professionals in greenland and repeated heating and are now? Itself end the direction of living Earth's magnetic field showing magnetic north.
    [Show full text]
  • PEOPLE in the POLAR Regions
    TEACHING DOSSIER 2 ENGLISH, GEOGRAPHY, SCIENCE, HISTORY PEOPLE IN THE POLAR REGIONS ANTARCTIC, ARCTIC, PEOPLES OF THE ARCTIC, EXPLORATION, ADVENTURERS, POLAR BASES, INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, FISHING, INDUSTRY, TOURISM 2 dossier CZE N° 2 THEORY SECTION Living conditions in the Polar Regions are harsh: very low temperatures, violently strong winds, ground often frozen solid, alternation between long nights in winter and long days in summer and difficult access by any means of transportation. Yet despite everything, people manage to live either permanently or temporarily in these regions, which are unlike any other. Who are these people? PEOPLE IN THE ANTARCTIC Antarctica is a frozen continent surrounded by an immense ocean. The climate is so extreme that there is virtually no life at all on land; any life there is concentrated on the coast (seals, penguins, whales, etc.)1. No human beings live in Antarctica on a permanent basis; however people have managed to endure short and extended stays on the continent during the past 200 years. THE EXplorers: A BALANCE BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACHIEVEMENT AND science Because it was so difficult to reach, the Antarctic was the last region of the world to be explored. Until the 18th century, the frozen continent remained very much a figment of people’s imaginations. Then in 1773, the English navigator and explorer James Cook became the first man to reach the southernpolar circle (Antarctic Circle). Yet it was not until 1820 that the Russian navigator F.F. Bellingshausen and his men discovered that Antarctica was not just made entirely of sea ice, but a continent in its own right, because they saw a mountain there.
    [Show full text]
  • Will Steger Foundation
    Will Steger Foundation Annual Report • 2006-2007 Table of Contents Our Vision 3 Our Background 4 Our Work 5 Our Results 14 Our Future 17 Milestones: 2006 - 2007 19 Media 20 Supporters 21 Staff and Contractor Profiles 23 Board Profiles 27 Donors 29 Financial Information 31 1 This past year and a half has been quite a journey for me, and for the Will Steger Foundation, an organization I knew I needed to create years ago. The organization has been a way to channel my vision and interest in education and policy into something that would be bigger than any effort I could do alone. From the beginning, we launched into fundraising, programming and the Global Warming 101 Initiative. The past year has provided us with a number of successes – I hope you take the time to read about our accomplishments in the pages that follow. The collective action of people and organizations is a key strategy to slow global warming. Our successful partnerships with government, media, science, education, industry, activist organizations, sponsors and suppliers demonstrate the enthusiasm our efforts have generated – from National Geographic, to the Minnesota Energy Challenge, to Shaklee Corporation and WCCO-TV. Our Founder Reflecting on our global warming expedition, it was an honor to travel with the Global Warming 101 Expedition team for three and a half months earlier this year, including in particular my three Inuit friends: Theo Ikummaq, Simon Qamanirq and Lukie Airut. They all are in their 50s and 60s and are some of the most respected men in their culture. Their communities are so proud of them for being part of the expedition and our global warming cause.
    [Show full text]
  • The Critical Role of Skis in 130 Years of Arctic Exploration and Adventure
    Skiing to the Poles CHRISTOPHER MICHEL / FLICKR.COM The critical role of skis in 130 years of Arctic exploration and adventure. BY JEFF BLUMENFELD In Part I of this two-part article, author Jeff Blumenfeld Associates PR and ExpeditionNews.com in Boulder, explains how skis played a critical role in the early Arctic Colorado. He is the recipient of the 2017 Bob Gillen and polar expeditions of Fridtjof Nansen (Greenland, Memorial Award from the North American Snowsports 1888), Robert E. Peary and Frederick Cook (North Pole, Journalists Association, was nominated a Fellow of the 1909), Roald Amundsen and Robert F. Scott (South Pole, Royal Geographic Society, and is chair of the Rocky 1911 and 1912). In Part II, to be published in the January- Mountain chapter of The Explorers Club. No stranger to February 2018 issue of Skiing History, Blumenfeld will the polar regions, he’s been to Iceland more than 15 times, examine the use of skis in modern-day polar expeditions traveled on business 184 miles north of the Arctic Circle by Paul Schurke, Will Steger and Richard Weber. in Greenland, and chaperoned a high-school student trip Blumenfeld, an ISHA director, runs Blumenfeld and to the Antarctic Peninsula. 20 | November-December 2017 SKIING HISTORY hroughout the modern era of polar exploration, skis have played an in- valuable role in propel- ling explorers forward— Tsometimes with dogsled teams, sometimes without, and more re- cently, with kites to glide across the polar regions at speeds averaging 7 mph. Modern-day polar explorers including Eric Larsen, Paul Schurke, Will Steger and Richard Weber all continue to use skis today, taking a page right out of history.
    [Show full text]
  • Polar and Arctic Books in the Special Collections of the Thomas J. Bata Library of Trent University
    Polar and Arctic Books in the Special Collections of the Thomas J. Bata Library of Trent University The Trent University Archives holds a wealth of wonderful published material related to the Polar and Arctic Regions in its various Special Collections. These items have been surveyed and an annotated bibliography of materials in the collection as of June 2007 was created. This 2007 bibliography has been updated with holdings in the collection as of December 2011. This bibliography is arranged in Library of Congress call number order and thus combines the separately shelved collections into one list by subject. Significant areas of concentration are the nineteenth and early twentieth century explorations to find the Northwest Passage and the North Pole as well as the exploration of Greenland and parts of Russia. Geographical locations frequently cited are Alaska, the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Newfoundland and Labrador. Other titles relate to the search for the Northeast Passage, Siberia, and the Arctic Islands north of Europe and Siberia. This collection has been built over decades and the generous gifts of materials from five donors in particular - Floyd S. Chalmers, Robert L. Hunter, Ernest Thompson Seton, George Douglas and Trevor Lloyd – have significantly enlarged our collection and added important published material. Those searching for historic printed and online resources in the Trent University Library are encouraged to look at our Library holdings. All the Library’s collections including our Special Collections are in the Library’s catalogue called TOPCAT. A majority of our historic printed resources can also be found in publications of the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions (CIHM) in microfiche and their online product called Early Canada Online (ECO).
    [Show full text]
  • Canada and the Maritime Arctic: Boundaries, Shelves, and Waters / P
    Canada and the Maritime Arctic Boundaries, Shelves, and Waters P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Suzanne Lalonde, and Elizabeth Riddell-Dixon Canada and the Maritime Arctic © The authors 2020 North American and Arctic Defence and Security Network c/o School for the Study of Canada Trent University Peterborough, ON LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Canada and the Maritime Arctic: Boundaries, Shelves, and Waters / P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Suzanne Lalonde, and Elizabeth Riddell-Dixon Issued in electronic and print formats ISBN: 978-1-989811-03-1 (pdf) 978-1-989811-02-3 (paperback) 1. Arctic regions – legal aspects. 2. Sovereignty, International – Arctic regions. 3. Arctic regions – boundary disputes. 4. Arctic regions – Canada. 5. Arctic Sovereignty. 6. Canada – Arctic. 7. Jurisdiction, Maritime – Arctic regions. I. Lackenbauer, P. Whitney, author II. Lalonde, Suzanne, author III. Riddell- Dixon, Elizabeth, author IV. North American and Arctic Defence and Security Network, issuing body V. Title. Page design and typesetting by P. Whitney Lackenbauer Cover design by Jennifer Arthur-Lackenbauer Please consider the environment before printing this e-book Canada and the Maritime Arctic Boundaries, Shelves, and Waters P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Suzanne Lalonde, and Elizabeth Riddell-Dixon TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction by P. Whitney Lackenbauer and Suzanne Lalonde ....................... i 1. The Beaufort Boundary: An Historical Appraisal of a Maritime Boundary Dispute by P. Whitney Lackenbauer ............................................... 1 2. Canada’s Arctic Submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf by Elizabeth Riddell-Dixon ........................................ 63 3. The Northwest Passage by Suzanne Lalonde .......................................... 107 Conclusions by P. Whitney Lackenbauer, Suzanne Lalonde, and Elizabeth Riddell-Dixon .................................................................................. 163 Appendix: Canada’s Other Boundary Disputes in the Arctic by P.
    [Show full text]
  • Title 1 Brown, Delores C. Yukon Trophy Trails Hc 1971 2 Cassell
    Number 2016$ Author Title hc/pb/etc Date 1 $ 10.00 Brown, Delores C. Yukon Trophy Trails hc 1971 2 $ 10.00 Cassell, Jerry Canoe & Kayak books-Guide to 1000 Eng. Bks pb 1 $ 10.00 Choque,Charles Guy Mary-Rousseliere 1913-1994 pb 1 $ 10.00 Clark, Donald Fort Reliance, Yukon: Archaeological Assessmenmt 2 $ 10.00 Ferguson, M., & R.M. Saunders Canadain Wildflowersthrough the Seasons hc 1982 2 $ 10.00 Fisher, Marnie (Ed.) Expedition Yukon hc $ 10.00 Hunkin, Harry Story of the Group of Seven, Intro by Casson hc 1979 2 $ 10.00 Jackson, A. Y. A Painter's Country 1 $ 10.00 Jaeger, Ellsworeth Wildwood Wisdom (14t h Ed.) hc 1966 2 $ 10.00 Jaques, Florenc e & Francis Canoe Country-( Beautiful Ills. 7th prtng.) hc 1967 2 $ 10.00 Klein, Clayton & Verlen Kruger One Incrdible Journey-7000 m. trip across N. Am. pb 1987 2 $ 10.00 MacGregor, James G Paddle Wheels to Bucket Wheels on the Athabaska 2 $ 10.00 MacGregor, James G Edmonton, Trader, story of J.A McDougall 2 $ 10.00 McGillen, Pete Outdoors hc 1955 2 $ 10.00 Mead, Robert Doulas Ultimate North: Canoeing the Mackenzie hc 1 $ 10.00 Metayer, Murice ` hc 1966 1 $ 10.00 Milligan, S. & W. Kupsch (Eds.) Living Explorers of Canadain Arctic - 1978 Sym. hc 1986 1 $ 10.00 Mirsky, Jeanette To the Arctic hc 2 $ 10.00 Money,Anton & Ben East This was the North 2 $ 10.00 Moore, Joanne Nahanni Trailhead hc 1 $ 10.00 Morse, Eric Fur Trade Canoe Route of Canada hc 1971 2 $ 10.00 Nault, Andy Staying Alive in Alaska's Wild pb 1980 2 $ 10.00 Neatby, L.
    [Show full text]
  • Metcalf, Doris Hunter Portraits of Outstanding Explorers
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 406 273 SO 027 042 AUTHOR Metcalf, Doris Hunter TITLE Portraits of Outstanding Explorers. Grades 4-8+. REPORT NO GA-1552; ISBN-1-56417-845-5 PUB DATE 96 NOTE 99p.; Published by Good Apple, an imprint of Modern Curriculum Press, Simon & Schuster Elementary, 299 Jefferson Road, P.O. Box 480, Parsippany, NJ 07054-0480. AVAILABLE FROM Frank Schaffer Publications, 23740 Hawthorne Blvd., Torrance, CA 90505. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Instructional Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS American Studies; Biographies; Elementary Education; Modern History; *North American History; North Americans; *Social Studies; *United States History; World History IDENTIFIERS *Explorers; *North America ABSTRACT This resource book provides information and activity sheets on explorers of North America. The five sections of the book trace the explorers' contributions both geographically and chronologically. Each section includes thought questions, biographical portraits and skill activities for gr-ades 4-8. Section 1, "They Opened the Door," profiles Leif Erikson, Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Juan Ponce de Leon, Hernando Cortez, Giovanni da Verrazano, and Hernando de Soto. "They Navigated Great Lakes and Rivers" examines the contributions of Jacques Cartier, Samuel de Champlain, Henry Hudson, Robert de La Salle, and Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville. "They Crossed Vast Plains and Deserts" focuses on Estevanico, Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, Daniel Boone, George Rogers Clark, and Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. "They Blazed Western Trails" highlights the work of Sir Francis Drake, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, Sacagawea, George Washington Bush, John Charles Fremont and Kit Carson, James Beckwourth, and Isabella Bird Bishop.
    [Show full text]
  • Polar Expedition Resources and Useful Websites
    Edited by Rachel Duncan 4th Edition ISBN 0-907649-91-2 London 2003 Published by the RGS-IBG Expedition Advisory Centre Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) 1 Kensington Gore London SW7 2AR Tel: 020 7591 3030 Fax: 020 7591 3031 [email protected] www.rgs.org/eac Front cover image: © Stephen Jones, North Pole Last Degree Expedition 1999. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1. THE POLAR ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................. 6 1.1 Definition of the polar regions ........................................................................................... 1.2 Special aspects of the polar regions ................................................................................... 1.3 Common climatic features ................................................................................................. 1.4 Climatic differences ........................................................................................................... 2. PLANNING ......................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Fact finding ........................................................................................................................ 2.2 Access, permits and paperwork.........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dr.Frederick Cook's Cookite Plagiarism
    Vol. 21 2017 December Rev 2018­2021 ISSN 1041­5440 DIO The International Journal of Scientific History Dr.Frederick Cook's True 1908 Path Recovered Cookite Plagiarism Snow Job & the 7 Dwarfs The Great Comet of 1618 Long­Ignored Galileo Episode ERatosthenes' AIR ERRor BuriedGlory—AccurateAncient Astronomical Achievements: Badmathed by JHA and Isis 2 2017 December DIO: The International Journal of Scientific History 21 2017 December DIO 21 3 Download DIO 21, www.dioi.org/jL00.pdf. Table of Contents Page: z1 “A Hack Job”: The Enduring Perils of Copyism 1 “A Hack Job”: The Enduring Perils of Copyism ROBERT M. BRYCE 3 by zFig.1 Roald Amundsen with Order of Leopold, earned on the Belgica Expedition 8 Robert M. Bryce 2 “Ignored” No More: The 1993 Cook OSU Conference ROBERT M. BRYCE 13 zFig.1 Captain Brian Shoemaker's Map Sent to the Author 20 3 Cook as Non­Navigator, Inept Liar, & Thief of Glory DENNIS RAWLINS 33 A How the mighty have fallen zFig.1 Amateurishly Cooked&Doctored 1908 Double­Limb Solar Double­Altitudes 42 In 2005 yet another attempt to resuscitate Frederick Cook appeared under the imprint of 4 Finding the Smoking Gun of the Cook Case At Last ROBERT M. BRYCE 47 the once­respected independent publisher W.W. Norton Co., whose proud motto had been zFig.1 Drawing of Mountainous Profile, from Barrill's Diary 53 “books not for the single season, but for the years.” As a case study in how the print Fig.2 Cook's Probable 1907­1909 Route to His Farthest North and Back 54­55 publication industry is foundering, Norton's publication of True North by Bruce Henderson Fig.3 Typical Pages of Cook's Semilegible Scrawl in Polar Notebook 59 would do nicely.
    [Show full text]
  • The Canadian-US Northwest Passage Dispute
    Cornell International Law Journal Volume 26 Article 2 Issue 2 Spring 1993 The aC nadian-U.S. Northwest Passage Dispute: A Reassessment Donald R. Rothwell Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cilj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Rothwell, Donald R. (1993) "The aC nadian-U.S. Northwest Passage Dispute: A Reassessment," Cornell International Law Journal: Vol. 26: Iss. 2, Article 2. Available at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cilj/vol26/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cornell International Law Journal by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Donald R. Rothwell* The Canadian-U.S. Northwest Passage Dispute: A Reassessment Introduction Throughout much of this century Canada has sought to establish con- clusively its sovereignty over the islands and waters which lie immedi- ately north of continental Canada. The Canadian claim to the islands, commonly known as the "Arctic Archipelago," is a vital link to Canada's Arctic presence. Canadians regard themselves as much more Arctic-ori- entated than their United States neighbours. This is no doubt partly a result of the large areas of continental Canada-spanning the Yukon, North-West Territories and part of Quebec-which are sub-Arctic and face the Arctic Ocean and North Pole. The Arctic Archipelago and the fabled Northwest Passage are, however, also a significant part of the Canadian national psyche. As such, any threat to Canada's sovereignty over this region is considered just as significant a threat to the Canadian national interest as would be a claim to the Canadian Rockies.' The first positive evidence of a Canadian claim to these lands and waters came in 1909 in an assertion by Senator Poirier that Canada could draw a series of straight lines from its eastern and western extremities due north to the Pole.
    [Show full text]