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Shopping Mall As Privately Owned Public Space

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Shopping Mall As Privately Owned Public Space ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE PROGRAMME 2009-2010 DESIGN REPORT SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE HO Chun Wang, Steven May 2010 3 1 5 OCl iM2i i UNIVERSITITY "/M SggivLIBRARY SYSTEfSTEMM SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE You are not allowed to do anything but shop SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE You can not escape from shopping SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE Shopping mall is your new home SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE rivately wned • ubiic s^pac e Regaining Publicness in POPS SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE This edition first printed in December. 2009 All rights reserverd. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmit- ted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Author: Steven Ho Thesis adviser: HendrikTieben 14 Graduation. Master of Architecture,CUHK School of Architecture. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Room SI4,Wong FooYuan Building, Shatin, New Territories, Acknowledgements Hong Kong SAR. China This report is a document studying privately owned public spaces in Hong Kong. Since the first POPS was introduced in www.arch.cuhk.edu.hk 1980s, we are loosing our public spaces.The government did not take the responsibility to provide high quality public spaces architecture@cuhl<.edu.hk for citizens, but it just dedicate our public spaces as a kind of present giving to developers without any control. We are Tel +852 2609-6583 not only loosing our public spaces, but we also loose our right to enjoy and use public spaces. It is my hope that this thesis Fax +852 2603-5267 demonstrate a new type of POPS integrating with retail and civic function to regain the publicness of public'space. Printed and in Hong Kong The book owes thanks to professor HendrikTieben who has given critical and valuable comment on this topic. Support and criticism from all of the professors, academic staff and colleges are very important. Finally, the author would like to thank his family giving great support during this year, without them this book would never exist. SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE Part BACKGROUND STUDIES Schedule Crisis Flow Chart Part 111 DESIGN DEMONSTRATION 11 Thesis Abstract 50 Potential site -TaiWai station 12 Statistics 51 Original planning concept 52 Future development 53 Necessity of civic programs 54 Design strategies Part I I RESERACH 56 Relationship between retail and civic programs 57 Differences between PS & POPS 19 Consumption and urban life 58 Process of development 20 Shopping habits in Hong Kong 60 Distribution of mass 21 HK as city of shopping 62 Spatial hierarchy of landscape , 22 Critical changes in shopping development 63 Programs location 23 Railway and Malls 24 Impact of Comprehensive Development Area (CDA) 25 Change in living form 26 Climate change 27 Typology of shopping 31 Definition of Public spaces 32 How public is public space? 34 Restrictions in ... 36 Is public space dead? 42 Disintegration of programs 43 Integration of programs 44 Integration of POPS and Mall Contents 47 Program organization in mall SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE Mapping ^Oiagrams JMapplhg Bt Diagrams 'Mflppmg & Diagrams' Model studies Booklet Documentation ffsUidies: Overseas POPS 'stucile&r public RelMionshlp beiweert shoppiny, cuiturfi- Ri city Privatized Public Spaces Shopping & the City • Mid-term Review SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE WfflififlT tLS* - ’ ®/ j . •ff: 9AJviyUitJcltiracU.bi«BiMUCDi / mUMkUbMlMM V ,, 1 M ’ K mm A V BJi • wtm»mmx, TfcoMWft ti « * K « .7 t _ raw •SS ® ^isMg^ij^ S f j M • • ’ …… SSS? Hi! 12 ’ • S5E K BS a f « ’ ® . S High Tea. Hieh Tea, a ’ 40,000 ’ « S “‘ ‘JA M RiS • ’ fi a : ’ . ® deed of dedication. KU) K it, . B Bsia * M ij r j «— 12 . g— • a a r http:"hk.ap[)le.nextmedlaxom/teni()late/apf)le/art_maln.[)hf>nssJd=M08022S&jec_ f j S f J. 15 P r^i^tiftj. 2009 03 23 .-.. f ?JSfiSi/ & 15 KIS . » H . Jospor . H S . - « • 2003 7 2005^ Open,Space Pub- ® « —‘ ft a a A ^, iSitWJHit^'hMife. « ®j . .~ Crisis & 11 — . 3 . ’ ffi a - i . ’ SSilJSS^ . Ejffi Bflm ’ ( a ’ • « 5 0 r j • • ii ’ (Sf ff ff • - • S ‘ 3 ,mmmv. inmaL^mam^ii^mm ffi ttg f t 24 200 15 15 144 _ _ r „ „ K ‘ . U . ftsrasga Open Spao.J ’ f j . Public Open -• J - . - . (" ^ ! i a S T. Sp.c,J • ’ ’ J • » ) • ® ns, - . , Open Space J Uzk . _ _ 7 . M Open SpacJ • in—L fi s hra ’ S ® « . 2005 …——..-. KU Jg ft I <4’ …… . ^ ® ’ . i . I W . f j • . http7/hk.apple.nextmedia.com/template/apple/art_maln. «, ® http7/hk.myblog.yahoo.com/hamham-hamlet/artlcle?mld=66l php!:ssjd=20090323&secjd=4104&artjd= 12S2S449 SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE tilV . Flow Chart •A brief history of shopping in Hong Kong and study how ^ different factors such as policies and climate influences w» m :• ^'lioppmg as'cIaiVy life ^Analysing the factors enhancing consumer culture in •contemporary city. :-HK as city of shopping Development < Change in living form Climate chan Impact of comprehensive development area (CDA) besign Strategies I. Public street linked with existing public spaces to Crisis: • I .* Typology of shoppir_ •transformation the city Problems of Private Statistic: •Street > Market > Arcade > Supermarket > Department >:2. Public park serves as city centre/ destination Owned Public Spaces Giving a general —••store > Shopping centre > Shopping mall >:3. Diversity of programs: (POPS)in Hong Kong view of POPS in •-Civic programs in private sectors •Comparing different types of shopping in terms of scalp, circulation, -•:4. Hierarchy/variety of public spaces accessibility, openness and porosity, thus to analysis the relationship between *.publicit^^ajid those factors. -Covered walkway, street, courtyard, park, sunken garden : * HaflsVS* ll^uBIfc'spaces ^Comparing the difference between malls and public •spaces in terms of management policy and regulations. •Yet to redefine the definition of public space. : toVverslty VS Homogeneity •Comparing the differences of programs between street iand mall in relations to the publicity BACKGROUND INFORMATION RESEARCH DESIGN DEMONSTRATION SHOPP Designs on ' A the Public The Private Lives of Now YorkV ^. Public Spaces ‘‘ , ‘ B. Destroy HK j OJECT ON THE CITY 2 fstovon MiU'S & Malcolm Mile::, ctl by chuihua juciy chuncj, jcff rey > rem koolha.is. tsuhcj lt?onq Consuming |H|if |..Cities Nffi iOIDETESIGW SCHOOOL WOPPiPiQ "wtt&mhit john mcmorrou<jh, ju;»n itiai kitv iri»i» vinb. n |Dv.in»vK \vvIloim(. vvyni.m. <jui>st Hong Kong, as I. If inc« hy h. m ulnch oUni!, dvni'^e t hrOkVn “rul robiTt vohturi. fh i{|n liy Asian Culture of Congestion UutKj comj VInd cl …hiM judy chutuj. The Structural Transformation of th<* Public Sphere An Inquiry into >\ ‘ CrtU^gory ofBo«rgw>? Sodctj hv Tffomai Jiiugfr SHOPPING MALL AS PRIVATELY OWNED PUBLIC SPACE Phenomena Background Research Studying and comparing different types of Why shopping mall and open space? Privatization of public realm in Hong Kong I. Development of shopping in Hong Kong shopping architecture in terms of scale, -Mall as city centre Since the Hong Kong government tries The development of shopping was circulation, accessibility, openness and Investigating the relationship between to improve the urban environment influenced by public policies such as the permeability in relation oif its publicness. mall and city, shopping malls has been by providing public spaces in private new town developments since 70s and the transformed from a component of city to properties, developers are encouraged introduction of podium & Comprehensive What is "Public Space"? the prerequisite of urbanity. Malls not only to provide extra public spaces in their Development Area (CDA).Those policies I. ParksVS Malls serve as the iconic centre of city but also projects while part of the floor area had great impacts on architectures By comparing the restrictions in parks and provide physical spaces for social activities, could be exempted. Privatization of public of shopping In terms of organization, malls, we challenge the definition of public as a result shopping malls has replaced spaces seems to be the trend of urban complexity and bulkiness. spaces in contemporary city and seek a every aspects of urban life. However, city development in high-density city like Hong meaning of public life. centre should also function as a "place", Kong. On paper, this idea makes sense. 2. Shopping contemporary life where "every body occupies its place". City However, how public are those "public This part of 2.The role of centre should help one to construct his spaces"? Most of them are inaccessible for research is going public spaces in own identity and relate to himself to the public and our rights are restricted in those to anal/sis the contemporary city history of that place. areas. In response to the failure of many of factors enhancing The decline in the those spaces, we have to reconsider this consumer culture Thesis quality of public -Investigating the relationship between approach and reinvent this kind of spaces in HK as city of spaces indicates malls, public spaces and city by regaining publicity of public spaces that shopping. Shopping that we have to Case study: e.g. Namba Park in Osaka by can truly promote public life in our city. malls have merged rethink the role of Jon Jerde to residential Abstract public spaces in our Thesis statement and railway city.
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