[This Num2~r is especially devoted to the Programmes for the Next Academic Year and to Statements

of the Work of the Past Yearj.

JOHNS HOPKINS IVERSITY CIRCULARS

PublisAed wit/i t/ie approbaz’ion of t/ze Board of Trustees

VOL. IJI.—No~ 31.] BALTIMORE, JUNE, 1884. [PRICE, 10 CENTS.

CONTENTS.

PAGE PAGE General Programme for 1884—85, 98—100 Ancient and Modern Languages: (Progra;a~a~s for 1384-33). Greek: Mathematics: Greek Seminary 108 Programmefor 1884—85 101 Advanced and Graduate Courses 108 Graduate Courses, . 101 New Testament Greek 108 Undergraduate Courses, . 101 Undergraduate Courses 108 Mathematical Society, . 101 Latin: Work of the Past Year; . . 101 Latin Seminary 108 Courses Given 101 Advanced and Graduate Courses 109 Papers Read before the Mathematical Society, 102 Undergraduate Courses, . 109 American Journal of Mathematics, 102 Shemitic Languages 109 Physics: Sanskrit and Comparative Philology 109 German 110 Programmefor 1884-85; . 102 Advanced Courses, 102 Romance Languages 110 Course by Sir Win. Thomson, 102 Ancient and Modern Languages: (Work of the Past Year). Course in General Physics, 102 Greek, 111 Laboratory Work, 102 Latin 112 Work of the Past Year; 102 Laboratory Work, Shemitic Languages 112 Lectures, etc., Sanskrit and Comparative Philology, . 113 103 German 113 Chemistry: Anglo-Saxon and English 113 Programmefor 1884-85; 103 Romance Languages 113 Advanced Work 103 Philological Association First and Second Years’ Courses, 103 114 Applied Chemistry, 104 American Journal of Philology 114 Mineralogy and Geology, 104 History and Political Science: Work of the Past Year; 104 Programmefor 1884-85 114 Chemical Laboratory, 104 Graduate and Advanced Courses 114 Advanced Work 104 Undergraduate Courses, 115 Undergraduate Courses, 104 Work of the Past Year; 116 American Chemical Journal, 104 Seminary 116 Historical and Political Science Association, 116 Biology: Publications 116 Advanced and Collegiate Courses, Programme for 1884-85; . . 105 116 Collegiate Instruction 105 Philosophical Courses: (Programmefor 1884-85). University Instruction and Opportunities, 106 Psychology and Pedagogics 117 Naturalists’ Field Club, . 106 History of Philosophy and Ethics 118 Work of the Past Year; , . 107 Logic, Ethics, and Psychology (Undergraduate Courses), 118 Laboratory Work, . . 107 Advanced Instruction 107 Philosophical Courses: (Work of the Past Year), . 118 Class Instruction 107 Degrees Conferred, 1884. Marine Laboratory 107 Doctors of Philosophy 119 Publications, . 107 Bachelors of Arts 120 98 JOHNS HOPKINS [No. 31.

PROGRAMMES FOR 1884-85.

The following courses in literature and science are offered for the academic year which begins September 23, 1884. They are open to all properly qualified young men according to conditions varying somewhat in each department. Detailed statements as to the various subjects are given in the programmes of the departments of instruction on subsequent pages. A special Circular relating to College Courses has been issued. The Annual iRegister giving detailed statements as to the regulations and work of the University will be sent on application.

B. L. GILDERSLEEVE, Professor of Greek. C. D. MORRIS, Collegiate Professor of Greek and Latin. (a) will direct the Greek Seminary. Twice wee/ely, through will form classes in the year. (a) Plato, Gorgias. Four times weekly, first half year. (b) will conduct a course of Practical Exercises in Greek. (b) Aesehylus; Euripides. Three times weekly, second half- Twice weekly, from October to January. year. (c) will lecture on the Greek Lyric Poets. Weekly, after the (c) Cicero. Three times weekly, first half year. first of January. (d) Catnllus; Martial. Seven times in two weeks, second half- (d) will give a course of lectures on the Syntax of the Greek year. Moods and Tenses. (e) Greek Prose Composition. Weekly, through the year. Reading Latin at Sight. Weekly, through the year. (e) will hold a series of conferences on Greek Grammar. (f) (g) Latin Prose Composition. Weekly, through the year. Weekly, during the second half year. (h) will give a series of conferences on Greek History. Weekly, first half-year. 0. STANLEY HALL, Professor of Psychology and Pedagogies. (a) will lecture on Psycho-Physiology. Twice weekly, through IRA REMSEN, Professor of Chemistry. the year. (a) will direct the Laboratory Work in Chemistry. Daily, (b) will direct the work of those engaged in Psycho-Physic through the year. research. (b) will direct the courses of lectures to advanced students. (c) will lecture on the History of Modern Philosophical and (c) will lecture on General Chemistry. Four times weekly, Educational Ideas. Weekly, through the year. first half.year. (d) will hold a series of conferences on Educational Topics. (d) will lecture on the Compounds of Carbons. Four times (e) will direct the course required of matriculated students in weekly, second half year. Logic, Ethics, and Psychology. H. A. ROWLAND, Professor of Physics. (a) will lecture on Electricity and Magnetism. Four times PAUL HAUPT, Professor of the Shemitic Languages. weekly, through the year. will give courses in (b) will direct a course of advanced work in the Physical (a) Hebrew. Four times weekly, through the year. Laboratory. Daily, through the year. (b) Chaldean Grammar, etc. Weekly, through the year. (c) will conduct meetings for the discussion of current Physical (c) Ethiopic. Weekly, through the year. literature. Weekly, through the year. (d) Arabic. Weekly, through the year. (e) Assyrian. Twice weekly, through the year. SIR WILLIAM THOMSON, Professor in the University of Glasgow. (f) Sumero-Akkadian. Weekly, through the year. will give a course of eighteen lectures on Molecular Dynamics. In October, 1884. H. N. MARTIN, Professor of Biology. H. B. ADAMS, Associate Professor of history. (a) will direct the Laboratory Work in Biology. Daily, (a) will direct the Seminary of Historical and Political Science. through the year. Weekly, through the year. (b) will lecture on Animal Physiology and Histology. Three will give the following courses times weekly, through the year. (b) History of Politics. Three times weekly, through the year. (c) will lecture on General Biology. Three times weekly, until (c) Medieeval Church and State. Twice weekly,first half year. the middle of April. (d) theItalian Renaissance and the German Reformation. Twice (d) will lecture on the Embryology of the Chick. Three times weekly, second half year. weekly, from the middle of April until the close of the (e) the Modern State System. Twice weekly, through the year. session. (f) Introductory to the study of History. Weekly, first half- year. JUNE, 1884.] UNL VERSITY CIRCULA PS. 99

M. BLOOMFIELD, Associate Professor of Sanskrit. will give the following courses will give courses in (b) General Introductory Course for Graduates. Five times (a) Elementary Sanskrit. weekly, through the year. (b) Advanced Sanskrit. (c) Theory of Numbers. Twice weekly, first half year. (c) Introduction into the iRig-Veda. (d) Higher Algebra. Twice weekly, second half year. (d) Advanced Vedic Study. (e) Modern Synthetic Geometry. Three times weekly, first (e) Introduction into Comparative Philology. half-year. (f) Comparative Grammar of Greek. (f) Quaternions. Three times weekly, second half year. (g) Conic Sections. Twice weekly, through the year. W. K. BROOKS, Associate Professor of Morphology. (a) will direct the work of the Marine Laboratory. M. WARREN, Associate Professor of Latin. (b) will lecture on the Elements of Zo6logy. (a) will direct the Latin Seminary. Twice weekly, through the year. T. CRAIG, Associate Professor of Applied Mathematics. (b) will give during the first half-year a course of lectures on (a) will direct a Mathematical Seminary. Weekly, through the Roman Satirists. the year. (c) will conduct during the second half-year a series of Practi- will give courses in cal Exercises in Latin. (b) Theory of Functions including Elliptic Functions. Three will form classes for undergraduates in times weekly, through the year. (d) Plautus; Terence. Three times weekly, first half-year. (c) Calculus of Variations. Twice weekly, first half-year. (e) ‘racitus. Seven times in two weeks, second half-year. (d) Analytic Mechanics. Three times weekly, first half-year. (f) Latin Prose Composition. Weekly, through the year. (e) Hydrodynamics. Three times weekly, second half-year. (g) Reading Latin at Sight. Once in two weeks, through the (f) Partial Differential Equations. Twice weekly, second year. half-year. (g) Total Differential Equations. Twice weekly, through the W. HAND BROWNE, Examiner in English. year. will conduct courses in English. Through the year. A. M. ELLIOTT, Associate Professor of the Romance Languages. (a) will give advanced courses in the Romance Languages. R. T. ELY, Associate in Political Economy. will conduct courses in Daily, through the year. (a) Finance and Taxation. Three times weekly, through the (b) will lecture on French Philology and on French Literature of the Middle Ages. year. (b) Comparative Studies in European Administration. Weekly, J. RENDEL HARRIS, Associate Professor of New Testament through the year.

Greek and Pat wography. - (c) Elements of Political Economy. Five times weekly, first will give courses in half-year. (a) Palmography, with especial reference to the documents of (d) History of Political Economy. Five times we3kly, second the New Testament. half-year. (b) New Testament and Patristic Greek. (c) Church History. F. FRANKLIN, Associate in Mathematics. will give courses in G. S. MORRIS, Lecturer on the History of Philosophy. (a) Problems in Mechanics. Twice weekly, through the year. will lecture, during the first half-year, on (b) Differential and Integral Calculus. Three times weekly, (a) History of Philosophy in Greece. Twice weekly. through the year. (b) Ethics or the Science of Man. Twice weekly. (c) Theory of Equations. Three times wee/ely, first half year. (c) Modern Philosophy. (d) Solid Analytical Geometry. Three times weekly, second half-year. H. N. MORSE, Associate Professor of Chemistry. (e) Preparation for Matriculation in Trigonometry and Analyti- (a) will assist in directing the Laboratory Work of the under- cal Geometry. graduate students in Chemistry. (b) will lecture on Analytical Chemistry. Four times weekly, J. F. JAMESON, Associate in History. first half year. (a) will give a series of lessons upon the relation of Physical (c) will conduct a course in G~neraI Chemistry. Three times Geography to History. weekly, second half-year. (b) will teach French and English History. Three times 1. RABILLON, Lecturer on French Literature. weekly, through the year. will give a series of lectures on French Literature (in French). (c) will teach a class in the principles of the English and American Constitutions. Three times weekly, through th0 W. E. STORY, Associate Professor of Mathematics. year. (a) will direct a Mathematical Seminary. Weekly, through (d) will teach a class in the history of Greece and Ron~o. the year. Twice weekly, through the year. 100 JOHNS HOPIUWS [No. :31.

A. 1. KIMBALL, Associate in Physics. H. A. TODD, Instructor in the Romance Languages. (a) will direct the course of instruction for undergraduates in (a) will give instruction in French. Daily, through the year. General Physics, including experimental lectures, recitations, (b) will give instruction to special students in Italian and etc. Daily, through the year. Spanish. (b) will give courses of lectures on selected topics to the mnjor W. H. HOWELL, Chief Assistant in Biology. course students. (a) will direct the practical work of the undergraduate classes in (c) will direct the work in the laboratory of the major and minor course students. Physiology and Histology. (b) will give instruction in Plant Analysis. G. H. WILLIAMS, Associate in Mineralogy. E. H. KEISER, Assistant in Chemistry. (a) will lecture on Mineralogy. Weekly, first half year; will assist in directing the work of the beginners in the Chemi- twice weekly, second half year. cal Laboratory. (b) will lecture on General Inorganic Geology. (c) will direct the practical work in Mineralogy and Petrog- 0. A. PERKINS, Assistant in Physics. raphy. will assist in directing the work of the minor course students in H. WOOD, Associate in German. Physics. will conduct courses in German. Through the year. H. NEWELL, Instructor in Drawing. will give instruction in free-hand and mechanical drawing, A. EMERSON, Instructor in Classical Arch~ology. after 1 o’clock p. m. Daily, through the year. will conduct courses in Classical Arch~eology. C. L. WOODWORTH, instructor in Elocution. E. M. HARTWELL, Instructor in Physical Culture. will give instruction in Vocal Culture. Daily, through tha will direct the instruction in Physical Culture. year. E. H. SPIEKER, Assistant in Greek and Latin. 0. LUGGER, Curator of the Biological Museum. will teach undergraduate classes in Greek and Latin. will have charge of the Museum of the Biological Labort~tory.

ADMISSION OF STUDENTS.

Graduate, undergraduate, and special students are admitted to the University. Advanced and graduate students are received with or without reference to their being candidates for a degree, and they are permitted to attend such lectures and exercises as they may individually select. They are not examined for admission to the University, but each instructor satisfies himself of the attainments of all who wish to follow his guidance before admitting them to his classes. Undergraduate students of the following classes are received—(a) those who having passed a full matriculation examination are candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and who, on completing a definite amount of work in lines varying according to the needs or preferences of the student, are advanced to that degree;—(b) those who come with the intention of proceeding to the B. A. degree, but are from various causes unable at once to pass the examination for matriculation, and are admitted as candidates for it, if they show that their acquirements are such that they may reasonably be expected to complete the work in a moderate time~ special students who do not aim at a university degree but desire only to prosecute one or more branches of study with the full advantages which the University affords to persons who are able to profit by them. The next term will begin Tuesday, September 23, 1884, on which day the examinations for matriculation begin. The first week is devoted to the examination of candidates for admission and matriculation, and to the organization of classes. Instructions will be resumed Tuesday, September 30, 1884. The term of instruction closes on Friday, June 12, 1885. There will be a brief recess at the Christmas holidays and also in the early Spring. For further information, during the summer vacation, letters should be addressed to the “Johns Hopkins University,” Baltimore, Md., and not to the individual Professors, who are likely to be absent from the city. JUNE, 1884.] UNIVERSITY cIECULARS. lot

MATHEMATICS.

PROGRAMME FOR 1884-85. Historical Lectures on Mathematical Topics by the Instruc- tors, Fellows, and some of the Graduate Students. Graduate Courses. Qace in two sceeks, through the year. Da. STORY: General Introductory Course for Graduates (including Higher Algebra, Theory of Numbers, Probabilities, Higher Plane Mathemalic& Society. Curves, Surfaces and Twisted Curves, Quaternions, Cal- The Mathematical Society, composed of the instructors and eulus of Operations, Partial Differential Equations, Ellip- advanced students, will meet monthly as heretofore for the pres- tic Functions, and Mechanics). entation and discussion of papers or oral communications. Five ti2nes weekly, through the year. This course is intended as preparatory for all the more advanced Undergraduate Courses. courses, and candidates for the Doctor’s degree in Mathematics are expected to take it in the first year of their candidacy, if they FIRST YEAR: have not previously taken it. Conic Sections. Tseice weekly, through the year. Dx. STORY. Theory of Numbers. Twice weekly, first half-year. Differential and Integral Calculus. Three times mveekiy, through the year. Dx. FRANKLIN. Higher Algebra. Twice weekly, secoad half-year. SECOND YEAR: Modern Synthetic Geometry. Total Differential Equations. Three times weekly, first half-year. Twice weekly, through the year. Dx. CRAIG. Qnaternions. Theory of Equations. Three times weekly, second half-year. Three times weekly,first half-year. Dx. FRANKLIN. Mathematical Seminary. Solid Analytic Geometry. Weekly, through the year. Three times meeekly, second half-year. Dx. FRANKLIN. The exercises of this Seminary will consist of original work by the students, under the guidance of the Director, on a prescribed subject. After a few preparatory lectures the problem will be Preparation for Matriculation in Trigonometry and Analytic given to the class, and thereafter the students will be expected to Geometry. make weekly reports of progress, which will be discussed, and Three or four times weekly, through the year. Dx. FRANKLIN. from time to time new lines of research will be suggested. The subject for investigation in the first half of the ensuing year will be selected from the Theory of Numbers or Modern Geometry, WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1883-4. and in the second half of the year from tIme Higher Algebra or Quaternions. Professor Sylvester: Da. CRAIG: Algebra of Multiple Quantity. Twice weekly, till the Ohristmas recess. Theory of Functions (including Elliptic Functions). Dr. Story: Three timaes weekly, through the year. Theory of Invariants. Three times weekly, first half-year. Analytic Mechanics. Non-Euclidean Geometry. Twice weekly, second half-year. Three times weekly, first half-year. Mathematical Astronomy. Three times weekly,firsthalf-year; twice weekly, secoad half-year. Hydrodynamics. Higher Plane Curves. Tevice weekly, through the yeas’. Three times weekly, secoacl half-year. Conic Sections. Twice weekly, through the year. Calculus of Variations. Dr. Craig: Twice weekly, first half-year. Theoretical Dynamics. Twice weekly, first half-year. Partial Differential Equations. Mathematical Theory of Sound. Three times weekly, first half-year. Twice seeckly, secoad half-year. Elliptic Functions. Three tunes weekly, first half-year. Mathematical Seminary. Theory of Functions. Three times weekly, secoad half-year. Weekly, through the year. Partial Differential Equations. Tscice weekly, second halfyear. Theory of Elasticity. Tmvice weekly, secoad half-year. The subjects to which attention will be particularly directed are the Spherical Harmonics and Lam6’s Functions. Three times weekly, second Theory of Analytical Functions and Lam6’s Functions. During half-year. the first two or three meetings of the Seminary the Director will occupy the hour, and after that time the students will read disser- Dr. Franklin: tations on subjects selected for them by the Director. The work Mechanics. Three times weekly, through the year. assigned will be divided into three parts: solution of problems, Total Differential Equations. Twice weekly, thm-ough the year. the historical investigation of the above mentioned subjects, and Determinants and Theory of Equations. Three times weekly, first half- reports on current mathematical journals. year. Solid Analytic Geometry. Three times weekly, second half-year. DR. FRANKLIN: Differential and Integral Calculus. Three times weekly, through the year. Problems in Mechanics. Mr. C. S. Peirce: Twice weekly, through the year. Probabilities. Twice weekly, second half-year. 102 JOHNS HOPKINS [No. 31.

List of Papers read at the Mathematical Society. C. S. PEIRcE—On the mode of representing negative quantity in the logic of relatives. G. BIssING—On the degeneration of unicursal curves; a note on develop- W. F. Svoxy.—On the intersection of linear and quadratic loci; a sym- able surfaces; unicursal curves in n-flat space; on curvature in n-flat bolical demonstration of Taylor’s theorem; on a system of straight lines space. determined by two given lines; a note on ruled surfaces; on the equa- T. CRAIG.—Qn a certain class of transcendental functions. tions which determine the directions of the axcs of a quadric surface. E. XV. DAvIs—Some remarks on unicursal curves. J. J. SYLYEsTER.—Therelatiou of minor determinants of products to minors W. P. IDIJRFEE.—A note on the divisibility of numbers; on the number of of the factors. substitutions of n letters which leave k of them unaltered. G. S. ELY—A note on partitions. F. FRANKLIN—An elementary demonstration of Stirling’s theorem; two Four numbers making the sixth volume of the AMERICAN notes. JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS have been issued during the academic A. S. HATHAWAY—A demonstration of a theorem of Clebsch; the reduc- year and the first number of the seventh volume is now in press. tion of quadratic forms t.o sums of squares; on a form for the residues of composite moduli; a note on cycles.

P H Y S I C S.

PROGRAMME FOR 1884-85. tion to come. A registration fee of $5 will be required from such persons as follow the course, unless they are in other ways connected with this uni- versity. I. Advanced Course. III. Annual Course of Instruction for Undergraduates PROFESSOR ROWLAND: in General Physics. Electricity and Magnetism. This course will embrace experimental lectures, recitations, and Four lectures weekly. examinations, five times a week throughout the year, with one Meetings for the Discussion of Current Literature. half.day each week given to laboratory work. The subjects taken Weekly. up will include Mechanics, Acoustics, Optics, Light, Heat, Flee. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CRAIG: tricity, and Magnetism. Analytic Mechanics. This course should precede the study of Chemistry and Biology. A Three times weekly, first holf-yectr. knowledge of Plane Trigonometry is essential for admission to it. Hydrodynamics. Three times weekly, second half-year. IV. Laboratory Work. Partial Differential Equations. Twice weekly, second half—year. The Physical Laboratory is furnished with apparatus pur- chased from the best European and American makers, selected DR. KIMBALL: with special reference to investigations, and especially valuable for A course of lectures adapted to the wants of those who have researches in electricity, magnetism, light, and heat. The labo- already taken the equivalent of the undergraduate course in ratory will be open for work, daily through the year. General Physics and who wish to continue their studies in Physics, while making other subjects their principal study. NOTE—Candidates for the degree ofPh. D., who take Physics as a princi- pal subject will be expected to attend Professor Rowland’s lectures for at Lectures weekly. least two years; to work not less than txvo years in the laboratory or to show Courses of Selected Readings in Physics by the students with such attainments in the mathematical theories of Physics as may be regarded examinations. as an equivalent; to exhibit a familiarity with a selected group of subjects, Heretofore these have embraced selections from thefollowing works, one such as are treated by the following authors: from each group beingrequisite: History: Puggendor~ Grant (Ilistory of Physical Astronomy); Sound: Helmholtz. Mechanics: Kirchhofl Thomson & Tait, Poisson, Duhamel, Jacobi, Peirce, fleet: Maxwell, Wiillner, Verdet, Tyndall. Resal, Routh, Newton, and (on special topics) Riemaun, Beer, and Electricity and Magnetism: Jeukin, Wililner, Verdet. Lam6; Light: Wiillner, Lloyd, Daguin, Jamin, Verdet. Sound: Rayleigh, Helmholtz; Conservation of Energy: Youmans, and others. Optics: Fresnel (special memoirs), Billet, Yerclet, Gauss (Dioptrische Untersuchungen), Young, Helmholtz (Physiologisehe Optik) DR. FRANKLIN: heat: Clausius, Rankine, Verdet, Rilblmana, I3riot, Fourier; Problems in Mechanics. Electricity and Magnetism: Maxwell (complete treatise), Faraday, Wiede— Twice weekly, through the year. mann, Mascart, Dc la Five, Thomson (papers on Electricity and Mag- (All special students in Physics are expected to attend this course). netism). II. Special Course on Molecular Dynamics Such candidates will also be required to present a thesisupon some subject by Sir Win. Thomson. in that branch of Physics upon which they have been especially engaged. Sir WILLIAM THOMSON, P. C. L., F. R. S L & E., etc., Professor of Physics in the University of Glasgow, will deliver in October next, a course of eighteen lectures on Molecular Dynamics. WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1883-84. An introductory lecture will be given on Wednesday, October 1. The other lectures will follow on consecutive days. The rooms devoted to the Physical Laboratory have been open Professors and students of physics fran] other institutions are invited to attend and arrangements will be made by wbicb they may easily obtain daily for the prosecution of advanced study and research, under temporary lodgings, provided an early intimation is received of their inten- the direction of Professor Rowland and Dr. Hastings. JUNE, 1884.] UNIVERSITY CIRCULARS. 103

During the year original investigations in the following subjects Advanced students have also taken part in meetings weekly, have been carried on for the reading and discussion of the current physical journals. On the photography of the spectrum by the concave grating. On the variation of the magnetic permeability with change oftemperature. Lectures have been given by Professor Rowland on Therruody- On the distribution of heat in the solar spectrum. namics, heat Conduction, and Physical Optics, four times weekly On the determination of the B.A unit of electrical resistance in absolute through the year. measure. On the determination of the specific resistance of mercury. The work of a part of the students has been guided by Dr. Experiments have been carried on, under the direction of Pro- Hastings. The major course has included lectures, weekly fessor Rowland, with nn appropriation from the government of through the year, and daily work in the laboratory, especially on the United States, with the view to aid in establishing an inter- Wednesdays. The minor course in General Physics has included national unit of electrical resistance. instruction daily through the year in Elementary Mechanics, Acoustics, Heat, Magnetism, Electricity, and Light, and a weekly exercise in the laboratory under Dr. ilustings and Mr. Reid.

CHEMISTRY AJSFD MIoc3-~-

PROGRAMME FOR 1884-5. 4. Journal Meetings. The courses in Chemistry are intended to meet thewants (1) of The instructors and advanced students will meet twice a week graduates who make Chemistry their specialty, or who select it for the purpose of hearing reports on the articles contained in the as one of their subordinate subjects for the degree of Doctor of cnn-cut journals of chemistry. Philosophy; (2) of undergraduate students who study Chemistry The reports are furnished in turn by all who attend the meetings. All the principal chemical journals are read and reported upon. for general training; (3) of special students who for good reasons have neither received a bachelor’s degree nor matriculated at this II. First Year’s Course. University. The first and second years’ courses are designed mainly for undergraduates, though graduates and special students This consists of laboratory work and lectures or recitations. who have not done an equivalent amount of work will be required let Half-Year: Introduction to General Chemistry. to follow such portions of these courses as may seem desirable. Lectures and examinations daily except Saturday (by Professor Remsen). I. Advanced Work. Laboratory Work. Three times weekly, laboratory open from 1 to 4 p. in., 1. Laboratory Work. Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday. Work under Most of the work of advanced students is carried on in the the direction of Professor IRemsen, Associate- laboratory, which will be open to them daily, except Saturday, Professor Morse, and Dr. Keiser. from 9 a. m. until 5 p. m. The work, which will consist in making 2nd Half- Year: General Chemistry. difficult and typical preparations and in carrying out investiga- Conversational exercises supplementary to the tions on assigned topics, will be wholly under the direction of course of the first half-year; three times weekly (by Associate-Professor Morse). Professor Remsen. Laboratory Work. 2. General Lectures. (By Professor Remsen). As above, continued. Advanced topics will be treated in lectures which will be given Mineralogy. two or three times a week during the first half-year. These will Introduction to Crystallography and Descriptive be supplementary to the courses in general chemistry given Mineralogy; twice weekly (by Dr. Williams). during the first two years. The special topics will be changed each year. This year the course will be supplementary to the III. Second Year’s Course. lectures on the Chemistry of the Compounds of Carbon. The second year’scourse is a continuation of thatjust described; 3. Historical Lectures. together they form what is known as the Major Course. During the second half-year there will be a course of about 1st Half-Year: Analytical Chemistry. twenty leetni-es on historical topics selected and assigned by Lectures and examinations four times weekly (by Asso- Professor Remsen to Fellows and other advanced workers in the cinte-Professor Morse). chemical laboratory. Descriptive Mineralogy. This work, while serving to familiarize students with chemical literature, Qiece weekly (by Dr. Williams). is intended also to aid them in acquiring the art of presenting subjects in Laboratory Work. the form of lectures before audiences. All those who look forward to the Doily except Saturday, 2—5 p. in. (under the direction career of teachers of chemistry will be required to take active part in the of Professor IRemsen and Associate-Professor exercises. Morse). 104 JOILYS hOPKINS [No. 31.

2nd Half Year : Chemistry of the Compounds of Carbon. The Fellows and other advanced students bave met the instruc- Lectures curd examinations daily except Saturday, (by tors txvice a week during the year for the purpose of keeping Professor iRemsen). abreast of the current chemical literature. All the important Laboratory Work. journals have been carefully read, and full reports of the various As al)ove, continued. articles have been made. These students have been often called upon to treat impor- IV. Applied Chemistry. tant chemical questions in a broad way, going to the original Opportunity will be offered for work in Applied Chemistry in sources and presenting the results in a complete form. In most almost any direct.ion. Some instruction will be given in the cases the topics so investigated have been connected with the assaying of ores. The object of this work is not to make assayers experimental work going on at the time; but other questions also in tbe narrow sense of the word, nor mere analysts of certain have been elaborated in this way which bore less directly on the products, hut to afford the thoroughly trained chemist an oppor- current studies. In several cases carefully written reports of tunity to familiarize himself with some of the more important the results obtained have been prepared. The excellent library applications of his science. of chemical hooks and journals which is accessible to the students in the laboratory, at all reasonable hours, has greatly facilitated V. Mineralogy and Geology. the execution of this very desirable literary work. In addition to the elementary instruction in Mineralogy included At the beginning of the year subjects were assigned to the in the regular chemical courses as above described, Dr. George H. Fellows and others for the preparation of lectures on various Williams will give a course in general Inorganic Geology extend- chemical topics treated historically; and sixteen such lectures were ing through the first half-year; and special laboratory instruction the result. These were prepared from a careful study of the in Mineralogy and Petrography throughout the year. original articles in the journals, and were not borrowed from books on the history of chemistry. Full abstracts of these lectures, furnished with complete references to the articles consulted, are WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1883-84. to be prepared and preserved in the chemical library. The lec- tures given were as follows: Two by Mr. D. T. Day on “The History of the halogens”; The Chemical Laboratory is a new building which covers an Two by Mr. H. N. Stokes on “Tue history of Oxygen”; area of about 50 by 100 feet and has three full stories and a base- Two by Mr. E. H. Keiser on “The Chemistry of Iron historically Con- ment. In the basement are the necessary conveniences for assay- sielereel” ing and other furnace operations. On the next floor there nrc Two by Dr. J. iR. Duggan on “The History of the Azo- and Diazo-Com- large rooms devoted mainly to qualitative and quantitative pounds” One by Dr. G. H. Williams on “The Relation between Crystalline Form analysis. On the second floor, are the rooms for research work, and Chemical Constitution” those of the director, the library, and a lecture room for General One by Mr. A. G. Palmer on “The ihistory of il3enzene”; Chemistry. On the tbird floor, are rooms for the chemical and Oneby Mr. H. W. hillyer on “Stas’s Woric on Atomic Weight.” mineralogical collections, a working and lecture-room for mine- One by Mr. J. E. Talmage on “The History of tIre Alkali Metals” ralogy, and a second lecture-room for chemistry. The laboratory Two by Dr. Morse on “The History of Phosphorus”; will conveniently accommodate about ninety working students. Two by Professor Renisen on “The Basicity of Acids.” Advanced students have been engaged daily in the laboratory In addition, the work of the year has consisted of the courses in prosecuting such work as seemed best adapted to the purposes below mentioned: of each. Those who have completed the full courses in General LaboratoryWork for undergraduates through the entire year, conductedby Chemistry, including from two to three years’ work in qualitative Professor iRemsen and Dr. Morse. and quantitative analysis and about a year’s work in making Lectures by Professor Remsen: difficult and instructive preparations, were encouraged to under- General Chemistry (Non-Metals), five times weekly,first holf-yea~-. Chemistry of the Compounds of Carbon, fire times weekly, secoad half-year. take the solution of original problems. Courses by Dr. Morse: The following investigations have been completed during the Analytical Chemistry, four times weekly, first half-year. year. Others are in progress. General Chemistry (Non-Metals), flee timcs weekly, secoral half-yeur. A contribution to thehistory of active oxygen. Courses by Dr. Williams: The actionof heaton ethylene. Practical exercises in Mineralogy and Petrography, through the entire On the chemical conduct of the suiphinide obtained by oxidizing e-naph- year. thalene-suiphamide. Mineralogy, three times sceckly, first half-year. The effect of light on fermentation. Geology, three times soeckly, seco~rel halfyear. The relative stability of halogen derivatives of carbon compounds. The results of these investigations have either been already pub- lished or will soon appear in the American Chemical Journal. Six numbers of the AMERICAN CHEMICAL JOURNAL have Some of them have been read before the Johns Hopkins Scientific appeared within the year. These are Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6 of Vol. V, Association at its regular meetings. and Nos. 1 and 2 of Vol. VI. JUNE, 1884.3 UNIVERSITY GIRCULAPS. 105

BIOLOGY.

PROGRAMME FOR ‘884-85. 2. The Embryology of the Chick. Three lectures or recitations weekly from the middle of April until the close of the session. I. Collegiate Instruction. In this course the student, who has already in his General Biology observed the natural arrangement of animals and plants in diverging series ranging from a simple bit of hymn matter to This is designed especially for undergraduate students, but highly complicated organisms, studies the individual develop- graduate students who have not had a thorough preliminary ment of one of the higher animals, from its start as an almost training will be required to follow the instruction in those sub- formless bit of living matter to its final highly complex struc- ture. The increasing differentiation of tissues and organs which jects of the college course in which they are found to be deficient, he has noted as higher and higher plants and animals were before they will be permitted to undertake advanced biological dissected, he now sees exemplified by the chick embryo in differ- studies or engage in original research. ent stages of development. At the same time a good foundation is laid for subsequent advanced study in Vertebrate Morphology. First Year (Minor) Course. 3. Osteology, Human and Comparative. Two lectures or recitations weekly until the middle ofApril, with praet~ This has been planned to meet the needs (I) of those who stetcly on selected skeletons. intend ultimately to take up some one branch of Biology (Zo6logy, The student begins with the human skeleton, which, as the most Physiology, or Botany) for special study; (2) of students, gradu- minutely and accurately described of all conveniently accessible ate or undergraduate, who expect later to study medicine, but animal structures, is well fitted to train him to observe closely and accurately. He then studies a skeleton from each of the meanwhile desire, as a valuable preparation, to obtain some gen- chief orders of the Mammalia and two or three from each of the eral knowledge of the phenomena, laws, and conditions of life; remaining main groups of Vertebrata. (3) of those who desire, as a part of their general college trainiun, 4. Plant Analysis. some acquaintance with the methods of modern experimental and Practical instruction tscieeweeklyfrom the middle ofApril until the close of observational science, and select Biology as a subject of study the session. with that end in view. Thee student is taught how to collect and preserve plants; and by The course consists of five lectures or recitations weekly the analysis of a number of flowering plants nuder the direction throughout the academic year, with laboratory work. The labor- of his teacher, gets a good introduction to the terminology of atory work takes the place of the greater part of the outside descriptive botany, and learns how to use a botanical key for the recognition ofspecies. reading required in connection with most other undergraduate courses in the university. The following subjects form together the year’s work. Second Year (Major) Course. 1. General Biology. This is designed for those who, having completed the above Three lectures or recitations weeklyfrom the commencement of the session minor course, desire to proceed farther with biological studies. until the middle of April. Ultimately the second year’s work in biology will be, at the choice Attention is directed to the broad characteristic phenomena of life of the student, one of three courses; in the first of these Animal and living things rather than to the minutlee of descriptive Physiology will be the dominant study; in the second, Animal Botany or Zoblogy, or the character of orders, genera, and species. In the laboratory the student learns how to observe, Morphology; in the third, Botany ; for the present a choice is only how to verify and describe what lie observes, how to dissect, and offered between the first and second of the three. how to nse a microscope; he examines selected vegetable and [Tocomplete l,is major course a student must, after finishing l,is minor, take either 1, animal types from unicellular organisms, as the yeast-plant and 2, and 5, of the subjects below named, or 2, 3, aud 4. TIse former combination isespecially Ameeba, to the fern and the flowering-plant on one side and the fitted for those who iutend afterwards to study medicine]. crayfish and a mammal on the other. in the lecture rooni 1. Mammalian Anatomy. attention is mainly given to the fundamental biological facts Twice seeckly, until Christmas. and laws which the particular plant or aninial under considera- In connection with this course the student dissects one of the tion is fitted to illustrate, thc object being rather to give the higher mammals with all the minuteness with which the human student an idea of what is meant by the terms living thing, plant, body is dissected in a medical school. He thus not merelylearns animal, tissue differentiation, life history, organ, function, etc., how to thissect thoroughly, but acquires a knowledge of the than to teach biti the elements of Botany and Comparative names, gener~ 1 distribution and structure of nearly all the Anatomy as commonly understood. The organisms studied are muscles, nerves, vessels, and viscera, and becomes fitted to talte Torula, Protococcus, Ammba, Bacteria, Penicillinin, Mucor, up protitably the professional study of thc details of descriptive Spirogyra, Nitellu., a moss, a fern, a flowering-plant, Infusoria, and regional Huineen Anatomy, and so saves much time when he Hydra, starfish, earthworm, crayfish, clam, squid, cartilaginous afterwards cesters a medicul school. fish, frog, terrapin, pigeon, and rat; so that at the close of the course the student has a practical knowledge of a typical exam- 2. Animal Physiology and Histology. plc from each of the main divisions of plants and animals, on Three lectures or recitations weekly during the year. which to base further reading. This course is designed to give the student a good knowledge of the healthy properties and mode of working of the various tissues and organs of the higher animals, man included; also to give 106 JOHNS HOPKINS [No. 31.

him a good knowledge of their microscopic structure. In the 4. Physiological Psychology. laboratory each student examines for himself the histology of During the academic year a course of lectures, combined with each organ and tissue, and thus learns the use of reagents and laboratory work, will be given by Dr. G. Stanley Hall, in con- embedding materials, the methods of mounting specimens, etc.; nection with the psychological courses of instruction in the he also studies practically the composition of the more important university. organs and tissues, the chemistry of digestion, the fundamental properties of living muscles and nerves, the beat of the heart, 5. Lectures. the phenomena of reflex action, etc. Important physiological Short advanced courses of lectures are given from time to time on facts, which require special skill for their exhibition or the selected physiological and morphological subjects. employment of especially delicate instruments, are demonstrated 6. Journal Club. to the class. There will be, as a rule, one such demonstration weekly. A Journal Club, composed ofthe instructors and advanced students, meets weekly for the reading and discussion of recent biological 3. Elements of Zoiilogy. publications. Two lectures or recitations weekly from Christmas until the end of the 7. Library Facilities. academic year. A systematic course of lectures on the structure, relationships, The laboratory contains a library supplied with standard biological and classification of animals. Iii the laboratory the student will works and complete sets of the more important journals. There dissect a number of forms selected to supplement the types is also a special collection of books which have been brought studied in the General Biology course. together in connection with researches carried on in the labora- tory. An effort is always made to procure for anyone engaged 4. Marine Laboratory. in a particular investigation all publications bearing on his work At least two months’ study at the marine laboratory of the University but not easily accessible, as graduation theses, occasional publica- between June 1st and August 31st. tions from laboratories in Europe and elsewhere, etc. The bio- This may be taken in one year or a month may be taken in each of logical library receives regularly about forty biological periodi- two consecutive years. cals, including all the important physiological and morphological journals in English, French, German, and Italian. The general library of the University receives all the chief journals II. University Instruction and Opportunities. ofgeneral science, and the transactions of all the leading learned societies of the world. The Library of the Peabody Institute, within five minutes’ walk of This is designed for graduates who have already such a knowl- the University, contains complete sets of many of the chief bio- edge of Biology as might be obtained by following the collegiate logical journals, of the proceedings of learned societies, and major course in that subject, and for others who, although not other works of reference. graduates, satisfy the university authorities that they are compe- In the library of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland, tent to undertake advanced work. In the university courses but a very large number of medical periodicals is accessible to mem- bers of the University. little of the teaching is given by formal lectures; the instructors The proximity of Washington is of special value to advanced come into close daily contact with the students, supervise their students of physiology. The Library of the Army Medical work, direct their researches, and advise as to their reading. Museum in that city contains an almost unrivalled store of 1. Animal Physiology. physiological works which are available under conditions favor- able to study. The newbiological laboratory opened last October, hasbeen espec- ially constructed with reference to providing opportunity for 8. Publication. advancedwork in experimental physiology. The collection of In connection with the biological laboratory there is published a physiological instruments belonging to the University is un- journal (“ Studiesfrom the Biological Laboratory”) which contains usually large and complete and is yearly added to,—the Trustees the results of most of the researches carried out in the labora- providing an annual sum for the purchase of instruments wanted tory; a ready means of publication for original work is thus for any particular investigation, or which for other reasons it is secured. The University Circalars, which appear at brief inter- desirable to have in the laboratory. There is also a well-fitted- vals throughout the year, are available for preliminary state- up workshop in the laboratory in which a skilled mechanic is ments, securing priority for discoveries while more detailed kept constantly at work repairing and constructing instruments. accounts are in course of publication. The laboratory contains two large rooms for general advanced work in animal physiology, in addition to others specially designed for work with the spectroscope, with the myograph, III. Naturalists’ Field Club. for electro-physiological researches, and for physiological chem- istry. This was organized by members of the University, but includes 2. Animal Histology. in its list of members other residents of Baltimore interested in The laboratory contains a special room constructed for advanced Natural History. The club works in three sections—Geology histological work, and well supplied with apparatus and reagents. and Mineralogy, Zo6logy, Botany. Each section elects its own There is also a room for micro-photography. officers and arranges for its own field excursions and its own 3. Animal Morphology. meetings. There are also monthly meetings of the whole club, Rooms for advanced work in this subject are also contained in the when the chairmen of the different sections report progress and laboratory and a course of advanced lectures will be given by an address on some topic of Natural History is given by one of Dr. Brooks. The chief advanced study in animal morphology the members. is bowcver carried on at the Marine Laboratory, open at the sea- The mineralogical collections of the club are preserved in the side from the beginning of June until the ~nd of August, under Chemical Laboratory; thebotanical and zo6logical in the Museum the direction of Dr. Brooks. The Marine Laboratory possesses - a steam launch, and is supplied with the necessary dredges, boats, of the Biological Laboratory. aquaria) microscopes, etc. JUNE, 1884.] UiYI VEJ?SITY CIA C ULAAS. 107

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1883-84. for study under the immediate direction of some one of the instruc- tois. In addition to the original researches already enumerated, I. Laboratory Work. certain graduate students have in this manner carried on advanced study in various directions. The Biological Laboratory has been open for eight hours daily Students engaged in this kind of study (which forms a stepping- during the year, for the prosecution of advanced study and stone between class-work and original research), are usually given research and for courses of practical instruction in connection some important original article, and shown how to repeat and with classes. verify for themselves (and criticise, if necessary) the experiments During the year original investigations, the results of which and results described in it. By studying and repeating the either have been or soon xviii be published, have been made in the original work of others they learn the methods of biological following subjects: investigation, and arethus trained to plan and carry out researches The nature of the process of the coagulation of hlood. The chemical themselves. In connection with this work, students arealso taught composition of the blood of the Terrapin. The influence of various salts and other substances on the contraction of the arterioles. The suction-pump how to hunt up and utilize the bibliography of a subject. action of the heart. The influence of sudden variations of arterial pres- sure on the rhythm of the heart. The action of carbolic acid on the heart III. Class Instruction. anti its antagonism by atropin. The influence of convallarin and conval- Courses of lectures for undergraduates were given as follows: lamarin on the heart. The anatomy of Nemertians. The development Osteology, twice weekly, through the year. and metamorphosis of various insects. The development and histology of Mammalian Anatomy, twice weekly, until Christmas. Salpa. The histology of Amiurns. Animal Physiology and Histology, three timesweekly, through the year. In connection with the regular class instruction, first yea.r students General Biology, three times weekly, until the middle of April. thoroughly studied a number of typical fungi, green plants, and animals; Embryology of the Chick, three times weekly, from the middle of April the skeletons of about twenty selected vertebrates; and the development until the elose of the session. of the chick in the egg. In the spring there were a few practical lessons Plant Analysis, twiee weekly, in May. in the elements of Systematic and Descriptive Botany. Second year students worked at the histology of the tissues and organs IV. Marine Laboratory. of the higher vertebrata (especially man); the physiological properties and During the summer of 1883, the seaside Zodlogical Laboratory functions of the tissues and organs; the physiology of dinestion; the chem- for the study of forms of marine life, was open at Hampton, Va., istry of bile, urine, etc. The stock of physiological apparatus belonging to the University being unusually large, and including several duplicates of from May 1 until September 29. all the more frequently used instruments, each student in the class of The advanced work included original investigations on the Animal Physiology had the opportunity and wa.s required to perform for following subjects: himself all the really fundamental physiological experiments, save such ai The anatomy and development of barnacles, the anatomy and develop- required some special skill or the use of very delicate apparatus; these were ment of crabs, the histology of Endendrium, the anatomy and development demonstrated to the class. The, cat was also thoroughly dissected by the of Balanoglossus, the development of the oyster, the anatomy of Lingula, second year students. the protozoea stage of crabs, the development of Annelids, the anatomy and development of Chrysaora, the origin of the eggs of hybrids and tunicates, II. Advanced Instruction. the function of the semi-circular canals of sharks, and the general zo6logy of the Hydro-Medusac. A course of twenty-three advanced lectures was given as follows: Four lectures by Professor Martin on “The Causes of Chemical Degrada- V. Publications. tion in the Animal Body.” Number 1 of the third volume of “Studies from theBiological Four lectures by Mr. W. H. Howell on “The Consumption of Matter by Laboratory” was published in March. It contains: the Animal Body under various conditions.” Two lectures by Mr. F. S. Lee on “The Formation of Fat in the Animal I. Significance of the larval skin of Decapods. By H. W. Coun. With Body.” two plates. Four lectures by Mr. L. T. Stevens on “The Relative Value of Various II. Life history of Thalassema. (Abstract.) By H. W. Cona. With Foodstuffs.” one plate. One lecture by Mr. H. F. Nachtrieb on “The Physiology of Hunger and III. Of the Gill in some forms of prosobranchiate Mollusca. By H. L. Thirst.” Osborn. With three plates. Three lectures by Mr. Otto Lagger on “The Metamorphosis of Insects.” Number 2 of Volume III is in press. Two lectures by Mr. H. L. Osborn on “The Embryology of Insects.” Articles by various members of the biological department have Three lectures by Mr. H. W. Conn on “The Relationship between Ver- also been published in the University Circulars, in the Journal tebrates and Invertebrates. of Physiology, and in the Zotilogisoher Anzeiger. Abstracts of Dr. W. K. Brooks gave a course of about thirty-five lectures on two researches have been printed in the Proceedings of the Royal the Morphology of the Crustacca. Society of London, und will shortly appear in full in the Professor W. Trelease, of the University of Wisconsin, delivered “Philosophical Transactions.” in January fourteen lectures on “Vegetable Physiology.” He The report of the Oyster Commission of the State of Maryland, also delivered in Hopkins Hall four lectures on “The Fertiliza- prepared by Dr. W. K Brooks, Chairman of the Commission, tion of Floxvers.” and embodying the results of his prolonged investigations at the Most of the advanced work, however, was carried on individu- Marine Laboratory upon the propagation of the American Oyster, ally, and not in class; each worker taking up some special topic was issued in February. 108 JOHNS HOPKINS [No. 31.

ANCIENT AND MODERN LANGUAGES.

PROGRAMMES FOR 1884-85. IV. Undergraduate Courses.

1. Isocrates, i, iv ; Xenophon, Hiero. CREEK. Three times wee/dy, first ha/f-year. Din. SPIEKER. Conferences on Greek History. Weekly,first ha/f-year. PinoFxssox C. D. Momxrs. I. Greek Seminary. 2. homer, Iliad, xvi, XVII; Euripides, Hercules Furens. PROFESSOR GILDERSLEEVE will conduct the Greek Seminary, Four times weekly, second ho/f-year. Dx. SPIEKER. the plan of which is based on the continuous study of some lead- 3. Plato, Gorgias. ing author or some special department of literatui’e. Four times weekly, first ho/f-year. PRoFESsoR C. ID. Momxxs. The Seminary consists of the Director, Fellows, and Scholars, 4. Aesehylus, Septern c. Thebas; Euripides, Iphig. in Taur. Three tinscs weekly, second he/f-year. PROFEssOR C. D. Moseuis. and such advanced students, to the number of six, as shall satisfy Conferences on Greek Grammar. the Director of their fitness for an active participation in the Weekly, second hcdf-yeca. Pxovxssox GILDERSLEEYE. work, by an essay, a critical exercise, or some similar test of o. Prose Composition. attainments and capacity. All graduate students, however, may Weekly exercises ia connection with each of the chore courses. have the privilege of attending the course. Private Reading. Students having the time are encouraged During the next academic year the study of The A/tic Ora/ors to pursue parallel courses of private reading under the direction will constitute the chief occupation of the members. There will of the instructor. Those who pass examinations on such work will be two meetings aweek during the entire session. Especial atten- he able to complete their courses in shorter time than otherwise. tion will be paid to the development of language and style and to Examinations on the following books will be provided for 1884-5: the antique canons of aesthetic criticism. The rhetorical works la. Merry’s Selections frons Herodotus. of Dionysios of Halikarnassos will be studied in connexion with 2a. Plutarch, Thins/stones, Cicero. 3a. Homer, Odyssey. xxs—xxiv. this course. 4a. Xenophon, Oecononucas. Thestudent should possess the text of the orators (Teuhuer ed..~. Blass’s Gesehiehte der Attisehen Beredsamkeit is an indispensable auxiliary. An NOTE. — The work provided for subsequent years will be arranced5onconsa effort will he made to have the seminary library fairly complete in the im- similar s eme, although the books offered will be different. Ex’~anos on the courses in Private Reading will be held at the end ofend half N ear. portant works of reference for the study. Class courses 1 and 2 are to be taken as the first year’s work w sib Ia a 2a ofPrivate Reading. The second year’s work will consist of 3 md 4 ~mith II. Advanced and Graduate Courses. 3a and 4a of Private Reading. Should ally student be unable to cto the Private Reading in connection with his class work, he may take the cxii a- 1. PROFESSOR GILPERSLEEVE will also conduct a course of nation on Private Readin Practical Exercises irs Greek, consisting chiefly in translation 6s or extra courses of class work in a subsequent at dictation from Greek into English and English into Greek, year. One course of class work is in all cases considered the equivalent of two two meetings a week, from the beginning of the session to the courses ofparallel reading. first of January. Advanced undergraduates will be admitted to IDa. A. E~sEaSou will conduct courses in Classical Arebmology this course upon the recommendation of their advisers. through the year, for graduate as well ~s undergraduate students. 2. Professor Gilderslceve will lecture on the Syntax of the Moods arid Tenses once a week until January 1, and thereafter L AT I twice a week until April 1. r~. 3. Professor Gildersleeve will lecture on the Greek Lyric Poets, with illustrative readings, once a week after January 1. I. Latin Seminary. 4. Dii. BLOOMFIELD will give a course in the Comparative Dii. WARREN will conduct the Latin Seminary. The study of Grammar of Greek, during the first half-year. Roman Satire will form the chief occupation of the members 5. Notices as to other courses are reserved. during the next academic year. There will be two meetings a week throughout the year one of which will be devoted to critical III. New Testament Greek. interpretation and the other to auxiliary studies, and to the dis- Mii. J. I{ENDEL hARRIS will give the foHowing courses: cussion of papers presented by members of the Seminary. It is probable that during the first half of the year more particular 1. Paleography, with especial reference to the Documents of the New Testament. attention will be paid to Horace and Lucihius, and in the latter 2. The Gospel of Mark, with an examination of the question as half to Juvenal, and in a less degree to Persius. to the authenticity of the last twelve verses. Students are advised to provide themselves in advance with Keller and Holder’s Editio Minor of Horace (Leipzig, 1878) and Scbfltz’s edition of 3. Portions of the Sub-Apostolic literature will he read and Horace’s Satires (Berlin, 1881); Otto Jabn’s edition of Juvenal with the criticized, and in particular the second epistle of Clement Scholia, (Berlin, 1851), or Mayor’s Thirteen Satires of Juvenal with a com- and the “Teachings of the Twelve Apostles.” mentary (2 vol., Macmillan, 1878 and 1880) ; and with Lacbmann’s edition of 4. A short course will probably be given on some questions Lucilius (Berlin, 1876 with the Index Lucilianus of Harder, Berlin, 1878), connected with Church History and the growth of Christian or the edition of Lucian Mueller (Leipzi~, 1872). Institutions. A good reading knowledge of German is very essential for the successful prosecution of the course. JUNE, 1884] UNIVERSITY CIRC (fLAilS. 109

II. Advanced and Graduate Courses. SHEMITIC LANCUACES.

1. In the first half-year IDa. WARREN will give a course of six- Professor IIAUPT will give the following courses: teen lectures on the Roman Satirists. 1. hebrew for beginners. 2. In the latter half of the year DR. WARREN will conduct a Elements of the grammar and interpretation of the story of Joseph course of Practical Exercises in Latin, one meeting a week, con- in the book of Genesis (ch. 37—tb). Monday and Friday, 4 p. m. sisting mainly in translation at dictation from Latin into English, Gessnins’ IIelrese gressner, translated by Edward C. Mitcheil; Hebrece and (J1,at,tee Lsxicsie to the Old Testament i)y B. Davies, revised by E. C. and English into Latin. Mitchell, Andover, i553; Liter Genesis, ed. 5. I3aer and Fr. Delitzsch. Lipsias, isGi. III. Undergraduate Courses. 2. Hebrew Exercises. Reading historical books at sight. Thursday, 4 p. m. 1. Livy, two books. 3. Critical Interpretation of selected Psalms. Three times weekly, first half-year. Dx. SirIxscEia. Tuesday, 4 p. m. Conferences on Roman History. Liber Psatmeram Ilebraicas, ed. 5. Baer and Fr. Deiitzsch, Lipsias, 1861. Weekly, first half-year. Dx. SPIEKEx. 4. Chaldean Grammar and Interpretation of the hook of Daniel. 2. Horace, Select Odes, Satires and Epistles. Wednesday, 4 p. m. Lazzatos Urantinar translated l)y J. 5. Goldaminer (New York, 1876); Libri Foar times weekly, secoad hcilf-year. iDx. SPIEKER. De,sietis Evrae it Nehunias, ed. 5. User atid Fr. Delitiseb, Lipsiae, 1882. 3. Cicero, de Oratore I, Tusenicin Dispeetations I. 5. Ethiopic: Interpretation of the hook of Baruch. Three times weekly, fist half-year. Pxo~xssox C. D. Moxxvs. Dillmann’s Chrestoasothia Aethiopica (Lipsiae, 1866). Wednesday, Reading at sight. 3p.m. Once sveekly. 6. Arabic: Reading of the Travels of Sindhad. (From the Arabian Nights). 4. Catullus; Martial, Select Epigrams. Beyrut Arabic Chrestoinathy, Vol. I. Tuesday, 3 p. m. Seven times in two weeks, second half-year. Pxorxssox C. D. Moxxvs. 7. Outlines of Assyriari Grammar. Reading at sight. Thursday, ii a. m. Once in two eceeks. 8. Sardanapalus’ Arabian Campaign (V R., 7, 82). 5. Plautus, ]Jilosiellaria; Terencc, Andria. Thursday, 12 m. flYeree times weekly,first half-year. Dx. WA xEN. Sis. Henry Raveiinson’s C’aaeifsrm Inseriptiens ef iVestern Asia, Vol. V Part Reading at sight. I, London, 1550. Once sceekly. 9. Interpretations of selected Sumero-Akkadian Hymns and Psalms. 6. Tacitus, Dialogus de Oraloribus, Germcinia, Annales I. Thursday, 3 p. m. Sevew times in two weeks, first half-year. Dx. WAxxEN. I-Iaupts*Keitschr,ftte te, Parts 1—IY, Leipzig, 1881—82. Reading at sight. Once in two weeks. In reply to inquiries concerning the programme for 1885—86 it may be 7. Prose Composition. added (so far as announcement can he made at present), that there will be in IVeekly exercises en connection with each of the above conrses. hebrew, besides exercises in reading at sight, Isaiah, and in (Jhalrlee Ezra and Nehemiab; in Arabic, Qor’hn; in Ethiopic, the homilies in Dilimanus Chres- Private Beading. Students having the time are encouraged tomathy; and in Assyriology, introduction to the study of Babylonian texts, to pursue parallel courses of private reading under the direction Nebuchadnezzar Inscriptions, Cyrus Cylinder; Nimrod Epic with the ennel- of the instructor. Those who pass examinations on such work form account of the Deluge; Akkadian Exorcisms and Inc’ utations. A will be able to complete their courses in shorter time than other- Syriac course for beginners also will be given. wise. Examinations on the following books will he provided for 1884—5: la. Cusar, Bellum tJivile; Cicero, de Amicitia. SANSKRIT AND THE CO PARAT~VE CRA - 2a. Horace, Epocies and Oll.rmea Saccalare; Ovid, Fasti, I, II. MAR OF THE COC NATE LANCUACES. 3a. Cicero, Orator, Tasceelan Disputatious, H. 4a. Pliny, Select Letters. 5a. Plantus, C’aptivi; Terence, Phormio. IDa. BLOOMFIELD will give the following courses: Ga. Tacitus, Agricola., Histories r; Suetonius, Life of Tiberists. 1. Beginner’s Class in San skrit. Whitney~s Grassnuar. Lanman’s Bender. Twice a week. NOTE—The work provided for subsequent years will be arraw~’ed on a 2. Advanced Class in Sanskrit. similar scheme, although the books offered will be different. Examina- hlitopadega and Kathr7saritseiyara during the first hia.lf~year; ~akun- tions on the courses in Private Reading will be held at the end of each tala during the second half-year. half-year. Class courses 1 and 2 are to be taken as the first years work, 3. Introduction into the Rig-Veda. with la and 2a of Private Reading. The second year’s work will consist of courses 3 and 4, with 3a and 4a of Private Reading. (5 and t3, with Lectures and select hymns. 5a and Ga, are offered as alternatives.) Should any student be unable to 4. Advanced Vedic Class. do the Private Reading in connection with his class work, he may take the Atharva- Veda during the first half-year, selections from the examination on Private Readings or extra courses of class work in a sub- Brhhmana and Siltra literature during the second half-year. sequent year. One course of class work is in all cases considered the 5. Introduction into Comparative Philology. equivalent of two courses of parallel reading. Lectures and Whitney’s Lanywage and the Study of Language. 6. Select chapters of Comparative Grammar of Greek. Based on Gustav Meyer’s Griechisehe Grausmatik and designed especially for the members of the Greek seminary. Daring the first half-yeae-. JOHNS HOPKINS [No. 31.

CERMAN. Exercises in German style and syntax. ~lfonthly. Knowledge of German is required in all courses of study Exercises in German conversation. which lead to graduation. Instruction is provided to meet the Enrollment for these exercises is optional. requirements of different classes of students, as follows: NOTE 3.—Graduate students who show their fitness for it, may join cer- tam classes in B while still in A. CLASS FOR BEGINNERS. This class will meet three times weekly throngh the year. The (Statements as to advanced courses are reserved~. text-books used will be Whitney’s Grammar, and Reader (first twenty-four pages), and Ahn-llenn’s Rudiments (first half), with ROMANCE LANCUACES. short selections in prose. The course does not count as part of the requirements for graduation, but is simply an aid provided by the Knowledge of French is required in all courses of study that University for those who are not ready to enter class A. Atten- lead to graduation. Instruction is provided to meet the needs of dance upon this class is restricted to undergraduate students. different classes of students, as follows: NOTE I —Candidates for Class A may offer as an equivalent for the work of the beginner’s class: CLASS FOR BEGINNERS. Grammar: Declension, gender, conjugation, and the simpler rules of syn- This class will meet daily through the year. The text-books tax. used will be Breymann’s French Grammar, Chardenal’s First Reading: Whitney’s reader, the first 24 pages, or Adler’s reader, the French Course, together with the beginning of Knapp’s French prose pieces in the first and second sections, or equivalents. They must also be able to render at sight simple English sentences into German. Readings. The course does not count as part of the requirements for graduation but is simply an aid provided by the university for CLASS A. those who arc not ready to enter class A, for which the work here This is commonly called the minor course. For admission to done is considered a sufficient preparation. it, the stndent, whether collegiate or graduate, must possess the I. French: Class A. knowledge indicated above. All undergraduates, except the classical students, are required (Co iersefor a firsl year). to follow this course or to show that they have an equivalent To enter this course both a written and an oral examination must be passed. Candidates will be required to have a thorough knowledge of knowledge of German. Classical students are also advised to Grammar forms, especially of the irregular verbs, to have read one hundred pursue this study and will receive from the instructor such counsel duodecimo pages of French Prose and to have translated twenty-five pages as will aid them in doing so, and his certificate will be needed of English exercises into French. For the oral examination they are before they can fully satisfy the requirements for graduation. requested to offer the texts they have used in preparation. There will be five class meetings, weekly, through the year. 1. Reading of Literary French. Classics: Prose; Drama. Selections from Guizot, Dumas ph-c, Th. Gautier, Daudet, Victor Twice weekly. Jingo. Knapp: Preach Readinys. Twice weekly. Miscellaneous Selections. 2. Historical Course. Weekly. Montesquien: Grandenr et Dicacience des Ro9nains. Weekly. Prose Composition, with Whitney’s Grammar. 3. Scientific Course. Weekly. Mime-Edwards: Pricis d’Histo’ireNaturelle; Flammarion: Merveilles dw Gel. Weekly. Oral practice in German; based upon familiar readings and exercises. 4. French Composition. Syntax, first half-year; idioms, second half-year. Weekly. Weekly. 5. Lectures. NOTE 2.—Candidates who offer German in place of Greek for matricula- tion will be examined on the work of Class A or its equivalent. The lectures will discuss Victor lingo, and the Romantic school; Th6ophile Gautier and the Naturalists; Guizot and the Modern CLASS B. Historians. Fortaiyhtly. Students who havecompleted the work of Class A or an equiva- Opportunities for thorough training in French pronunciation lent may take a second year’s course or any part of it. and conversation will be given, a class meeting daily through the year. There will be five meetings weekly, as follows: Reading of German Classics (continued.) II. French: Class B. Twice weekly. (Course J~r a second year). Prose Composition. Open only to those who have pur~ued the first year’s course orits equivalent. Weekly. 1. Lectures on French Philology, Phonetics, etc. Lectures on the History of German Literature from the Weekly. Reformation, with Kiuge’s Geschichte der deutschen Literatur 2. Lectures on French Literature of the Middle Ages. and readings. Fo2-tnightly, second half-year. Weekly. 3. Middle French. Middle High German; selections from the Nibelungen Lied, C~alvin, Fran9ois de Sales, llfoataigne, Satyre hUnippie, Brant6me, Rabelais, Des Piriers, Marot, Ecole de Ronsard, with lectures on Gudrun, etc.; lectures on the chief Teutonic epic cycles, with sixteenth century Phonetics, Morphology and Syntax, accom- illustrations. panying the texts read. Darmesteter et Hatzfeld: Morceaux Weekly. Ohoisis. Twice weekly, first half-year. JUNE, 1884.] UNIVEPSITY CII?CULAPS.’ 111

4. Old French. WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1883-84. Lcs pies anciens monuments, St. Alexis, Roland, C’hrestien de Troycs, Renart, Rose, Villehardoin, Joinville, Proissart. Bartsch: C’hresto- mothie de l’Ancien Fran9ais. Twice weekly, second half-year. I. Greek. 5. Classical French. Molibre: Le Jfi.santhrope; Corneille: Le Cid; flacine: Phidre. Under the direction of Professor Gildersleeve the advanced Weekly. students of Greek have been organized into a Greek Seminary. 6. Prose Composition. According to the plan of the seminary the work of each year is Gase’s Prose Composition, first half-year; Original Essays, second concentrated on some leading author or some special department half-year. IVeckly. of literature. During the past year the work has been in the Greek historians. III. Special Courses in Italian and Spanish. In the seminary proper, which met twice a week during the academic 1. Italian: year, select portions of Thukydides were interpreted in turn by the different members of the seminary, with lectures and illustrative papers by the (a) Literary Goarse. Manzoni: I Pro~nessi Sposi; Alden: Abel; Gob Director and the students. doni: La Sposa Sagace, Gl’ Innamorati; Dante: Inferno. Weekly. Among the subjects treated may be mentioned: The composition of the (b) historical Goorse. Machiavelli: Lc Istorie Fiorentine; Sonzogno’s different parts of the history of Thukydides, the principles that regulate Storia della letteratara italiana. Weekly. the int.roduction of the Thukydidean speeches, use of the passive and mid- 6v in (c) Cranunar ond Composition. Weekly. dle in Thukydides, Thukydidean compounds, use of i~ipor and xeiy Thukydides, oracles in Ilerodotos, conditional sentences in Herodotos, 2. Spanish: the tract de iRepublica Atheniensium. Selections from “Ferna.n Caballero,” Jos6 Selgas, Lafuente, Javier rI~he work of the seminary was supplemented by the lectures of do Burgos, Joan Valero, Emilio Castelar. Knapp: SpanishRead- ings; first half-year. Calderon: LaDevocion de la C’raz; El ]Ilcigico the Director on Greek Historiography, illustrated by readings and Prodigioso; Cervantes: Don QaUote; second half-year. Twiceweekly. by an aunlysis of the treatises of Dionysios of ilalikarnassos on the style of Thukydides. IV. Advanced Courses in Romance Philology. Besides the seminary course proper, Professor Gildersleeve (For advanced students, and candidates for the degree delivered twenty-five lectures on the Theory of the Cases, con- of Ph. D. taking this subject). ducted twenty-two exercises in trn.nslating at dictation from Greek Course 1: into Ei’glish, and English into Greek, and gave a course of fifteen (a) Old French Seminary. lectures on Lucian. Critical examination of the earliest monuments of the language, Mr. Harris conducted a class-course in New Testament viz.: La Cantiline de Sainte Eidalie, Po.ssiom de Christ, Vie de Greek, twice weekly, through the year, and gave two courses, Saint Alexis. Weekly. one, of six lectures, on some New Methods of Textual Cricitism, (b) Langue d’oil Dialects. and the other, of three lectures on the newly published tract Lectures and practical exercises. Weekly. entitled “The Teachings of the Apostles.” (c) Comparative Phonology of the Romance Languages. Dr. Emerson conducted two classes in Pansanias and Greek Lectures. Weekly. Inscriptions, each meeting weekly during the second half-year, (d) Catalan and Modern Proven~al (first half-year), Wal- and a class in Greek Classical Antiquities, meeting twice weekly lachian (second half-year). during the first half-year. Weekly. A public course on Classical Arebreology, comprising fifteen (e) The History of Romance Studies in Europe. Lectures. Weekly. lectures, was given during the year. The course began with a lecture by Dr. Charles Waldstein, four lectures were given by Mr. Course 2: J. T. Clarke, three by Mr. W. J. Stillman, six by Dr. A. Emer- (a) Old French. son, and a closing lecture by Professor Gilderslceve. Aucassin et Nicolbte (Suchier’s edition). IVeekly. Additional courses were conducted during the year, by: (6) Old Proven~nl. XIII and XIV Century Extracts. Bartsch: Chrestomathic Pro- Professor C. D. Morris, in ven9ale. Weekly. Tisuhydides, bk. vii, four times sreekly, first half-year. Sopliokies, Philoctetes; Aristophanes, Ranac, four times weekly, second (c) French Phonetics of the Major Course. half-year. Weekly. (This class his also read at sight the Apology and Cnito of Plato and about one-half of (d) Italinis, with special students. She Aisiigone of Sophokies). Thrice weekly. lIomer, iliad, once weekly, through the year. (e) Spanish, with special students. Dr. Spieker, in Twice weekly. Lysias, four times weekly, first half-year. Homer, Odyssey, sx—xri; Euripides, Alcestis, four times weekly, second (f) Portuguese. half-year. Braga: Antologiaportugueza; Cambes: Os Lusiadas. Weekly. Classes in Greek Prose Composition were also conducted by each of the (g) Ladinian. instructors in connection with the courses above named. Ulrich: Rhiltoromanisehe Chrestomaihic, (II Theil.). Weekly, second Students have privately read for examination the following half-year. books: Aesclaylus, Persac (4). Aristoplianes, Plata.s (1). Demosthenes, in Timocratem (6). JOILYS HOPKINS [No. 31.

Euripides, Ilippolytas (4). III. Shernitic Languages. Herodotus, (Merry’s Selections) (7). Sophocles, Electra (1). The centre of Professor Ilaupt’s work was the Old Testament. Xenophon, Helicaica, i, u, (7). Hebrew was read two hours weekly, and was constantly referred to in all the other lectures on Arabic, Ethiopic, Assyriaii, Sumero- II. Latin. Akkadian, and in the Assyriological exercises. With the excep- tion of the last, all the courses were intended for beginners. The Latin Seminary under the direction of Dr. Warren, held Accordingly the instruction was given not in lectures but after the two sessions a week throughout the year, the author selected for seminary method. special study being Terence. In hebrew, the elementary difficulties having been overcome, portions of The plays of Terence were analyzed by the members of the seminary in the Pentateuch were read and afterwards, at sight, some chapters from the turn, and a part of the Phormio and a very considerable portion of the books of Judges, Ruth, and Kings. The interpretation was confined chiefly Andria were made the subject of critical interpretation. Some twenty-five to a thorough philological analysis. As a number of students who had lectures were given by Dr. Warren on topics connected with the Roman studied Hebrew for several years took part in this elementary course, drama, special attention being paid to the pre-Terentian literature, to the exegetical and critical problems were incidentally discussed, but attention metres, and to the history of the text of Terence. Papers were presented was devotcd mainly to a thorough training in the forms of the language. embodyin~ the results of special investigation by members ofthe seminary on The grammar used was Dr. Mitchell’s translation of Gesenius-Kautzsch. the following subjects: on the Didascalke, on the peculiarities of G. Sulpicius The Arabic class, for want of a. suitable text book in English, had to use Apollinaris as shown in the Periochae, on the position of adjectives and Petermaun’s Bi-evis linguae Arabicac gra~nmatiea. After a preparatory train- possessive pronouns relative to their substantives, on the critical value to ing in the sounds and forms, the first chapters of Genesis (Saadia’s Arabic be assigned to the citations of Terence found in Nonius Marcellus, on some version) ware read and then the opening sura of the Qor’kn and an easy striking differences between the metres of Plautus and Terence and those of historical text without vowels. In the grammatical analysis the forms and Greek Comedy, on Terence’s use of substantives as compared with that of the most important syntactical phenomena were thoroughly explained with Plautus, on the relative value of the different MSS. of Terence and their characteristic peculiarities, on Terence’s use of the present participle, on the a constant rcf~rence to the points of contact as well as of difference with 6g specially remarked upon by Donatus. the Hebrew language. In order to make the students acquainted with the cases of hp~e~ey Dr. Warren also gave in the first half-year, a conrse of lectures use of the national Arabic lexica, Arabic definitions, chiefly from the Qamfis, were given and these served at the same time as exercises in reading at sight on Latin Palinography, accompanied by practical exercises in unpainted sentences. There were also composed by the students written reading fac-similes of manuscripts. In the latter half of the year, exercises, conjugations of the more difficult irregular verbs and translations a similar course was given on Latin Epigraphy. of syntactically interesting sentences from English into Arabic. Additional courses have been conducted during the year, by: In Ethiopie, after some introductory lectures on the history of Abyssinia and the position of the Geez language in the cycle of the cognate idioms, the Dr. Warren, in outlines ofthe grammar were given, and afterwards the reading and analysis Select Letters of Cicero and Pliny, Aulus Gellius, three times weekly,first of the Nar,-atiunealae dc viris sanctis in Dillmann’s ~‘hrestomathiaAethiopica half-year. were entered upon. The legends of St. Mark, Melchizedek, Abbk Salhmk, Juvenal, Select Satires, three times seeekly, second half-year. and Yard were read, and the beginning of the story of Macarms. In the Horace, Select Satires, once weekly, seeond half-year. grammatical interpretation the gutturals were especially treated of with Reading at Sight. occasional references to Amhiaric and Tigrina and the close connection Professor 0. D. Morris, in of the Geez language with Assyro-Babylonian was pointed out. In Assyria’s as xvell as in Ethiopia the lade of a convenient text book Lucretius and Plautus, seven hours in two weeks, first half-year. Tacitus, four times weekly, second half-year. necessih~tee1 the dictatin~ of the grammar. Thereupon the cuneiform Reading at Sight. Annals of Sardanapddus in Vol. V of Sir Henry Rawlinson’s Western Asia iascriptwas were readl: the account of the first five campaigns, the two Dr. Spieker, in against Egypt, the third against Baal of Tyre, the fourths against Achsheri Livy, four times weekly, first hetlf-yeur. (cf. Ahiisbahiar 1 Chron. 7, 10) of Van, the fifth against Elam, and the Horace, three times weekly, seeond half-year. beginning of the sixths against Shaniash-shum-ukin. Some written exercises (Classes in Latin Prose Composition were also conducted by each of the with cunciforin paradigms of the Assyrian verbal infiexion, &c., were also instructors in connection with the courses above named). composed. In Scmero-Akkadian the great three-columned Syllabary in Haupt’s Keil- Dr. Emerson, in schrlfttexte (Lcipzig, 1381) was explained. The principal phenomena of the Classical Antiquities, twice weekly, second half-year. phonology of the prc-Shemitic idiom were discussed, the origin of some Students have privately read for examination the following Akkadian idcographss from the archaic Mesopotamian picture writing traced books. and Akkadian words which have passed into Shemiticidioms especially into Cicero, dc Seuectute (7) dc Amicitia (7) pro Boscia Amerino (6) de the language of the Old Testament were pointed out. In the Assyriologieal Exercises for more advanced euneiformists the sixth Finibas, I, (4) ad Attiezem (1) de Nature Deorsan, i, (4) Philippica, u, (1). tablct of tha Babylonian Ni,nrod Epic in Haupt’s newedition (Leipzig, 1884) Horace, Epodes, Ourmee Swenlare, (6). was raad, and before this, select bilingual exorcisins, incantations, prayers, Livy, xxii, xxiii, (1). hymns and penitential psalms in rts II and III of Ilaupt’s Akkadian and Sumeriaa Texts (Leipzig, 1881) and in Vol. IV of Sir Henry Rawhinson’s Lucretius, v, (1). Martial, (1). Canelform laseriptiows, with special reference to Akkadian syntax and to the dialactical variations in the ancient Protochaldean idioms. Ovid, Fasti, v, H, (6). Seneca, de Tranqnillitate Animi, Apocolocyntosis, (1). All the courses were two hours weekly, except Arabia and Ethiopie for Suetonius, Tiberius, (2). each of which only a single hour weekly could be spared. The proceedings of the Shemitic Society are given by the Recording Secre- Tacitus, Dialagas, Annals iii, (2). tary, Dr; Arthur L. Frothiugham Jr., in the April number of these tJir- Terence, Andria, (4). CILLWP5. Vergil, Aeaeid, v, vi, (1). JUNE, 1884.] UNIVERSITY CIROULA ]?S.

IV. Sanskrit, etc. discussions. Three of the papers prepared during the year for these meetings, were subsequently read before the University Philological Five courses in Sanskrit and a course in Comparative Philology Association. were conducted by Dr. Bloomfield: Additional classes, inoluding the first and second year’s courses 1. A beginner’s class in Sanskrit, throughout the year. The most essential for undergraduates, were conducted as follows: elements of the grammar were acquired in as short a time as possible, and Anglo-Saxon: Sweet’s Reader; Cynewulf’s Elene. Tscicc weekly. Dx. then the student was brought face to face with the language, learning its WOOD. structure and laws, not in the abstract, but in its living body. Five books Early English (1300-1400). Twice weekly. Dx. WOOD. of the NolcL were read and thoroughly analyzed. The aim was either to Chaucer. Weekly. Dx. WOOD. prepare for the more advanced study of Indian philology in this university, Shakspeare: Hamlet. Twice sceckly, first half-year. Dx. BROWNE. or for private study, which is too difficult without such an introduction. English Prose Writers. Twice weekly, second half-year. Dx. BxoivxE. 2. The advanced class in Sanskrit read during the greater part of the Elenients of English Phonetics. TVeekly, first half-year. Dx. WOOD. year the drama ~okuntala. The main effort was directed towards the Grammatical and Rhetorical Exercises. Weekly. Dx. WOOD. Prbkrit, which was constantly analyzed and compared with the Sanskrit. History of the English Language. TVeekly, second half-year. MR. Toward the end of the year the class read selections from the Brkmana TOLMAN. literature. Dr. Browne also conducted twice weekly a general intro- 3. introduction into the Rig-Veda, throughout the year. After a short ductory course (P. 11. E.) in the History of English Literature, course of lectures, select hymns ofthis Veda. were read. The language was studied froni the point of view of the classical language; constant reference with readings. Essays have been written monthly, by each mem- was made to the critical helps such as the peclopc7thct, anukroascosl and the ber of this class, and have been corrected and commented upon metres. by the instructor. 4. During the first half of the session the Kau~tika-sutra was read from Professor Corson gave twenty public lectures on the Poetry the manuscripts and with the aid of a MS. commentary. and Drama of the Restoration Period. 5. A practical exercise in Sanskrit Prose writing was conducted from Four class lectures on English Literature at the end of the Christmas to the end of the year, on the basis of Ihfihler’s Elementarcursus des Seaskrit. 15th and beginning of the 1 6th ceotury, were given by Dr. Wood, 6. A course in the general principles of Comparative Philology was car- who also gave eight public lectures on the literature of the period ried on throughout the year. It was introduced by ten lectures on the lead- 1500—1580. ing questions of Indo-European comparative grammar, (phonetic law and Mr. Woodworth met students daily for training in Vocal analogy, bi-syllabic roots, agglutination, etc.). For the rest of the year Culture. Prof. Whitney’s “Language and the Study of Language~~ was made the basis of instruction, but this was constantly supplementedby lectures, which VII. Romance Languages. aimed to carry the subjects treated in the book up to the present day. Two advanced courses were conducted by Mr. Elliott during the year. For the first of these the work centred in the Anglo- V. German. Norman Dialect, for the second in a study of the earliest Old Advanced courses were condndted as follows: French Monuments. The following special subjects were treated: Gothic. Weekly, first he~f-year. DR. DIPPOLD. Anglo-Norman :—Chardry’s Jesapham (xiii century) was taken up and Middle High German. Twice weekly. Dx. DIPPOLD. studied in its phonetic relations to earlier works in this dialect, and Deutsche Stililbungen and Essays. ]lfoathly. Mx. IiADDATZ. to time Franco-Norman amid the Isle-dc-France types. Weekly, first History of German Literature, consisting of lectures in German. On half-year. alternate Saturdays. Dii. Dippoxn. Old French Seminary: — The Oaths of Strasburg were examined, Lectures on The Peast Epic and Middle Low German were also given, according to facsimiles of the original MS., in tlmeir historical and weekly, during the first half-year, by Dx. GERBER. linguistic relations to the Capitularia Regum and their bearin~ The undergraduate classes were conducted by Dr. Dippold, especially on the earliest development of time Romance system of phonetics. IVeekly, second half-year. with Mr. iRaddata in charge of the classes in Prose Composition. Low Latin: — Aim Introduction, through the Imiscriptions and Joca In the first year’s course Goethe’s Egasout, Schiller’s Maria Stuart, and Monachorum given in P. Meyer’s Recacil d’Aneiens textes Bas-Letins, Selections from Erler’s Deutsche Gesehiebte, and from Scientific etc. Second half-yeam~. Prose were read. The first section read further Lessiag’s Minna Provenyal :—The Boethmius Hymn, the Girard do Rossiiho Epic, with von Barnhelm; and the second, Schiller’s Wallenstein. divers extracts, taken according to age, from the literature of the In the second year’s course Goethe’s Hermaun and Dorothea, Faust, tenth, eleventh, amid twelfth cemiturics. IVeekly, dluruiy the year. selections from Wilhelm Meister, anci Lessing’s Nathan were reach; Old French as Introduction to French Philology —A ucassia et Nicolite with the addition of sight readings from Eaiilia Galotti. with special reference to its phionology and dialect character. TVeekly, There were weekly exercises in Prose Composition in both the first and first half-year. second year’s courses. Portuguese —Os Lusiados de Cam5es was read, attention being given Dr. Lehmann conducted twice weekly a class in German Conversation, to Oldl Portuguese, Old Spamiishi ammd Latin forms. IVeekly,first half-year. for undergraduates and advanced students, and the major course stu- Wallachmian —An Introduction was given in Cionca’s Practisehe Gram- dents met each month, during the second half-year, under time direc- muatik der rumiimmischen sprache together with extracts from Sionu, tion of Dr. Dippold, for the reading and discussion of essays on works Alesandresen and Alexandri. Second half-year. read in the course. Ladinian :—The Musso and Valtelhine War Epics (xvi and xvii centu- ries) were read together with selections from time modern literature VI. Anglo-Saxon and English. of Palhioppi, Caderas, Caratsch, and from the Folk Lore. Weekly, throuyh the yeas’. Advanced courses were conducted by Dr. Wood in: Lectures :—(a) On Spanish and Portuguese Dialects, weekly, through the Anglo-Saxon: Bdowulf; Cndmon’s Genesis. Twice weekly. yeam’; (5) On Comparative Romance Grammar, mecekiy, through the Old Saxon: liShiand. lVeekly, first half-year. year; (e) On French Phomietics, thirty lectures; (d) Oii Dante’s The advanced students also met fortnightly, under the direction of Divina Commimedia, seven lectures; (e) On the Ilistory of the Past Dr. Wood, for work in general English philology, reports and Participle iii Fremichi, two lectures. JOHNS HOPKINS [No. 31.

The students of the French Major Course have read with Mr. The class in Spanish have read the following :—Lope de Vega: El Todd: Desdichado par le Ilonra; Calcleron: El Alcaide cle Za/ainee; and the whale of Knaup’s Spanish Readings, twice -weekly. Short exer- In Classical (xvii century) French, Le C’id (Corneille); Aihalie (Ra- cises in grammar leave been given weekly, in connection with the cine), L’Arare (Moli~re) — In Middle (xvi century) French, the above. most important selections (considerably more tha.n half) of Darmes- teter and Hatzfeld’s Jforceaax Choisis des Awtears die XVI Siicie, with Two public courses on French Literature including twenty-

a prfcis of Middle French Grammar, twice seeehly, first half-year ;— three lectures and readings (in French) were given by M. iRabil- In Old French, the following selections from Bartsch’s C’hrestoinathie ion. He also conducted classes in French conversation. de l’ancienfranyais: Serineats de Strasboary, C’cmtiliee de Ste. Eidcdie, La Passion, St. Liger, St. Alexis, C’hanson de Roland, Amis et Amiles, The JOHNs HOPKINs PHILOLOGICAL AssociATIoN has met Roman de la Roa, Gontes del Creel, Roman cle Renart, Roman de la monthly as heretofore. Papers have been read during thesession Rose, Gonqaeste de Goastantinople, Chroniqacs cle Froi.s.sart, ilfioeoires cle Philippe de Goinines, Perceforest, twice weekly, second half-year ;—Com- by: position; exercises in style with the use of Gasc’s Prose Cbmposition. M. BLoO2IFIELm—On certain irregular Vedic subjunctives or impera- In the second half-year these were supplemented by original essay tives; on a proposed edition of the Khayika-siitra of the Arthava Veda; the writing. probability of the existence of phonetic law. M. W. EAsTox—Uniformity and analogy. The students of the French Minor Course have read with IXIr. A. B. Eacie—On inchoative or se-verbs in Gothic and other Germanic Todd: dialects. In Literary French, Le Roi samase, by Victor Hugo; Les Deinoiseiles A. i\’I. ELLIOTT—The Nahuatl-Spanish dialect of Nicaragua; the develop- de St. Qqr and Ilallfax, by Alexandre Dnmas, pire; Le Cenclre de ill. ment of verbal parasynthetics in a in the Romance Languages. Poirier, by Emile Augier and Jules Sandean; and a part of La C/tan- A. EMERsoN—A communication from Prof. B. Wblfflin on the formation son die Jardinier, by Andr6 Theuriet, tseice weekly ;—In Historical ofa new Thesaurus Linguec Latinie. French, one hundred pages of Voltaire’s Ilistoire da Sue/c de Lonis B. L. GILDEESLEEVE—On Ribbeck’s life of Ritschl; the Greek final XIF weekly;—Tn Scientific French, eighty pages of Milne-Edwards’ sentence. Pricis dliiistoire Natarelle, weekly. In connection with the two latter J. R. 1-Luixis—On the exemplar of codex C and the apocalypse; notes courses the class has studied nearly all of Breymaun’s French Gram- on the Sinaitic and Vatican codices. J. A. HARRIsoN—The syntax of the old past participle and evoir in mar; — In Syntax and Idioms the class has had recitations and written exercises on the whole of Part I and twenty-five thimes of French poetry of the xieth century. Part II of Chardenal’s Exercisesfor Advanced Papils, weekly. P. Hnupv.—The Babylonian woman’s language. Mr. Fontaine has met the students of the Minor Course five times weekly C. ‘IV. E. MILLER—Rhythmical pronunciation of Greek and Latin prose and a few remarks on accent. for French conversation, with systematic instruction and drill in the pro- nunciation. C. D. Moxeus—The rights of a Greek metropolis over its colonies; on K. Brugmaun s recent grammatical studies. Mr. Todd has conducted special courses in Spanish and Italian: B. G. SIIILER.—Studies in Dinarchus. The class in Italian have read the following authors :—Silvio Pellico: B. II. SPIEKER—Note on a certain use of the Sanskrit word yethk. Francesca da Ritnini and sixty chapters of Le hue Prigioni; Gal- A. S. TOLuAN—Musical notation in the study of blank verse. doni: Use Ca2’ioso A ceidente, Cl’ Innamorati and La Sposa Sagace; and M. WAiexax.—Note on Plautus Mercator. a short Storiadella Letteratera Italicaca. They have further read short II. Woon—On T. L. Beddocs, a survival of style. selections from Tommasco, Mamiani, Mauzoni, Botta, Leopardi, Al- C. B. Wieineiv.—Parallelisms in Beowulf. hen, Tassoni, Tasso, Ariosto, Petrarch, Bocca.ccio, and others, tseice weekly. Short exercises in grammar have been given weekly, in The fourth volume of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY connection with the above readings. A special class in Dante have has been completed during the year and the first number of the read Cahtos ~, xIi—xx~i of the Inferno, eeeekly. fifth volume has been issued.

HiSTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.

PROGRAMME FOR 1884-85. students. The first line is in continuation of the work followed by Dr. Adams and the Seminary for several years and pertains to American institutions of Government, with special reference to I. Graduate and Advanced Courses. certain local, municipal, state, and national types. Thine second line of original inquiry, under thee direction of Dr. Ely, will be the 1. Seminary of American History and Economics. History of Political Economy in the United States, with reference not only to the probress of the science but to the history of taxa- The Seminary, to which graduate students only nrc admitted, tion audi ofeconomic adneinistration in certain r4resentative cities will be under the direction of Dr. H. B. Adams, assisted by Dr. and States. The third line of investigation will be a study of II. T. Ely and Dr. J. F. Jameson. The regular weekly meetings representative State Constitutions, under the guidance of Dr. of the Seminary are held on Friday evenings, each session occu- Jamneson, with special attention to thee constitutional history of one or two of thee States. pying two hours. At these meetings oral and written reports are The Seminary library of Ilistorical and Political Science is now well made of original investigations that have been carried on by in- supplied withe materials for thee prosecution of these researches. structors and students working in definite lines. The collection of local, municipal, state, and national documcnts During the next year there will be three main lines of inquiry, is rapidly increasing; and the necessary autheorities, historical and represented by the three instructors in the department of Histori- economic, sets of journals, etc., are now at the student’s command. cal and Political Science and prosecuted with the co-operation of In addition to thee Bluntscleli Library, presented to thee Uni JUNE, 1884.] UNJVEBSITY CIBCULA PS. 115

versity by the German citizens of Baltimore and representing the history, politics, and laws of European States, the institutional entering the University and consists in the reading of ancient and economic history of the United States is represented by a historians,—Herodotus, Thucydides, Livy, and Tacitus,—partly in original texts and partly in translations, with special reference good collection of books. to accuracy in interpretation and to historical style. Fire times Other libraries, easy of access, are the Library of Congress, the Peabody Library (numberin~ eighty thousand volumes, well weekly, thrascgh the year. adapted to certain departments of research), the Library of the SECOND YEAR: Maryland Historical Society (especially rich in Americana), the Mediaeval Church and State. Library of the Baltimore Bar (law reports), and the Maryland TiPs will be a course with Dr. H. B. Adams in the study of the Episcopal Library (especially valuable for its original sources of relations of the Church to the Roman, Frankish, and German church history). Empires. The course will comprise lectures upon ecclesiastical 2. history of Polities. institutions, reports upon assigned themes, and examinations This course, conducted by Dr. H. B. Adams, will be open to grad- upon Bryce’s “Holy Roman Empire,” Lea’s “Studies in Church uate and law students only. It will consist of lectures on the History,” portions of Milusan’s “Latin Christianity,” and other History of contemporary European Politics, beginning with the authorities. Tteicc weekly, first half-yeas’. present century, comparative studies in the History of European The Italian Renaissance and the German Reformation. Institutions from an earlier date, and practical examinations upon This is a continuation of thse preceding course and is devoted to select topics of general Political History. Three times wee/dy, the study of tbe revival of learning, the history of the Italian thrastgh the yecu’. Republics and t.heir influence upon Europe, the relation of the The follosviu~ beaks are recommended to students propasina to follow this German Reformation to Italian Humanism, the progress and coarse: Plato’s Itepublic, Aristotle’s Politics, Cicero’s Republic, Dante’s De results of the Reformation. Essays are to be written by the Monarcisia, Machiavelli’s Writings, Grotisis’ Works, Montesquien’s Works, Blont.sehui’s (esehich,te der neuerem &aetswisseaschaft and his Lehre case students in connection with this course and frequent oral exami- sosternen S/eat, witis the Works ofFrancis Lieber. Authorities upon topics nations are hseld. Tteice zeeckly, second half-year. tar oral examination and special research will he named in connection wills I-history of France and England. the lectures. Thsis is a course with Dr. J. F. Jameson in the parallel study of the 3. Finance and Taxation. medi~ val and modern hsistory of thiese two countries. Such text- A course, adapted to students oflaw, and conducted by Dr. R. T. Ely. books as “The Student’s France” and Green’s “Short History of The general principles of Finance, Money, and Banking, and also England” are used by the class, and other reading is required in the special subjects of Taxation in the cities and States of the connection with assigned topics. Three tissees weekly, throscgh the American Union, together with a sketch of the Financial History year. ofthe United States, will be considered. Three timesweekly, thraesgh tlse year. NOTE—For the completion of the two years’ course in History, individual examinations are required upon an extended course of private reading, 4. Comparative Studies in European Administration. especially recommended to each individual; also the preparation of at least A course of lectures by Dr. Ely on Methods of Administration in five historical essays, satisfactory in point of substance to the instructor in England, France, and Germany. Special subjects for considera- History, and, in point of style, to the instructor in English. tion will be the or~anization of governments, their economic functions, sanitary legislation, poor laws, appointment and tenure 3. Two Years’ Course in Political Science. of officers in the civil service. Once weekly, through the yeas’. FIRST YEAR: 5. Lectures on the Early Christian Church. Elements of Political Economy. A preliminary course of instruction with Dr. R. T. Ely comprising This course will consist of six lectures by Associate Professor J. Rendel Harris, upon the character, organization, charities, and lectures, essays, and frequent examinations upon assigned topics. The basis of class-~x’ork wihi be Laveleye’s “Elements of Political other institutions of the primitive church. Economy” and Cossa’s “Guide to the Study of Political Economy,” with select portions of the writings of John Stuart II. Undergraduate Courses. Mill and other economists. Fire t’iases wcekly, first half-year. 1. Physical Geography and Ilistory.* History of Political Economy. After an entrance examination in Physical Geography and in the A more advanced course of lectures by Dr. Ely upon the history of History of En 5land and of the United States, the student enters various economic systems, including a consideration of some of upon the following courses, which, in connection with the study thie contensporary social problenss in England and America. Fire tissses ‘seeehly, secosed half-year. of English, are regarded as fundamental to furtiser undergraduate study. SECOND YEAR: (a) Fifteen class exercises introductory to the study of History, Time English and American Constitutions. with Dr. H. B. Adams. Once sreehly, first half-year. A course with Dr. Jamneson in the study of the development and (b) Fifteen class exercises upon the relation ofPisysical Geogra- present foruss of constitutional government in England and the phy to History, with Dr. J. F. Janseson. Once eecehly, eceased United States. Three tunes sceckly, throsegh the yeas’. half-year. Tue Modern State System. (c) Ilistory of Greece and Rome (Republic and Empire), with A course of instruction withi Dr. H. B. Adanos upon Internationa.h Dr. J. F. Jameson. Twice sreehly, through the year Rebstions, Modern Treaties (includimig those of the United — or— States) and Modern Politics, preparatory to the study of Inter- Outlines of European History. Freeman’s General Sketch national Law as emimbodied in Bluntschshi’s German Code. Tseice of European Ilistory will be used as a text-book, with const:snt weekly, throstgh time year. reference to other authorities. Twice seeehly, through the year. NOTE—The first year in Political Science is to follow the first year’s course 2. Two Years’ Course in History. in History mind is tahten in connection with tile historical courses on Church FIRST YEAR: and State; Renaissance and Reformation; France and England. In no case Sources of Greek and Roman History. can two years’ wont either in history or Political Science be taken together The first year’s course in History is to be taken with Professor C. in one year; but, in cases whiere only one year can be devoted to these sub- D. Morris, Dr. W:srren, and Dr. Spieker immedi:steiy upon jects, a hsalf-ycar in Ihistory may be comubined with a hmm.lf-year in Political Science. A year in History may also be combined with a year in Political Science. For the completion of tile full undergraduate course in Political ‘~ Part of what is called the P. II. E. commrse, reqimired of all nndcrgradimates, and com- prising Physical Geography, History, and Englisim. Science a prescribed amount of private reading must be offered. 116 JOHNS HOPKINS [No. 31.

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1883-84. The First Series is devoted, to “American Institutional History,” more especially to forms of Local Goveranient. A Second Series, devoted to Local Institutions and American Economics I. Seminary Work. is now in progress. Among the uionographs in this volume are Professor 1-losmer’s, on “Town Meetings”; Professor Macy’s, A. American Institutions and Economics. on “The Institutional Beginnin The Seminary of Historical and Political Science has met regu. 6s of a Western State (Iowa)” Dr. L. W. Wilhelm’s “Old and New Towns in Maryland”; Dr. larly once a week for a session of two hours under the direction 114. T. Ely’s “Past and Present of Political Economy”; Dr. of I)r. El. B. Adams. During the past year, attention has been Henry Carter Adams’s“Taxationin the United States, 1789-1816” directed especially to the study of American Institutions and (Doctor’s thesis, J. H. U.) Many of the contributions to the American Economics, with reference to specific topics suggested Seminary and Association are published through other channels by the instructors in those departments of study. than the University Studies, e. g., in the Proceedings of Histori- cal Societies, in the Magazine of American History, etc. Among the original pagers presented and discussed by members of the Seminary are the following: The Seminary Method, by H. B. Adams; Christian Socialism, by 114. T. Ely; ~tienne Cabet IV. Advanced and Collegiate Classes. and his Icarian Community, by Albert Shaw (Doctor’s thesis, 1884); Virginia Institutions (three papers), by Edward Ingle; Da. H. B. ADAMS. Judicial Procedure amon~ Boys, by John Johnson; State and 1. Historical Development of International Law. Local Taxation in Kentucky, by Arthur Yager (Doctor’s thesis, 1884); Congressional Government, by Woodrow Wilson. An advanced course, three hours7weekly,fihlcerrechtfirstinhalf-year,the Germanintroductext.- tory to Thethe studyinstructorof lecturedBluntschli’supon Tthe beginnings of international life as B. American Colonial History, by Dr. H. B. Adams. illustrated in ancient and mediuval history. He considered such An extra session of the Seminary, one hour a week through the topics as the inter-tribal and inter-municipal relations of the year, has been devoted to the study of the sources of American Orient; the inter-municipal institutions of the Greeks; the in- Colonial History and to the prosecution of certain lines of research ternational influence of home and of the Christian Church; the suggested by the instructor. Italian beginnings of modern international law; and the rise of the statesystem. In connection with this historical survey of the Attention was first called to the history of American discoveries growth of internationalism, various special papers were presented and to early American cartography. The first settlements of by members of the class, upon such subjects as Carthaginian Virginia, of NewEngland, and ofother colonies were then investi- treaties, the Unman municipal system, the municipal leagues of gated. Papers were prepared by students upon such subjects as the middle ages, etc. In connection with the readino’ and expo- t.he following: the Spaniards in Florida, the Swedes on the Dela- sition of Bluntschli’s code, a great variety of practical cluestions ware, the Economic Beginnings of Pennsylvania, the Institu- pertaining to international politics were discussed by individuals, tional History of Pennsylvania, the Beginnings of Connecticut, e. g., France in the Tonquin, the opening of China, the progress the Institutions of Virginia., Maryland, California and the South- of Japan, the control of the Congo, international congresses and west, Oregon and the Northwest, etc. Sonic of this Seminary tribunals, the Panama Canal, the Monroe doctrine, etc. work will be elaborated into studies suitable for publication. Paz ticular attention was called by the instructor to the develop- 2. The Old GermaAz Empire and the Rise of Prussia. ment of federal unity among the colonies. The phases of union This was an advanced course, three hours a week, second half- before the Continental Congress were considered in detail, and year, after the conclusion of the course on International Law. some new lines ofinquiry were pointed out. Lectures were given upon mediceval Gerniany, the origin and development of Prussia, its territorial and dynastic history, its II. Historical and Political Science Association. relation to the break-np of medi val unity and to the re-consti- In connection with the Seminary, which consists of graduate tution of Germany. The course was designed to be introductory to the study of European Constitutions and Continental Politics, students devoting their chief attention to History and Economics which subjects will be pursued during the next academic year. in this University, is an Association including a few honorary and In connection with the lectures, oral examinations were instituted non-resident members, not directly connected with this institution. upon general topics of European history, which practical exer- Among those who have addressed the Association during the past cises will be continued during the coming year. year are: Dr. II. Von Holst, on Slavery as an Institution; James 3. The Beginnings of Church and State. Bryce, M. P., on De Tocqueville’s Democracy in America; Dr. An undergraduate course, twice a week, first half-year. The course Charles Gross, on the Guild Merchant, — an Introduction to consisted of lectures by the instructor and oral reports by members American Municipal History; Major J. W. Powell, Chief of the of the class, in which exercises ten graduate students participated. Ethnological Bureau, on Indian Institutions; Dr. E. Channing The instructor considered the origin and spread of Christianity, (Harvard), on Town and County Government; Dr. J. Royce its relations to the Unman empire and the Germanic peoples; (Harvard), on the Development of Society and Government in the origin and growth of ecclesiastical institutions, — bishops, California. presbyters, synods, councils, etc.; the history of the papacy in Among the original papers forwarded to the Association by non- the middle ages; and the Holy homan Empire. The students resident members are: Indian Money in New England Civiliza- prepared essays and reports upon topics connected with the course tion, by W. B. Weeden, and Town Government in Uhode Island. and were examined upon the lectures, together with certain pre- by W. E. Foster. scribed authors,—Bryce, portions ofGibbon, Milman, and Ploetz’s III. Publications. Epitome. 4. The Italian Renaissance. Some of the principal papers presented to the Seminary or to A continuation of the above nndergradu~te course, two hours a week, the Historical and Political Science Association are published in sccon(l half-year. The course consisted chiefly of lectures upon the Johns hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political the history of the Italian republics, the revival of learning and Science, a monthly monographic journal, edited by Dr. H. B. of art, and the relations of Italian to European history. Reading Adams. The first volume, devoted to Local Institutions and com- was required in such authors as Burckhardt, Symoads, Grinim, and lIallani; reports were prepared upon assigned topics. prising 4~O pages, was completed in October, 1883. 1884.] JUNE, UNIVERSITY CIRCULARS. 117

5. Introductory Historical Course. munistic Experiments in the United States; The Independent Twelve lectures to undergraduates entering upon the course in Treasury System of the United States; the Theory of Value. Physical Geography, History, and English. Da. R. T. ELY. DR. J. F. JAMESON. 6. Advanced Course in Political Economy. 8. History of England and France. This course, three hours weekly, throu 0hout the year, consisted This course, three hours weekly throughout the year, formed, with Dr. Adams’s undergraduate work, the minor course in History. of class-lectures, student-I ectures, and occasional special lectures. Green’s England and Masson’s Guizot’s France were used as The subjects to which particular attention was devoted were as text-books. The recitations were accompanied by informal lec- follows: The Historical Development of Economic Theory; the tures. Reports upon topics, specially assigned, and studied l4nder Fundamental Pi-inciples of Political Economy, including defini- the direction of the instructor, were made. Additional reading tions; Production; Value and Price; Distribut.ion and Con- in the standard authors was required. Formal lectures brought sumption; the means of Transportation and Communication; the course down to the present time. Free Trade and Protection; Social Movements in America. Each student read a paper on some phase of economic history 9. History of Greece and Rome. and a number of essays were prepared on the History ofPolitical Twice weekly throughout the year. Text-books were used, informal Economy in the United States. A paper was also read on Taxa- and occasionally formal lectures were given, and selected topics tion in Baltimore, and a careful study of Taxation in Pennsyl- were reported upon. vania has been begun. An essay on “Icaria., a chapter in the 10. English Constitutional History. History of American Communism,” was prepared and part of it read before the class. This essay by Dr. Albert Shaw is now in Once a week. Stubbs’ “Select Charters and other Documents illus- trative of English Constitutional History” was used; the period press and will be published in book-form by Messrs. G. P. Put- studied was that from 1066 to 1216, special attention being paid nam’s Sons. to the development of the principles established by Magna Charta. 7. Minor Course in Political Economy. The first part of this course consisted of lectures on the Elements of 11. Physical Geography. Political ‘Economy and a careful study of John Stuart Mill’s Lectures on the relations of Physical Geography to History (with Principles of Political Economy, with frequent reference to special reference to Greece and Italy) were given once a week, Walker’s “Political Economy,” and other works. The second beginning in January. part consisted of lectures on Historical Systems of Political Courses of public lectures were also given in hopkins Hall :—on Economy. At least two papers were pi-epared and read by each member of the class. A few of the subjects treated were as fol- the Relation of History and Politics, by Professor H. VON I-IoLST, lows: The Wage-Fund Theory; Trades Unions and Strikes; The of the University of Freiburg, and on the Study of Roman Legal Internal Revenue of the United States; the Inconse Tax; Coin- History, by Professor JAMES BRYCE, of the University of Oxford.

PHILOSOPHICAL COURSES.

- PROGRAMME FOR 1884-85. of opinion and thought. In short, the endeavor will be to give as briefly as possible a general survey of the vast field of modern scientific psychology, with such details, demonstrations and illustrations as the time will permit. A. For Advanced and Special Students. This course is intended PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGICS. For those who desire to carry on the study of biology by experimental methods into the study of the psychic functions of animals and man: PROFESSOR G. STANLEY HALL will direct the studies of all For those intending to give attention to the study of psychiatric medi- advanced students who wish to take up the study of Psychology cine: For those interested in medical jurisprudence or in linguistic psycho- or Pedagogy upon the following plan. physics: 1. He will lecture twice a week in the Biological Laboratory on For special students of philosophy. Psycho-Physiology. Though in the main, a continuation of the 2. He will encourage and direct Psycho-Physic research with course begun in February, 1884, these lectures will be open to carefully selected original themes approved by him, with a view other graduate students who have heard Professor Martin’s course apart fi-om results, to the educational significance of these methods in animal physiology or done work elsewhere which can be accepted as a field of applied logic. as its equivalent. 3. lIe will lecture once weekly on the History of Modern Philo- Beginning with compound reflex-action and instinct in animals, such sophical and Educational Ideas, beginning with the scholastic topics as memory, association of ideas, attention, volition and feeling in their morbid and normal forms will be discussed as far as possible on a period.. physiological basis. The contributions of psycho- and neuro-pathology The views of representative modern philosophers will be sketched; and, to the understanding of the normal function and histology of the as the basis of educational ideas necessitates a broader survey, selected cerebro-spinal nervous system will receive special attention. In con- chapters from the history of science, medicine, and belief will be added. nexion with this part of the course demonstrative and observational In tracing the application of these to education in the broader and exercises in human neurology will be offered to those who desire them. higher sense, such topics will be discussed as e. g., the organization and The psychology and pathology of speech and writing will be illustrated. operation of learned societies and scientific and other academies; the The psychological parts of anthropology, the evolution of the psychic constitution and methods and history of European universities from the faculties in children and in the race, etc., will be summarized and will Renaissance; the educational value of philosophical systems; profes- introduce the psychology of national and other comprehensive systems sional schools of law, medicine, theology, technological and industrial 118 JOhNS hOPKINS [No. 31.

schools; the French, English, German, and American school and college B. Course Required of all Matriculated Students. system in their method and idea; the development and nature of student life; history and theory of examinations and degrees and acadcmic festi- This course will comprise five hours per week throughout the vals and traditions; special methods and problems of pedagogics at the year, and includes Logic, Ethics, and Psychology (hence known as present time. tile L. E. P. Course). A special instructor will be appointed to These lectures are especially designed to serve: assist under Dr. Hall’s direction in this work, which will coiisist of Those graduate students desiring to become teachers or professors: Students of history, and more particularly of philosophical and educa- lectures, recitations, themes, epitomes, etc. These subjects will be tional opinion and method or those intending to plead or preach: taken up in the following order. Those intending to teach philosophy. 1. Inductive and Deductive Logic. 4. He will hold a weekly conference during a part of the year Text-books: Fowler, with references to Jevons, Mill, Venn, Sigwart, and at which others whose names are to be announced later will Wundt. assist. 2. General Psychology. Text-books: Sully’s Psychology in selections, with references to Porter, 5. In connection with thework ofthe above courses, rooms, aepa- iRyland, Carpenter. ratus, and books are to be provided, and bibliographies of a special 3. Positive and Practical Ethics. and descriptive kind will be printed as guides to reading and This part of the course will be taught in part by lectures and will com- reference. prise such topics as snental and physical regimen and hygiene, methods and general ends of study, thee needs and sanctions of positive personal HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS. convictions and purposes in thee conduct of the understanding and of PaorEssoa G. S. MoRals will give the following courses: life, mental self-knowledge as opposed to self-consciousness, and the utilization of individual experiemice in self-educmttion, social ethics, need 1. Lectures on the History of Philosophy in Greece. of religious sentiments for time maturity and sanity of conscience, etc. Twice weekly,first half-year. Books of referemice: Manrice’s Social Morality, Grote’s Deatise on the Moral Ideals, Topics involved Wistike’s Ilistomy of Christian Ethics, Wayland’s Moral Philosophy, Calderwood’s Moral The beginnings of science. Anticipations of the modcrn doctrine of Sciesmee. development. Establishment of elementary conceptions of physical 4. In addition to the above required courses, a series of lectures science. First application of mathematical conceptions to the compre- will be given by Dr. Hall, during the latter part of the year hension of the universe. Beginnings of abstract speculation. First intended at once to conclude matriculate and introduce advanced successful development of concrete or substantial idealism, including science of method (logic), and philosophy of nature, man, the State, study of philosophy. art, and education. Systems of practical philosophy. 2. Ethics, or the Science of Man. Two lectures weekly, first half-year. WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1883-84. A consideration of the foundations and content of ethical science, together with an historical survey. Topics involved The different forms of science. Relation of ethics to anthropology, Philosophy. physiology, and psychology. The distinction and the concrete unity of body, soul, and spirit. Ethics proper, the science of man as practical PROFESSOR G. STANLEY hALL lectured twice a week through intelligence. Man prefigured in nature. Self-consciousness. Its rela- the second half-year on Psycho-physics. tion to animal instinct. Its realization in the mora.l organisms of The course was mainly devoted to the physiology of the senses, family, State, and religion. Conscience. Will. The good of man: cerebro-spinal localization and attention, as introductory to a Happiness or pleasure? Character. The system of virtues and duties. course on psychology, beginning with instinct, during the coming The types of ethical opinion, as illustrated in the ancient and modern year. Demnonstration work was done and courses of reading history of philosophy. posted. 3. Professor Morris will farther be prepared, accordimig as the Six advanced students engaged in specal investigations in the demands or needs of stadeuts may require, to lecture on the lessons room set apart for psycho-physic research and results were obtained of Modern Philosophy, the philosophy of the State (with special that will be published later. Dr. Hall lectured twice a week on psychological ethics, mainly reference to Aristotle, Hobbes, Hegel, and Spencer), or “ Real historical, beginning with ethiceel conceptiolls and theories of the Logic “ (“ Metaphysics,”—with special reference to Aristotle, Leibnitz, and later German Philosophers). Greeks and colleluding with Kant, and considerable attention was given to inductive methods of studying ethical problems. BooKs OF REFERENcE. He also gave twelve lectures to the matriculate students on COURSE I:—i. Mullach, ]d’agneata Philosephorsmm Graecorunm ;—2. Bitter et Preller, Mental Hygiene. Historia Phitosophice Graece-Ronsanamexfoatium locis contexta;—3. The works of Plato and Aristotle;—4. E. Zeller, Geschiehte dec griechischen Phitosophie, (German and English PROFESSOR G. S. Moaais gave during the first half-year: translation) ;—5. Ueherweg, History of Philosophy, Vs. 1;—6. Noack, Philosophie-geschicht- liches Le ikoms ;—7. Numerous monographs on special topics (to be found in the Library 1. A course of three lectures weekly on the History of Philos- of the University and in thePeabody Library) ophy ill Germany, with special reference to the movement from COURSE 11:—i. I. II. Fiehte, Systens des hik, 1 Band: Geichichie dec Ethik;—2. H. Kant to Hegel. Sidgwick, nistorical Article on “Ethics,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th edition —3. Aris- totle, Nicomachean Ethics ;—4. Martensen, Christian Ethics;—5. Spinoza, Ethica;—6. The beginnings and thee general character of the history of modern Bishop Butler, Sermons;—7. Kant, Ethicat Works ;—5. Ficlmte, lVorks;—9. Siegel, Philos- philosophy were first briefly sketched; the doctrines of Descartes, ophie des Geistes;—lO. J. 5. Mill, Uti!iteriamsissn;—ii. H. Spencer, Data of Ethics;—i2. H. Spinoza, and Leibnitz were described in greater detail; and then, Sidgwick, Aliethodt of Ethics;—13. F. H. Bradley, Ethicat Stmmmties;—14. T. H. Green, Pro- after a summary account of the philosophical situation in Ger- legomena to Ethics. many prior to Kant, the doctrines of Kant were analyzed, with special reference to tIme unity of thee three C’s-iticjsces, and to the cousprehension of thee fundamental problems of philosophy, as JUNE, 1884.1 UNIVERSITY CII?CULA PS. 119

anew presented by Kant, (1) in the light of the results of ancient 4. A course of four public lectures on the Philosophy of Social philosophy, and (2) with reference to the further treatment of Relations, was also given by Professor Morris. these problems by the successors of Kant. This course was designed for advanced students. MR. C. S. PEIRCE gave a course of lectures in Mathematical 2. A Seminary course, for the most advanced students only, was Logic, twice weekly through the year; a course in Philosophical conducted, the subject of study being Spinoza’s Ethics. The work Terminology, weekly during the first half-year; and a course in in this course wasrestricted especially to the first, second, and fifth Probabilities, twice weekly during the second half-year. parts of Spinoza’s mast erpiece. He also guided a company of students in studying the psychol- Theobject of the study was to attain an exact knowledge of the ogy of great men. nature of Spinoza’s fundamental conceptions aUd of his method, Mu. HARRIS gave an elementary course in Logic during the to estimate their value and significance in the light of the larger first half-year and a course in Practical Ethics during the second historic results of philosophic inquiry, and, in some measure, to consider tjieir relation to the fundamental conceptions of modern half-year. science. In accordance with the Seminary method, the different Two public lectures on the Religious Aspect of Philosophy members of the class by turns took the lead in the analytic expo- were given by Dr. Josiah Royce, of Harvard College. sition of the text and criticism of the argument. 3. An outline of the general history of Philosophy, both ancient A course of lectures upon educational topics was given on and modern, was given in a series of two lectures weekly, through- Saturday mornings to acompany of about eighty graduate students out the first half-year. who were preparing themselves for the work of teachers in colleges This was intended for undergraduates and others desiringto take and high schools. Lectures were given by President Oilman, advantage of such a course. Members of theL. E. P. course were Professors Gilderslceve, Remsen, Martin, ilall, Doctors Adams required to listen to and be examined on twelve lectures relating and Wood, and Mr. Peirce. to modern philosophers.

CONFERRING OF DEGREES.

G”CY2~T8 5, 1884-

The Commencement exercises of the Johns Hopkins University subordinate, Physics. He submitted a thesis on the “Changes took place on Thursday, June 5, 1884. The ceremonies were effected by Heat in the constitution of Ethylene.” attended by a large company, consisting of the trustees and in- JOhN DEWEY, of Burlington, Vermont, A. B., University of structors of the University, and the friends of the graduates. Vermont, 1879. his principal study has been Philosophy, the An address to the graduates was made by President Gilman. subsidiary, Political Science. He submitted a thesis on the In this he considered the attitude which the young inca should Psychology of Kant. take in respect to Education, Politics, and Religion. JAMES REYNOLDS DUGGAN, of Macon, Georgia, A. B., Mercer Professor C. D. Morris, on behalf of the Board of Collegiate University, 1877, and M. D., Jefferson Medical College, 1879. His principal sul)ject has been Chemistry, the subordinate, Bi- Advisers, presented the candidates for the degree of Bachelor of ology. He submitted a thesis on “Fermentation.” Auts, and that degree was conferred on the persons named in the WILLIAM HENRY HOWELL, of Baltimore, A. B., Johns Hop- following list. kins University, 1881. His principal subject has been Animal The candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy were Physiology and Histology, the subordinate, Chemistry. He sub- presented by the heads of the respective departments of study on mitted a thesis entitled “ Experiments upon the Blood and Lymph behalf of the Board of Uuiversity Studies, and the degree was con- of the rI~errapir1 and the origin ofthe Fibrin formed in Coagulation. ferred on the persons named in the following list. HANS CARL GUNTHER VON JAGEMANN, of Naumburg, Germany, After the close of the exercises in I-Iopkins hall, there was a a graduate of the Naumburg Gymnasium. His principal subject social assembly of the graduates and their friends in the new has been the Romance Languages, the subordinate, English and Gymnasium. German. He submitted a thesis on the “Anglo-Norman Vowel System in its relations to the Norman words in English.” Doctors of Philosophy. EDWAnD HARRISON KEISER, of Allentown, Pa., B. S., Swarth- more College, 1~SO. His principal study has been Chemistry, HERBERT WILLIAM CONN, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, A. B., the subordinate, Physics. Ihis thesis was on “The Existence of Boston University, 1881. His principal subject has been Animal Active Oxygen.” Morphology, the subsidiary, Animal Physiology and histology. ARTHUR LALANNE KIMBALL, of Plainfield, N. J., A B., Prince- his thesis on the “Life-History of Thalassema Millita “ Was ton College, 1881. His principal subject has been Physics, the received one of the Walker prizes of the Boston Society of Natu- subsidiary, Mathematics. lie submitted a thesis on the “ Value ral History. of the 13. A. Unit of Electrical Resistance in Absolute Measure.” ELLERY WILLIAM DAVIS, of Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, S. B., HENRY LESLIE OsBoaN, of Madison, N. J., A. B., XVesleyan University of Wisconsin, I 879. His principal subject has been Univem-sity, 1878. His principal subject has been Animal Mor- Mathematics, the subordinate, Physics. He submitted a thesis on phology, the subsidiary, Animal Physiology and Histology. His the “1~arametric Representation of Curves.” thesis on “The Gill in some forms of Prosobranchiate Mollusca” DAVID TALBOTT DAY, of Baltimore, A. B., Johns Hopkins has already been printed in the Studies froum the Biological University, 1881. His principal subject has been Chemistry, the Labora tory. 120 JOHNS HOPKINS UNI VERSITY cIROULAPS. [No. 31.

CHARLES ALBERT PERKINS, of Ware, Mass., A. B., Williams Principal Studies: History and Political Economy, and Latin; College, 1879. His principal subject has been Physics, the —German, French, Chemistry, and Physics. subordinate, Chemistry. He submitted a thesis on the “Variation CHARLES HOWARD HOWARD, of Baltimore, who pursued his of the Magnetic Permeability of Nickel at different temperatures” preliminary studies with Mr. W. S. Marston. ALBERT SHAW, of Grinnell, Iowa, A. B., Iowa College, 1879. Principal Studies: History and Political Science, and Greek ;~ His principal study has beeu History, the subordinate, Political Physics, Latin, and Logic, with English and Ethics. Science. His thesis entitled “Etienne Cabet and the Icarian JoHN DEERING LORD, JR., of Baltimore, who pursued pre- Community,” is to be published in book-form by G. P. Putnam’s paratory studies with Mr. M. A. Ne~vell. Sons, New York. • Principal Studies: History and Political Economy, and Latin; HENRY NEWLIN STOKES, of Moorestown, N. J., S. B., Haver- —Physics, French, and German. ford College, 1878 His principal subject has been Chemistry, the JERE WILLIAMS LORD, of Baltimore, who pursued preparatory subsidiary, Animal Physiology and Histology. His thesis was on studies under Mr. M. A. Newell. “The nature of the Sulphinide obtained by oxidizing a-Naphtha- Principal Studies: Biology and Chemistry ;—Physics, English, lene-sulphamide. and French, with Logic, Ethics, and Psychology. LEWIS WEBB WILHELM, of Baltimore, A. B., Johns hopkins WILLIAM PATRICK LYONS, of Baltimore, a former student of University, 1880. His principal subject has been History, the Loyola College. subordinate, Political Science. His thesis, entitled “ Sir George Principal Studies: French and History ;—Latin, Philosophy, Calvert, Baron of Baltimore,” has been read before the Maryland Physics, and German. Historical Society, and accepted for publication. EDGAR GEORGE MILLER, JR., of Baltimore, who pursued his ARTHUR YAGER, of Georgetown, Ky., A. B., Georgetown Cob preliminary studies under Mr. L. V. Tuttle. lege, 1879. His principal subject has been History, the sub- Principal Studies: History and Political Economy, and Ger- sidiary, Political Science. He submitted a thesis on “ State and man ;—.-Latin, Greek, Physics, and Chemistry. Local Taxation in Kentucky.” WILLIAM RIDGELY GRNDORFF, of Baltimore, a graduate of (15) the City College in 1881. Bachelors of Arts. Principal Studies: Chemistry and German;—French and Physics, Logic and Psychology, English and History. ALBERT CLAYTON APPLEGARTH, of Baltimore, a former student of the City College. GEORGE DOBBIN PENNIMAN, of Howard County, a former Principal Studies: Chemistry and History ;—German, Mathe- student of the City College. matics, and Political Economy. Principal Studies: History, Philosophy, and German ;—Freneh, Latin, and Physics. CHARLES WALTER ARTZ, of Hagerstown, Maryland, who pur- sued his preliminary studies under Mr. J. T. Carlile. WILLIAM H. PERKINS, of Baltimore, who pursued preparatory Principal Studies : Germau and Political Science ;—Physics, studies with Mr. W. S. Marston. history, French, and English. Principil Studies: Mathematics and French ;—Latin, German, and Physics. WALTER BLISS CANFIELD, of Baltimore, who pursued prepara- tory studies und .r Mr G. G. Carey. GEORGE CLEMENT STOKES, Ja., of Govanstown, Maryland, who Principal Studies: History and Political Economy, and Latin; pursued¶is preliminary studies with Dr. J. C. M. Mdrillat. —French, Greek, and Chemistry. Principal Studies: History and Political Science, and German; —Physics and Latin, Logic, Ethics, and Psychology. GEORGE GIBSON CAREY, JR., of Baltimore, who pursued his preliminary studies with Mr. G. G. Carey. WILLIAM JONES THOMAS, of Baltimore, a former student of Principal Studies: History and Political Economy, and Latin; Randolph Macon College. —Physics, German, and French. Principal Studies : Mathematics and History ;—German, Latin, and Physics. WILLIAM KENNEDY CROMWELL, of Baltimore County, wh~ pursued preparatory studies with Mr. H. W. Luckett. WILLIAM FERDINAND WALZ, of Baltimore, a graduate of the Principal Studies: History and Political Economy, and Ger- City College in 1881. man ;—Chemistry, Latin, and French. Principal Studies: Greek and Latin ;—Freuch, Chemistry, and CHARLES WILLIAM IRAMMELSBERG CRUM, of Jefferson, Mary- History. land, a former student of Franklin and Marshall College. FREDERICK HENRY WILKENS, of Baltimore, who pursued his Principal Studies: Mathematics and Physics ;—English, French, preliminary studies under Mr. B. M. Lamb. and German. Principal Studies: Greek and Latin ;—German, English, and HARRY FRIEDENWALD, of Baltimore, a former student of the Chemistry, with History and Ethics. City College. GEORGE WISHART EDMOND, of Portland, Maine, a former Principal Studies: Biology and Chemistry ;—French, Philoso- student of Amherst College.* phy, and Physics, with English and History. CHARLES HOWARD SHINN, of San Francisco, California, a WILLIAM LINDSAY GLENN, of Baltimore, who pursued his former student of the University of California.* preliminary studies under.Mr. G. G. Carey. (23) Principal Studies: Latin and Greek ;—French and Physics, with English, Ethics, and History. * On these two gentlemen, who had pursued studies here, the Board of Collegiate Advisers recommended that the degree should he conferred extra erdinem, since the JOHN HINKLEY, of Baltimore, who pursued preparatory studies Board Isad satisfactory evidence of their good attainments in many branches of a liberal with Mr. G. G. Carey. education.

The Johns Hopkins University Circalars are printed by Messrs. JOHN iJIURPHY ~ CO., 18~2 West Baltimore Street, Balti- more,from whom single copies may be obtained. They may also be procured, as 500)1 as published, from Messrs. CUSII[NGS c~ BAiLEY, No. ~62 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.