Transilvania Din Cuvinte

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Transilvania Din Cuvinte TTrraannssiillvvaanniiaa ddiinn ccuuvviinnttee Antologie dedicată Centenarului Marii Uniri ediție online 1 Volum dedicat Centenarului Marii Uniri, editat de Uniunea Scriitorilor din România – Filiala Cluj. Copyright © Filiala Cluj a USR, 2020; autorii, 2020. © Irina Petraş, 2020 Responsabilitatea pentru textele cuprinse în volum cade întreagă în sarcina autorilor. Editura ŞCOALA ARDELEANĂ Cluj-Napoca, str. Mecanicilor nr. 48 Redacţia: tel 0364-117.252; 0728.084.801 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Difuzare: tel/fax 0364-117 246; 0728.084.803 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] www.scoalaardeleanacluj.ro ISBN 978-606-797-512-3 Editor: Vasile George DÂNCU Coperta: Laura POANTĂ Corectură şi tehnoredactare: Irina PETRAŞ Ediţia online reproduce întocmai ediţia tipărită în 2017. 2 TTrraannssiillvvaanniiaa ddiinn ccuuvviinnttee O antologie alcătuită de Irina Petraş CLUJ-NAPOCA, 2020 „Ardealul a reprezentat starea noastră de veghe […] pe planul spiritualităţii româneşti, centrul nostru naţional este în Transilvania, în acea «învăţată Transilvanie – spunea cândva Bălcescu –, azil vecinic al naţionalităţii române»“ Constantin Noica „Când se va scrie odată istoria vremurilor mari, ai căror contimporani suntem, se va releva desigur, ca o faptă de mare importanţă, înfiinţarea Universităţii româneşti din Cluj, în chiar pri- mul an al stăpânirei noastre în ţinuturile strămoşeşti dintre Carpaţi şi Tisa. Cei aleşi prin voinţa naţiunei în fruntea treburilor obşteşti […] n'au uitat de visul părinţilor şi moşilor noştri de a avea o Universitate românească în inima Ardealului. Ei şi-au dat în acelaşi timp seama că poporul nostru reînnoit are o înaltă misiune culturală în Europa centrală. Trebuia dar clădită chiar de la început înalta instituţie culturală cerută cu atâta stăruinţă de generaţiile trecute, în care să se dea o pregătire temeinică celor ce sunt meniţi să ridice şi să întărească frumoasa noastră ţară, câştigată cu atâtea jertfe sfinte de sânge”. Sextil Puşcariu (din Raportul la şedinţa inaugurală din 10 octombrie 1920) „…România nu poate fi întreagă fără Ardeal… Ardealul e leagănul care i-a ocrotit copilăria, e şcoala care i-a făurit neamul, e farmecul care i-a susţinut viaţa… Ardealul nu e numai inima României politice; priviţi harta: Ardealul e inima României geografice!…” N. Titulescu (Discursuri) „În înfăţişarea de ansamblu a noului stat român, această lume aduce netăgăduit un aspect de mulţime mai occidentală, exigenţe culturale mai pozitive, o concepţie mai largă a libertăţilor cetăţeneşti şi o educaţie mai veche a spiritului de datorie”. Octavian Goga (Reabilitarea Ardealului) „Eu socotesc că misiunea Transilvaniei este de a aduce în viaţa românească acea concepţie de seriozitate de care aceasta are aşa de multă nevoie”. Liviu Rebreanu „A fi ardelean înseamnă a duce un gând până la capăt”. Lucian Blaga „... Nu ne putem înţelege pe noi [românii] ca neam dacă nu înţelegem Ardealul”. Vasile Băncilă (Semnificaţia Ardealului) „Rădăcini istorice foarte adînci, împrejurări speciale, tot istorice, şi politice, sociale, etice, toate bine cunoscute, ne-au modelat cam aşa cum sîntem şi azi. Recunosc în spiritul ardelenesc moştenirea unei tenacităţi, orgoliul libertăţii parcimonios câştigate, un mai accentuat spirit de cetate (în ordinea claustrării chiar, dar şi a civilităţii, demnităţii, severităţii), un simţ constructiv - al ordinei deci, cu o specifică teamă de «aventură»". Mircea Zaciu (Ca o imensă scenă, Transilvania...) 4 Irina Petraş Tema transilvană Argument Transilvania din cuvinte e continuarea firească a Clujului din cuvinte, dar şi a Clujului din poveşti, a Clujului din legende, a Luminii din cuvinte, a albumului 100 de ani de viaţă literară românească… Toate, antologii pe care le-am gândit şi edi- tat din 2005 până astăzi (le puteţi răsfoi pe site-ul Filialei clujene: www.uniuneascriitorilor-filialacluj.ro, la secţiunea Editoriale). În 2015, Anul Luminii, mă întrebam dacă, în 2018, la Centenarul Marii Uniri, vom fi în stare să găsim cumpăna dreaptă, să exaltăm fâşia de lumină din fragmentele de istorie hărţuită ale acestui secol de existenţă? Să recompunem rotundul unui trecut ale cărui produse suntem, inevitabil şi iremediabil. Să ne procurăm, aşadar, un viitor. Avem un sprijin: limba română, cea care e, zice Eminescu, împărăteasă la ea acasă. Scriitorii vă pot fi călăuze. Transilvania din cuvinte e şi o propunere de medita- ţie. Om al locului şi al limbii române fiind eu, patriotismul mi se pare de la sine înţe- les, un sentiment şi o stare moştenite deodată cu deschiderea, curioasă şi implicată, spre toată „străinătatea”. Eşti român aşa cum alţii sunt englezi, chinezi ori… persani. Nu-i de laudă, nici de pus cenuşă în cap. Ţine de locul naşterii, de, mai ales, limba în care vorbeşti/gândeşti. Nu-i un dar anume şi nici blazon care să te scutească de în- datoririle de om al vremii tale. „Ruşinea de-a fi român” e o invenţie a ultimelor decenii. Circula, în anii ‛70, o anecdotă cu sensurile nu de tot exploatate: o ţărancă arde- leancă se află în tren, într-un compartiment; alături de ea, un tânăr cufundat în lectu- ră. „Grea carte mai citeşti, domnişor”, intră în vorbă femeia. Cu un accent străin, tână- rul îi spune că are examen curând, e student la medicină, la Cluj. „Da’ cum ţi-e nume- le”, insistă femeia. „Rodriguez”. „De unde eşti de loc?” „Din Paraguay”. „Aha”, zice, pe gânduri, femeia şi pune apoi întrebarea fundamentală: „De-al cui din Paraguay?” Nu inocenţă era la mijloc, şi nu coborâre a lumii la nivelul ritualurilor de comunicare din satul ei, deşi nici asta n-ar fi fost de ocară. Ea ştia că omul se defineşte prin mai multe apartenenţe concentrice, că este el, ca individ, are un nume, o profesiune, dar are şi un loc, un neam, o ţară. Este neapărat al cuiva şi e bine să se definească prin ai lui. Aş evoca aici şi o scenă din filmul din 1947 Jocurile sunt făcute, pe un scenariu sem- nat de Sartre. Acolo, cei morţi intră, pe o portiţă pitită într-o fundătură, în tărâmul celă- 5 lalt. Dar ei se pot plimba oricând, nevăzuţi, printre cei vii. Proaspăt locuitor al tărâmu- lui umbrelor, eroul vede, de pildă, un filfizon viu urmat de o suită de strămoşi nevăzuţi, indignaţi de cum le face de râs truda şi numele acest urmaş care i-a uitat. Şi vede şi strămoşi fericiţi că numele le este dus mai departe cu cinste. Nu contează aici subiec- tul, ci această imagine a responsabilităţii generaţiilor succesive. A datoriei subînţelese de a da prezenţă şi continuitate unor momente/figuri istorice, de a păstra activă şi vizibilă ţesătura pe temeiul căreia suntem şi înaintăm. Nu trăim într-un decor rece de mucava, ci într-un freamăt de trecut şi prezent. Putem descoperi pretutindeni urme care să ne îmbogăţească trecerea. Să-i dea un sens, un rost, o legitimare. Ideea Marii Uniri a devenit, din motive obscure, o idee extenuată. Anii interbelici au fost prea puţini şi prea neîndemânatici pentru o aşezare, iar internaţionalismul pro- letar nu i-a venit nicidecum în ajutor. Naţionalisme mai aspre, dar mereu mai abile în a-şi rosti diplomatic revendicările/drepturile au transformat naţionalismul românesc, pe nesimţite, în aberaţie (neapărat „comunistă”), în desuetă atitudine neconformă cu europenizarea şi cu globalizarea, în instrument utilizat în căutare de argument electo- ral. Aşa încerc să-mi explic faptul că descifrarea în spaţiul mioritic a orizonturilor in- conştientului care fac parte din „fiinţa şi substanţa noastră”, tentată de Blaga, a căzut în derizoriu. Faţă-n faţă cu non-locurile lumii contemporane, indiferente şi nerăbdă- toare, cu aglomerarea semnelor că rătăcim într-o lume ce pe nesimţite cade, am fi putut găsi în spaţiul mioritic un loc al nostru. Lucian Blaga ne oferea un nume – ar fi fost slujba noastră să-i construim o realitate. Societatea românească trece printr-o stranie criză identitară. Stranie, căci greu reperabilă în doze atât de acute şi de a-tipice la vreun alt neam. Naţional şi patriotic sunt, la noi, cuvinte de ocolit atunci când nu le ataci cu superioritate, în răspăr cu tot ce se întâmplă azi în lume. Atributele lumii contemporane – mondializare, globalizare, comunizare, masificare, internetizare – depersonalizează periculos, e adevărat, dar reconsiderări paşnice şi fireşti ale apartenenţei le ţin piept pretutindeni. Europa funcţi- onează ca un tot numai privită de la distanţă. De aproape, diferenţele au fost mereu puternice şi aşa vor rămâne o bună bucată de vreme. Orice uniformă creşte pofta de costume personalizate. Românismul e pentru români cauză, nu efect. Românii pun în seama românis- mului lor, pripit şi nediferenţiat, toate neîmplinirile, toate ororile. Pe acest fundal ne-isprăvit şi foarte critic, intervine iluzia rezolvării rapide, printr-o minune (fie ea în- tâmplare ori om, neapărat providenţiale!), a neîmplinirii româneşti. Andrei Pleşu are dreptate: „În baia de negativitate în care ne scăldăm zilnic, spiritul critic încetează să mai fie o virtute. Devine o boală […] A cultiva, fără încetare, spiritul critic e a te păstra, programatic, «în afară», a nu răspunde nici unei chemări, nici unei invitaţii.” Înseamnă să nu mai fii în stare să răspunzi „de-al cui eşti”. Numai un neam deloc împăcat cu propriul trecut poate cheltui atâta energie neagră pentru a demola tot ce-l înconjoară. Constat, de o bună bucată de vreme, o tot mai accentuată, mai diversă şi de o calitate în creştere manifestare a unui fenomen pe care l-am numit re-locuirea cultu- rală a Clujului, a oraşelor şi satelor României. Reîntoarcerea la actul cultural sub cele mai variate şi, uneori, surprinzătoare moduri e semn că românii au redescoperit cea 6 mai sigură, mai neîndoielnică şi mai înaltă cale de asumat şi consolidat identitatea naţională în chiar plin proces de aliniere la norme continentale şi mondiale: Cultura. * Am numit acest argument Tema transilvană cu gândul la Ştefan J. Fay (1919-2009) şi la mărturisirea lui emoţionantă: „Primul şi cel mai puternic atribut al apartenenţei la un neam ţine de cultura în care trăieşte omul.
Recommended publications
  • Revampings of Dracula in Contemporary Fiction
    Revampings of Dracula in Contemporary Fiction Margaret L Carter [Margaret L Carter, author of The Vampire in Literature: A Critical Bibliography and editor of Dracula: The Vampire and the Critics, has recently published Different Blood: The Vampire as Alien (www.xlibris.com/DifferentBlood.html).] Although Count Dracula is slain in the final pages of Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel, throughout the subsequent century he has enjoyed innumerable resurrections in film and literature. Many of these incarnations might be unrecognizable to Stoker as the character he created. Fictional treatments of Dracula, especially those that have appeared within the past thirty years, reflect changes in attitudes toward vampires in general. In contrast to the characterization of vampires in Stoker’s own fiction and that of his contemporaries, in recent decades various authors have rendered these “monsters” sympathetically. Earlier nineteenth-century works do contain a few hints of sympathy for their vampire characters. They inspire sympathy or attraction, however, despite their inhuman nature rather than because of it. They still must be destroyed. The eponymous monster in Varney the Vampyre (1847) displays remorse for his bloodthirsty past and finally commits suicide by leaping into a volcano. Carmilla, in J Sheridan Le Fanu’s novella (1872), presents herself initially as victim rather than predator, and the narrator, Laura, finds her attractive, yet Carmilla’s existence nevertheless ends in violent destruction. Nina Auerbach characterizes pre-Stoker vampires as “not demon lovers or snarling aliens ... but singular friends” in a literary period when “it was a privilege to walk with a vampire” (13). This “sinister, superior sharer” enjoys an “intimate intercourse with mortals,” even though a “dangerously close” one (13).
    [Show full text]
  • Gothic Genesis 6.5 MB
    Mythos #3 Winter, 2019 In the beginning…Bob created the Batman. But, Batman was battle against the evil forces of society…his identity remains un- unformed and unfinished. And so, Bob brought his new creation known.” 2 This was a basic detective murder mystery thriller, in to his writer-friend Bill, who looked upon Batman and pondered which Batman tracked down a corporate criminal named Alfred the potential and possibilities of what could be. Bill suggested Stryker, who schemed to murder his two partners in the Apex Majestic and grandiose are the two terms by which I would Batman truly was. Like the Dark Knight, his influential and some adjustments and alterations inspired by the bat motif, Chemical Corporation before he would have to buy them out. personally describe the remarkable talent of maestro scribe, inspiring work has been mantled in the mists of mystery and which Bob incorporated into Batman’s unique and uncanny In the climatic scene, Batman punched Stryker so powerfully Gardner Francis Fox. For the most part, his life, his vast myth since the genesis of the character. For Gardner was image. Bob and Bill looked upon their collaborative effort and that the blow caused him to break through the protective railing mind-boggling body of work, and perhaps most importantly right there, front and center from nearly the very beginning, behold, Batman was very good! Bob presented Batman to and fall into a tank of acid. Finger’s second effort in Detec- of all, his immeasurable influence upon the wild and wacky taking over the script writing duties from Bill Finger as early as DC Comics’ senior editor Vincent A.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Work
    PROJECT WORK Legacy of the Damned Late-Victorian Ideas of Religious and Racial Degeneration in Bram Stoker's Dracula Erik Fredriksson Bachelor of Arts English Luleå University of Technology Department of Arts, Communication and Education Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter one: Historical Background........................................................................................................ 3 Chapter two: Purity of Faith.................................................................................................................. 14 Chapter Three: Race.............................................................................................................................. 27 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 32 Works Cited ........................................................................................................................................... 34 1 Introduction Bram Stoker’s Dracula is a novel that brings up many issues that were relevant at the time of its writing. During the story of a group of friends who come into contact with a Transylvanian vampire, Stoker weaves in contemporary issues and developments in late-Victorian England. The book is a period piece in the horror genre. It deals with science, religion, feminism and technology and
    [Show full text]
  • TABLE of CONTENTS BACKGROUND 2 Tracking Down the Lost Hot Water Springs
    TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND 2 Tracking down the lost hot water springs......................... 10 Recent events ....................................................................... 2 ENDING THE SCENARIO ..................................................... 11 THE INVESTIGATORS ........................................................... 3 Blowing up the statue ......................................................... 11 Using the Romanian Contract as part of a campaign......... 3 Renegotiating the pact ........................................................ 11 DRAMATIS PERSONAE 3 Making a stand.................................................................... 11 Count Stefan Gabor ............................................................. 3 Escape ................................................................................. 12 Rozalia Gabor ....................................................................... 4 CONCLUSION ........................................................................ 12 LOCATION 4 Rewards ............................................................................... 12 EXPLORING THE VALLEY .................................................... 4 NON-PLAYER CHARACTERS AND MONSTERS 12 Vascre village ....................................................................... 5 Servants ............................................................................... 13 The Hotel site ....................................................................... 5 Villagers..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dracula's Truth Claim and Its Consequences
    Journal of Dracula Studies Volume 16 Number 1 Article 3 2014 Dracula's Truth Claim and Its Consequences Hans de Roos Follow this and additional works at: https://research.library.kutztown.edu/dracula-studies Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Film and Media Studies Commons Recommended Citation de Roos, Hans (2014) "Dracula's Truth Claim and Its Consequences," Journal of Dracula Studies: Vol. 16 : No. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://research.library.kutztown.edu/dracula-studies/vol16/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Research Commons at Kutztown University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Dracula Studies by an authorized editor of Research Commons at Kutztown University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dracula's Truth Claim and Its Consequences Cover Page Footnote Hans Corneel de Roos studied Political and Social Sciences in Amsterdam and Berlin. In 2012, he published The Ultimate Dracula. Together with Dacre Stoker, he wrote Dracula by Bram Stoker - The Travel Guide. He just finished his translation of Makt Myrkranna, the Icelandic version of Dracula, to English and German. This article is available in Journal of Dracula Studies: https://research.library.kutztown.edu/dracula-studies/vol16/ iss1/3 Dracula’s Truth Claim and Its Consequences Hans de Roos [Hans Corneel de Roos studied Political and Social Sciences in Amsterdam and Berlin. In 2012, he published The Ultimate Dracula. Together with Dacre Stoker, he wrote Dracula by Bram Stoker - The Travel Guide. He just finished his translation of Makt Myrkranna, the Icelandic version of Dracula, to English and German.] “Begin at the beginning," the King said gravely, "and go on till you come to the end: then stop.” Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland Although its name suggests otherwise, the preface of a book is usually written when all of its content has been completed.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction othic as we know it today is a term that is both hybrid and hybrid- Gising, simultaneously morphing to refer to an increasingly wider span of new cultural productions whilst also continuously expanding retrospectively to appropriate more materials from the past. Gothic as a genre has become more amorphous and difficult to contain. As Fred Botting has written: ‘The diffusion of Gothic forms and figures […] makes the definition of a homogenous generic category very difficult’ (Botting, 1996: 9). Though the first burgeoning of Gothic novels is easy to locate chronologi- cally, the Gothic leaches acquisitively backwards and forwards in time whilst also crossing generic borders. For example, David R. Castillo writes of Julián de Medrano’s La Silva Curiosa / The Strange Wood, published in 1583, nearly two centuries before the first commonly accepted date for the appearance of Gothic writing: ‘The story has all ingredients of a full-blown gothic fantasy: Faustian motives, visions of damnation, voices from the dead, restless corpses […] as is so often the case in classic gothic fiction beginning with Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto (1764), this is ultimately a story about the crushing weight of the past’ (Castillo, 2010: 69). If critics have started to note the proleptic nature of early modern literature in terms of anticipating the Gothic, theoret- ical descriptions of the ‘domestic Gothic’ of the 1860s onwards and the late Victorian Gothic of the 1890s have helped give weight to Richard J. Hand’s confident instatement of German Expressionism within the area of Gothic influence (Hand, 2013: 271). The primacy of Bram Stoker’s vampire novel for F.
    [Show full text]
  • VAMPIRES, WEREWOLVES, and OTHER MONSTERS Vamps Fm[Fof] Final Pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page Ii
    vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page i The Encyclopedia of VAMPIRES, WEREWOLVES, and OTHER MONSTERS vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page ii The Encyclopedia of VAMPIRES, WEREWOLVES, and OTHER MONSTERS Rosemary Ellen Guiley FOREWORD BY Jeanne Keyes Youngson, President and Founder of the Vampire Empire The Encyclopedia of Vampires, Werewolves, and Other Monsters Copyright © 2005 by Visionary Living, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guiley, Rosemary. The encyclopedia of vampires, werewolves, and other monsters / Rosemary Ellen Guiley. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4684-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-4381-3001-9 (e-book) 1. Vampires—Encyclopedias. 2. Werewolves—Encyclopedias. 3. Monsters—Encyclopedias. I. Title. BF1556.G86 2004 133.4’23—dc22 2003026592 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Reading the Vampire from John Polidon to Anne Rice: Structures of Lmpossibility Among Three Narrative Variations in the Vampinc Tradition
    Re-Reading the Vampire from John Polidon to Anne Rice: Structures of lmpossibility Among Three Narrative Variations in the Vampinc Tradition PETER LEONARD PAOLUCCI A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in partial fuifiliment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in English York University Toronto, Ontario Apnl, 2000 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, nie Wellington Ottawa ON KlA ON4 Ottawa ON KI A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Voire réfé,ence Our file Noire refdrence The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfom, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fïlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otheMrise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author7s ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Re-Reading the Vampire from John Polidori to Anne Rice: Structures of Impossibility Among Three Narrative Variations in the Vampiric Tradition by PETER LEONARD PAOLUCCI a dissertation subrnitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of York University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY O 2000 Permission has been granted to the LIBRARY OF YORK UNIVERSITY to lend or set1 copies of this dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Dracula – Youth Without Age and Life Without Death
    Issue no. 16 JOURNAL OF ROMANIAN LITERARY STUDIES 2019 DRACULA – YOUTH WITHOUT AGE AND LIFE WITHOUT DEATH Carmen-Liliana Maruntelu Assoc. Prof. PhD., „Ovidius” University of Constanța Abstract:We have got used to seeing Dracula as a bloodthirsty vampire, a creature of night and darkness, the embodiment of the devil. This myth is built on some poor knowledge of occult myths and symbols (by occult we mean hidden and not evil because not everything that is hidden is also evil). We do not intend here to dismantle Dracula's archetypal image but we just want to draw attention to the fact that the myth has other deviations. Keywords: Dracula, myth, archetype, Dacia, immortal The historical character Vlad Ţepeş descends from the dynasty founded by Basarab I (1310 - 1354),the first prince of Wallachia. As the Ottoman expansion had already reached the Danube at the end of the XIVth century, and the only states separating Hungary from the Ottoman Empire were Serbia, Bosnia and Wallachia, the Hungarian king, Sigismund I of Luxembourg (1387-1437), attempted to bring these states under its suzerainty to strengthen its southern border. Thus, in 1408, he founded the Dragon Order, one of its aims being the defence of the Christian faith. The future ruler of Târgovişte, Vlad II Dracul (1436 - 1442, 1443 - 1447), becomes a member of the Order in 1431, in which he will use his heraldic signs, namely the Dragon. Therefore, the presence of this dragon (a devil, as the Romanians called him), used by Vlad II in clothing, mint, etc., also generated the name, for differentiation, of his son, Vlad, Drăculea.
    [Show full text]
  • Diplôme National De Master
    Diplôme national de master Domaine - Sciences humaines et sociales Mention – Histoire civilisations patrimoine Juin 2017 Juin / Spécialité- Cultures de l’écrit et de l’image CEI Chroniques et controverses autour des imaginaires individuels et collectifs des XVIIIe-XIXe siècles : Une étude du mythe vampirique de la réalité à la fiction, des Dissertations sur les apparitions des anges, des démons et des esprits, et sur les revenants et vampires de Hongrie, de Mémoire de master 1 master de Mémoire Bohême, de Moravie et de Silésie du révérend père Dom Augustin Calmet au roman Dracula de Bram Stoker (1746- 1897). P Anne-Charlotte Pivot Sous la direction de Philippe Martin Professeur d’histoire moderne à l’Université Lumière Lyon 2, co-directeur du master Cultures de l’écrit et de l’image (CEI) PIVOT Anne-Charlotte | Master 1 CEI | Mémoire de recherche | Juin 2017 - 2 - Droits d’auteur réservés. Remerciements Je remercie, en premier lieu, mon directeur de mémoire, Monsieur Philippe Martin, pour avoir contribué à l’aboutissement de mon travail de recherche et pour ses conseils avisés. Mes remerciements vont également à Madame Fabienne Henryot pour la valeur propédeutique de ses enseignements et à Monsieur Dominique Varry pour son introduction aux métiers du livre et de l’imprimerie. Toute ma gratitude au personnel du fonds ancien de la Bibliothèque Municipale de Lyon, aux bibliothécaires de l’ENSSIB et de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France pour leur disponibilité et leur professionnalisme. Merci à Benjamin Liot, pour son soutien et sa bienveillance à mon égard. Merci à Gaëtan, Noémie, Lana, Julien, Manon et Justine pour leur aménité et leur présence à mes côtés.
    [Show full text]
  • Count Dracula and the Folkloric Vampire: Thirteen Comparisons
    Journal of Dracula Studies Volume 3 2001 Article 6 2001 Count Dracula and the Folkloric Vampire: Thirteen Comparisons Patrick Johnson Follow this and additional works at: https://research.library.kutztown.edu/dracula-studies Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Film and Media Studies Commons Recommended Citation Johnson, Patrick (2001) "Count Dracula and the Folkloric Vampire: Thirteen Comparisons," Journal of Dracula Studies: Vol. 3 , Article 6. Available at: https://research.library.kutztown.edu/dracula-studies/vol3/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Research Commons at Kutztown University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Dracula Studies by an authorized editor of Research Commons at Kutztown University. For more information, please contact [email protected],. Count Dracula and the Folkloric Vampire: Thirteen Comparisons Cover Page Footnote Patrick Johnson has degrees from San Francisco State University and the University of California at Davis. He has been studying the myths about vampires as a hobby since 1994. He is the creator and author of the web site Strigoi’s Tomb at http://zyweb.com/vampirelore/Home.htm This article is available in Journal of Dracula Studies: https://research.library.kutztown.edu/dracula-studies/vol3/ iss1/6 Count Dracula and the Folkloric Vampire: Thirteen Comparisons Patrick Johnson [Patrick Johnson has degrees from San Francisco State University and the University of California at Davis. He has been studying the myths about vampires as a hobby since 1994. He is the creator and author of the web site Strigoi’s Tomb at http://zyweb.com/vampirelore/Home.htm] “There are such beings as vampires ...The nosferatu do not die like the bee when he sting once.” -- Van Helsing (Dracula 286-87) Western European words such as vampire (English and French) and vampiros (Spanish) derive from vampir which occurs in the Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter from Castle Dracula – the Newsbulletin of the TSD ® - Special Christmas Edition – December 2013 2
    DECEMBER 2013 SPECIAL CHRISTMAS ISSUE Letter from Castle Dracula – the newsbulletin of the TSD ® - Special Christmas Edition – December 2013 2 FACT & FICTION IN STOKER 'S "D RACULA " - TIME FOR A NEW PARADIGM “The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources.” Albert Einstein Dear Members and Friends of the TSD, I am honoured by the Editor’s request to create this Christmas & New Year special editon – although the task involves a contradictio in terminis . In the gloomy halls of his Castle, vampire lore tells us, the Prince of Darkness never celebrates the Christian Feast of Light, and very rarely, he counts the years of his perpetual existence. But as I was invited to “throw some light” on issues that have remained obscure over so many decades and the answers to these questions may even signal a “new start” in appreciating Bram Stoker’s “Dracula” novel, I hope that this essay will be received as an appropriate contribution to the festive days ahead. If this “Letter from Castle Dracula” had been sent out during Stoker’s days, the post stamp on the envelope might have provided a clue about the true location of the Vampire’s residence. We know that the Count had to leave his home for dispatching his guest’s letters, and in Chapter 1, Harker refers to “Bistritz, the post town named by Count Dracula”. While creating some maps as an illustration for my book “The Ultimate Dracula” (April 2012), I have tried to reconstruct Harker’s route from Bistritz to the Castle. After three months of studying Habsburg military maps from the Victorian age, I was able to narrow down the area of this mythical edifice until only two mountain tops in the Călimani Mountains remained.
    [Show full text]