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Bedig's CD Project LES DOCUMENTS THE ARMENIAN LES ARCHIVES GENOCIDE In the process of Habsburg, Ottoman, and Russian imperial collapse, spanning roughly the decade 1912–23, millions of soldiers were killed in regular wars. But hundreds of thousands of unarmed civilians were also victimized as a result of expulsions, pogroms, and other forms of persecution and mass violence. The Balkan Wars of 1912–13 erased the Ottoman Empire from the Balkans and marked a devastating blow to Ottoman political culture. During the First World War, the Young Turk dictatorship (Committee of Union and Progress, CUP) or- ganized the destruction of approximately a million Anatolian Armenians. […] The Armenian genocide was a major part of this wider crisis of state and nation in the Near East. It developed out of several phases of radicalization. The first phase was the threat of invasion by the British in the west and the Russians in the east. It is no exaggeration to state that the effect of these threats on the Young Turk political elite was nothing short of apocalyptic. They fuelled a fear of their own disappearance and also spurred persecutions in the winter of 1914–15, when – for example – all Armenian civil servants were dismissed from their positions. The second phase developed out of the mistaken fear of an or- ganized Armenian insurrection, which reached boiling point when Allied forces launched the Gallipoli campaign on the night of 24 April 1915. That same night Talaat Pasha ordered the arrest of the Armenian elites of the entire Ottoman Empire. In Istanbul some 270 Armenian clergymen, physicians, editors, jour- nalists, lawyers, teachers, and politicians were rounded up and deported to the interior, where most were murdered. Other provinces followed. This effec- tively decapitated a community. A third phase followed, when the regime or- chestrated the murder of Armenian men and ordered the general deportation of the community’s remnant to the Syrian desert. Recent research has demon- strated how, despite provincial differentiation, the end result was remarkably uniform and cost the lives of about a million Armenians. What made the mas- sacres genocidal is that the killings targeted the abstract category of group identity, in that all Armenians, loyal or disloyal, were deported and massacred. By the end of the war, the approximately 2900 Anatolian Armenian settle- ments (villages, towns, neighbourhoods) were depopulated and the majority of the inhabitants dead. Uğur Ümit Üngör (historian), “Orphans, Converts, and Prostitutes: Social Consequences of War and Persecution in the Ottoman Empire, 1914–1923.” War in History, 19(2), Sage Publications (2012), pp. 173-178. DOCUMENTS DESCRIPTION IN ARCHIVES DU PROJET L’année 2015 marque le centième anniversaire du Génocide Arménien, un géno- cide reconnu internationalement, qui a mis fin à plus de 1.5 millions de vies ar- méniennes. Pour commémorer cette tragédie et apporter de l’attention à la cause, le compositeur Petros Shoujounian nous fait découvrir ses œuvres, qua- tre quatuors à cordes, tous basés sur des chants religieux arméniens. Shou- jounian modifie le rythme des chants, mais les émotions transmises restent les mêmes – intensité, simplicité, solitude, joie et tristesse. La polyphonie est à la base de cette musique, ce qui permet une expression maximale. Chaque œuvre a quatre mouvements, chacun portant le nom d’une rivière ar- ménienne. Cette symbolique est voulue, car l’eau est nécessaire à la vie et les rivières sont les veines du pays. Par conséquent, le message a deux sens : pri- ons pour la vie que nous avons et continuons d’avancer et de créer. Avec ce bouquet musical, M. Shoujounian ajoute deux quatuors qu’il a composés en 1980 et en 1985, car il les croit tout-à-fait appropriés pour ce projet. Ces deux pièces portent également le nom de rivières arméniennes. • Quatuor à cordes No. 1 : Arax – Composé en 1980 • Quatuor à cordes No. 2 : Kour – Composé en 1985 • Quatuor à cordes No. 3 : Debed, Arpa, Dzoraget – Composé en 2013 • Quatuor à cordes No. 4 : Hrazdan, Voghdji, Azat – Composé en 2013 • Quatuor à cordes No. 5 : Vorotan, Pambak, Kasagh – Composé en 2013 • Quatuor à cordes No. 6 : Akhourian, Aghstev, Vedi, Getik, Argishti – Composé en 2013 EXILE OF THE DESCRIPTION OF ARMENIANS THE PROJECT The year 2015 marks the hundredth anniversary of the Armenian Genocide. An internationally recognized genocide, this grim part of history was the cause of the loss of over 1.5 million Armenian lives. To commemorate the lost and to raise awareness, composer Petros Shoujounian brings forth four string quar- tets, all of which are based on religious Armenian chants from the 10th to 12th centuries. These chants are transformed rhythmically, but the original emo- tions they convey – intensity, simplicity, loneliness, brightness, sadness – are all still present. Polyphony is at the base of this music, its incorporation allowing for optimum expression. Each quartet has three or four movements, with each movement named after an Armenian river. This is symbolic because water is essential to life and rivers are the veins of life running through the land. So, the message here is twofold: let us pray for the life that we have, and let us go forward to create more. In this musical bouquet, Mr. Shoujounian is adding two quartets that he had com- posed in 1980 and 1985, which he feels are completely appropriate to the proj- ect. They are both also titled with river names and further embellish the other quartets. • String Quartet no. 1: Arax – Composed 1980 • String Quartet no. 2: Kour – Composed 1985 • String Quartet no. 3: Debed, Arpa, Dzoraget – Composed 2013 • String Quartet no. 4: Hrazdan, Voghdji, Azat – Composed 2013 • String Quartet no. 5: Vorotan, Pambak, Kasagh – Composed 2013 • String Quartet no. 6: Akhourian, Aghstev, Vedi, Getik, Argishti – Composed 2013 LES DOCUMENTS PETROS LES ARCHIVES SHOUJOUNIAN Petros Shoujounian est né à Gumri, en Arménie. Il s’initie à la musique à l’école de musique Komitas à Gumri en prenant des cours de violon. Il fait ses pre- miers essais en composition dès l’âge de 12 ans et poursuit ses études en com- position et violon au Collège de Musique Kara Mourza de Gumri, ayant pour professeur Mme Azat Shishian. En 1976, il émigre au Canada, où il poursuit ses études en composition au Conservatoire de Musique du Québec à Montréal, dans la classe du compositeur de renommée internationale, Gilles Tremblay. Fasciné par l’inspiration profonde de son jeune élève pour la riche musique ar- ménienne, Gilles Tremblay lui prédit un avenir prometteur en tant que com- positeur. Après avoir terminé sa Maîtrise en Composition musicale en 1982, Petros Shoujounian couronne ses études avec le deuxième prix en composi- tion, en présentant au public montréalais son poème symphonique “Ararat” (SATB, trois solistes, grand orchestre, piano, orgue, ondes Martenot). Petros Shoujounian est compositeur agréé du CMC (Centre de Musique Cana- dienne) depuis 1985. Il est également membre de la LCC (Ligue Canadienne des Compositeurs), de la SOCAN (Société canadienne des auteurs, composi- teurs et éditeurs de musique) et de la SODRAC (Société de droit de reproduc- tion des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs au Canada). Ses œuvres ont été jouées par des orchestres canadiens, diffusées par Radio-Canada et enre- gistrées et publiées sur CD avec SNE, Radio Canada, Edition Doberman, etc. Petros Shoujounian s’inspire beaucoup des chants folkloriques arméniens et de la musique profonde de la liturgie arménienne. Dans son parcours en tant que musicien-compositeur, outre la composition, Petros Shoujounian a fait différentes contributions à la vie musicale de la métropole du Québec. De 1987 à 1988, il a travaillé comme Assistant Artistique au Festival International d’Opéra de Montréal, de 1988 à 1990, comme Gérant du personnel de l’Orchestre Métropolitain de Montréal et de 1990 à 1992, comme Coordonnateur Musical au Festival de Musique d’Orford. Sa contribu- tion est tout aussi grande au sein de la communauté arménienne. Il a dirigé les chorales “Alemshah” de l’Église arménienne catholique Notre-Dame de Nareg (1985-1996) et “Knar” de l’Association culturelle arménienne “Hamazkaïn” (1976-1991). À présent, Petros Shoujounian enseigne le violon et le piano, et continue à promouvoir la musique ancienne et contemporaine dans la société canadienne à travers ses œuvres et différents évènements qu’il crée pour faire des échanges musicaux entres des groupes canadiens et étrangers. www. musicaunica.com SoN œUVre: DOCUMENTS Musique pour orchestre, Chœur et Solistes: Ararat (1982): poème symphonique (Orchestre Symphonique du Conservatoire IN ARCHIVES de Musique du Québec à Montréal, direction: Louis Lavigueur, Église Notre-Dame de Montréal). Akh Tamar (1983): basson et 16 instruments (Bruce Bower. direc- tion: Raffi Armenian. Radio-Canada.) Trois Miniatures (1984): orchestre à cordes (“I Musici” de Montréal, direction: Yuli Turovsky, Évènements du Neuf). Rhap- sodie pour violoncelle et orchestre (1985). Suite concertante Sayat Nova (1988): clavier (marimba, vibraphone et xylophone) et orchestre (Marie-Josée Simard et Orchestre Symphonique de Laval, direction: Paul-André Boivin. Salle André-Math- ieu, Laval. Reprise par Orchestres Symphoniques de Kitchener et d’Edmonton). La Terre chante (1991): soprano et grand orchestre. Concerto (1996) pour violon- celle et orchestre (Christine Newland (violoncelle) et Orchestre de London, direc- tion: Marc Layock, Centennial Hall, London, Ontario). Oratorio Sourp Khatch (2001): trois solistes, chœur et orchestre, (Aline Kutan (soprano), Allyson Mc- Hardy (mezzo), Joseph Kaiser (baritone),”The Elmer Iseler Singers” et “Sinfo- nia”de Toronto, direction: Nurhan Arman, St-Michael’s Cathedral, Toronto). Komitasin (2010): orchestre de chambre, chœur et deux solistes (Sasha Djihanian (soprano), Varoujan Margarian (ténor), “Viva Voce”, direction: Peter Schu- bert, Christ Church Cathedral, Montréal). Musique de chambre: Suite pour violon (1974). Les pistes des jours (1978): piano (Pierre Jasmin, Radio- Canada). Horovel (1979): clarinette (Jean-Guy Boisvert, Radio-Canada). Arax (1980): quatuor à cordes (quatuor “Mornes”, Adolfo Bernstein (1e violine), Église Du Gesu, Montréal).
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