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International Telecommunication Union QUESTION 11-2/2 Final Report ITU-D STUDY GROUP 2 4th STUDY PERIOD (2006-2010) QUESTION 11-2/2: Examination of terrestrial digital sound and television broadcasting technologies and systems, including cost/benefit analyses, interoperability of digital terrestrial systems with Final Report Final existing analogue networks, and methods of migration from analogue terrestrial techniques to digital techniques QUESTION 11-2/2 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2010 Photo credits: ITU Photo Library ITU-D THE STUDY GROUPS OF ITU-D In accordance with Resolution 2 (Doha, 2006), WTDC-06 maintained two study groups and determined the Questions to be studied by them. The working procedures to be followed by the study groups are defined in Resolution 1 (Doha, 2006) adopted by WTDC-06. For the period 2006-2010, Study Group 1 was entrusted with the study of nine Questions in the field of telecommunication development strategies and policies. Study Group 2 was entrusted with the study of ten Questions in the field of development and management of telecommunication services and networks and ICT applications. For further information Please contact: Mr Istvan BOZSOKI Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) ITU Place des Nations CH-1211 GENEVA 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 6 347 Fax: +41 22 730 5 484 E-mail: [email protected] Placing orders for ITU publications Please note that orders cannot be taken over the telephone. They should be sent by fax or e-mail. ITU Sales Service Place des Nations CH-1211 GENEVA 20 Switzerland Fax: +41 22 730 5194 E-mail: [email protected] The Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications © ITU 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union QUESTION 11-2/2 Final Report ITU-D STUDY GROUP 2 4th STUDY PERIOD (2006-2010) QUESTION 11-2/2: Examination of terrestrial digital sound and television broadcasting technologies and systems, including cost/benefit analyses, interoperability of digital terrestrial systems with existing analogue networks, and methods of migration from analogue terrestrial techniques to digital techniques DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by many experts from different administrations and companies. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply any endorsement or recommendation by ITU. Question 11-2/2 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND PREFACE The transition from analogue to digital terrestrial broadcasting is extremely complex and delicate process and it is having a profound impact on the entire broadcasting chain. While a complex process in its implementation for Administrations and Broadcasters, it provides the viewing public for greater entertainement and informational experiences then analogue television broadcasting ever envisaged. It is of concern to Governments and to relevant Authorities at international, national, regional and community level, Regulatory Authorities, Broadcasters, Broadcasting Industry, viewers and listeners- briefly to the entire population of the modern world. The terms of reference before ITU-D Study Qustion 11-2/2 were so vast that the provision of extensive consultation and advice by world-wide broadcasting experts was a prerequisite for successful completion of this Report. Indeed, ITU-R Study Group 6 has provided us with generous support from the onset and we should like to acknowledge the valuable inputs and advice provided by Messrs. Dr. Christoph Dosch, Chairman of ITU-R SG-6 IRT, Germany; Prof. Oleg Gofaizen, Vice Chairman ITU-R SG-6, Ukrainian Research Institute of Radio and Television; David Wood, Chairman of ITU-R WP 6C, EBU; Dr. Joseph Flaherty, Senior Vice President, CBS, USA; and Roger Bunch, Director of Engineering, Free TV Australia Ltd. Indeed precious inputs from the Administrations of Brazil, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Russian Federation, Thales, France, DigiTAG, DVB, the European Broadcasting Union and the European Commission, together with comments from Rohde and Schwarz, have been incorporated thus contributing substantially to the value of this Report. We should also like to acknowledge the continuous support by Mr. Lieven Vermaele, Technical Director, EBU; Dr. Roland Brugger, Head of Frequency Management Section, IRT, Germany; and Mr. Richard Salmon, Senior Research Engineer, BBC Research and Development, UK, who have shared knowledge and up to date research information enhancing further the value of this Report. This Report is conceptualized to be considered as one component of a family of ready for use or ongoing publications of ITU-R SG-6. Towards this end it is worth quoting the following ITU-R Publications which should be considered as complementary to it: • Report ITU-R BT.2140 “Transition from analogue to digital terrestrial broadcasting”, • Handbook on “Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) implementation”, and • Handbook on “Digital television signals coding and interfacing within studios”. At this juncture I am honoured to thank Messrs. Semen Lopato, Rapporteur of this Study Question, Russian Federation and Philippe Mege, Vice Rapporteur of this Study Question, Thales, France and the honourable delegates of ITU-D SG-2 for their constructive contributions and confidence bestowed on us. Finally I should like to thank Mr. Izstvan Bozsoki, BDT Focal Point to this Study Question and the BDT Secretariat for extending their support and assistance in achieving the objectives of ITU-D Study Question 11-2/2. Mr. Petko Kantchev Acting Rapporteur on ITU-D Study Question 11-2/2 Advisor to the Deputy Minister, Ministry of Transport Information Technology and Communications, Sofia, Bulgaria 29 November 2009 Question 11-2/2 v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Background ................................................................................................................................ 1 2 Various possible concepts of introducing digital terrestrial broadcasting .................................. 3 3 Choosing the strategy of migration ............................................................................................ 4 4 Migration to DTTV .................................................................................................................... 5 5 DTTV platforms and networks .................................................................................................. 7 5.1 Executive introductory remarks ....................................................................................... 7 5.2 Service requirements ........................................................................................................ 10 5.3 HDTV .......................................................................................................................... 13 5.4 Mobile TV ........................................................................................................................ 19 5.5 Interactive TV and data services ...................................................................................... 22 5.6 Briefing on service developments and network evolution ............................................... 25 5.7 Regulatory environment ................................................................................................... 25 5.8 Digital switch-over (DSO) ............................................................................................... 27 5.9 Digital dividend ............................................................................................................... 28 5.10 Changes to networks ........................................................................................................ 29 5.10.1 Radiation characteristics ..................................................................................... 30 5.10.2 DTTV system ........................................................................................................ 32 6 Economic aspects ....................................................................................................................... 35 7 Viewer concerns ......................................................................................................................... 37 8 Conclusions and recommendations on DTTV transition ........................................................... 39 9 Digital Terrestrial Audio Broadcasting(DTAB): advantages, technical platforms, possible approaches for implementation, specific features and phases of migration ............................... 41 9.1 Advantages of DTAB ...................................................................................................... 41 9.2 DTAB deployment ........................................................................................................... 42 9.3 DTAB technologies ......................................................................................................... 42 9.4 Approaches to implementation of DTAB ........................................................................ 43 9.5 Choosing the approach ..................................................................................................... 43 9.6 Specificl features of DTAB ............................................................................................. 44 9.7 Phases of migration to digital terrestrial audio broadcasting ........................................... 45 10 Other implications .....................................................................................................................

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