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Impacts of a Regional High-Speed Intercity Passenger Train System on Small Metropolitan Communities: a Case Study- the Lansing Metropolitan Area, Michigan

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Impacts of a Regional High-Speed Intercity Passenger Train System on Small Metropolitan Communities: a Case Study- the Lansing Metropolitan Area, Michigan INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction, 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “ Missing Page(s)” . If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department, 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Micrdrilms International 300 N. Zoob Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8224435 Hagiwara, Shun'ichi IMPACTS OF A REGIONAL HIGH-SPEED INTERCITY PASSENGER TRAIN SYSTEM ON SMALL METROPOLITAN COMMUNITIES: A CASE STUDY- THE LANSING METROPOLITAN AREA, MICHIGAN Michigan State University Ph.D. 1982 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all ca se s this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . t. Glossy photographs or p a g e s______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background______ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy__ 6. 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Other __________________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International IMPACTS OF A REGIONAL HIGH-SPEED INTERCITY PASSENGER TRAIN SYSTEM ON SMALL METROPOLITAN COMMUNITIES: A Case Study— The Lansing Metropolitan Area, Michigan By Shun'ichi Hagiwara A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY College of Social Science 1982 ABSTRACT IMPACTS OF A REGIONAL HIGH-SPEED INTERCITY PASSENGER TRAIN SYSTEM ON SMALL METROPOLITAN COMMUNITIES: A Case Study— The Lansing Metropolitan Area, Michigan By Shun'ichi Hagiwara To date, the intercity passenger in the United States has principally relied upon such transportation modes as the automobile and the airplane. However, progressively worsening energy resource conditions have made future dependency on such liquid fuel oriented modes of transportation uncertain. The necessity for the development of an alternative transportation mode for the intercity passenger travel market has become increasingly apparent. One alternative mode, the high-speed, intercity passenger train system (HSIPT), could be the most appropriate answer to such a need. The research for this dissertation was undertaken to examine the probable impacts which would likely occur if a HSIPT system were to be developed in the Great Lakes Midwest Region. The specific local area selected for this impact study was the Lansing Metropolitan Area, located in the middle of the lower peninsula of Michigan. Shun'ichi Hagiwara The methods utilized for this impact study were the models of "Population Potential" and "Population Energy." For the local level/ the "p-Mediam Problem" was adopted to assure objectivity in the selection of a site for the HSIPT system terminal. The "attraction-accessibility model" was used to analyze the probable impacts which would flow outwardly from the HSIPT system terminal site to the surrounding areas within the Lansing Metropolitan Area. The results of the application of the "Population Potential" and "Population Energy" models indicate that the communities of Grand Rapids (MI), Columbus (OH) , Cincinnati (OH), Kalamazoo (MI), and Indianapolis (IN) were likely to be most influenced by the creation of a HSIPT system. Other communities likely to experience impacts from the creation of a HSIPT system, though less dramatically than the first five, are: Detroit (MI), Cleveland (OH), Lansing (MI), and London, Ontario (Canada). The results of the application of the "p-Median Problem" and the "attraction- accessibility model" indicate that the creation of a HSIPT system in a local community will likely result in the metamorphosis of the existing urban area. However, prudent location decisions for the various HSIPT system facilities can minimize negative impacts on farm lands, forests, flood plains, and groundwater. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation research would not have been possible without the direct assistance of many people and my sincere apologies, as well as my grateful thanks, are due to those whose names are excluded from the necessarily brief list which follows. Professors on my dissertation committee to whom X owe a particular debt include: Dr. Raleigh Barlowe of Resource Development, Dr. Roger E. Hamlin of Urban Planning, Dr. John L. Hazard of Marketing and Transportation Administration, Dr. Robert I. Wittick of Geography, and Professor Myles G. Boylan of Urban Planning. They gave the firm criticism and supportive direction which were frequently needed to improve my dissertation research. My special thanks should go to Professor Boylan, the chairman of my dissertation committee, whose guidance, support, and enthusiasm during the past four years were invaluable. I should also like to thank Dr. Rene Hinojosa of Urban Planning who enthusiastically and patiently helped me to develop the necessary computer programs for this dissertation. ii I also wish to extend my special thanks to Dr. Craig Harris of Sociology whose constructive comments improved my dissertation greatly. There are a number of other individuals who have also contributed time and expertise to this dissertation project. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Etsuo Yamamura of the University of Hokkaido, Mr. Akira Iriyama of the Japanese National Railways, Mr. Bud Thar of the Center for International Transportation Exchange, Mr. William R. Enslin of the Center for Remote Sensing, and Mr. Jason Whittier of the Lansing Tri-County Regional Planning Commission. Also, very special thanks should be extended to my friend, William G. Marx, whose expertise in English, diligence, guidance, and criticism in editing and proofreading improved this dissertation significantly. Finally, to my wife Miwako and sons, Gaku and Tadashi, I wish to express my heartfelt thanks for the encouragement and love they have given me throughout the period of my studies at Michigan State University. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ................................. 1 Background of the Problem {The Issue of Transportation Gaps) ................... 3 Research Objectives ................ 9 Research Assumptions ...................... 10 Limits of the Research Scope and S u b s t a n c e .............................. 15 Research Methodology ..................... 16 II. NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-SPEED INTERCITY PASSENGER TRAIN SYSTEMS ........ 25 State-of-the-Art of High-Speed Intercity Passenger Train Systems ............... 25 The Roles of a HSIPT System on the Development Process {Case Study: The Shin Kansen and the Japanese Development Process) ................... 37 The Phased Development of the Shin Kansen and the Japanese Development Process ................... 44 Role of High-Speed/ Intercity Passenger Train Systems on Human Contacts and Transactions ............................ 63 Positive and Negative Aspects Inherent in the Development of a HSIPT System . 8 0 III. PROBABLE IMPACTS OF THE CREATION OF A HIGH-SPEED INTERCITY PASSENGER TRAIN SYSTEM: THE GREAT LAKES MIDWEST REGION - A CASE S T U D Y ...................... 86 Development of the Relationales for the Great Lakes HSIPT System Corridors .. 86 Concepts of "Population Potential" and "Population Energy" as Indices to Measure
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