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FM 3-19.15, Civil Disturbance Operations

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FM 3-19.15, Civil Disturbance Operations FM 3-19.15 CIVIL DISTURBANCE OPERATIONS Headquarters, Department of the Army April 2005 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication is available at Army Knowledge Online (www.us.army.mil) and General Dennis J. Reimer Training and Doctrine Digital Library at (http://www.train.army.mil) *FM 3-19.15 (FM 19-15) Field Manual Headquarters No. 3-19.15 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 18 April 2005 Civil Disturbance Operations Contents Page PREFACE .................................................................................................................. iv Chapter 1 OPERATIONAL THREATS OF THE CIVIL DISTURBANCE ENVIRONMENT...... 1-1 General Causes for Civil Unrest............................................................................... 1-1 Crowd Development................................................................................................. 1-2 Gatherings................................................................................................................ 1-2 Crowd Building ......................................................................................................... 1-4 Dispersal Process of a Gathering ............................................................................ 1-4 Crowd Dynamics ..................................................................................................... 1-5 Crowd Types ............................................................................................................ 1-6 Crowd Tactics .......................................................................................................... 1-7 Tactics Used to Defeat Authorities .......................................................................... 1-9 Weapons .................................................................................................................. 1-9 Chapter 2 CONTROL FORCE OPERATIONS ......................................................................... 2-1 Civil Disturbance Planning Considerations .............................................................. 2-1 Legal Considerations ............................................................................................... 2-9 Multinational Operations ........................................................................................ 2-12 Scalable Effects ..................................................................................................... 2-12 Chapter 3 APPREHENSION, SEARCH, AND DETENTION.................................................... 3-1 Legal Considerations ............................................................................................... 3-1 Types of Subjects..................................................................................................... 3-2 Apprehension ........................................................................................................... 3-3 Chapter 4 RIOT SHIELD AND RIOT BATON TECHNIQUES.................................................. 4-1 Overview .................................................................................................................. 4-1 Riot Shield................................................................................................................ 4-1 ______________________ Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes FM 19-15, 25 November 1985. i Contents Page Riot Baton................................................................................................................ 4-3 Working as a Team ............................................................................................... 4-21 Nonlethal Munitions ............................................................................................... 4-22 Chapter 5 NONLETHAL CAPABILITIES SET AND EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS.... 5-1 Personnel Protectors ............................................................................................... 5-1 Personnel Effectors ................................................................................................. 5-4 Mission Enhancers ................................................................................................ 5-12 Core Capabilities .................................................................................................. 5-20 Additional Capabilities .......................................................................................... 5-22 Employment Considerations.................................................................................. 5-22 Nonlethal Weapons Capabilities in Formations..................................................... 5-22 Chapter 6 CIVIL DISTURBANCE FORMATIONS ................................................................... 6-1 Overview.................................................................................................................. 6-1 Actions Before Movement ....................................................................................... 6-2 Rally Point Actions................................................................................................... 6-3 Control Force Formations ....................................................................................... 6-3 Extraction Team Operations.................................................................................. 6-10 Lethal Overwatch Teams ...................................................................................... 6-11 Reserve Forces ..................................................................................................... 6-12 Squad Formations ................................................................................................. 6-13 Chapter 7 CIVIL DISTURBANCE OPERATIONS IN CONFINEMENT FACILITIES ............... 7-1 Crowd Dynamics Within the Confinement Facility .................................................. 7-1 Use of Chemical Irritants ........................................................................................ 7-3 Record of Events ..................................................................................................... 7-7 Training.................................................................................................................... 7-7 Equipment ............................................................................................................... 7-8 Riot Control Formations........................................................................................... 7-9 Apprehension Teams .............................................................................................. 7-9 Forced Cell Move Teams ...................................................................................... 7-12 Chapter 8 CIVIL DISTURBANCE TRAINING.......................................................................... 8-1 Unit Training Strategy Development........................................................................ 8-1 Training Plan Development ..................................................................................... 8-1 Range Setup............................................................................................................ 8-2 Appendix A METRIC CONVERSION CHART ............................................................................ A-1 Appendix B OPERATIONS AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES .................................................................................................................. B-1 Federal Intervention and Aid ................................................................................... B-1 Roles and Responsibilities of Various Agencies...................................................... B-2 State and Local Government Responsibilities......................................................... B-3 ii FM 3-19.15 18 April 2005 Contents Page Legal Considerations and Constraints .................................................................... B-5 Support to Civil Law Enforcement .......................................................................... B-9 Lead Agency Concept and Role of Military .......................................................... B-12 Appendix C URBAN TERRAIN ANALYSIS ............................................................................... C-1 Significant Factors................................................................................................... C-1 Urban Terrain Types ............................................................................................... C-2 Urban Form and Function ....................................................................................... C-5 Urban Society.......................................................................................................... C-6 Urban Infrastructure ............................................................................................... C-6 Appendix D PRACTICAL APPLICATION .................................................................................. D-1 Overview ................................................................................................................. D-1 Procedures.............................................................................................................. D-1 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................ Glossary-1 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................
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