DOCSLIB.ORG

[Book . Duration the Most Permanent

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
[Book . Duration the Most Permanent THE ROYAL FAMILY. , [Book . duration the most permanent. It was the duty of an expounder of our laws to lay this constitution before the student in its true and genuine light: it is the duty of every good Englishman to understand, to revere, to defend it. (11) CHAPTER IV. OF THE KING'S ROYAL FAMILY. The first and most considerable branch of the king's royal family, regarded by the laws of England, is the queen. The queen of England is either queen regent, queen consort, or queen dowager. The queen regent, regnant, or sovereign, is she who holds the crown in her own right; as the first (and perhaps the second) Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, and Queen Anne; and such a one has the same powers, prerogatives, rights, digni- ties, and duties, as if she had been a king. This was observed in the entrance of the last chapter, and is expressly declared by statute 1 Mar. I, st. 3, c. 1. But the queen consort is the wife of the reigning king; and she, by virtue of her marriage, is participant of divers prerogatives above other women. (a) And first, she is a public person, exempt and distinct from the king: and not, like other married women, so closely connected as to have lost all legal or separate existence so long as the marriage continues. For the queen is of (a) Finch. L. 86. (11) By the constitution of the United States the president, who is the federal executive, is chosen by electors, who are themselves chosen by the people of the several states to perform that duty. Each state appoints in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a num- ber of 6lectors equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the state may be entitled in congress: Const. art. 2, § 1; and those electors meet in the respective states and vote by ballot for president and vice-president, one of the persons voted for, at least, not being an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; the result of which voting is transmitted to the seat of government, and canvassed in joint convention of the two houses of congress. If no one person have a majority of all the votes cast for president, the house of representatives proceeds immediately to choose a president by ballot, from the persons, not exceeding three, having the highest number of votes; but in this election they vote by states, the representation of each state being entitled to one vote, and a majority of all the states being necessary to a choice. If no person has a majority of all the votes cast for vice-presi- dent, the senate, from the two highest numbers on the list, chooses a vice-president; a majority vote of a quorum of two-thirds of all the senators being requisite to an election. Const. 12th amendment. No person is eligible to either of these offices except a natural born citizen, or one who was a citizen at the time of the adoption of the constitution, and who has attained the age of thirty-five years. Const. art. 2, § 1. In case of the removal of the president from office or of his death, resignation or inability to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the same devolve on the vice-president. Const. art. 2, 1. And in case of vacancy in the office of vice-president, then such powers and duties devolve upon the president pro tern. of the senate, or, if there be no such officer, then upon the speaker of the house of representatives for the time being. 1 Stat. at Large, 239. And if the house of representatives shall not choose a president when the right devolves upon them, by the fourth day of March next following, the vice-president becomes acting president, as in case of the death or other constitutional disability of the president. Const. 12th amendment. The president and vice-president, like all other civil officers, are subject to be removed from office, on impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Const. art. 2, § 4. By the constitution, as originally adopte(, the electors chosen in the states cast their votes for two persons, without designating which was their choice for president and which for vice- president, and the persons having the highest number, if a majority of all, became president, and the one having the next highest number, if a majority, became vice-president; but, when party lines came to be distinctly drawn, so that the candidates of one party, in the absence of intrigue or bad faith, were likely always to receive the same number of votes, the purpose of this scheme of election was wholly defeated, and the constitution, after the exciting election of Mr. Jefferson by the house of representatives, over Mr. Burr, who had been candidate before the people for the second ppsition only, was changed as above shown. 140 Chap. 4.] OF THE QUEEN REGENT. ability to purchase lands, and to convey them, to make leases, to grant copy- holds, and do other acts of ownership, without the concurrence of her lord; which no other married woman can do: (b) a privilege as old as the Saxon era.(c) She is also capable of taking a grant from the king, which no other wife is from her husband; and in this particular she agrees with the Augusta, or pii.ssma regina conjux divi imperatoris of the Roman laws; who according to Justinian, (d) was equally *capable of making a grant to, and receiv- ing one from, the emperor. The queen of England hath separate courts [*21 and offices distinct from the king's, not only in matters of ceremony, but even of law; and her attorney and solicitor general are entitled to a place within the bar of his majesty's courts, together with the king's counsel.(e) She may like- wise sue and be sued alone, without joining her husband. She may also have a separate property in goods, as well as lands, and has a right to dispose of them by will. In short, she is in all legal proceedings looked upon as a feme sole, and not as a feme covert; as a single, not as a married woman, (f) For which the reason given by Sir Edward Coke is this: because the wisdom of the common law would not have the king, (whose continual care and study is for the public, and circa ardua regni,) to be troubled and disquieted on account of his wife's domestic affairs; and therefore it vests in the queen a power of transacting her own concerns, without the intervention of the king, as if she was an unmarried woman. The queen. hath also many exemptions and minute prerogatives. For instance: she pays no toll; (g) nor is she liable to amercement in any court.(h) But in general, unless where the law has expressly declared her exempted, she is upon the same footing with other subjects; being to all intents and purposes, the king' subject, and not his equal: in like manner as, in the imperial law, "Augusta legibus soluta non est."(i) The queen hath also some pecuniary advantages, which form her a distinct revenue: as in the first place, she is entitled to an ancient perquisite called queen-gold, aurum reginw, which is a royal revenue, belonging to every queen consort during her marriage with the king, and due from every person who hath made a voluntary offering or fine to the king, amounting to ten marks or upwards, for and in consideration of any privileges, grants, licences, pardons, or *other matter of royal favour conferred upon him by the king: and it r*220] is due in the proportion of one tenth part more, over and above the entire L*220 offering or fine made to the king; and becomes an actual debt of record to the queen's majesty by the mere recording of the fine. (k) (1) As, if an hundred marks of silver. be given to the king for liberty to take in mortmain, or to have a fair, market, park, chase, or free-warren: there the queen is entitled to ten marks in silver, or (what was formerly an equivalent denomination) to one mark in gold, by the name of queen-gold, or aurum regince. (1) But no such payment is due for any aids or subsidies granted to the king in parliament or convocation; nor for fines imposed by courts on offenders, against their will; nor for voluntary presents to the king, without any consideration moving from him to the subject; nor for any sale or contract whereby the present revenues or possessions of the crown are granted away or diminished. (m) The original revenue of our ancient queens, before and soon after the con- quest, seems to have consisted in certain reservations or rents out of the demesne lands of the crown, which were expressly appropriated to her majesty, distinct from the king. It is frequent, in domesday book, after specifying the rent (b)4 Rep. 23. (e) Seld. Jan.Angl. 1, 42. The instance meant, loc.citat, Is where Ethelswith, wife to Burghred, king of the Mercians, granted a patent to Cathwals. (d) Cod. 5,16, 26. (e) Seld. tit. hon. 1 6, 7. (F) Finch. L. 86. Co. Litt. 133. (q)Co. Litt. 133. (h)Finch. L. 185. (1) 'f.1, 3,31. (k) -Pryn.Aur. reg. 2. () 12 Rep. Wi.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Court of Versailles: the Reign of Louis XIV
    Court of Versailles: The Reign of Louis XIV BearMUN 2020 Chair: Tarun Sreedhar Crisis Director: Nicole Ru Table of Contents Welcome Letters 2 France before Louis XIV 4 Religious History in France 4 Rise of Calvinism 4 Religious Violence Takes Hold 5 Henry IV and the Edict of Nantes 6 Louis XIII 7 Louis XIII and Huguenot Uprisings 7 Domestic and Foreign Policy before under Louis XIII 9 The Influence of Cardinal Richelieu 9 Early Days of Louis XIV’s Reign (1643-1661) 12 Anne of Austria & Cardinal Jules Mazarin 12 Foreign Policy 12 Internal Unrest 15 Louis XIV Assumes Control 17 Economy 17 Religion 19 Foreign Policy 20 War of Devolution 20 Franco-Dutch War 21 Internal Politics 22 Arts 24 Construction of the Palace of Versailles 24 Current Situation 25 Questions to Consider 26 Character List 31 BearMUN 2020 1 Delegates, My name is Tarun Sreedhar and as your Chair, it's my pleasure to welcome you to the Court of Versailles! Having a great interest in European and political history, I'm eager to observe how the court balances issues regarding the French economy and foreign policy, all the while maintaining a good relationship with the King regardless of in-court politics. About me: I'm double majoring in Computer Science and Business at Cal, with a minor in Public Policy. I've been involved in MUN in both the high school and college circuits for 6 years now. Besides MUN, I'm also involved in tech startup incubation and consulting both on and off-campus. When I'm free, I'm either binging TV (favorite shows are Game of Thrones, House of Cards, and Peaky Blinders) or rooting for the Lakers.
    [Show full text]
  • Victorian Representations of Mary, Queen of Scots and Elizabeth I
    College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU Honors Theses, 1963-2015 Honors Program 2015 Victorian Representations of Mary, Queen of Scots and Elizabeth I Grace K. Butkowski College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/honors_theses Part of the European History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Women's History Commons Recommended Citation Butkowski, Grace K., "Victorian Representations of Mary, Queen of Scots and Elizabeth I" (2015). Honors Theses, 1963-2015. 69. https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/honors_theses/69 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses, 1963-2015 by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Grace Butkowski Victorian Representations of Mary, Queen of Scots and Elizabeth I The rivalry of Mary, Queen of Scots and her English cousin Elizabeth I is a storied one that has consumed both popular and historical imaginations since the two queens reigned in the sixteenth century. It is often portrayed as a tale of contrasts: on one end, Gloriana with her fabled red hair and virginity, the bastion of British culture and Protestant values, valiantly defending England against the schemes of the Spanish and their Armada. On the other side is Mary, Queen of Scots, the enchanting and seductive French-raised Catholic, whose series of tragic, murderous marriages gave birth to both the future James I of England and to schemes surrounding the English throne.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary, Queen of Scots: Fact Sheet for Teachers
    MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS: FACT SHEET FOR TEACHERS Mary, Queen of Scots is one of the most famous figures WHO’S WHO? in history. Her life was full of drama – from becoming queen at just six days old to her execution at the age of 44. Plots, JAMES V – Mary, Queen of Scots’ father. bloodshed, abdication, high politics, religious strife, romance He built the great tower which still survives and rivalry, Mary was a renaissance monarch who was at the Palace of Holyroodhouse. affected by and contributed to a momentous period of upheaval and uncertainty in the British Isles. MARY OF GUISE – Mary, Queen of Scots’ mother. She was French and became the regent (effectively The Palace of Holyroodhouse was one of her most the ruler) when Mary was a child and living in France. important homes, with many of the most significant events of her reign taking place within its walls. FRANCIS II – Mary, Queen of Scots’ first husband. Mary married him in 1558 when he was the Dauphin, heir to the French throne. After they married Mary gave him the title of King of Scots. He died in 1560, a year after he became King of France. WHY WAS MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS JOHN KNOX – a Protestant preacher who helped lead SO IMPORTANT? the Scottish Reformation and who was a fierce opponent of Mary because she was a Catholic and a woman ruler. She was Queen of Scots from 6 days old, and when she was an adult she became the first woman to HENRY, LORD DARNLEY – Darnely was a cousin of rule Scotland in her own right.
    [Show full text]
  • Relations Between Portugal and Castile in the Late Middle Ages – 13Th-16Th Centuries
    Relations between Portugal and Castile in the Late Middle Ages – 13th-16th centuries Vicente Ángel Álvarez Palenzuela Autonoma University of Madrid [email protected] Abstract A study of the intense diplomatic relations maintained between the Portuguese and Leonese, afterwards Castilian-Leonese, monarchies throughout the Middle Ages. They were dotted with a series of agreements relating to the internal problems of each kingdom, the mutual relations and the general political situation in the Iberian Peninsula. These relations, except for specific moments of brief warfare, which were sometimes very serious, were friendly and familiar. This didn’t exclude the occurrence of frictions resulting from contrary interests. On both sides of the frontier very similar problems were faced: dynastic confrontations or rebellions of the nobility in which both monarchies usually collaborated closely. Castilian expansion and the resulting imbalance of power in its favour, was the cause of the gravest tensions. Key words Diplomatic Relations, Castile, International Treaties Relations between the Portuguese monarchy and the monarchies of Leon or Castile (the Kingdom of Castile was the historical continuation of the Kingdom of Leon) after the unification of the latter two kingdoms show a profundity, intensity and continuity not to be found among any of the other peninsular kingdoms during the Middle Ages, even though these were also very close. The bond between the two went far beyond merely diplomatic relations. The matrimonial unions between the two
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Review the Outline of My Research Topic Will Encompass
    Literature Review The outline of my research topic will encompass Anne of Denmark’s role as queen consort in Scotland and England, from 1589 to 1619, in order to investigate her political influence. To fully understand Anna’s political role, recent historiography surrounding influential women in early modern England and, in particular, the role of the queen consort will be evaluated in depth. My research will contribute to these two growing fields and fill a gap by re-examining Anna, who historians once considered frivolous and vain. Accompanied by re-definitions of high politics at one end of the spectrum and court masques at the other, a re-assessment of her character throughout her reign as queen consort of Scotland and England is accordingly needed. The value of analysing Anna in a political light will be demonstrated in this essay through an examination of the historiography surrounding influential women in early modern England, queen consorts in general and then Anna herself. Previous study has excluded women from high politics because it was considered part of the public sphere, rather than the private sphere that they belonged to. In her article ‘Women and Politics in Early Tudor England’, Harris challenges the traditional view of high politics by emphasising its redefinition to include the influence of women.1 Sara Mendelson and Patricia Crawford’s book, Women in Early Modern England, echoes this view. Although women exercised some influence in high politics, this is not 1 B. Harris., ‘Women and Politics in Early Tudor England’, The Historical Journal, 33:2 (1990), pp.259-281, p.259.
    [Show full text]
  • Tom Watson's Article
    Joanna of Navarre, the “invisible” Queen of England by Natalia Rodríguez-Salcedo and Tom Watson Above the Cathedral’s north aisle and close to the crossing, is the window celebrating the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1936. Look higher up the window and you will see two other figures. (Fig 1) On the left is Henry IV and to the right is his second wife and queen-consort, Joan of Navarre, whom he married in 1403 at the Cathedral. The historical novelist Anne O’Brien recently called Joan (or Joanna) of Navarre (Juana de Navarra) a queen who was “more invisible than most” [1], but Joan was not only long-lived but a highly successful consort in two realms and once a regent. Fig 1 Images of Henry IV and Joan of Navarre in the Coronation Window designed by Hugh Easton Photos: Simon Newman Joan was probably born at Evreux in northern France on 10 July 1370, and died on 9 July 1437 at Havering-atte-Bower, Essex. [2] She was Duchess consort of Brittany and Queen consort of England. Joan was the regent of Brittany from 1399 until 1403 during the minority of her son John. 1 A member of the Evreux family, she was a daughter of King Charles II of Navarre (later called Charles the Bad) and Joan of Valois, daughter of Jean II of France. Aged sixteen she first married the nearly thirty-years-older Duke John IV of Brittany (Jean de Montfort), who had two English wives before her, at Saillé-près- Guérande on 2 September 1386.
    [Show full text]
  • The Subversive Court of Louise Bénédicte De Bourbon, Daughter-In-Law of the Sun King (1700–1718)”
    Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Conference, 8–10 April 2021 Jordan D. Hallmark, Portland State University, graduate student, “Parody, Performance, and Conspiracy in Early Eighteenth-Century France: The Subversive Court of Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon, Daughter-in-Law of the Sun King (1700–1718)” Abstract: This paper examines how the French princess Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon, duchesse du Maine (1676–1753), the wife of Louis XIV’s illegitimate son, the duc du Maine, established an exclusive court at her château de Sceaux beginning in the year 1700 that challenged the centralized cultural system of the French monarchical state. Located twenty kilometers away from the rigid and controlling political center of Versailles, the court of the duchesse du Maine subverted social norms by inventing and performing parodies of court protocols, chivalric orders, emblems, and other forms of monarchical imagery. In a time and place where women were both legally and socially barred from holding positions of authority, the duchesse du Maine created a parallel world in which she was the sovereign, presiding over a court of important political, cultural, and intellectual figures, including the philosopher Voltaire. By considering the significance of this subversive court culture in the context of the factional divisions and dynastic crises emerging in the last years of Louis XIV’s reign, this paper will show how the seemingly frivolous aristocratic divertissements of the duchesse du Maine and her circle were informed by political, social, and dynastic ambitions that would culminate in a conspiracy to overthrow the French regent, Philippe d’Orléans, in 1718. “Parody, Performance, and Conspiracy in Early Eighteenth-Century France: The Subversive Court of Louise-Bénédicte de Bourbon, Daughter-In-Law of the Sun King (1700–1718)” by Jordan D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Order of Service for the Funeral of Queen
    62548 Queen Mother Funeral Cov 5/4/02 2:56 am Page 2 Westminster Abbey FUNERAL of HER MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH THE QUEEN MOTHER Tuesday 9 April 2002 at 11.30 am 62548 Queen Mother Funeral Page 6/4/02 3:51 am Page 1 You can shed tears that she is gone or you can smile because she has lived. You can close your eyes and pray that she’ll come back or you can open your eyes and see all she’s left. Your heart can be empty because you can’t see her or you can be full of the love you shared. You can turn your back on tomorrow and live yesterday or you can be happy for tomorrow because of yesterday. You can remember her and only that she’s gone or you can cherish her memory and let it live on. You can cry and close your mind, be empty and turn your back or you can do what she’d want: smile, open your eyes, love and go on. Not known 1 62548 Queen Mother Funeral Page 6/4/02 3:51 am Page 2 2 62548 Queen Mother Funeral Page 6/4/02 3:51 am Page 3 The whole of the church is served by a hearing loop. Users should turn their hearing aid to the setting marked T. Mobile phones and pagers must be switched OFF. The service is sung by the Choir of Westminster Abbey (Organist and Master of the Choristers, James O’Donnell) and the Choir of Her Majesty’s Chapels Royal (Organist, Choirmaster and Composer, Andrew Gant).
    [Show full text]
  • And Queen Dowager (1837-1849) 1818-1849 (Compiled by J
    Household of Princess Adelaide, Duchess of Clarence (1818-1830), Queen (1830-1837), and Queen Dowager (1837-1849) 1818-1849 (compiled by J. C. Sainty and R. O. Bucholz) Anderson, James M. S. Chaplain at Brighton occ. 1834-1850 (RK [1834], p. 128; last occ. [as Chaplain] ibid. [1850-sic], p. 157). Vac. 2 Dec. 1849 on d. of Queen Adelaide. Andrews, Magnus W. Apothecary occ. 1834 (RK [1834], p. 128). Vac. by 1835 (RK [1835], p. 128). --Apothecary to the Household occ. 1834-1835 (RK [1834], p. 128; last occ. ibid. [1835], p. 128). Vac. by 1836 (RK [1836], p. 129). Arnold, Elizabeth Assistant Dresser occ. 1837 (RK [1837], p. 129). First Dresser occ. 1838-1850 (RK [1838], p. 130; last occ. ibid. [1850-sic], p. 157). Vac. 2 Dec. 1849 on d. of Queen Adelaide. Ashley, Hon. William Vice Chamberlain occ. 1832-1844 (RK [1832], p. 128; last occ. ibid. [1844], p. 158]). Vice Chamberlain and Almoner occ. 1845-1846 (RK [1845], p. 157; last occ. ibid. [1846], p. 157). Vice Chamberlain occ. 1847-1850 (RK [1847], p. 158; last occ. ibid. [1850-sic], p. 156 ). Vac. 2 Dec. 1849 on d. of Queen Adelaide. --Treasurer app. 27 Oct. 1834 (GM [1834], n.s. II, 640). Occ. 1835-1844 (RK [1835], p. 128; last occ. ibid. [1844], p. 158). Office no further occ. Arnott (Arnold), James M. Surgeon Extraordinary app. 23 July 1830 (GM [1830], c (2), 76). Occ. 1831-1850 (RK [1831], p. 127; last occ. ibid. [1850-sic], p. 157). Vac. 2 Dec. 1849 on d. of Queen Adelaide.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of Noble Landed Property in Premyslide Bohemia
    JOSEPH ZEMLICKA Origins of Noble Landed Property in Premyslide Bohemia ABSTRACT This paper explores the Iransformations ofBohemian (and Moravian) elites from archaic tribat leadership through "retainer aristocracy" of the early Premyslide rulers to landed nobility ofthe high Middle Ages. Detailed information on secular landownership is available only from 1100onward, but it is sufficient to establish that the magnates, who obtainedjurisdiction over castle-estatesfrom the dukes only gradually tried to transform these into hereditary landed property. The great landowners kept using their position as officers ofthe crown and their income from their share of ducal revenues parallel to building up their fa mily estates. This process is investigated on several examples, such as the growth of seigneurial as opposed to ducal cast/es, and the connection between internal colonisation and growth of landed estates. The author argues that this "roundabout way" of the emergence of secular landownership was inevitable because ofthe limited resour­ ces ofthe land and the strength ofthe ducal power based partly on the confiscated estates ofrival duces. Only afterthe expansionof cultivated land, increase ofservile dues, and efficient estate management was the nobility able to shed its official character and become a more or less independent economic, social, and-gradu­ ally-also political, fo rce. The origin of medieval nobility in Bohernia and Moravia has been studied by many historians. Franti�ek Palacky assigned a major role to the nobility under the Pfemyslide and Luxemburg dynasties. However, be argued that legally differentiated estates and what he called "feudal" society emerged only after 1250 A.D. (Palacky 1876, 15-17).
    [Show full text]
  • Corneille-Madeleine-De-France.Pdf
    A CONNOISSEUR’S EYE 2. CORNEILLE DE LYON (c.1500 – 1575) Madeleine of France, later Queen Consort of Scotland (1520 – 1537) 1 5 Oil on panel: 5 ⁄2 × 4 ⁄8 in. (13.8 × 11.8 cm.) With an old hand-written label from the 19th century (verso), erroneously identifying the sitter as Renée of France, Duchess of Ferrara Painted between September 1536 – May 1537 PROVENANCE Private collection, France, from at least the mid-19th century, and very likely substantially longer, until 2019. In association with Agnews Gallery his newly discovered, unpublished and beautifully preserved portrait by Corneille de La Haye, Tcalled Corneille de Lyon, depicts Madeleine of France (1520 – 1537), the ffh child and third daughter of the French king, François Ier (1494 – 1547).1 It was painted when the artist was at the height of his powers at the Valois court in Lyon, and is very likely a royal commission. At the time, the sixteen-year-old princess was being courted by James V of Scotland (1512 – 1542), becoming 1. We are grateful to Professor Philippe Bordes engaged and subsequently married to the twenty-four-year-old in January 1537. She had been and Dr. Alexandra Zvereva painted some fourteen years earlier as a baby, by Jean Clouet, one of the greatest of all 16th century for their confrmation of the attribution. court artists, a painting formerly with Te Weiss Gallery in 2007. JEAN CLOUET c.(1485 – 1541) Madeleine of France (1520 – 1536) © Private collection, UK, formerly with The Weiss Gallery 18 THE WEISS GALLERY ACTUAL SIZE 19 A CONNOISSEUR’S EYE Te singular virtuosity with which Corneille has captured her sweet and somewhat wistful expression places this portrait amongst the most ravishingly beautiful and endearing of all Corneille’s oeuvre.
    [Show full text]
  • Serving Isabella of France: from Queen Consort to Dowager Queen
    Serving Isabella of France 169 Chapter 7 Serving Isabella of France: From Queen Consort to Dowager Queen Caroline Dunn In 1358, the dowager queen of England was dying. She was in her mid-sixties and had lived a more eventful life than many queens. Brought up at the French court and married to Edward II of England at the age of twelve, life took a dramatic turn for Isabella when she and her lover, Roger Mortimer, staged a coup against the king and placed her young son on the throne while she served as effective queen-regent of England between 1327 and 1330.1 Her remaining decades were quieter, but Isabella was by no means as permanently secluded (or imprisoned) as earlier chroniclers alleged.2 On her deathbed at Hertford castle on 22 August 1358, Isabella was attended by Joan of Bar, countess of Surrey, who had been her longstanding attendant and confidante for most of the years since Isabella’s arrival in England. The former queen was prob- ably also surrounded by all or most of the eight ladies and damsels known to have been in her service the previous January: Agnes Paumart, Isabella de St. Pol, Joan de Corby, Marie Whithors, Katherine Bronart, Matilda Bret, Margaret Bedyk, and Agnes Anget. Although the number of attendants was not signifi- cantly lower than the thirteen ladies and damsels who earned livery for waiting upon the young queen in 1311, their degrees of status, as we will see, were not comparable. Although Isabella’s life is well documented and her role as queen has been assessed by both scholarly works and popular biographies, the identities, duties, and experiences of her household attendants have been little explored.
    [Show full text]