Overview of the PPRV outbreak in wildlife

Batchuluun Damdinjav, Mathieu Pruvot, Shiilegdamba Enkhtuvshin, Richard Kock, Amanda Fine Talk Outline

• About WCS • PPR Virus Distribution – Livestock – Wildlife • Mapping confirmed and unconfirmed cases

• Estimating mortality from population monitoring

• Carcass counts WCS saves wildlife and wild places through science, conservation action, education, and inspiring people to value nature WCS has over 60 country programs offices working internationally

© WCS WCS Mongolia Program was established in 2003 and working at the Gobi-Steppe Priority Sites

Mongolian– Gobi Steppe Mongolian– Grassland Steppe Wildlife Disease Surveillance Wildlife Disease surveillance & • Avian Influenza surveillance in Wild Birds research • Wildlife and Livestock interface disease study • Conservation and field research projects PPR virus disease PPR clinical signs in a domestic • Highly contagious infectious goat (left) and disease of wild and domestic small Mongolian saiga ruminants. antelope (below) – Only expressed in free-ranging wild caprines until this outbreak • Caused by a Morbillivirus (family Paramyxoviridae). – Multi-host viruses • Characterized by fever, ocular and nasal discharge, oral erosions, bronchopneumonia and diarrhea. – Mortality rates: 30% -70% PPR Distribution

• First reported in 1942 in Cote d’Ivoire

• Rapid spread in past 15 years

• Africa, Middle East, Turkey, West and South Asia, China, and now Mongolia.

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6316e.pdf PPR in Mongolia: Impacts wildlife and livestock http://www.largeherbivore.org Central Asian antelopes

400,000 – 2,700,000 40,000-140,000 67,000-72,000 Wild ungulates present in the western region of Mongolia sharing range with livestock

• Clockwise: – Saiga antelope – Goitered gazelle – Argali sheep – Siberian ibex • All prove to be highly susceptible to PPR with mass mortality in saiga population PPR in Mongolian saiga Possible story July 2016

Confirmed Unconfirmed

Saiga Ibex

Time August 2016

Confirmed Unconfirmed

Saiga Ibex

Time September 2016

Confirmed Unconfirmed

Saiga Ibex

Time October 2016

Confirmed Unconfirmed

Saiga Ibex

Time November 2016

Confirmed Unconfirmed

Saiga Ibex

Time December 2016

Confirmed Unconfirmed

Saiga Ibex

Time January 2017

Confirmed Unconfirmed

Saiga Ibex

Time March 2017

Confirmed Unconfirmed

Saiga Ibex

Time May 2017

Confirmed Unconfirmed

Saiga Ibex

Time August 2017

Confirmed Unconfirmed

Saiga Ibex

Time January 2018

Confirmed Unconfirmed

Saiga Ibex

Time RECOMMENDATION FOR INTEGRATED CRITICAL INTERVENTIONS AT WILDLIFE LIVESTOCK INTERFACE

• In 2016-17 wildlife were indicators of livestock circulation before the situation in livestock was clearly understood – multiple spill over events. • The spill over to saiga and their devastation was avoidable. An integrated approach to surveillance and strategic buffer vaccination protecting vulnerable wildlife will prevent this occurrence. • Importance of passive and active wildlife surveillance, including participatory to help elucidate infection zone and free zone. • Movement of virus across landscape livestock dependent, with local spread amongst wildlife and where virus burns out quickly for lack of hosts. → Confirms that protection of wildlife from PPR requires control of PPR in livestock. • Respective roles of wildlife and livestock in the epidemiology requires more research? Saiga PPR Outbreak Response Partners