ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE AND RESEARCH PROGRAMME (KaR 8332)
Water demand management in areas of groundwater over-exploitation
WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FORMULATION
FINAL REPORT FEBRUARY 2006
in association with VRV Consultants (P) Ltd, Chennai, India Jouzy & Partners, Amman, Jordan
DFID R8332 Water demand management in areas of groundwater over-exploitation
WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT - STRATEGY FORMULATION FINAL REPORT - February 2006 ______
Contents MAIN REPORT Page No.
PREFACE 1 S. SUMMARY 3 1. INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 Purpose of the Report 7 1.2 International perspective 9 1.3 Water sector strategies 11 2. WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT 15 2.1 Definition 15 2.2 Potential measures 15 2.2.1 Previous studies 15 2.2.2 Broad categories of water demand management measures 17 2.3 Potential impacts 19 3. THE POOR AND VULNERABLE 21 3.1 Water, poverty and vulnerability 21 3.1.1 The sustainable livelihoods approach 21 3.1.2 Water-Poverty links 23 3.1.3 Vulnerability assessment 24 4. STRATEGY FORMULATION 27 4.1 General 27 4.1.1 Policy review 27 4.1.2 Strategy formulation 28 4.2 Institutional and community aspects 31 4.3 Poor and vulnerable identified 34 4.4 Data requirements 35 4.5 Water demand management options defined 37 4.6 Enabling and supporting measures 40 4.7 Water savings and unit cost of water saved 41 4.7.1 General 41 4.7.2 Financial and economic aspects 42 4.8 Impact of demand management measures 43
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DFID R8332 Water demand management in areas of groundwater over-exploitation
WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT - STRATEGY FORMULATION FINAL REPORT - February 2006 ______
4.9 Comparison of measures and their likelihood of success 45 4.9.1 Impact of measures 45 4.9.2 Pre-conditions and likelihood of success 46 5. STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION - SUMMARY 48
References Glossary of terms Abbreviations and Acronyms
Annex A Poverty and vulnerability Annex B Case studies Annex C Water demand management and water supply options
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DFID R8332 Water demand management in areas of groundwater over-exploitation
WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT - STRATEGY FORMULATION FINAL REPORT - February 2006 ______
PREFACE This document has been prepared as the final output for Project No R8332, Water Demand Management in Areas of Groundwater Over-exploitation. The project has been undertaken and funded as part of the UK Department of International Development (DFID)’s Knowledge and Research Programme. The initial concept for the research was developed by Black & Veatch Consulting Ltd in 2003 in line with the DFID agenda on poverty alleviation and within the context of the UN Millennium Development Goals. Water demand management has become an important element in integrated policies of water resources development and the purpose of the research has been to: