Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2380

Automata, Languages and Programming

29th International Colloquium, ICALP 2002, Malaga, Spain, July 8-13, 2002. Proceedings

Bearbeitet von Peter Widmayer, Francisco Triguero, Rafael Morales, Matthew Hennessy, Stephan Eidenbenz, Ricardo Conejo

1. Auflage 2002. Taschenbuch. xlii, 1072 S. Paperback ISBN 978 3 540 43864 9 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 1616 g

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This volume contains the contributions of the 29th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP) held July8–13, 2002 in M´alaga, Spain. The diversityand the qualityof the scientific program of ICALP 2002 serve as evidence that theoretical computer science with all its aspects continues to be a vibrant field and is increasinglyturning into a valuable and abundant source of ideas and concepts for other research disciplines and appli- cations. ICALP has been the main annual scientific event of the European Associa- tion for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS) for almost thirtyyears,making ICALP one of the best-established conferences in theoretical computer science and EATCS one of the world’s largest and oldest theoretical computer science organizations. To reflect the two parts of the EATCS journal Theoretical Computer Science (TCS), ICALP’s technical program is split into two parts: while track A is de- voted to algorithms, automata, complexity, and games, track B focuses on logic, semantics, and theoryof programming. In response to the call for papers, the program committee received 269 sub- missions from 34 countries: 204 for track A and 65 for track B. Each paper was reviewed byat least three program committee members who were often assisted bysubreferees. The committee met on March 16, 2002 in M´alaga and selected 83 papers (64 from track A and 19 from track B) for presentation. The program committee was overwhelmed bythe qualityand the quantityof submissions and had to reject manygood submissions because of the limited number of available time-slots. We wish to thank all authors who submitted extended abstracts and all referees who helped in the thorough evaluation process. The EATCS best paper award was given to Lars Engebretsen, Jonas Hol- merin, and Alexander Russell for their track A contribution Inapproximability Results for Equations over Finite Groups. Seth Pettie’s paper entitled A Faster All-pairs Shortest Path Algorithm for Real-Weighted Sparse Graphs was given the best student paper award for track A. Thomas Colombet received the best student paper award for his track B contribution On Families of Graph Having a Decidable First Order Theory with Reachability. In addition to the accepted contributions, this volume contains the award- winning lectures byMaurice Nivat who received the EATCS award and by G´eraud S´enizergueswho was awarded the G¨odelprize, as well as the invited lectures byManuel Hermenegildo, Heikki Mannila, Madhav Marathe, Andrew Pitts, and John Reif. The following workshops were held as satellite events of ICALP 2002 with In- maculada Fortes and Llanos Mora as coordinators: Computabilityand Comple- xityin Analysis(CCA 2002), Algorithmic Methods and Models for Optimization of Railways (ATMOS 2002), 7th International Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems, Foundations of Wide Area Network Computing, Formal Methods and Component Interaction, and Unification in Non-classical Logics. Another significant event in conjunction with ICALP 2002 was held on VI Preface

July11: the presentations of the projects funded bythe “FET-Global Comput- ing proactive initiative” (http://www.cordis.lu/ist/fetgc.htm) were given in the Global Computing Event (organized bythe IST of the EC). We sincerelythank the organizers of ICALP 2002 for all their work (especially Jos´e Luis Trivi˜no for his work in the preparation of these proceedings), and the Escuela T´ecnica Superior de Ingenier´ia Inform´atica (Computer Science School) of M´alaga University(Spain) for their support in the organization. We also thank the sponsors of ICALP 2002, namelyUnicaja (the first sav- ings bank of Andaluc´ıa), the Universityof M´alaga, the Science and Technology Minister (under contract TIC2000-3086-E), and M´alaga CityCouncil.

July2002 Peter Widmayer Francisco Triguero Rafael Morales Matthew Hennessy Stephan Eidenbenz Ricardo Conejo Program Committee

Track A

Ricardo Baeza-Yates (U. Chile) Volker Diekert (U. Stuttgart) Paolo Ferragina (U. Pisa) Catherine Greenhill (U. Melbourne) Torben Hagerup (U. Frankfurt) Johan H˚astad(KTH, Stockholm) Gabriel Istrate (Los Alamos) Claire Kenyon (U. Paris XI) Der-Tsai Lee (Acad. Sinica, Taipei) Heikki Mannila (Nokia, ) Elvira Mayordomo (U. Zaragoza) Helmut Prodinger (U. Witwatersrand) Jan van Leeuwen (U. Utrecht) Paul Vit´anyi (CWI, Amsterdam) Peter Widmayer (ETH Z¨urich) (Chair) Gerhard Woeginger (T.U. Graz) Christos Zaroliagis (U. Patras)

Track B Mart´ınAbadi (U. California, Santa Cruz) Roberto Amadio (U. Provence) Gilles Barthe (INRIA-SophiaAntipolis) Manfred Droste (Universityof TechnologyDresden) C´edric Fournet (Microsoft Cambridge) Matthew Hennessy(U. Sussex) (Chair) Furio Honsell (U. Udine) Peter O’Hearn (Queen Mary& Westfield C. ) Fernando Orejas (U.P. Catalunya) Ernesto Pimentel (U. M´alaga) David Sands (Chalmers Universityof Technologyand G¨ oteborg University) Dave Schmidt (U. Kansas) Gheorghe Stefanescu (U. ) Vasco Vasconcelos (U. ) Thomas Wilke (U. Kiel) VIII Organization

Organizing Committee

Buenaventura Clares (U. Granada) Ricardo Conejo (U. M´alaga) Inmaculada Fortes (U. M´alaga) Llanos Mora (U. M´alaga) Rafael Morales (Co-chair, U. M´alaga) Marlon N´u˜nez (U. M´alaga) Jos´e Luis P´erez de la Cruz (U. M´alaga) Gonzalo Ramos (U. M´alaga) Francisco Triguero (Co-chair, U. M´alaga) Jos´e Luis Trivi˜no (U. M´alaga). Organization IX List of Reviewers

Udo Adamy HarryBuhrman Pankaj Agarwal Joshua Buresh-Oppenheim Susanne Albers Peter B¨urgisser J¨urgen Albert Luis Caires Eric Allender Carlos Caleiro Helmut Alt Cecile Capponi Ernst Althaus Luca Cardelli Carme Alvarez J. Orestes Cerdeira Klaus Ambos-Spies Ioannis Chatzigiannakis Christoph Amb¨uhl Otfried Cheong Luzi Anderegg Christian Choffrut Lars Arge Marek Chrobak Stefan Arnborg Dave Clarke Vikraman Arvind Andrea Clementi Tetsuo Asano Bruno Codenotti James Aspnes Ed Coffman jr. Albert Atserias Paolo Coppola Peter Auer Andrea Corradini Vincenzo Auletta Jordi Cortadella Franz Aurenhammer Jos´eF´elix Costa Holger Austinat Nadia Creignou Laszlo Babai Pierluigi Crescenzi Paolo Baldan Janos Csirik Cristina Bazgan Karel Culik Paul Beame Arthur Czumaj Nick Benton Silvano Dal Zilio Martin Berger Victor Dalmau Marco Bernardo Mark de Berg Val´erie Berth´e Philippe de Groote Armin Biere Robert de Simone Avrim Blum Sven de Vries Luc Boasson Erik Demaine Hans Bodlaender Luca Di Gaspero Bernard Boigelot Pietro Di Gianantonio Ahmed Bouajjani Gabriele di Stefano Julian Bradfield Josep Diaz Andreas Brandst¨adt Irit Dinur Hajo Broersma Christoph Duerr Manuel Bronstein Francisco Dur´an David Bryant J´erˆome Durand-Lose Peter B¨uhlman Christoph D¨urr X Organization

Abbas Edalat Michel Habib Thomas Ehrhard Reiner Haehnle Stephan Eidenbenz Gustav Hast Susan Eisenbach Lane. A Hemaspaandra Lars Engebretsen Hugo Herbelin Leah Epstein Montserrat Hermo Thomas Erlebach lrich Hertrampf Juan Luis Esteban Alejandro Hevia Kousha Etessami Daniel Hirschkoff Uri Feige TonyHoare Joan Feigenbaum Frank Hoffmann Stefan Felsner Jonas Holmerin Antonio Fernandez Kohei Honda Afonso Ferreira Hendrik Jan Hoogeboom Lisa Fleischer Han Hoogeveen Patrik Floreen Juraj Hromkovic Mario Florido Tsan-sheng Hsu Riccardo Focadi Michael Huth Steven Fortune Hans Huttel Dimitris Fotakis Lucian Ilie Pierre Fraigniaud Guiseppe Italiano Antonio Frangioni Gabor Ivanyos Kimmo Fredriksson Radha Jagadeesan Zoltan Fueloep David Janin Nicola Galesi Alan Jeffrey M. Mar Gallardo Mark Jerrum Naveen Garg David Johnson Leszek Gasieniec David Juedes Paul Gastin Jan Juerjens Ricard Gavalda Marcin Jurdzinski Raffaele Giancarlo Christos Kaklamanis Christian Glasser Erich Kaltofen Gillem Godoy Juhani Karhum¨aki Ashish Goel Marek Karpinski Michel Goemans Shmuel Katz Andreas Goerdt Steven Kautz Mikael Goldmann Dimitris Kavvadias Gaston Gonnet Rainer Kemp Pavel Goralcik Andrew Kennedy Peter Grabner Lefteris Kirousis Erich Gr¨adel Daniel Kirsten Dima Grigoriev Marcos Kiwi Roberto Grossi Arnold Knopfmacher Sudipto Guha Ming-Tat Ko J¨orgen Gustavsson Johannes K¨obler Organization XI

Spyros Kontogiannis Richard Mayr Dimitrios Koukopoulos GuyMcCusker Elias Koutsoupias Pierre McKenzie Jan Krajicek Alfred Menezes Evangelos Kranakis Pedro Merino Michael Krivelevich Massimo Merro DannyKrizanc Taneli Mielikainen Ludek Kucera Filippo Mignosi Manfred Kufleitner Joseph Mitchell Boris Kushner Juan M. Molina Dietrich Kuske Mike Molloy Jens Lagergren Angelo Monti Cosimo Laneve Nelma Moreira Sophie Laplante Bernard M. E. Moret Kim Skak Larsen Remi Morin Gr´egoire Lecerf Pablo Moscato Alexander Leitsch Rustam Mubarakzjanov Marina Lenisa Matthias Mueller-Hannemann Giacomo Lenzi Madhavan Mukund Stefano Leonardi Ian Munro Francesca Levi Anca Muscholl Leonid Levin Nikos Mylonakis Paul Levy Giri Narasimhan Cedric Lhoussaine Gonzalo Navarro Ming Li Peter Niebert L. Libkin Rolf Niedermeier Wolfgang Lindner Gundula Niemann Andrzej Lingas Sotiris Nikoletseas Pablo L´opez Jakob Nordstr¨om Alejandro Lopez-Ortiz I. Nunes Chi-Jen Lu Mitsunori Ogihara Hsueh-I Lu Nicola Olivetti Fabrizio Luccio Gr´egoryOlocco Stefan Lucks Vadim Olshevsky Tze-Heng Ma Pekka Orponen Frederic Magniez Friedrich Otto Murata Makoto Linda Pagli Christos Makris Prakash Panangaden Giovanni Manzini Alois Panholzer Madhav Marathe Grammati Pantziou Peter Marbach Christos Papadimitriou Alberto Marchetti-Spaccamela VickyPapadopoulou Luciano Margara Kostas Papoutsis Maurice Margenstern Abelardo Pardo P. Mateus Rafael Pass XII Organization

Mike Paterson Marie-France Sagot Gheorghe Paun Peter Sanders Andrzej Pelc Jos´e Carlos E. Santo Ricardo Pe˜na Guido Schaefer Paolo Penna Rene Schott Jos´eL.P´erez de la Cruz Rainer Schuler Giuseppe Persiano Robert Sedgewick Anotine Petit Helmut Seidl I. Petre G´eraud S´enizergues Sylvain Peyronnet Maria Serna Cynthia A. Phillips Jiri Sgall Andrea Pietracaprina JeffreyShallit Nick Pippenger Ron Shamir Nadia Pisanti Mark Sheilds Toniann Pitassi Abhi Shelat Loic Pottier Alexander Shen Athanasios Poulakidas Sott Shenker Christophe Prieur David Shmoys Kirk Pruhs M. Amin Shokrollahi Geppino Pucci Klaas Sikkel Pavel Pudlak Riccardo Silvestri David Pym Spiros Sioutas Elisa Quintarelli Martin Skutella Yuval Rabani Michiel Smid Mathieu Raffinot Roberto Solis-Oba Rajeev Raman Joel Spencer Ivan Rapaport Paul Spirakis A. Ravara Christoph Sprenger S.S. Ravi Renzo Sprugnoli Ran Raz Anand Srivastav Anna Redz Ludwig Staiger Mireille Regnier Yannis Stamatiou Klaus Reinhardt Robert St¨ark E. Remila Frank Stephan Arend Rensink Colin Stirling Antonio Restivo Jens Stoye J¨urgen Richter-Gebert Ting-Yi Sung James Riely Wojciech Szpankowski Eike Ritter Li Tan Hein Roehrig Eva Tardos Simona Ronchi della Rocca Gerard Tel Pierre Rosenstiehl Sebastiaan Terwijn Tim Roughgarden Denis Th´erien Claudio Russo Mayur Thakur Tobias Ryden Dimitrios Thilikos Organization XIII

Torsten Tholey Bernhard von Stengel Mikkel Thorup Jens Vygen Siegbert Tiga Stephan Waack Ana Paula Tom´as Klaus Wagner Jacobo Toran J´erome Waldispuhl John Tromp Johannes Waldmann Kostas Tsichlas Igor Walukiewicz Esko Ukkonen Da-Wei Wang Walter Unger Osamu Watanabe Tarmo Uustalu Ingo Wegener Ugo Vaccaro Klaus Weihrauch Mart van de Graaf Klaus Wich Marc van Kreveld Avi Wigderson Dieter van Melkebeek Franz Winkler Moshe Vardi Frank Wolter Santosh Vempala Thomas Worsch Bj¨orn Victor Ke Yang Gilles Villard Mihalis Yannakakis Ivan Visconti Nobuko Yoshida Berthold V¨ocking Guenter Ziegler Heribert Vollmer Martin Ziegler Friedrich von Haeseler Pascal Zimmer