Tesis Ferdinando Publicar 2004

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Tesis Ferdinando Publicar 2004 Propuesta de un modelo organizacional para la gestión socio-ambiental del fuego en los Distritos de Paquera, Lepanto y Cóbano Ferdinando Didonna Puntarenas, Costa Rica Autor Ferdinando Didonna Tesis presentada en el 2004 como requisito parcial para optar al posgrado de Magister Scientiae en Extensión Agrícola, mención en Desarrollo Rural. Programa de Maestría en Extensión Agrícola, Escuela de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) de Costa Rica. Fundación Instituto Internacional de Liderazgo en Desarrollo Local Fundación ILIDES Teléfono: (506) 382-1202 Telefax: (506) 262-8758 Apartado: 1946-1100, Costa Rica E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Sitio web: Http://www.ilides.org Editorial del Norte Teléfono: (506) 392-7381 Fax: (506) 240-1475 Apartado postal: 1946-1100 Costa Rica E-mail: [email protected] Colección: Desarrollo de base La publicación de esta obra fue aprobada por la Delegación Ejecutiva de la Fundación ILIDES, en mayo del 2004. Impresa en formato PDF en noviembre del 2004. La Fundación ILIDES permite la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra para fines académicos y de capacitación en acciones de desarrollo de base. Siempre se debe mencionar tanto al autor como a la Fundación ILIDES y se debe enviar un mensaje electrónico a [email protected] indicando los fines para los que se utilizó, así como la cantidad de personas beneficiadas y el lugar o lugares donde se utiliza. © Fundación ILIDES © Editorial del Norte 2 Índice de contenidos Índice de contenidos ........................................................................................................................ 3 Índice de figuras .............................................................................................................................. 5 Índice de cuadros ............................................................................................................................. 6 Lista de abreviaturas ........................................................................................................................ 8 Resumen.......................................................................................................................................... 9 Abstract.......................................................................................................................................... 10 CAPÍTULO 1: El problema y su importancia ............................................................................... 11 1.1 Antecedentes..................................................................................................................... 11 1.1.1 La problemática nacional........................................................................................... 11 1.1.2 La problemática en la región PALECO..................................................................... 13 1.2 Definición del problema ................................................................................................... 14 1.3 Justificación...................................................................................................................... 14 1.4 Formulación de interrogantes ........................................................................................... 16 1.5 Definición de objetivos..................................................................................................... 18 1.5.1 Objetivo general......................................................................................................... 18 1.5.2 Objetivos específicos ................................................................................................. 18 1.6 Alcances de la investigación............................................................................................ 19 1.6.1 Proyecciones..................................................................................................................... 19 1.6.2 Limitaciones..................................................................................................................... 19 CAPÍTULO 2: Marco Teórico....................................................................................................... 20 2.1 Características biofísicas y socio-agroambientales.......................................................... 20 2.1.1 Realidad biofísica de la región PALECO.................................................................. 20 2.1.1.1 Geografía.........................................................................................................20 2.1.1.2 Características climáticas e hidrográficas.......................................................22 2.1.2 Características socioeconómicas de la región PALECO........................................... 24 2.1.2.1 Antecedentes históricos...................................................................................24 2.1.2.2 Vías de comunicación y servicios básicos ......................................................26 2.1.2.3 Características demográficas...........................................................................27 2.1.2.4 Características del territorio............................................................................29 2.1.2.5 Condición de las comunidades y actividad productiva ...................................31 2.1.3 Problemáticas Socio-ambientales .............................................................................. 38 2.2 Incendios en áreas rurales................................................................................................. 41 2.3 Incendios forestales en Costa Rica ................................................................................... 46 2.3.1 Incendios forestales en el área de estudio .................................................................. 52 2.4 Gestión socio-ambiental del fuego y desarrollo rural....................................................... 54 2.5 Modelos de manejo del bosque y gestión de los incendios.............................................. 56 CAPÍTULO 3: Marco Metodológico............................................................................................. 58 3.1 Tipo de investigación....................................................................................................... 58 3.2 Revisión de la información y fuentes ............................................................................... 59 3.3 Triangulación.................................................................................................................... 60 3.4 Contexto de observación.................................................................................................. 60 3 3.5 Estrategia de recolección de datos.................................................................................... 61 3.6 Procedimientos para la recopilación y el análisis de la información................................ 62 3.6.1 Giras de documentación visual y entrevistas............................................................. 63 3.6.2 Taller al aire libre....................................................................................................... 64 CAPÍTULO 4: Resultados............................................................................................................. 65 4.1 Los actores de la gestión ambiental del fuego a escala local. .......................................... 65 4.2 Acciones reales y potenciales en la gestión del fuego.................................................... 117 4.2.1 Las acciones de ASEPALECO....................................................................................... 117 4.2.2 Las acciones potenciales................................................................................................. 122 4.3 Los resultados en la dimensión ambiental y social en PALECO................................... 126 4.4 El modelo de la gestión socio-ambiental del fuego........................................................ 134 4.5 Conclusiones y Recomendaciones ................................................................................. 143 Bibliografía .................................................................................................................................. 145 Bibliografía citada.................................................................................................................... 145 Bibliografía consultada ............................................................................................................ 147 Anexos ......................................................................................................................................... 149 Anexo 1: Listas de los bomberos voluntarios en PALECO..................................................... 149 Anexo 2: Esquema para las entrevistas semiestructurada........................................................ 155 Anexo 3: Trascripción integral de entrevistas a expertos del 22 de junio 2003, en ocasión del Día Mundial del Ambiente, Playa Blanca de Paquera. ............................................................ 156 Anexo 4: "REGLAMENTO PARA QUEMAS CONTROLADAS CON FINES AGRÍCOLAS Y PECUARIOS". ..................................................................................................................... 166 Anexo 5: Esquema de cooperación comunitaria...................................................................... 169 Anexo 6: Lista comunidades PALECO:.................................................................................
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