WORLD The Newsletter of the World Federation of Neurology

VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007

WCN 2009 Secretariat c/o Congrex Sweden P.O. Box 5619 SE-114 86 Stockholm Sweden Tel: 46 8 459 6600 Fax: 46 8 661 9125 WCN 2009 Organising Committee c/o The Neurological Society of Thailand 7th Floor, Royal Golden Jubilee Building, Soi Soonvijai, New Petchburi Road, Huay Kwang Bangkok 10310, Thailand Tel: 66 2 7165901 Fax: 66 2 7166004 Tentative Topics Interventions in Neurology Mitochondrial medicine Neurosonology Alternative medicine in Neurology Molecular medicine Neurovirology Ataxia/motor neuron diseases Myopathy/Neuropathy Tropical Neurology/ CNS Infection Autonomic / Child Neurology ALSO IN THIS ISSUE:  Editorial Controversies in Neurology  President’s Column Education Neurological consequences of blast  WFN Nigeria Education Electrophysiology injuries Programme  Emergency/Critical care in Neurology Neurological disorders associated with Synopsis of WFN Africa pregnancy Meeting Environmental  Minutes of JNS Editorial Neurology resources Neurology/Neurotoxicology/Occupatio Board Meeting nal Neurology Neuronal Stem Cells  Summary of Articles Ethics/Palliative Care Neuro-oncology published in JNS History in Neurology Neuro-opthalmology/Neuro-otology  Report on WFN-IBRO Innovations in Neurology /Pharmacogenics Sponsored Symposium  Review of Special Issue of Acknowledgement: World Neurology is published with a Journal of History of generous grant from the Japan Foundation for  and Mental Health. Calendar

Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org 2 WORLD NEUROLOGY

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Dr. Jagjit S. Chopra, # 1153 Sector 33-C, WORLD Chandigarh-160 020, India. Tel: +91-172- 2661532. Fax: +91-172-2668532. E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD NEUROLOGY Dr. Johan Aarli, Department of Neurology, The Newsletter of the World Federation of Neurology University of Bergen, Haukeland Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. E-mail: VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 [email protected] Dr. Ra’ad A. Shakir, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London - W6BRF, UK. CONTENTS E-mail: [email protected] 19th World Congress of Neurology: Tentative Topics ...... 1 Dr. Mark Hallett, NINDS, NIH Bldg. 10, Rm. 5N226, 10 Centre Drive, Msc 1428, Bethesda, Editorial ...... 3 MD 20892, USA Dr. Theodore Munsat, Department of Neurology, New England Medical Center, Box WFN Nigeria Education Programme ...... 3 314, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA President’s Column ...... 4 Dr. Robert Lisak, Department of Neurology, University Health Centre, School of Medicine, Synopsis of Africa Meeting, London ...... 5 4201 St. Antonio, Detroit, MI 48201, USA Dr. William M Carroll, c/o AAN Secretariat, 145 JNS Editorial Board Meeting ...... 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia Pictures of WFN Boston Meetings ...... 10 Dr. Marianne de Visser, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Summary of Articles Published in JNS ...... 11 Neurology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. WFN-IBRO Sponsored Symposium on ‘Brain Ageing Dr. Roger N. Rosenberg, Chief Editor, Archives and Dementia in Developing Countries’—A Report ...... 12 of Neurology, 515 N State Street, Chicago IL 60610, USA Dr. Daniel Truong, The Parkinson’s & Journal of History of Neurosciences: Movement Disorders Institute, 9940 Talbert Review of Special Issue ...... 13 Avenue, Suite 204, Fountain Valley, CA 92708, USA Calendar ...... 14 REGIONAL DIRECTORS Dr. Ashraf Kurdi (Pan-Arab), Jordan Elsevier Advertisement ...... 15-16 Dr. Jacques de Reuck, (Pan-European), Belgium Dr. Thomas R. Swift, (North American), USA Dr. Mario Tolentino Dipp (Latin American), Dominican Republic Prof. Gilbert Avode Dossou (Pan-African), Benin Dr. Bhim Sen Singhal (Asian-Oceanian), India ASSISTANT EDITOR Dr. I.M.S. Sawhney, Department of Neurology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK; COPYRIGHT © 2006 World Federation of Neurology. All rights reserved. e-mail: [email protected] Published by Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherland WFN ADMINISTRATOR Manuscripts accepted for publication become the copyright of the World Keith Newton, World Federation of Neurology, Federation of Neurology (WFN). Before publication a copyright form will be 12 Chandos Street, London W1G 9DR, UK supplied by the Publisher, which must be completed by all authors. PUBLISHING STAFF Publisher: tion, but cannot accept responsibility for any the relevant data sheet for the product. Peter F. Bakker ([email protected]) loss or damage to such material. Manuscripts World Neurology, ISSN 0899-9465, is pub- Marketing: should be submitted in English, typed on lished by Elsevier B.V., Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Jorinde Dirkmaat white paper using double spacing with mar- Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Phone: +31 Design and Layout: gins of at least 3 cm. Authors should submit (20) 485 3358; Fax: +31 (20) 485 3249; Desh Deepak Khanna material on computer disk (Microsoft® Word® e-mail: [email protected] Operational Support: or plain ASCII format) whenever possible. REPRINTS Annemieke van Es Tables and figures should be separated from Reprint requests and all correspondence the text and should clearly indicate the regarding the journal should be addressed to PUBLISHING INFORMATION author’s name. Colour photographs and illus- the Editor. However, back issues of World trations are encouraged. ADVERTISING Neurology can be obtained from the publisher. Please send inquiries about advertising in EDITORIAL STATEMENT CHANGE OF ADDRESS World Neurology to the Advertising Although great care is taken to ensure accu- Notice of change of address should be sent to: Department, Elsevier Ltd., The Boulevard, racy, the WFN and Elsevier B.V. cannot be held World Neurology, Editorial Secretariat, 12 Chandos liable for any errors or inaccuracies in this pub- Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, Street, London W1G 9DR, UK. Fax: +44 20 7323 lication. Opinions expressed are those of the UK. Phone: +44-1865-843 258; Fax: +44- 4012; e-mail:[email protected] authors. Elsevier B.V., the Editor, the WFN or 1865-843 976; email: [email protected] the Grantor cannot be held responsible for the Printed by Chandika Press (P) Ltd, 126 MANUSCRIPTS validity of clinical treatments, dosage regi- Industrial Area-1, Chandigarh-160002, India. The Editor is happy to receive unsolicited mens or other medical statements made. Any Fax: +91-172-2657783. manuscripts or photographs for considera- dosage referred to should be checked against e-mail: [email protected]

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, MARCH 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org EDITORIAL 3

EDITORIAL

The countdown for the 19th World WFN which was founded in Brussels in Congress of Neurology in Bangkok, 1957 during the First International Thailand has started and the salient fea- Congress of the Neurological Sciences in tures of the First Announcement are the same city. WFN is celebrating its 50 printed in this issue. This is the Mega years at Brussels this year by organising Event of WFN and you are requested to a special Symposium during the Annual block these days in your personal diary. Conference of the European Federation It is most likely that an academic pro- of Neurological Societies (EFNS). Please gramme to everybody’s liking and inter- come to Brussels in August to celebrate logist. There has been much discussion est will be included in the Scientific this unique event. regarding the WFN approach to training Programme, quite apart from the scenic neurologists in African countries. It is beauty and places of tourist interest in The WFN is taking a special interest in advisable that neurological training be this city and country. Africa where only half of the nations either in the particular country itself or have their own neurological associations in those Regional Neurological Centres This is the year of the Golden Jubilee of and many are without a single neuro - in Africa which are well developed in the neurosciences. Such a process will stem the Brain Drain of trained neurologists to the well developed Western Countries which needs to be discouraged.

Readers of this issue of World Neurology may have noticed that it has a slightly new look. There is some change in the layout settings for easier reading with a more legible font and improved spacing. I shall be grateful for the feedback on this minor change.

Jagjit S. Chopra Editor-in-Chief

Africa Project Meeting held on 01.05.2007 at Boston

WFN Nigeria Education Programme

Report on the Presentation

The certificates were presented during a conference of the Department of Medicine of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu. Nigeria on Tuesday 24 April 2007 by the Head of Department Dr. Mrs Esther Ofoegbu.

Three of the awardees received their certificates personally (Drs Ezeala-Adikaibe, Ekenze and Anyanwu). Dr. Emeka Anidi’s certifi- cate was collected on his behalf by a colleague. Unfortunately Dr. Anyanwu’s picture did not turn out well enough to be published. Dr. Mrs Oluchi Ekenze collecting her CME certificate from Dr. Mrs Esther Ofoegbu who is Head of the Department of The Nigeria CME Country Coordinator Dr Ikenna Onwuekwe was Medicine UNTH Enugu. The Nigeria Country Coordinator Dr Ikenna Onwuekwe is on the right of the picture present at the presentation.

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org 4 PRESIDENT’S COLUMN

PRESIDENT’S COLUMN World Federation of Neurology 50 years: Heritage shapes the future

Neurology was a major topic at the 17th Bogaert was elected the first President, areas where there exists a need for cam- World Congress of Medicine, which was but Houston Merritt and Pearce Bailey paigns aimed at the prevention of neu- held in London in August 1913. Joseph were important powers behind the rological disease. Babinski lectured about cerebellar establishment of the World Federation symptoms, Gordon Holmes on thalamic of Neurology. A grant of US$ 126,190 The prime intention behind organising symptoms, Jules Dejerine on motor annually for five years from NIH was an international federation of the aphasia and Herrmann Oppenheim on essential in order to get the organisation national neurological associations was myopathic disorders. But the London started. not only to promote international col- Congress of Medicine became the last of laboration in research, but also to pro- its kind. From then on, the international The history of the World Federation of mote standards of neurological care in congresses became more specialized. Neurology has been described in recent developing countries, enabling neurolo- publications (2, 3), and will not be gists in developed countries to assist One international congress of repeated here. Instead, I will try to delin- their colleagues in places with fewer , Neurology and Psycho logy eate how the social and scientific devel- resources to promote high standards of had already been organised, in opment over the last 50 years has influ- neurological care and to develop Amsterdam 1907. The second was held enced its evolution. The winds of change improved services (2). in Bern in 1931, the next in London have also swept over neurology. The 1935, Copenhagen 1939, Paris 1949 and World Federation of Neurology was cre- The main conclusion from the in Lisbon in 1953 (1). The First ated to develop international and inter- Neurology Atlas, published by the World International Congress of the disciplinary research projects in the Health Organization (WHO) and the neurosciences. Neurological re- World Federation of Neurology in 2005, search has now become inter- is that the available resources for neuro- national, and a global network logical disorders in most countries of exists between universities and the world are insufficient compared research institutions. One with the known significant burden asso- important mission of the World ciated with these disorders, and that the Federation of Neurology is to situation is worst for Africa. Only half of implement international con- the responding countries in Africa have gresses of neurology. The a national neurological association and quadrennial meetings of the some of them do not have a single neu- World Congresses of Neurology rologist. To the World Federation of Some eminent Neurologists at the First now serve as the most effective Neurology, the development of neurolo- International Congress of Neurological Sciences venue for presenting scientific gy in Africa is therefore a leading vision. achievements and interacting The national health authorities in each Neurological Sciences was held in with delegates of varied backgrounds country correspond with WHO, not with Brussels in 1957, and it was during that and perspectives. World Federation of Neurology. The congress that the World Federation of World Federation of Neurology has now Neurology was founded (1,2). Regional neurological organisations developed a close co-operation with have been established, most of them WHO within the context of global health The Brussels congress was a joint meet- with a well developed infrastructure, issues as identified by WHO. ing for neurology, , and with annual meetings allowing for Appropriate strategies for the preven- and of the International strong personal and scientific ties tion and control of non-communicable League against Epilepsy. An invitation across boundaries. They now have the and communicable neurological dis- had been sent in advance to neurologi- opportunity to collaborate with the eases should be part of clinical neurolo- cal societies throughout the world to regional and national levels of WHO to gy. If World Federation of Neurology send a delegate to an organisational ensure implementation of “health-for- wants to convince health planners to meeting to be held during the congress. all” strategies at their level. Each profes- give brain disorders a higher priority, we At that meeting, the World Federation of sional neurological association may ini- have to work through the WHO. Our goal Neurology was formed. Ludo van tiate and assist in the identification of is to develop standards of neurological

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org SYNOPSIS OF AFRICA MEETING 5 care in developing countries, partly ments available and affordable in devel- World Federation of Neurology has through the WHO, and partly as a direct oping countries. They are intended to expanded from 21 countries in 1957, to mission. provide neurologists everywhere with 96 member countries in 2007. When an electronic syllabus on important new neurology is established in more African The mission of our Research therapies that will be up-dated every six countries, and neurology can cross bor- Committee, chaired by Roger months. ders, the World Federation of Neurology Rosenberg, is to improve the health of will become a true global organisation. patients with neurological disease, par- The Education Committee, chaired by ticularly in developing countries, Ted Munsat, also focuses on global con- Literature: through the formation and support of cerns and advocates implementing pro- (1) Poser CM. The World Federation of international Research Groups, many of grammes for the improved care of Neurology: the formative period them with their own journals and own patients with neurological disorders 1955-1961. Personal recollections. J scientific congresses. The Research through the education of Neurol Sci 1993;120:218-227. Groups also serve by exchange of views worldwide. The Education Committee (2) Walton J. The World Federation of and information and by advising the encourages and assists in the education Neurology. Pp 573-588 in. The Spice Organising Committee for each World of young neurologists in the hope of of Life. From Northumbria to World Congress of Neurology. The Research improving patient care where needed Neurology. Roy Soc Med Services, Committee has also launched new initia- (4). An important part of the mission of London 1993. tives to disseminate up-to-date informa- the World Federation of Neurology is (3) Aarli J.A. World Federation of tion on recent advances in therapy. the Continuous Medical Education Neurology. J Neur Sci 2007 (in press) Entitled “Research Advances in Programme, conducted with national (4) Bergen DC. Training and distribution Neurology”, this section of the WFN neurological societies utilizing group of neurologists worldwide. J Neurol website covers current research discussions of Continuum, generously Sci 2002;198: 3-7. advances in clinical and basic neuro- donated by the American Academy of science in areas of various research Neurology, and Seminars in Clinical groups. These reviews emphasize neu- Neurology that the World Federation of rotherapeutics, including those treat- Neurology publishes periodically. The Johan A. Aarli

World Federation of Neurology would be smaller sub-groups. Synopsis of Africa Meeting, London Some concern was expressed that WFN should accurately follow WHO 15th December 2006 regions and there should be no confu- The Way Forward?: (WHO– in great part by neurologists who sion with, for instance, the Arab coun- Dr Bertholote) Integration of neurologi- practise in the region. tries in the Northern part of the con- cal care into primary care. Give training  A careful and detailed needs assess- tinent. However, Prof Diop also had to general health care staff; increase the ment should be done before the close contacts with North African number of neurologists; increase the program is formulated. countries, and the African public number of neuropaediatricians; increase  The initiative should be construc ted health crisis was predominately in Sub- the number of neurosurgeons. in concert with WHO. Saharan Africa.  The currently effective WFN educa- Major Concerns: Cost effectiveness; tional programs should be extended  Organisation: WFN should help brain drain; how much does it cost to into new countries and expanded in African neurologists organise them- train a neurologist? Not just to train those currently involved. These should selves and become members of the neurologists but also how to bring include countries with established train- WFN. WFN would have to look closely neurological care to people. There is a ing programmes; countries in which at how the Federation could be tendency for people, once trained, to training programmes can be estab- enlarged. leave and go abroad. In Africa almost lished; and countries where there is no half speak English; half French; some neurologist.  Training: This was the greatest need speak Portuguese; also local lan-  Much more involvement by French at all levels. WFN had some very special guages. Language in training is very neurologists. products. important. If you want to reach peo- ple, English, French etc may not be Each point would require comprehen-  Guidelines: Implementation and evalu- sufficient. sive analysis and careful ation. This was something that was decision-making. Dr Hachinski suggest- badly needed. Most of the guidelines Education Committee recom- ed that the term “Task Force” should be published were suitable only for certain mendations: applied and that it should be overseen countries. It was important to listen to  The WFN Plan should be formulated by the President. Within this there those whom WFN wanted to help and, in

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org 6 SYNOPSIS OF AFRICA MEETING terms of training, this meant small-scale IBRO. Dr Kalaria had said he would start would probably be 2008. Professor local meetings not congresses. For match, dollar for dollar, what WFN was Diop should be asked to suggest two example, the impact of holding some- able to give. countries where this might work best. thing in Ethiopia and awarding a small It would be important to have the scholarship for people from the local Communications in Africa would be an views of Dr Haimanot, Professor Diop area to attend would be far more help- obstacle to everything WFN tried to do. and their colleagues on what was ful. It had been learnt that some might have needed. Dr Hachinski had asked Dr e-mail access but they did not have the Haimanot and Professor Diop to provide  It was agreed that a Task Force should time or opportunity to acquire informa- information for the Trustees to review. be established immediately. Dr Aarli tion from the Internet. He had also talked with Dr Bertholote would be the Chair, and Prof Diop would from WHO who was interested in why be Co-Chair. Prof Diop would be the per- What was needed was a decision on WFN was keen on Ethiopia in particular. son to represent a link to the local WHO which type of education exercises WFN Dr Munsat referred to the success of the Office, while Dr Aarli would be the link wanted to be involved in, e.g. small con- WFN CME Programme using Continuum to WHO in Geneva. ferences; training of clinical officers etc. as a way of bringing colleagues together. These should be developed where they Fellowships Dr Hacke proposed a com- were needed and extended to other First, agreement had to be reached with bination of the following three types: areas if successful. EFNS on the need for a teaching course  Travel Fellowships in Africa. Then Professor Diop should  Short-term: 3-6 weeks, like EFNS Dr Rosenberg recommended going back be asked to propose two countries.  Year-long fellowships to Prof Diop and his colleagues to ask Finally, together with the EFNS, WFN them what they wanted. What kind of should try to decide on who would go Some people preferred a model where fellowships would be best for them? there and set a budget for 2008. the candidate stayed in his/her country, Nothing should be prejudged. The ini- travelling for, say, two months of the tiative should originate with them. An Dr Shakir agreed this would be a very year overseas and then returning. They amendment was suggested to the term good idea and suggested the countries were less likely to leave permanently. applied to the whole project. Not ‘the were likely to be Ethiopia and Senegal For example, 2 months could be spent WFN Africa Project’ but ‘The Africa-WFN who should say what subjects the train- studying EMG/EEG followed by a return Project’. ing needed to cover. 3 people could home to implement what had been probably be sponsored to hold teaching learnt. On the next occasion something Epilepsy was very important in Africa. courses for 2 days. Dr Hacke thought different would be studied. The Centers for Disease Control and that 2-3 local people should also be Prevention (CDC) was another group involved so that not everything was At present the WFN offered 10 Junior involved in many projects in Africa. imported. Travelling Fellowships each year but Malaria in Kenya was a major cause of these were to attend international con- the wide spread of HIV. The Walter Reed WFN—Japanese Neurological Associa- ferences. They were not for specific Army Medical Center would be very tion Fellowship Dr Kaji had been think- meetings but for any meetings approved happy to work with the WFN. ing about what Japan could do for the by the WFN. In the past 20 Fellowships Africa Project. Japan had schemes that used to be on offer including 10 from Dr Munsat reminded the meeting that were mostly funded by the government GlaxoSmithKline; but regrettably fund- the Education Committee had run pilot and their availability was not generally ing from that source had ceased. Dr studies which could perhaps be applied known to the African people. He sug- Hacke said that EFNS were unable to in Africa: (i) Neurology where there is no gested perhaps neurosurgeons might be give out all the fellowships they had neurologist. This had been very success- interested in visiting Africa. WFN could available, and Dr Kaji said it was the ful in Zambia. (ii) Honduras: which had be very flexible in endorsing some of same for IFCN. There were never any entailed assisting a group of well- these activities which would help raise applications from Africa. Dr Carroll said trained neurologists to improve their the Federation’s profile. It would not they had not been able to fill all the fel- own existing training programme. This involve a great deal of expenditure. For lowships available for Sydney either. He too had been very successful. (iii) Pilot example, Dr Kaji currently had a thought £1,000 was probably not trials of help for different countries that Mongolian Fellow in his department enough to attend congresses, and there had established training programmes who was receiving 4 years’ training. It was also the problem of obtaining visas and now needed WFN to put together a had proved possible to obtain money these days. small group of people to go there and from the pharmaceutical companies to carry out an evaluation. fund his flight and the department had Dr Aarli agreed that there were different been able to fund the costs of his stay. types of fellowships that could be Regional Teaching Courses Dr Aarli Someone like that could be given a title offered. Maybe a start should be made said that EFNS would be willing to such as ‘WFN Fellow’ or ‘Japanese by discussing Travelling Fellowships, organise a teaching course in Africa if Neurological Society—WFN Fellow’. To perhaps in collaboration with AAN or WFN did likewise. A realistic date to clarify, if WFN funded travel expenses,

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org SYNOPSIS OF AFRICA MEETING 7

Japan could take care of the rest. Dr even doctors had come from Dr Create Africa Fellowships Hachinski suggested that Dr Kaji’s Saraceno at WHO.  Possible creation of specific Fellow- department should enter into an agree- ships for African neurologists. There ment with a specific African depart- Professor de Visser asked whether exist- were 10 WFN Junior Travelling Fellow - ment. ing CME programmes in Malawi, Uganda ships per year at present. Should a etc would still continue? It was con- specific one for Africa be introduced? Dr Aarli would write to African contacts firmed that they would. Dr Aarli would referring them to the Honduras training contact Professor Diop to see if he  Together with the Japanese programme as a model, and asking if agreed and ask him to contact Dr Neurological Association a Fellowship of they had an existing programme in their Munsat. some kind would be developed where own country. A letter of invitation WFN would cover travel expenses and should be sent, possibly from Professor South Africa Question: Japan would cover other expenses. Diop. It needed to be discussed and Dr Aarli believed that WFN should assist agreed with him. in South Africa and referred to the sys- Collaborate with EFNS and AAN in tem of Supernumerary Residents. South sponsoring Travelling Fellowships Specific instructions from Professor Africa had a strong case for help in that  How should WFN collaborate with the Diop and his colleagues were needed. It a Consultant Neurologist could have EFNS and AAN in sponsoring Travelling also had to be remembered that only a only two Residents. However, they could Fellowships? Dr Sergay had said he few African countries were membes of have one or two more if they came from would see what the AAN could do. IBRO the WFN. Dr Aarli concurred and cited outside South Africa. Dr Pierre Bill would be an important partner; they had Nigeria as a huge country which should should be asked to work with the South said they would match sponsorhip dol- be a member of the WFN. African Delegate to WFN (Kevin Rosman) lar for dollar. to obtain his agreement. Dr Hacke: There were so many parallel Together with EFNS, Regional activities. The larger picture was seldom If WFN could sponsor a Travelling Teaching Courses known, only bits and pieces. Would it be Fellowship to South Africa, they would  Could be organised in 2008 in collab- possible for Mr Newton to contact other be willing to take him. oration with the Africans and other part- societies to obtain a general overview of ners. whether each organisation had some- Regional Training Centres: It was prob- thing dedicated to Africa or whether ably not enough to have a centre in a  Congrex possibly to be asked to assist. they could set aside something? French-speaking area; there should also Examples of organisations were: EFNS, be one in an English-speaking area. As Sponsored Department to Department ENS, IBRO, ISS etc. for the Portuguese-speaking countries, Partnerships the political situation in Mozambique  These had been very successful with In Dr Aarli’s view, early action on Africa and Angola was unstable. the EFNS. It would be necessary to say was vital. He asked Dr Munsat to explain how many departments should be in the further to the meeting about the manu- Research Projects: The Alaska pro- programme and to nominate depart- als produced by Dr Birbeck. Dr Munsat gramme had been cited as a model of ments in countries such as Canada, the said these had been developed with sup- health care distribution. Professor Diop USA and Japan. With the EFNS, partici- port from the WFN and the Education should perhaps be asked to pick rural pation was for 6 weeks; should the WFN Committee had helped review them. He areas in two or three countries in Africa have the same period or not? Dr mentioned Dr Ddumba, a neurologist in where it might also work. He would have Wolfgang Grisold to be requested to Uganda who had produed a similar man- to work with his colleagues in those produce similar ideas for the WFN ual. Dr Munsat just needed a directive countries. Dakkar would probably be the Africa Project. from the Trustees as to which country place to start to see how things went he should target, who would be the con- and then, if successful, it might perhaps  Together with Drs Pierre Bill and tact person there and what staff support be extended to other cities in Senegal; Kevin Rosman, exchange programmes would be available. Gretchen Birbeck and from there maybe to a neighbouring with South Africa, and the problem of could be asked for her ideas on appro- country. This too should be discussed supernumerary residents, to be dis- priate countries. If Ethiopia were used as with Professor Diop. cussed. a pilot for the Africa Project, several things could be done there without nec- CONCLUSIONS Regional Teaching Centres essarily entering into any commitment WFN Africa Task Force A Task  This idea had been endorsed by Prof to spread them into other countries. Force—Africa would be established; Diop. Would WFN sponsor these cen- Alternatively, several countries could be Dr Aarli to co-chair with Dr Diop; its tres? What sort of sponsorship would be identified. Dr Munsat favoured a pilot Co-Chairman to be invited to partici- on offer? Who would carry out evalua- study in Ethiopia alone. Dr Aarli said the pate in Trustees’ Meetings as appro- tion etc? Should the programme begin request to help in Ethiopia for areas priate. Consider what the mechanisms with a single centre, such as that being where there were no neurologists or for its work would be. set up in Morocco?

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org 8 JNS EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING

Develop and promote Neurology  Training programmes to be estab- Specific Web links to African Clinical Officer Programme lished and evaluated. neurology  How should the Neurology Clinical  Dr Piero Antuono and the Publications Officer Programme be developed, as Research directed at neurological care & Website Committee to be asked to suggested by Gretchen Birbeck? Drs delivery establish a weblink programme for Ted Munsat and Gretchen Birbeck to  As suggested by Dr Rosenberg. How Africa. be asked to work on a manual would this be done? An example of a designed for countries where there suitable topic might be the healthcare Communications—the need for were no neurologists. With Professor distribution system used in Alaska to be improvement was underlined. Diop’s agreement, the focus would be considered as a possible model for on Ethiopia. Senegal.

World Federation of Neurology Journal of the Neurological Sciences Editorial Board Meeting Minutes May 1, 2007, Boston, USA

Members Present:

P. F. Bakker, Senior Publishing Editor, J. Dirkmaat, Marketing Manager, R. P. Lisak, Editor, S. E. Hutton, Administrator and Supporting Editor, R. Lewis and P. Dore-Duffy, Deputy Editors, J. F. Toole, Editor Emeritus, A. Tselis, Book Review Editor, and Associate Editors M. F. Beal, H. Feldman, M. S. Freedman, F. Gerstenbrand, A. B. Guekht, V. Hachinski, E. Hogan, J. Jankovic, D. Jeffery, A. Koeppen, A. Korczyn, N. Newman, J. D. Pollard, A. Portera-Sanchez, R. Rangel-Guerra, E. S. Roach, R. Rosenberg, A. Rostami, A. Siva, I. Steiner, and D. Truong

ITEM: Editor’s Report presented by in Honour of the Careers of Robert E. which are relative and sometimes arbi- Robert P. Lisak, M.D. Lovelace, M.D., FRCP and Jack Patajan, trary classifications. The dominant dis- M.D., PhD.” Guest editors were A. ease type categories remain essentially Submissions to JNS for 2006 exceeded Gordon Smith and Louis H. Weimer. the same as in past years: cerebrovascu- 2005 by 42%. 573 manuscripts were Issue 245.1-2 (June) “Cognitive Decline lar, neurodegenerative, inflammatory/ submitted compared to 405 in 2005. in : Biological, Clinical MS, movement disorders, and peripher- 225 manuscripts were accepted for pub- and Therapeutic Aspects” at the al nerve. Clinical research continues to lication; 305 were rejected. As of European Charcot Foundation dominate; only 9% of all submissions January 1, 2007, 207 manuscripts Symposium in Italy, 2004. Guest editor were basic research (experimental ani- remain in progress. 328 articles were was O. R. Hommes. Issue 248.1-2 mal based) which is consistent with published in 14 issues in 2006, includ- (October) “Dementia in Parkinson’s prior years. ing 10 double issues and a Cumulative Disease” at the International Author/Subject Index included in the Symposium, Salzburg, Austria, 2004. The peer-review process continued to December issue. This significant Guest editors were A. D. Korczyn, D. improve in 2006. 10.6% of the manu- increase in submissions was a direct Calne, and E. C. Wolters. Special section scripts were accepted with no revision; result of the electronic submission sys- in 249.1 (November) “Terrorism for the 66.7% required one revision; 22.7% tem (EES) implemented in May 2006. Neurologist: A Seminar Presented at the required two or more revisions. Since May the journal has accepted only World Congress of Neurology,” Sydney, Language issues and incomplete papers submitted electronically. Dr. Australia, 2005. Guest editor was L. D. responses to reviewers’ comments Lisak stated that the electronic online Prockop. accounted for the extended review submission and peer reviewing system process. The electronic submission EES (EES) is very effective. It has received The geographic distribution of manu- has helped to expedite the overall positive responses from both authors scripts received and accepted has review process. Reviewers decline and reviewers. remained constant for the last nine quickly which allows the selection of years. Japan with 21% and the USA with other reviewers with less delay. Reviews Three special issues and one special sec- 20.5% continue to dominate the submis- and revisions are also submitted more tion were published in 2006. These sions. quickly through the electronic system. included issue 242.1-2 (March) “Advances and Current Concepts in Submissions continue to be tracked by Ad hoc reviewers were acknowledged in Neuromuscular Disease: A Special Issue disease type and discipline, both of the April issue, 243. In addition to

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org JNS EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING 9 board members 399 reviewers were turn around time helps the reputation base of Neurology subscribers. JNS is used in 2006. of the journal. also promoted at neurology meetings worldwide. Changes to the editorial board include Special issues were noted. These help the following. A. Tselis assumed the the journal’s impact factor, especially Peter Bakker’s report lists the top 25 role of book review editor in addition to the issue with the Charcot Foundation. cited articles for JNS. Board members his role as liaison with World Neurology Peter Bakker indicated that there are suggested that these authors should for which he periodically submits syn- currently four special issues and two receive a letter indicating this ranking. opsis of articles from JNS to be featured. supplements planned for 2007/2008. Perhaps that would encourage them and A. Koeppen was recognized for his serv- their colleagues to submit other articles ice as book review editor. D. Truong Peter Bakker indicated that the higher to the journal. and A. Siva were both recognized as new rate of submissions and acceptance members of the board. resulted in 1868 printed journal pages There being no further discussion, the for 2006. 911 printed journal pages meeting was adjourned at 9:00 am. Editorials and review articles continue have already been processed for the to be developed. Dr. Lisak suggested first four months of 2007. He expects that reviewers can provide these when to print 2200-2300 pages for 2007 they submit their reviews by simply thereby issuing bigger volumes. The checking the box that says “subject for journal’s limit for the year is 3000 pages editorial.” Often the review of the paper set by the sponsor WFN. can be developed into an editorial. Dr. Lisak also invited board members to There is little change in the geographic submit review papers since these have a distribution of manuscripts received at positive effect on the journal’s impact Elsevier from North America, Western factor. The goal is to have 1-2 review Europe, and Asia. articles in each issue. The decline in the number of print sub- Robert Lisak Dr. Lisak closed with a discussion of scriptions continues. Two-thirds of sub- Editor-in-Chief triaging. Since submissions have dra- scriptions are now electronic. A further matically increased as a result of the drop of 20-30% in print subscriptions is electronic submission, he feels that the expected in 2007. editor needs to reject the number of clinical short reports, thereby reducing Advertising in the journal was the next the number of requests to reviewers. He issue of discussion. JNS does not adver- also introduced the idea of requiring tise. Peter Bakker said that Elsevier has authors to submit a list of 2 or more been approaching the industry to adver- potential reviewers for their paper. tise on line. The industry is still conser- Currently JNS suggests that authors do vative. It likes the impact of the printed this but does not require it. Some board copy. Currently JNS has 4992 electronic members had a problem with this indi- user accounts. cating that it could impact the objectivi- ty of the review. Dr. Lisak responded The impact factor declined from 2006. that no more than one reviewer suggest- Peter Bakker indicated that more review ed by an author would be considered for articles are needed to reverse this any one paper. decline. He also indicated that the cover of the journal is currently being revised. ITEM: Senior Publishing Editor's Some board members felt that such a Report presented by change was needed. Peter F. Bakker Marketing activities continue to be a pri- Peter Bakker announced that 2006 was a ority. Efforts to increase the visibility of good year for JNS. He too noted the the journal are detailed in the report. increase in the number of submissions. These include coverage in the WFN quar- As his detailed report indicates, pub- terly newsletter, advertisements in other lishing time (total time from receipt by Elsevier journals, a direct mail campaign editor to issue being sent to subscribers) to 15,000 members of national societies has improved. The first four months of worldwide, and online marketing activi- 2007 continue this trend with a produc- ties including the Neurology e-newslet- tion time of 11.6 weeks. This improved ter sent out bi-monthly to a large data-

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org 10 WFN BOSTON MEETINGS WFN Boston Meetings April 28 to 2 May, 2007

WFN Research Committee Meeting held on 30.4.2007

WFN Research Committee Meeting held on 30.04.2007

Joint Meeting of WFN Education Committee & CME Coordinators held on 30.4.2007

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org SUMMARY OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JNS 11 Summary of Articles Published in JNS

Review of bilities such as methotrexate, rituximab diabetes, or “type 3 diabetes.” The impli- Treatment of and plasmapheresis are also discussed. cations for the early diagnosis, preven- Susac’s tion and treatment of Alzheimer’s are Syndrome evident. Review of Rennebohm R.M. and Brain mitochondrial Susac J.O. Review of dysfunction as a link A distinct subgroup of J. Neurol Sci xx (2007) xxx – xxx between Alzheimer’s chronic inflammatory disease and diabetes demyelinating polyneuro- The syndrome of Susac, consisting of pathy with CNS encephalopathy, hearing loss and Moreira P.I., Santos M.S., Sieca R., and branch retinal artery occlusion, is likely Oliveira C. demyelination and a more common than is supposed, and favorable response to the characteristic triad is not always J. Neurol Sci xx (2007) xxx - xxx immunotherapy observed, when one aspect is dominant over the others. Thus, encephalo pathy is The connection between diabetes and Pineda A.A.M., very common and can be difficult to dementing illness has long been sus- Ogata K., evaluate; the clinician may thus not pected and, in the past few decades, Osoegawa M., notice a subtle hearing loss. Since this is documented. Certainly, diabetes predis- Murai H., Shigeto a rarely studied disease, the pathogene- poses strongly to cerebrovascular dis- H., Yoshiura T., sis is not known, pathologic findings are ease, which in turn leads to multiinfarct Tobimatsu S., not well described and optimal manage- dementias with a more or less clearcut Kira J.I. ment has not been determined. pathogenesis as well as the less well characterized ischemic leukoen- J. Neurol Sci xx (2007) xxx - xxx In this timely and well organized cephalopathies or “small vessel dis- review, Drs Susac and Renne bohm ease”. However, a relationship to Inflammatory demyelinating diseases collect all the data on this disease Alzheimer’s disease has also been sus- are commonly thought of as being con- from published cases and summa- pected, since some of the risk factors fined to the central or peripheral nerv- rize well what is known about it and for diabetes are risk factors for ous systems. Examples of the former what is not. This information is syn- Alzheimer’s and the two seem to be include multiple sclerosis, optic neuri- thesized to give a potential outline associated more often than by mere tis, acute disseminated encepha- of the pathogenesis of the disease chance. lomyelitis and transverse , and and provide structured (almost step- for the latter include Guillain-Barre syn- by-step) recommendations for its Can the connection between diabetes drome and chronic inflammatory treatment using various immuno- and Alzheimer’s be traced to a common demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). suppressive and im mu no modulatory molecular substrate? This paper However, since many of the antigenic agents. explores the case to be made for this, epitopes in peripheral are the and discusses the threads of evidence same as in central myelin, one would The pathologic findings and clinical connecting the amyloid protein Aβ with expect that in some cases peripheral course of this disease are very reminis- mitochondrial damage. It is known that and central demyelination would occur cent of those seen in dermatomyositis. Aβ is metabolized in part in the mito- together. In patients with CIDP, such has Both have monophasic, relapsing-remit- chondria, where it can be detected along been the case. ting and chronic progressive courses. with various proteins to which it binds. Muscle biopsy of patients with Susac’s Abnormalities in glucose metabolism In this study of 18 consecutive Japanese reveals a microangiopathy, affecting and insulin in the brain also damage patients with CIDP, CNS demyelination mainly the endothelium (“endotheliopa- mitochondria. The effects of insulin are was looked for by somatosensory and thy”), very similar to that in dermato- not necessarily mediated only through motor evoked potentials as well as MRI myositis. This resemblance between the regulation of glucose metabolism. The of brain and spinal cord. Six of these diseases has both pathogenetic and evidence for the synergistic effects of Aβ patients had abnormalities indicating therapeutic implications. The therapy and abnormal glucose and insulin on the central demyelination, but only one had mainly consists of high dose corticos- mitochondria, the integrity of which is an MRI typical of MS. teroids, with supplementation by crucial for the function of the highly immunomodulators such as intravenous metabolically active brain, is carefully Do the patients with subclinical central immunoglobulin and immunosuppres- explored. Their interweaving effects demyelination differ from those with- sants such as cyclophosphamide and suggest that Alzheimer’s disease is in out? While the number of patients in mycophenolate, as needed. Other possi- some cases a form of brain parenchymal this study is small, some significant dif-

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org 12 BRAIN AGEING & DEMENTIA IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ferences appear. The patients with sub- is difficult to diagnose and treat, and for The results were interesting. Simple PCR clinical CNS demyelination had statisti- which there is no quantitative way to detected TB DNA in only one of the 8 cally significantly less disability, and follow the effect of treatment. In a TBM patients, while the more sensitive larger compound motor action poten- patient with preexisting tuberculosis, nested PCR was positive in 8 out of 8 tials in the median nerve. There was a who develops headaches, difficulty in patients. In the non TBM group, nested statistical trend to a male preponder- concentrating and cranial nerve palsies, PCR was negative in all cases. In the TBM ance and greater responsiveness to with moderate pleocytosis, high CSF patients, the initial pretherapy CSF bac- immunologic therapies such as pred- protein and hypoglycorrhachia, the terial load was 2000-20,000 cells/mL. nisone, plasmapheresis and intravenous diagnosis is reasonably certain, but this With continued antiTB therapy, the bac- immunoglobulin in the group with sub- is not always the case. Further, once the terial load dropped after several meas- clinical central demyelination. The diagnosis is made and antiTB therapy is urements, over a time scale of several authors speculate that in patients with instituted, there is no objective quanti- weeks to a month or two. The drop in both central and peripheral disease have tative way to follow the disease, apart bacterial load correlated with clinical more pure demyelination than the from serial neurological exams and improvement, resolution of pleocytosis patients with peripheral disease, who repeat measurement of CSF parameters and normalization of CSF protein and may have greater axonal involvement such as pleocytosis, protein and glucose glucose. Interestingly, in a few cases, the which is known to be more severe and levels. Direct measurement of bacterial bacterial load initially increased just less responsive to therapy. Larger stud- load is not available – cultures and PCR after therapy was started, before declin- ies, repeated in the same and other pop- are positive or negative. ing. In the one patient who died of TBM, ulations would be of great interest. If the bacterial load increased continually. these results are replicated, the patho- In this study, 8 patients with TBM and genetic implications are evident. 20 controls (other forms of meningi- While the number of patients in this tis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, lym- study was small, the results are very phoma, neuroBehcet’s) had CSF exam- intriguing and need to be developed fur- Review of Quantitative inations, with serial testing in the ther. This assay provides for the first nested real-time PCR TBM patients. CSFs had routine time an objective quantitative measure assay for assessing the parameters measured, along with sim- of TB load in the CSF of TBM patients ple mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and may be useful in following the dis- clinical course of PCR, nested PCR and quantitative ease. tuberculous meningitis. nested real time (QNRT) PCR. Nested PCR is a more sensitive technique for Takahashi T, Tamuar M, Takahashi SN, detecting TB DNA, by using 2 stages Matsumoto K, Sawada S, Yokoyama E, of amplification. QNRT PCR is a sensi- Nakayama T, Mizutani T, Takasu T, tive and quantitative measure of bac- Nagase H. terial cell (BC) burden, expressed as BC/mL of CSF. J Neurol Sci 225 (2007) 69-76 For the TBM patients, CSF measure- Thank you to Dr Alex Tselis Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a not ments were done before and at least for summerizing the papers uncommon subacute meningitis which once after 2 weeks of antiTB therapy. REPORT WFN-IBRO Sponsored Symposium on ‘Brain Ageing and Dementia in Developing Countries’ Held at Safari Park Hotel Confernece Centre, Nairobi, Kenya from 10th to 13th April 2007 Introduction neurological diseases including , oping countries’ was organized to Worldwide, there is a demographic tran- neurodegenerative dementias, vascular review the size of the problem, the eco- sition occurring characterized by pro- dementia and late-onset depression. nomic costs, protective and predispos- gressive increase in the population of This increase is occurring more in the ing factors, current thoughts on aetiolo- the elderly, much more in the develop- poorer developing regions of the world gy including gene-gene and gene-envi- ing than in the developed countries. where resources to cope with the grow- ronment interactions, treatment modal- Accompanying this is an increase in the ing burden are scarce. ities including phytotherapy and new prevalence of cardiovascular disorders drugs under development as well as such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus With this background, this symposium comparing research findings from and ischemic heart disease as well as on ‘brain ageing and dementia in devel- developed and developing nations.

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF NEUROSCIENCES 13

With sponsorship from the WFN, IBRO, The chronic problem of paucity of Parkinson’s disease and stroke in WHO and some other funding agencies, trained manpower for mental and Tanzania, East Africa were presented as about sixty researchers drawn from neurological health care delivery and well as the profile of cognitive dysfunc- Europe, Africa, North America, Latin research in the developing world also tion in a cohort of Nigerian patients with America and Asia-Pacific convened at received some attention during this PD. There was a unique presentation. the Safari Park hotel in Nairobi, Kenya first session. In sub-Saharan Africa for between the 10th and 13th of April, instance, there is just one single neu- There were posters highlighting the epi- 2007 to participate in this symposium. rologist to an average of 3 million peo- demiology of dementia in Tunisia, This report is a summary of the four- ple. Faced with the daunting chal- Algeria, Senegal, Democratic Republic of day event. lenges of high cost of training and Congo, Uganda and Ethiopia. brain drain, some of the solutions The Symposium proffered include integrating basic Benefits of the Symposium The symposium commenced with an neurological care into primary health This symposium has been been quite opening session on the 10th of April, care, empowering. beneficial having: 2007. Prof Raj Kalaria, convener of the —provided an opportunity to interact symposium, delivered an opening The subsequent session focused on with key players in the field of demen- address welcoming all participants and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment tia care and research. highlighting the objectives of the sym- and dementia in diverse communities —provided an avenue to appraise posium which was coming exactly one and risk factors. Several studies pre- progress since 2001 when the maiden hundred years after Alois Alzheimer sented at the symposium identified risk edition of the symposium was organ- described his first case of the disease factors for dementia such as vascular ized. that later became eponymously named factors: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, —provided a forum to appraise the cur- after him. An overview of the 10/66 obesity, raised cholesterol levels; physi- rent status of dementia care and dementia research group, a conglomer- cal and mental inactivity, urban living, research especially in the developing ate of 100 researchers from 32 develop- poor social interaction and positive countries. ing countries carrying out community- family history. While the role of —made possible establishment of rela- based dementia studies and an affiliate apolipoprotein E gene in the pathogen- tionships for possible future collabora- of the Alzheimer’s Disease International esis of AD appears well established, sev- tive networking. (ADI), was provided. eral new candidate genes for late-onset —brought to the fore the need for more AD and the frontotemporal dementias public enlightenment on dementia. This was followed by launching of the are being elucidated. Some of these cut- —revealed the need for correct research Alzheimer’s Association of Kenya, a ting–edge research findings on genetics priorities and good research as basis for product of a vision conceptualized from of dementia were presented evidence-based policy drives and advo- the experiences of some individuals who cacy for brain health in developing have had to take care of relations with Care arrangements for people living countries. dementia. Supported by the African with dementia should involve the fami- Mental Health Foundation (AMHF), the ly and other stakeholders in the context Dr. Rufus Olusola Akinyemi association was formed with the goals of culturally appropriate and acceptable Neurology Unit, Department of of gathering data on the burden of methods. The results of a community- Medicine, University College Hospital, dementia in Kenya, creating public based epidemiologic survey of Ibadan, Nigeria. awareness to enhance early detection and risk reduction as well as facilitate Journal of the History of support for caregivers of persons living with dementia. Neurosciences

The following session focused on the Special Issue on the History of Russian Neuroscience size of the worldwide problem of brain Editors: P.J. Koehler, M. Macmilland and Treasurer General of World Federation ageing and dementia. Acknowledging S. Finger of Neurology for around one decade WHO reports on global ageing, the ISSN: 0964-704 X and Editor-in-Chief of World Neurology worldwide societal cost of dementia was No. of Pages: 236 for many years. History of reviewed. In 2005, based on an estimat- Publishers: Taylor & Francis Neurosciences has been very dear to ed population of 29 million persons liv- Price: US$ 418-441 him in addition to several books and ing with dementia, the cost of care was monographs edited by him. This journal estimated at US $ 315 billion (direct cost This Journal is representing the WFN presents historical material on all US$210 billion and informal cost US $ Research Group of the History of branches of neurosciences from antiq- 105 billion). Twenty three percent of the Neurosciences and was founded by uity to recent times. It is also the official total cost was borne in developing coun- Frank Clifford Rose in the early 1990s. journal of The International Society for tries which had 54% of the prevalent Frank, a well known neurologist of History of the Neurosciences. cases. international repute, was Secretary Publication is quarterly. Although

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org 14 CALENDAR presently it is running on to 16th chapters on European influence on , their discoveries and Volume, this issue has special signifi- Russian neurology, I.M. Sechenov-The applications to human neurological dis- cance. It is not only double in size but it patriach of Russian Physiology and the eases. This volume will not only interest significantly caters for the history of Scientific self-understanding, Moscow the readers but will be a valuable treas- Russian Neuroscience which previously Clinic for Nervous Diseases, Beginning ure for the medical libraries around the was an enigma. Readers will not only get of Russian Psychiatry, Ivon Petrovich globe. a glimpse of past Russian/Soviet Union Pavlov, History of Kazan Neurological Neuroscience but will be enlightened as School, Russian Neurosurgery, The Editor-in-Chief to the present development of the Moscow Brain Research Institute and Neurosciences in Russia. There are many more chapters on the Russian

CALENDAR 2007

VIII Congreso Colombiano de Neurología August 17-19, 2007 Cali, Colombia http://congreso2007.acnweb.org/

13th International Congress of August 21-25, 2007 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil http://www.immunorio2007.org.br

11th European Federation of Neurological Societies Congress (incorporating WFN Council of Delegates Annual General Meeting and WFN 50th Jubilee Symposium) August 25-28, 2007 Brussels, Belgium http://www.kenes.com/efns2007/ World Federation of Research Societies World Congress 2007 September 1-8, 2007 Cairns, Australia http://www.icmsaust.com.au/ wfsrs2007/

WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org ADVERTISEMENT 15

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IN THIS ISSUE • • Clinical phenomenology Parkinson’s disease and family GAITRite system evaluation of history parkinsonian bradykinesia Clinical characterization of Estimating the value of novel LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson patients interventions for Parkinson's disease Mutations in the parkin Gene ERP and cognition in PD • • Surgical and pharmacological Psychosis and depression in PD Vascular parkinsonism Paroxetine in multiple system Central pontine myelinolysis and treatment atrophy extrapontine myelinolysis • / This journal now has online submission at: http://authors.elsevier.com/journal/parkreldis electrophysiology • Transplantation studies • Neuropharmacology • Relationship with aging Editor-in-Chief • • Epidemiology/environmental Donald B. Calne impact factors Pacific Parkinson’s Research • Neuroimaging • Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Hospital • Neurotoxicology and Health Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada • Fast peer review using online submission and peer review system Associate editors • Publication online as fast as 14 weeks from Y. Mizuno, Japan acceptance • Publication in print on average within 25 weeks E.Ch. Wolters, The Netherlands from acceptance Z.K. Wszolek, USA Submit your article online at http://ees.elsevier.com/parkreldis/

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WORLD NEUROLOGY, VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2007 Visit the WFN website at http://www.wfneurology.org