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Steht Später Die Headline LÄNDERBERICHT Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. RUMÄNIEN ANDREI AVRAM HANS MARTIN SIEG Januar 2017 Neue rumänische Regierung vereidigt www.kas.de/bukarest Mit 296 Ja-Stimmen erhielt am 4. Janu- (für die er früher als Beamter tätig war) und ar das neue Kabinett des sozialdemo- sei außerdem im Internet durch seine Un- kratischen Premierministers Sorin terstützung für den international geächteten Grindeanu das Vertrauen der zwei Par- Präsidenten Baschar el-Assad aufgefallen. lamentskammern von Rumänien und Einer seiner Brüder habe sogar Einreisever- konnte noch am selben Abend im Prä- bot in der gesamten EU. Da das Amt des sidialpalast vereidigt werden. Die aus Premierministers von Rumänien zugleich der Sozialdemokratischen Partei (PSD) den stellvertretenden Vorsitz des Obersten und der Allianz der Liberalen und De- Rates für die Landesverteidigung (CSAT) mokraten (ALDE) gebildete Regie- umfasse, wäre die Ernennung von Sevil rungskoalition verfügt im Parlament Shhaideh problematisch gewesen. über eine komfortable Mehrheit, zumal auch der Demokratische Verband der Gegen Ende Dezember schlug die PSD den Ungarn von Rumänien (UDMR) und die Kreisratsvorsitzenden von Temesch/Timiș, Fraktion der nationalen Minderheiten Sorin Grindeanu, ehemaliger Kommunikati- für die neue Exekutive gestimmt haben. onsminister in der Regierung von Victor Ponta (2014 – 2015), als zweiten Kandida- Die neue Regierung entstand erst nach in- ten für den Posten des Premierministers tensivem politischem Tauziehen zwischen vor. Dragnea knüpfte dessen mögliche Nich- der PSD und Präsident Klaus Iohannis. Da- ternennung an ein Amtsenthebungsverfah- bei spielte insbesondere der Umstand eine ren gegen Klaus Iohannis. Am 30. Dezem- Rolle, dass der Vorsitzende der Sozialdemo- ber unterzeichnete schließlich der Präsident kraten, Liviu Dragnea, aufgrund einer Be- die Nominierung Grindeanus, dessen Kabi- währungsstrafe wegen Wahlbetrugs beim nett größtenteils am 3. Januar am PSD- Referendum zur Amtsenthebung des ehe- Hauptquartier vorgestellt wurde. Dabei maligen Staatsoberhauptes Traian Băsescu wurden die Minister von Liviu Dragnea prä- im Sommer 2012 nicht selbst Premierminis- sentiert, der auch anlässlich der ersten ter bzw. Kabinettsmitglied werden darf. Pressekonferenz nach der Nominierung Dragnea, der inzwischen zum Präsidenten Grindeanus die federführende Rolle gespielt der Abgeordnetenkammer gewählt wurde, hatte. Ohnehin hat Dragnea mehrfach be- hatte zunächst eine enge Vertraute, Sevil tont, dass das Kabinett der Partei Rede und Shhaideh, für das Amt des Premierministers Antwort zu stehen habe und dass die PSD vorgeschlagen. Die Kandidatur der Angehö- die Einhaltung des Regierungsprogramms rigen der Türkisch-Tatarischen Minderheit überwachen werde. Grindeanu selbst sagte wurde jedoch kurz nach Weihnachten 2016 anlässlich der Vorstellung der PSD-Minister, von Iohannis ohne öffentliche Begründung dass es sich um eine „politische Regierung“ abgelehnt. In den Medien wurde jedoch handele, Politik aber „an einem anderen spekuliert, dass vor allem sicherheitspoliti- Ort“ stattfinde und die Regierung für die sche Bedenken zur negativen Stellungnah- Verwaltung des Landes zuständig sei. Dass me des Präsidenten geführt hätten. Grindeanu am ersten Arbeitstag am 5. Ja- Shhaidehs Ehemann, ein gebürtiger Syrier, nuar bis ins Regierungsgebäude hinein so- habe Kontakte zur Regierung in Damaskus wohl von Dragnea, als auch vom ALDE- 2 Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Vorsitzenden und Senatspräsidenten Călin sind und somit durch ein entsprechendes Popescu-Tăriceanu begleitet wurde, schien Gesetz „von allen Problemen befreit“ wären, RUMÄNIEN für die Öffentlichkeit zu unterstreichen, dass sagte Iohannis. Er verwies zugleich darauf ANDREI AVRAM das tatsächliche Machtzentrum im von PSD hin, dass gegen Dragnea in einem weiteren HANS MARTIN SIEG und ALDE dominierten Parlament liegen Fall strafrechtlich ermittelt werde und gegen wird. Tăriceanu ein Strafverfahren bereits vor Ge- richt anhängig sei. „Dies nenne ich Besorg- Januar 2017 Das neue Kabinett setzt sich vor allem aus nis erregende Umstände“, so der Präsident. Ministern zusammen, die in der Vergangen- Am Tag davor hatte zudem die Sprecherin www.kas.de/bukarest heit kein derart hohes Amt bekleidet haben, des Präsidenten den Unmut des Staatsober- enthält aber auch altgediente Politiker. Das hauptes zum Ausdruck gebracht, dass der Ministerium für Auswärtige Angelegenheiten Ombudsmann Victor Ciorbea eine Verfas- wird künftig von Teodor Meleșcanu (ALDE) sungsklage gegen das Gesetz eingelegt hat- geleitet, der dieselbe Position schon zwi- te, das die Ernennung von vorbestraften schen 1992-1996 innehatte, wie auch über- Personen zu Regierungsmitgliedern verbie- gangsweise für eine kurze Zeit im Novem- tet. Ciorbea gilt als PSD-nah, zumal er mit ber 2014, als der zweite Wahlgang der Prä- den Stimmen der Sozialdemokraten 2014 sidentschaftswahlen stattfand, bei diesem zum Ombudsmann des Parlaments gewählt dem rumänischen Außenministerium vorge- worden war. Dragnea wies hingegen die Kri- worfen worden war, die Diaspora-Rumänen tik an Ciorbea zurück. Er habe nicht die Ab- mit Absicht an der Ausübung ihres Stimm- sicht, Premierminister zu werden, sagte er rechts zu hindern. Umstritten ist auch die nach der Reaktion aus dem Präsidialamt. Ernennung von Sevil Shhaideh zur Vizepre- mierministerin und Ministerin für Regional- Die Entwicklungen im rechtsstaatlichen Be- entwicklung, Öffentliche Verwaltung und reich dürften bestimmend sein für das poli- Europäische Fördergelder – ein „Supermi- tische Jahr 2017. Inwieweit die neue Parla- nisterium“, das u.a. zuständig ist für die mentsmehrheit ihre Macht – und aus den Verteilung eines beträchtlichen Anteils an Wahlen hervorgegangene Legitimität – nut- öffentlichen Geldern an nachgeordnete Ge- zen wird, um die in der Region als modell- bietskörperschaftsebenen. Innenministerin haft geltende Korruptionsbekämpfung abzu- wurde Carmen Dan (PSD), die über keiner- schwächen, ist zur Zeit schwer absehbar. lei Erfahrung in der nationalen Verwaltung Die Reaktion der wichtigsten internationalen verfügt, aber ebenfalls als enge Vertraute Partner des Landes, insbesondere der EU des PSD-Chefs gilt: Sie war zwischen 2002 und der Vereinigten Staaten, wird in diesem und 2010 Rechtsexpertin beim Kreisrat Te- Zusammenhang eine bedeutende Rolle spie- leorman, dessen Vorsitzender im selben len. Dabei ist auch kaum abzuschätzen, in- Zeitraum Liviu Dragnea war. wieweit es in der rumänischen Öffentlichkeit eine breite Bewegung gegen entsprechende Auch der neue Justizminister Florin Iordache Schritte geben könnte. Dies wird wohl auch (PSD) sorgte für Schlagzeilen in den ver- davon abhängen, inwieweit das neue Kabi- gangenen Tagen. Am Rande seiner Anhö- nett seine Wahlversprechen einlöst, die Ge- rung im Rechtsausschuss vor der Vertrau- halts- und Rentenerhöhungen, Steuerer- ensabstimmung hatte er Journalisten ge- leichterungen wie auch Verbesserungen im sagt, dass eine parlamentarische Debatte Bildungs- und Gesundheitsbereich beinhal- über ein mögliches Amnestiegesetz ange- ten. Bereits bei der zweiten Kabinettssit- messen sei. Einer solchen Initiative erteilte zung beschloss die Regierung u.a. die Stei- Präsident Klaus Iohannis am 6. Januar im gerung des Mindestlohns um 16 Prozent Rahmen der konstituierenden Sitzung des (zum 1. Februar), der Renten um 9 Prozent neu gewählten Obersten Rates der Magist- (zum 1. Juli) und der staatlichen Stipendien ratur (Selbstverwaltungsgremium der Jus- für Studenten von 83 auf 201 Lei (umge- tiz) eine öffentliche Absage. „Ein solches rechnet 45 Euro). Zumindest kurzfristig Vorhaben (…) wäre eine Katastrophe für die dürfte sich dadurch die neue Regierung ein rumänische Demokratie“ und würde von Po- hohes Maß an Unterstützung in der Bevölke- litikern begrüßt, die strafrechtlich verfolgt rung gesichert haben. Ob aber sämtliche 3 Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Wahlversprechen bei gleichzeitiger Einhal- tung der Drei-Prozent-Grenze für das BIP RUMÄNIEN umzusetzen sind, wird sich erst in den ANDREI AVRAM kommenden Monaten zeigen. HANS MARTIN SIEG Januar 2017 www.kas.de/bukarest .
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