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Harvard Asia Quarterly Autumn 2001 1 HAQ CONTENTS Harvard Asia Quarterly Autumn 2001 1 HAQ CONTENTS HAQ Editorial Staff Editor in Chief Wai-Yin Alice Yu 4 Asian Perspectives on September 11 Harvard Law School Executive Editor China Ilya Garger Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 4 Jaime FlorCruz Managing Editor China’s Mixed Messages Cindy Zhou Is America’s Friend in Need a Friend Indeed? Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 6 Alastair Iain Johnston Production Editor The Pros and Cons of Cooperation Lisa Thomas Chung Harvard Graduate School of Design Beijing Weighs Its Options Photography Editor South Asia Lisa Thomas Chung Harvard Graduate School of Design 9 Rahul Sagar Of Hydra-Headed Demons Web Editor Matthias Lind The Indo-US Relationship Takes Yet Another Turn Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Southeast Asia Area Editors Sharri Clark, Central Asia 13 Kim Beng Phar Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Militant Semantics Caroline Cooper, China Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The Need for a Common Charter on Jihad Rebecca Culley, China Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Japan James Lee, Korea Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 16 Kenichi Asano Emily Parker, Japan Japan and America’s War Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Rahul Sagar, South Asia The LDP’s Hawks See a Golden Opportunity Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 17 Kazuyuki Katayama Sujata Barai, South Asia Harvard Law School A View from the Japanese Embassy Jin Pao, Southeast Asia Harvard Law School Afghanistan Associate Editors 19 Mary MacMakin Harvard Law School Collateral Benefits Melody Chu Ben Wilkins Women and War in Afghanistan Wei Zhou Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Sharon Chen Jay Fann Holly Gayley Julianna Lee 21 Four Expert Opinions on Terrorism’s Aftermath Harvard Divinity School Seong Lee 21 Interview with Jessica Stern Harvard Asia Quarterly Publishing Jihad International, Inc. Board 24 Ziauddin Sardar Virginia Harper-Ho Harvard Law School Critical Muslims Victor Shih Islam Must Stand Up to Itself Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 27 Interview with Stephen Cohen Harvard Asia Quarterly Problem Solving Faculty Advisory Board 31 Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu Professor W.P. Alford Harvard Law School New Paradigm, Old Tactics Dean David Smith Some Thoughts on Coalition Building Harvard Law School Professor Hue-Tam Ho Tai Faculty of Arts and Sciences Professor Ezra Vogel Faculty of Arts and Sciences Professor Shang-Jin Wei Kennedy School of Government Harvard Asia Quarterly 2 Autumn 2001 Volume V, No. 4. Autumn 2001 HARVARD ASIA QUARTERLY is a student publication affiliated with the Harvard Asia Cen- ter. HAQ was established in 1997 by mem- bers of the Harvard Asia Law Society in con- junction with students from other graduate and professional programs at Harvard University as 34 Looking for God in the Streets of Seoul an interdisciplinary journal of Asian affairs. The Resurgence of Religion in 20th-Century Korea LETTERS Don Baker HAQ welcomes readers’ letters and comments. HAQ reserves the right to decline to print or to Although modernization and urbanization led to a decline in religious participation edit correspondence for length and format. in most developed nations, Don Baker argues that these forces had the opposite Letters should be addressed to the editor and effect in Korea. Based on strong statistical evidence, Baker posits that because submitted to the address below, or sent to: [email protected]. religious affiliation was associated with modernity, the ranks of the faithful swelled instead of declined as Korea become one of Asia’s industrial giants. SUBMISSIONS HAQ invites the submission of unsolicited ar- ticles and essays to be considered for publica- tion. Submissions should address matters of contemporary concern to Asia in the following 40 Reunification in the Balance or related fields: political science; law; eco- nomics; business and finance; social criticism; Korea’s Need for A Continued US Alliance international relations; design; and the arts. Suk-woo Kim Submissions should be delivered in hard copy The former South Korean Vice-minister of Unification presents his vision of a unified and in electronic form via email. All submis- sions materials become the property of HAQ. Korea with a continued US military presence. In contrast to the nationalism commonly HAQ reserves the right to reject submissions evoked by the prospect of reunification, Kim insists that a pragmatic approach to and to edit materials for length, format and the issue is the key to national and regional stability. content. To receive HAQ Editorial Guidelines, submissions schedules, or additional informa- tion, please contact HAQ at the address be- low, or visit our website at www.haqonline.org. Electronic submissions or inquiries should be sent to the following email address: 43 All Systems Ready? [email protected] China’s Institutions and the WTO Countdown SUBSCRIPTIONS HAQ Editors Annual subscriptions to HAQ are available at a rate of $28.00 (individual subscribers) and $35.00 (institutional subscribers) for four issues delivered in the United States and $45.00 for deliveries elsewhere. For more information, 44 The Chinese Banking Sector: please contact HAQ or your academic peri- Current Conditions and Future Prospects odical subscription service. Subscriptions are available online at our website: Victor Shih www.haqonline.org China’s banking system, burdened by nonperforming loans and state intervention, faces many obstacles to genuine reform. Victor Shih examines the banking industry sector by sector, and argues that the government’s de- Please address all correspondence to: pendence on banks as political tools may result in a financial crisis. Harvard Asia Quarterly c/o Harvard Asia Center 1737 Cambridge Street Cambridge, MA 02138 54 Is China’s Judiciary Ready for WTO Entry? USA Fax: (617) 495-9976 Qingjiang Kong www.haqonline.org Qingjiang Kong identifies five main weaknesses in China’s judicial system email: [email protected] which may cause problems in its integration into the WTO. He evaluates steps taken by China so far in reforming its legal system to meet WTO require ments, but concludes that deeper structural changes need to occur before Credits: China can become a successful member of the WTO. Cover Design by Lisa Thomas Chung Photo credits: Edwin Chung (cover, p.12); PARSA website (p.19-20); Min-Chang Lee (p.35); www.lifeinkorea.com (p.38, 41). 60 Asian Studies Events at Harvard, Autumn 2001 No material appearing in this publication may be reproduced without the permission of the publisher. The opinions expressed in this pub- lication are those of the contributors and are not necessarily shared by the editors or pub- lishers. All statements of fact and opinion rep- resent the work of the author, who remains solely responsible for the content. All editorial rights reserved. Copyright © 2001 by the President and Fel- lows of Harvard College. (ISSN 1522-4147). Harvard Asia Quarterly Autumn 2001 3 ASIAN PERSPECTIVES ON SEPTEMBER 11 CHINA CHINA’S MIXED MESSAGES IS AMERICA’S FRIEND IN NEED A FRIEND INDEED? BY JAIME FLORCRUZ n Beijing’s cyber-cafes, people click into websites and join chat- rooms where sympathy for America mixes with anti-US sentiment. Jaime FlorCruz has been CNN Beiing bureau chief IShrill anti-American postings stand out. “Heroes, brave men who since July 2001. Originally from the Philippines, liberated the world,” one posting hails the terrorists who attacked New he has lived, studied and worked in China since 1971. He joined the TIME magazine Beijing bureau York and Washington. “America under attack – it deserved it!” taunts in 1982 and served as Beijing bureau chief from another. 1990 to 2000. FlorCruz has also served two terms These are extremist voices of a small minority, but the love-hate as president of the Foreign Correspondents’ Club ambivalence reverberates in living rooms, restaurants and even on of China and is the co-author of Massacre at Beijing (1989), a book about the crackdown in Tiananmen Beijing’s campuses. “Terrorism is wrong but I personally think this was Square. a lesson for the United States,” says a Peking University student. “From now on, the US won’t be so arrogant and reckless.” Voices like these complicate China’s ability to actively join the US- led campaign against terrorism. When the US began its military attacks on terrorist groups in Afghanistan on October 7, Beijing’s response was equivocal, unlike the unqualified support that came from London, Paris and Moscow. A Foreign Ministry spokesman reiterated that China “opposes terrorism of any form” but hopes that “military strikes on terrorism should be targeted at specific objectives so as to avoid hurting innocent civilians.” To be sure, Beijing is keen to join the anti-terrorism chorus and earn international brownie points. Using diplomatic channels, the media, and even telephone hotlines, no less than President Jiang Zemin has conveyed sympathy to President George Bush and pledged to support the anti- terrorism campaign. Beijing hopes that by doing so, it can show itself to be a responsible member of the community of nations. Nevertheless, President Jiang is hard-pressed to match platitudes with concrete deeds. The US retaliatory strikes against Osama bin Laden and the Taliban government in Afghanistan put Beijing in an awkward position for two reasons. China has been a self-styled champion of the militant Arab cause; they do not wish to offend the Arabs for fear of losing their political and diplomatic support, or inciting them to stir up ethnic unrest in China’s backyard. Beijing is also averse to foreign intervention, since opposition to “interference in other countries’ internal affairs” is a hallowed foreign policy principle. It does not want to set a precedent that could haunt the CCP in its dealings with Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang. Put simply, China does not wish to see Western powers directly involved if and when a crisis arises in any of these trouble spots.
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