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Diplôme National De Master Diplôme national de master Domaine - Sciences humaines et sociales Mention – Histoire civilisations patrimoine Juin 2017 Juin / Spécialité- Cultures de l’écrit et de l’image CEI Chroniques et controverses autour des imaginaires individuels et collectifs des XVIIIe-XIXe siècles : Une étude du mythe vampirique de la réalité à la fiction, des Dissertations sur les apparitions des anges, des démons et des esprits, et sur les revenants et vampires de Hongrie, de Mémoire de master 1 master de Mémoire Bohême, de Moravie et de Silésie du révérend père Dom Augustin Calmet au roman Dracula de Bram Stoker (1746- 1897). P Anne-Charlotte Pivot Sous la direction de Philippe Martin Professeur d’histoire moderne à l’Université Lumière Lyon 2, co-directeur du master Cultures de l’écrit et de l’image (CEI) PIVOT Anne-Charlotte | Master 1 CEI | Mémoire de recherche | Juin 2017 - 2 - Droits d’auteur réservés. Remerciements Je remercie, en premier lieu, mon directeur de mémoire, Monsieur Philippe Martin, pour avoir contribué à l’aboutissement de mon travail de recherche et pour ses conseils avisés. Mes remerciements vont également à Madame Fabienne Henryot pour la valeur propédeutique de ses enseignements et à Monsieur Dominique Varry pour son introduction aux métiers du livre et de l’imprimerie. Toute ma gratitude au personnel du fonds ancien de la Bibliothèque Municipale de Lyon, aux bibliothécaires de l’ENSSIB et de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France pour leur disponibilité et leur professionnalisme. Merci à Benjamin Liot, pour son soutien et sa bienveillance à mon égard. Merci à Gaëtan, Noémie, Lana, Julien, Manon et Justine pour leur aménité et leur présence à mes côtés. Merci à ma famille, et en particulier ma mère Isabelle, et ma grand-mère, Irma, pour leur contribution à la finalisation de mes recherches. PIVOT Anne-Charlotte | Master 1 CEI | Mémoire de recherche | Juin 2017 - 3 - Droits d’auteur réservés. Résumé : Aux linéaments du XVIIIe siècle, le phénomène sui generis du vampire défraie la chronique. Demeurant sans précédent dans l’histoire de l’humanité, l’hématophage venu de l’est s’affranchit des imaginaires antiques et bibliques au profit de la rémanence des croyances folkloriques et des superstitions balkaniques. Colportées par les faits divers de la presse périodique, les affaires de vampirisme attisent la curiosité du Révérend-Père Dom Augustin Calmet qui leur consacre une somme herméneutique. Immortalisé par ses détracteurs, le mythe du vampire se métamorphose à l’orée du XIXe siècle en pénétrant dans le champ de la fiction. Somme toute, et à dater de l’apparition du « genre fantastique », le vampire mythique de la superstition fait place à l’archétype de la fiction. Descripteurs : Vampire Ŕ Presse périodique Ŕ Folklore Ŕ Dom Augustin Calmet (1672-1757) Ŕ Littérature fantastique Ŕ Archétype Ŕ Dracula Ŕ Bram Stoker (1847-1912). Abstract : In lineaments of the XVIIIth century, the phenomenon sui generis of the vampire makes the news. Remaining unprecedented in the history of the humanity, the bloodsucking come east frees itself from antique and biblical imagination for the benefit of the persistence of the folk faiths and from the Balkan superstitions. Hawked by the news items of the periodical press, the affairs of vampirism instigates the curiosity of Reverend-father Dom Augustin Calmet which dedicates them a hermeneutic sum. Immortalized by his detractors, the myth of the vampire metamorphoses in the edge of the XIXth century by penetrating into the field of the fiction. In conclusion, and as from the appearance of the " fantastic kind ", the mythical vampire of the superstition gives way to the archetype of the fiction. Keywords : Vampire - Periodical press - Folklore - Dom Augustin Calmet (1672-1757) - fantastic Literature - Archetype - Dracula - Bram Stoker (1847-1912). PIVOT Anne-Charlotte | Master 1 CEI | Mémoire de recherche | Juin 2017 - 4 - Droits d’auteur réservés. Droits d’auteurs Droits d’auteur réservés. Toute reproduction sans accord exprès de l’auteur à des fins autres que strictement personnelles est prohibée. OU Cette création est mise à disposition selon le Contrat : « Paternité-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale-Pas de Modification 4.0 France » disponible en ligne http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.frou par courrier postal à Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA. PIVOT Anne-Charlotte | Master 1 CEI | Mémoire de recherche | Juin 2017 - 5 - Droits d’auteur réservés. Sommaire INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 13 PARTIE I : ETREINDRE L'INCANDESCENCE DES TENEBRES : DE LA « MALEMORT » AUX REVENANTS EN CORPS ........................................ 19 I. A la poursuite des émissaires du mal : Le Diable, la Sorcière, le Vampire. 19 A. Du « Mal inconscient » au « Malinconscient » :........................................... 19 B. Le Diable et ses avatars : La Sorcière, ménechme de Béchard : ................... 26 C.Aux sources de la frénésie vampirique : L’évanescence des imaginaires méphistophéliques. ........................................................................................... 35 II. De la monstruosité de la mort à la monstruosité du « corps-mort » :38 A. Le calvaire des mourants : ........................................................................... 38 B. Dans les coulisses du temps qui passe, le postscenium du temps qui trépasse : ......................................................................................................................... 41 C. Le vampire en filigrane : Des corps mastiquants aux cadavres ambulants : . 44 III. AUX ORIGINES DU MYTHE DU VAMPIRE (XVIIE-XVIIIE SIECLES) : ........................................................................................................................ 51 A. Le vampire : De la croyance collective aux récits populaires : ...................... 51 B. Le temps des enquêtes officielles (1706-1732) : ............................................ 59 C. Vers une Europe de l’information : La « presse périodique » et le marché du « fait divers » :..................................................................................................... 63 PARTIE II : CHRONIQUES ET CONTROVERSES AUTOUR DE LA FIGURE DU VAMPIRE (XVIII-XIXE) .......................................................... 75 I. Dom Augustin Calmet et ses « Dissertations sur les apparitions des anges, des démons et des esprits, et sur les revenants et vampires de Hongrie, de Bohême, de Moravie et de Silésie » (1746) : ....................... 75 A. L’exemplarité singulière d’un historien de la Bible au parangon du métier d’historien : ...................................................................................................... 75 B. L’apport de la « Dissertation sur les revenants et les vampires de Hongrie, de Bohême, de Moravie, de Silésie » : ................................................................... 93 PIVOT Anne-Charlotte | Master 1 CEI | Mémoire de recherche | Juin 2017 - 7 - Droits d’auteur réservés. C. Postérité et intronisation de la compilation du Révérend-Père bénédictin du XVIIIe siècle à nos jours : ............................................................................... 100 II. Controverses et polémiques au « siècle des lumières » : ............................ 110 A. Les détracteurs du Traité des apparitions de Dom Augustin Calmet ........... 110 B. La diatribe de l’abbé Lenglet Du Fresnoy : ................................................. 114 C. L’abbé de Senones et ses fervents défenseurs : Dom Ildephonse Cathélinot et de Dom Fangé : ............................................................................................... 119 III. Vers une histoire medicale des criteres de la mort (XVIIe –XIXe siècles) : 122 A. L’exploration des manifestations organiques de la mort : ........................... 122 B. Les premiers rapports médicaux (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles) : ........................... 124 C. L’édification d’une « littérature médicale » au XIXe siècle :....................... 127 PARTIE III : DE L’HISTOIRE A LA FICTION ........................................... 132 I. L’évolution de la Croyance, de l’Incroyance et de la Superstition au XIXe siècle ............................................................................................. 132 A. Une offensive menée contre la Science : ..................................................... 132 B. L’exemple des premiers romans historiques : .............................................. 136 C. Les prémisses d’une littérature « vampirique ». .......................................... 146 II. Du réel au surnaturel : ..................................................................... 149 A. L’apparition fantastique : ........................................................................... 150 B. « L’Autre » et ses métamorphoses littéraires : ............................................. 155 C. Femmes mythiques, femmes bibliques, femmes vampiriques : Le démon au féminin : .......................................................................................................... 161 III. Du vampire de la superstition au vampire de la fiction :............... 182 A. De la dereliction du mythe a l’edification d’un archetype apotropaïque, l’exemple sui generis du roman Dracula de bram stoker : ............................... 183 B. Un état civil apocryphe pour Dracula : ....................................................... 188 C. Vers la constitution
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