Surveillance System in Nepal

IED threat in Nepal

Geneva 16- 19, 2015

Nepal Nepal was declared minefield free in 201

IEDs continue to injure and kill people in Nepal Device-wise Casualties by Victim -activated Explosions (90% casualties from IEDs: 2006-2014) IEDs – Smaller

UNICEF/NEPIMAGE 01299/ H LAURENGE ©

UNICEF/NEPIMAGE 01277/ H LAURENGE © IEDs replaced guns and fire arms in Nepal

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38 people died and 78 were injured

• 2005: Development of a Media-based Surveillance System on Victim-Activated Explosions in 75 districts • 2006: Transformed into a Community-based active Surveillance System • 2008: Expanded to Intentional Explosions • 2009: Expanded to all types of Armed Violence (including: small arms, mines, ERW and other IEDs)

The term 'Surveillance' as used in the public health field, refers to the ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of health information. Surveillance system and MRE, VA and IEDD

Who Target populations

How many Severity/Justification Where Geographic targeting Why Appropriate messages What Type of devices Surveillance When Time pattern

Prioritization ! ISS and Mine Risk Education

2005-07 2008-2011 2008-2011 2012-13

LAURENGE UNICEF/NEPIMAGE 01260/ H UNICEF/NEPIMAGE © ©

‘Socket Bomb’ ‘Sutali Bomb’ first IED first IED ‘Sutali Bomb’ reflected in responsible for responsible for MRE material VAE VAE Civilian Casualties from Victim-Activated Explosions in Nepal (2006 up to Dec 2014) Total: 585 Casualties Children (54 %)

HUMLA 6 DARCHULA 3 BAJHANG 1 BAITADI MUGU 1 4 BAJURA

DADEL- 2 5 6 1 JUMLA 4 DHURA DOTI KALIKOT DOLPA ACHHAM

5 MUSTANG KANCHAN- 2 PUR DAILEKH 26 JAJARKOT KAILALI 3 RUKUM MANANG 2 SURKHET 1 1 MYAGDI SALYAN 10 BARDIYA KASKI GORKHA 1 ROLPA LAMJUNG 4 4 PARBAT 6 RASUWA BANKE PYUT- 8 HAN GULMI 2 TANAHU 3 DANG ARGHAK SYANGJA SINDHU- 10 HACHI 9 NUWAKOT PALCHOK PALPA DOLAKHA DHADING KATHMMANDU KAPIL- RUPAN- 6 9 NAWAL BHAK SULUK- 2 BASTU DEHI PARASI CHITWAN 1 HUMBU SANKHUWA- TAPLEJUNG MAKAWAN- LALIT KAVRE SABA PUR 3 3 OKHAL- PARSA DHUNGA SINDHULI 1 3 Casualties 15 13 KHOTANG TERHA- 8 3 BHOJ- BARA 3 2 THUM RAUT- 20 12 PUR PANCHTHAR AHAT DHAN- SARLAHI MAHO- UDAYAPUR No casualties 3 KUTA TARI DHA 8 ILAM NUSA SIRAHA 15 4 or less 8 8 MORANG SAPTARI SUNSARI JHAPA 5 to 9 32 10 or more Example: It tells not only about districts but also affected villages

Most affected Shindhuli Narayankhola 1 in (1ca) 27 Mar 2009 village 1 in (2ca) 5 Jul 2009 Atrouli Pattharkot Dhungrekhola 1 in (1ca) Parwanipur Karmaiya 10 Dec 2009 Hariyon Sasapur 1 in (1ca) 5 Fe 2011 Netraganj Kalinjor Dhurkauli 1 in (1ca); Lalbandi 29 Feb 2008 Rajghat Sankarpur Most affected Raniganj Jabdi 1 in (3ca) Haripur 11 Nov 2008 Janakinagar villages Barahathawa Hajariya Ishworpur Murtiya Pidari Laxmipurkodraha 1 in (1ca) Bhaktipur 17 Apr 2010 Pipariya Farahadawa Bela Gourishankar Mahottari

Sundarpurchuldawa Hempur Shreepur Babarganj Laukath Kisanpur Kabilasi Manpur Jamuniya Basantapur Sohadawa Mohanpur Chandranagar Bhawanipur Dhangada Pidariya Dhanakaulpurba Dhanakaulpachhiyati Belhi Harakthawa Aurahi Salempur Khoriya Brahmapuri Noukailawa Haripurwa Mahinathpur SisotiyaSundarpur Gamhariya Parsa Motipur Jingadawa Sikhauna Laxmipursu. Mailhi 1 in (3ca) Chhataul Godeta Kodena Musauli Narayanpur 8 May 2009 Bagdaha Fulparasi Tribhuwannagar Sangrampur Sisout Ramban Malangawa Municipality Ramnagarbahaur Batraul SakraulKhutauna Khirwa Rohuwa 1 in (1ca) Belwajabdi Gadahiyabairi 13 Sep 2008 Simara Bhadsar Sudama Bhagawatipur 1 in (5ca) Chhatona Dumariya Achalgadh Madhubani Madhubangoth 28 Dec 2008 Bahadurpur Mirjapur Baraudhoran Arnaha 1 in (8ca); 1 Jun 2008 Balara 1 in (3ca); 30 Sep 2008 Hathiyol 1 in (2ca); 10 Jul 2009 1 in (3ca) 19 Feb 2009 INDIA Surveillance system and Victim Assistance Victim Assistance is multi actor/sector

Emergency Medical Care Continuing Medical Care Psychological support

Social and Economic Physical Rehabilitation Reintegration Data, laws, policies

Surveillance system and IEDD Spotted IEDs Recorded in 2011 Total 212 cases (84 explosions and 128 Disposal More than 1,100 IEDs spotted in 2014

HUMLA

DARCHULA

BAJHANG BAITADI BAJURA MUGU

1 In DADEL- JUMLA ACHHAM KALIKOT DHURA 1 In DOTI 1+1 DOLPA KANCHAN- PUR DAILEKH MUSTANG JAJARKOT *2+1 KAILALI *1+1 RUKUM MANANG SURKHET SALYAN 4 In 4 MYAGDI ROLPA 2 In BARDIYA KASKI GORKHA *9+8 LAMJUNG BANKE PARBAT RASUWA *17+16 PYUT- 1 In HAN 4 In 1 In GULMI SINDHU- TANAHU DANG ARGHAK SYANGJA PALCHOK HACHI 1 In 1 In NUWAKOT *4+2 PALPA 1 In DHADING KATHMMANDU DOLAKHA KAPILBSTU SANKHUWA- BHAK SULUK- *5+4 CHITWAN 1 In HUMBU SABA *5+4 *4+1 KAVRE TAPLEJUNG IED Exploded MAKAWAN- LALIT PUR * 1+1 IED Disposed PARSA 1 In OKHAL- DHUNGA BARA SINDHULI IED Disposed and exploded KHOTANG TERHA- RAUT- THUM AHAT SARLAHI MAHO- PANCHTHAR TARI DHA UDAYAPUR DHAN- * 1+1 NUSA KUTA *1+2 SIRAHA 4 In ILAM

*1+4 * 2+2 MORANG SAPTARI * 10+8 JHAPA * 7+1 3 In 9 In DEPLOYMENT OF EOD TEAM 1 x Semi Remote Team

1 x Remote & 1 x Semi Remote Team

1 x Semi Remote Team

1 x Semi Remote Team Surkhet

1 x Semi Remote Team 1 x Remote & 1 x Semi Remote Team

1 x Semi Remote Team 1 x Remote & 1 x Semi Remote Team Conclusion

1. IEDs are of different nature (substitute of fire arms? Road side bomb? ERW? Designed to be victim activated? etc.)

2. IEDs have a humanitarian impact (creates fear, above 90%victims of VAE are from IEDs, its both mine action and security issues)

3. Injury surveillance system is central. (to prioritize clearance, VA, MRE and advocacy)

Thank you for your attention !