Flora of MADHYA PRADESH (Western Part)
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Flora of MADHYA PRADESH (Western Part) V.P. Singh Retd. Professor & Head Institute of Environment Management and Plant Sciences Vikram University Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) Published by: Scientific Publishers (India) Branch Office 5 A, New Pali Road, P.O. Box 91 Scientific Publishers (India) Jodhpur 342 001 (India) 4806/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi - 110 002 (India) E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.scientificpub.com © 2014, V.P. Singh All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, adapted, abridged, translated, stored in a retrieval system, computer system, photographic or other systems or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the author and the publishers. Disclaimer: Whereas every effort has been made to avoid errors and omissions, this publication is being sold on the understanding that neither the author nor the publishers nor the printers would be liable in any manner to any person either for an error or for an omission in this publication, or for any action to be taken on the basis of this work. Any inadvertent discrepancy noted may be brought to the attention of the publishers, for rectifying it in future editions, if published. ISBN: 978-81-7233-856-5 eISBN: 978-93-86237-33-0 Printed in India Preface Previous Botanical explorations bringout the fact that present area is unexplored. Soil, climate and Biotic factors, which for the most part determine the flora of a place are discussed with reference to their on the prevailing vegetation pattern. The description of the species and various vegetation types are also included. Grassland vegetation, Forest vegetation and medicinal species are separately enumerated. As the flora changes with season, the seasonal aspects of the vegetation is also studied. The western part of MP are facing sever anthropogenic stresses, produces new areas for the occupation by species. Roadsides, trackside, fallow land, Rubbish heaps, croplands are few such situations, they have been studied for their characteristic flora. The present study shows the changing pattern of vegetation and flora of the region, which if goes unchecked and unplanned can results into deserts. We can only admire the truth of the situation if we foresee the present trend in vegetation change. The natural areas as shown by study are absent from the area and the Therophytic vegetation of the present time is the degraded “forest” of the past, and have developed and maintained solely by man through his activities and grazing animals. In present study every care is taken to include the species growing in the area,but still newer and newer introduction, at times overcome the pace of collection. The New approach in presenting data has been taken to solve the identification process more easier. Apart from genera and species, the infor- mation of families has been given more stress to understand the characters of the family. Further, the delay in identification and confirmation reports of debatable species from authentic centre make their inclusion and omission equally problematical. And such few species are reluctantly been omitted. Whenever possible, the key for identification is prepared on the basis of characters assessable in the field. Maximum photographs were taken in the field for easiest way for identification. The work may be of help and may serve as a unique source of information to whosever, interested in this field of Botany. iv Flora of Madhya Pradesh (Western Part) Finally I hope this book gives critical knowledge to student of Angiosperm taxonomy as well as to those who love Taxonomy. I am very much grateful to the Directors and curator as of the herbaria- At RBG-Kew; British Museum, Edinburgh; Rijks herbarium, Leiden; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA; Central National Herbarium, Calcutta: National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow and many friends and taxonomists for their valuable comments and suggestions on various taxonomic problems including the new style and data has been included in this book My sincere gratitudes are to the Members of Technical support group of Biodiversity of Ujjain Division, Specially Shri Jaydeep Govind, Commissioner, Ujjain, Shri B.M.S. Rathore, Member secretary, M.P. State Biodiversity Board; Shri GD Sagar, CF-Coordinator, T.S.G. and Shri Rajesh Kumar, C.F., Ujjain, for various help. Lastly, I am grateful to Shri Pawan Kumar, Managing Editior, Scientific Publishers (India), Jodhpur for printing this book. V.P. Singh Retd. Professor of Botany, Institute of Environment Management and Plant Sciences, Vikram Universitry, Ujjain - 456010 Contents Preface ................................................... iii 26. TILIACEAE (Linden family) ...... 102 Introduction .......................................... ix 27. LINACEAE .................................. 107 1. RANUNCULACEAE ......................... 1 28. MALPIGHIACEAE ...................... 108 2. DILLENIACEAE ............................... 6 29. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE .................. 111 3. MAGNOLIACEAE ........................... 10 30. AVERRHOACEAE ...................... 114 4. ANNONACEAE ............................... 12 31. OXALIDACEAE ........................... 116 5. MENISPERMACEAE ..................... 19 32. TROPEOLACEAE ....................... 118 6. NYMPHAEACEAE 33. BALSAMINACEAE ..................... 120 [Water–lily Family] ....................... 25 34. RUTACEAE ................................. 123 7. NELUMBONACEAE ....................... 28 35. SIMAROUBACEAE .................... 126 8. PAPVERACEAE .............................. 31 36. BURSERACEAE .......................... 128 9. FUMARIACEAE .............................. 37 37. MELIACEAE ............................... 130 10. BRASSICAEAE ............................. 40 38. OLEACEAE (Olax Family) ......... 135 11. CLEOMACEAE ............................. 49 39. CELASTRACEAE 12. CAPPERIDACEAE ........................ 53 (Staff-Tree family) ....................... 136 13. RESEDACEAE .............................. 58 40. RHAMNACEAE ........................... 138 14. VIOLACEAE .................................. 60 42. VITIDACEAE [Vitaceae, 15. COCHLOSPERMACEAE .............. 62 Ampledaceae] (Grape family) ..... 142 16. FLACOURTIACEAE ..................... 63 43. LEEACEAE .................................. 145 17. POLYGALACEAE ......................... 66 44. SAPINDACEAE (Soap Berry family) ..................... 146 18. CARYOPHYLLACEAE ................. 69 45. ANACARDIACEAE 19. PORTULACEAE ............................ 73 (Cashew Family) ......................... 152 20. TAMARICAEAE ............................ 75 46. MORINGACEAE ......................... 156 21. ELATINACEAE ............................. 77 47. FABACEAE [Papilionaceae] 22. DIPTEROCARPACEAE ................ 79 [Legume or Pea family] ............... 158 23. MALVACEAE ................................ 81 48. CAESALPINACEAE ................... 195 24. BOMBACEAE (Bombax family) ... 91 49. MIMOSACEAE ............................ 208 25. STERCULIACEAE 50. ROSACEAE .................................. 218 (Sterculia Family) ......................... 95 51. CRASSULACEAE ....................... 222 vi Flora of Madhya Pradesh (Western Part) 52. DROCERACEAE ......................... 224 82. APOCYNACEAE ......................... 313 53. HALORAGIDACEAE .................. 225 83. PERIPLOCACEAE ...................... 319 54. COMBRETACEAE ...................... 226 84. ASCLEPIADACEAE ................... 322 54. MYRTACEAE .............................. 230 85. BUDDLEJACEAE ....................... 327 55. LECYTHIDACEAE ..................... 233 86. GENTIANACEAE ....................... 327 56. MELASTOMACEAE ................... 235 87. MENYANTHACEAE ................... 330 57. LYTHERACEAE .......................... 236 88. POLEMONIACEAE .................... 330 58. PUNICAEAE ............................... 240 89. HELIOTROPIACEAE 59. ONAGRACEAE ........................... 241 [Boraginaceae] ............................. 331 60. TRAPACEAE ............................... 243 90. EHRETIACEAE .......................... 334 61. TURNERACEAE ........................ 244 91. CONVOLVULACEAE ................. 337 62. PASSIFLORACEAE .................... 246 92. CUSCUTACEAE [Dodder Family] ......................... 343 63. CARICAEAE ................................ 247 93. SOLANCEAE [Potato Family] .... 344 64. CUCURBITACEAE ..................... 248 94. SCROPHULARIACEAE ............. 350 65. BEGONIACEAE .......................... 255 95. OROBANCHACEAE ................... 358 66. CACTACEAE [Cactus Family] ... 256 96. LENTIBULARIACEAE ............... 359 67. AIZOACEAE [Molluginaceae] .... 259 97. BIGNONIACEAE ........................ 360 68. APIACEAE [Umbelliferae] ......... 261 98. PEDALIACEAE ........................... 367 69. ALANGIACEAE .......................... 266 99. MARTYNIACEAE ....................... 368 GAMOPETALOUS Family ............... 267 100. THUNBERGIACEAE ................ 368 70. CAPRIFOLIACEAE .................... 267 101. ACANTHACEAE ....................... 369 71. RUBIACAE [The Madder family] ................... 268 102. VERBENACEAE ....................... 380 72. ASTERACEAE 103. FLACCOURTIACEAE .............. 384 [Compositae - Aster family] ........ 276 104. NYCTAGINACEAE ................... 386 73. LOBELIACEAE ........................... 301 105 LAMIACEAE [Labiatae] ............ 387 74. CAMPANULACEAE ................... 302 106.