Global Report on Results

www.nca.no/en E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: +47 22 09 27 00 Fax: +47 22 09 27 20 Street address: Bernhard Getz’ gate 3, 0165 Oslo, Norway Postal address: P. o. Box 7100, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway Account no.: 1594 22 87248

2015 2015 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS

Norwegian Church Aid works with people and organisations around the world in their struggle to eradicate poverty and injustice. We provide emergency assistance in disasters and work for long-term development in local communities. In order to address the root causes of poverty, we advocate for just decisions by public authorities, businesses and religious leaders.

Norwegian Church Aid is an ecumenical, diaconal organisation for global justice. We work where needs are greatest, with no intention of changing religious affiliation of our beneficiaries.

To ensure the efficiency and quality of our work, Norwegian Church Aid is a member of ACT Alliance, one of the world’s largest humanitarian alliances. The alliance consists of church-based

2015 2015 with organisations of other religious faiths. GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS

Norwegian Church Aid is an ecumenical, diaconal organisation for global justice. We work where needs are greatest, with no intention of changing religious affiliation of our beneficiaries.

To ensure the efficiency and quality of our work, Norwegian Church Aid – Together for a just world Norwegian Church Aid is a member of ACT Alliance, one of the world’s largest humanitarian alliances. The alliance consists of church-based organisations throughout the world and cooperates with organisations of other religious faiths.

Norwegian Church Aid – Together for a just world

Children in Zambia no longer have to draw water from the crocodile infested Kabompo River after receiving tap water in the middle of their village. 3ULQW*56(7 Photo: Bellah Zulu/Norwegian Church Aid, Zambia

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Norwegian Church Aid’s focus countries Countries where Norwegian Church Aid provides strategic project support NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID’S ORGANISATION CHART AS OF 31.12.2015 Countries where Norwegian Church Aid has phased out NCA is phasing out programmes in Brazil, Laos, Vietnam, Kenya and Southern Africa (partial)

Countries where Norwegian Church Aid is implementing large-scale humanitarian responses

Norwegian Church Aid focus countries implementing large-scale humanitarian responses In addition, NCA assisted women and men affected by conflict and natural disasters of smaller scale in focus countries NORWEGIAN CHURCH AIDS Norwegian Church Aid Norwegian Church and ACT sister organisations’ Joint Country Programme (JCP) and office CONSTITUENCIES NCA is planning a joint programme with ACT sister organisations in Myanmar and Southern Africa CHURCHES AND RELATED WHERE WE WORK MAP AS PER DECEMBER 31ST 2015 Norwegian Church Aid Office ORGANISATIONS IN NORWAY

AFRICA COUNCIL COUNTRY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 Angola 30,614,091 116,168,505 Burundi 14,422,336 50,534,255 BOARD Democratic Republic of Congo 32,555,777 127,770,142 Eritrea 418,445 17,897,331 Ethiopia 27,375,643 122,692,492 GENERAL SECRETARY Anne-Marie Helland Kenya 12,091,940 76,350,423 RUSSIA Liberia 6,634,077 Malawi 54,757,978 177,064,021 Mali 34,535,698 187,882,831 Mauritania 7,007,155 GS STAFF YOUTH MOVEMENT Regional Eastern Africa 1,643,319 9,533,036 ROMANIA Regional Southern Africa 24,853,542 81,666,128 SERBIA Regional West MACEDONIA and Central Africa 63,738 1,156,242 GREECE Rwanda 8,279,094 Somalia 50,650,477 225,628,990 SYRIA Northern Iraq LEBANON South Sudan 76,371,951 245,600,846 ISRAEL Sudan 67,165,662 256,096,271 PALESTINE JORDAN Tanzania 46,585,703 131,112,704 NEPAL TOTAL EXPENDITURES 2015 AND 2011-2015 TOTAL Western Sahara 2,748,907 18,036,424 WESTERN Zambia 21,760,654 121,960,156 SAHARA TOTAL NOK AFRICA 498,615,861 1,989,071,123 MYANMAR FINANCE DEPARTMENT FOR DEPARTMENT HUMAN RESOURCES COMMUNICATION FUNDRAISING THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC DEPARTMENT DEVELOPMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT SUDAN ERITREA POLICY PROGRAMMES Darfur Anders Østeby Anne Cathrine Seland Ragnhild Øien Toyomasu ASIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST Wenche Fone DIRECTOR Håkon Haugsbø COUNTRY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 Eivind Aalborg Afghanistan 58,608,997 247,179,499 DEPUTY DIRECTOR SOUTH ETHIOPIA GLOBAL IT FUNDRAISING Bangladesh 6,402,241 SUDAN DIVISION Harald Nyeggen Sommer DIVISION Myanmar 16,007,605 79,596,233 SECRETARIAT India 4,074,759 19,962,740 GLOBAL FINANCE AREA AND CONSTITUENCY DR CONGO Iraq 23,006,976 30,358,003 DIVISION PROGRAM TEAMS MOBILISATION Laos 11,735,815 54,462,518 DIVISION Lebanon 10,800,000 10,800,000 GLOBAL ACCOUNT- Nepal 25,417,369 26,074,834 ING DIVISION Pakistan 23,699,070 120,862,000 BRAZIL Palestine 20,149,106 122,086,093 GLOBAL LOGISTICS Philippines 3,553,893 16,672,447 DIVISION ZIMBABWE Regional Middle East 7,134,854 30,822,836 NAMIBIA Regional South East Asia 794,634 7,329,287 BOTSWANA MOZAMBIQUE Sri Lanka 1,370,048 Syria 21,835,293 67,506,834 Thailand 2,025,614 11,574,817 SOUTH Vietnam 9,693,541 38,619,137 AFRICA TOTAL NOK ASIA 2 2 222 AND THE MIDDLE EAST 238,537,526 891,679,567 2 NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID’S REPRESENTATIONS

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN EUROPE AFGHANISTAN JERUSALEM SOUTH AFRICA COUNTRY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 COUNTRY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 ANGOLA KENYA SOUTH SUDAN Brazil 9,767,167 60,026,518 Armenia 563,382 4,291,925 BURUNDI LAOS SUDAN Greece 500,000 500,000 Cuba 566,036 2,899,048 DR CONGO MALAWI TANZANIA Kosovo 1,162,000 Dominican Republic 1,987,428 9,746,863 ETHIOPIA MALI VIETNAM Macedonia 1,000,000 1,357,143 El Salvador 540,000 GUATEMALA MYANMAR ZAMBIA Guatamala 8,668,754 38,569,962 Regional Europe 20,225 442,090 HAITI PAKISTAN Haiti 16,943,047 129,719,255 Romania 1,787,491 2,613,491 Nicaragua 4,191,311 Russia 339,006 1,379,006 Regional Latin America 4,191,559 20,812,394 Serbia 4,983,261 10,497,981 TOTAL NOK LATIN AMERICA 42,123,990 266,505,350 TOTAL NOK EUROPE 9,193,365 22,243,636

129 Global Report 2015 Norwegian Church Aid’s focus countries Countries where Norwegian Church Aid provides strategic project support NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID’S ORGANISATION CHART AS OF 31.12.2015 Countries where Norwegian Church Aid has phased out NCA is phasing out programmes in Brazil, Laos, Vietnam, Kenya and Southern Africa (partial)

Countries where Norwegian Church Aid is implementing large-scale humanitarian responses

129 Global Report 2015 www.nca.no/en E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: +47 22 09 27 00 Fax: +47 22 09 27 20 Street address: Bernhard Getz’ gate 3, 0165 Oslo, Norway Postal address: P. o. Box 7100, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway Account no.: 1594 22 87248

2015 2015 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS

Norwegian Church Aid is an ecumenical, diaconal organisation for global justice. We work where needs are greatest, with no intention of changing religious affiliation of our beneficiaries.

To ensure the efficiency and quality of our work, Norwegian Church Aid is a member of ACT Alliance, one of the world’s largest humanitarian alliances. The alliance consists of church-based www.nca.no/en E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: +47 22 09 27 00 Fax: +47 22 09 27 20 Street address: Bernhard Getz’ gate 3, 0165 Oslo, Norway Postal address: P. o. Box 7100, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway organisations throughout the world and cooperates Account no.: 1594 22 87248

2015 2015 with organisations of other religious faiths. GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS

Norwegian Church Aid is an ecumenical, diaconal organisation for global justice. We work where needs are greatest, with no intention of changing religious affiliation of our beneficiaries.

Norwegian Church Aid – Together for a just world

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CONTENTS

WHERE WE WORK...... 2 OUTLOOK FROM THE GENERAL SECRETARY...... 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... 8

1. THIS IS NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID (NCA)….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….…. 10 1.1 WHO WE ARE...... 11 1.2 SELECTED RESULTS FROM NCA’S WORK WITH FAITH ACTORS IN 2015...... 12 1.3 INCOMING RESOURCES AND EXPENDITURE...... 14

2. NCA’S ADDED VALUE IN COUNTRY PROGRAMMES….….….….….….….….….….….….….….… 17 2.1 AFRICA...... 18 2.2 ASIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST...... 22 2.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN...... 26 2.4 EUROPE...... 28 2.5 SECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT...... 30

3. GLOBAL PROGRAMMES FOR INCREASED QUALITY….….….….….….….….….….….….….….… 32 3.1 THE RIGHT TO PEACE AND SECURITY...... 36 • WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY...... 37 • COMMUNITY VIOLENCE AND SMALL ARMS CONTROL...... 41 • FAITH COMMUNITIES AND PEACEBUILDING ...... 45

3.2 GENDER JUSTICE...... 49 • GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (GBV) ...... 50 • WOMEN IN GOVERNANCE (WIG)...... 55

3.3 ECONOMIC JUSTICE...... 59 • LIVELIHOOD AND TRADE...... 60 • RESOURCES AND FINANCE...... 65

3.4 CLIMATE JUSTICE...... 69 • CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION (CCM)...... 70 • CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION (CCA)...... 75

3.5 THE RIGHT TO WATER AND HEALTH...... 79 • SOCIAL MITIGATION OF HIV AND AIDS...... 80 • ACCESS TO QUALITY HEALTH CARE ...... 84 • WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH)...... 88

4. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE ….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….… 91 4.1 IMPROVED RESPONSE CAPACITY ...... 93 4.2 RESPONDING THROUGH LOCAL STRUCTURES...... 95

5. ADVOCACY FOR GLOBAL JUSTICE ….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….100

6. ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT ….….….….….….….….….….….….….103 6.1 FOCUSING GEOGRAPHICALLY FOR GREATER IMPACT...... 104 6.2 LEARNING FROM EVALUATIONS...... 104 6.3 ACCOUNTABILITY ...... 105

7. LOOKING FORWARD – FAITH IN ACTION ….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….107 7.1 RESOURCES OF RELIGION AND FAITH...... 108 7.2 TRANSFORMING RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE AND PRACTICE FROM WITHIN...... 109 7.3 FROM STRATEGY TO ACTION ...... 110

ANNEXES….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….112 1 SELECTED OUTPUT INDICATORS (SOI) 2015 ...... 113 2 EVALUATIONS AND REVIEWS CARRIED OUT IN 2015...... 116 3 FINANCIAL SUMMARY 2015...... 117 4 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES 2015 AND BALANCE SHEET 2015...... 118 5 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR´S REPORT 2015...... 120 6 TOTAL EXPENDITURE FOR COUNTRIES AND PROGRAMMES 2015...... 122 7 TOTAL EXPENDITURE 2011-2015...... 124 8 NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID’S COUNCIL AND BOARD 2015...... 126 9 HUMAN RESOURCES GLOBALLY 2015...... 127 10 NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID’S ORGANISATION CHART AS OF 31.12.2015...... 129

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 5 General Secretary Anne-Marie Helland visits a refugee camp in Northern Iraq. Photo: Endre Vestvik/ Norwegian Church Aid

6 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 OUTLOOK FROM THE GENERAL SECRETARY

In our partnerships with local civil society organisations and religious communities around the world, we witness the power of people when they come together for a common cause. Norwegian Church Aid stands as one with its partners in the pursuit of a just world. This global results report testifies to the persistence and hard work of our partners. It is only with local sister organisations and faith actors in Syria, South Sudan, or in Ethiopia that we are able to move mountains of despair and suffering, and transform people’s lives. It is through our partnerships that things get done. In Vietnam, we are building a faith-based disaster response network. In Kenya, women are recognised as leaders in churches and governing structures. In Burundi, youth associations hinder election violence in fragile communities. In Tanzania, villagers push a mining company to deliver water and build schools as promised. In Ethiopia, an interreligious council establishes a national accountability mechanism to end child marriage and female genital mutilation by 2025. In Paris, a climate agreement was signed; more ambitious than what we could have hoped for. During the Photo: Håvard Bjelland/Norwegian Church Aid preparations, Norwegian Church Aid contributed through its staff expertise and support to the World Council of Churches in the mobilisation of interfaith networks. We were actively involved in creating the ACT Alliance that we are all under the eyes of God. In times of climate campaign. We walked with our constituencies in hardship and uncertainty, faith can move us to do what a pilgrimage for climate justice, and we worked towards we initially thought impossible. Some of the results we the same goal with many of our partners in countries have achieved during 2015 seemed unreachable only a where we have a presence – because we are moved by few years ago when we drafted the strategy. I am proud the same diaconal drive for justice and care for creation. to report that together with our constituency and our partners, our presence is felt around the world. I am In the midst of uncertainty, we need to tell each other also proud to lead an organisation that demonstrates stories that foster hope. This report provides such stories. great competency and enthusiasm for what lies ahead Behind every number in this report, there is an individual as we have now embarked on a new strategy. that has gained skills or resources to live a dignified life. For every woman or man engaged in our projects, there Thank you for your interest in reading our report. is a person that is overcoming the impossible. Although we celebrate our partnerships and the results achieved through years of strengthening our collective muscle, Norwegian Church Aid does not underestimate the power of one. In the face of tremendous difficulty, Ahmed is such an individual. A 17-year-old boy from Syria, NCA met Ahmed on the border crossing between Macedonia and Serbia in September 2015. Ahmed had travelled the Balkan route alone. On the road, he met Khaled, who was 10 years older. Khaled had been unable to move his wheelchair through rocky and uneven grounds. Ahmed had carried him for kilometres to reach the registration General Secretary Anne-Marie Helland centre on the Serbian side. He could not abandon Khaled. Once at the registration centre, Ahmed searched for help for his friend. What compelled him to help? When asked, he pointed to the sky and replied: “I am under the eyes of God”. A young man’s story can be an important reminder

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY NCA’s Global Report on Results 2015 is the final annual and programme plan. We reflect on how NCA and faith- report on results from NCA’s international programmes based partners together foster an agenda for social under the organisation’s Global Strategy 2011-2015. It change, documented in NCA’s 15 years commitment to showcases results from all NCA activities regardless working with religious leaders and faith communities to of the funding source, and provides a comprehensive change attitudes related to people living with HIV and picture of what we have achieved during the year. The AIDS (PLWHA) and later sexual minorities. report also presents key financial figures and results, Results from NCA’s commitment to mobilise and including NCA’s Selected Output Indicators, from the develop the capacity of civil society are presented whole strategic period. throughout the report, as well as NCA’s responsiveness The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation to the rights of indigenous peoples – this final category (Norad) remains NCA’s single largest donor granting NCA of results is marked with a symbol for easy identification. about NOK 296 million in 2015, including funds secured through the cooperation agreement QZA-10/0953. Grants from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Examples of results showcased in the report: (MFA) and the Royal Norwegian Embassies totalled • In Afghanistan women organised into community and around NOK 259 million in 2015 and were NCA’s second district peace committees have increased strength in largest funding source. An additional NOK 214 million terms of their membership and have been recognised was raised in Norway through fundraising initiatives as peace actors by male-dominated peace councils. including private monthly donations; congregations; • In Brazil an indigenous community’s plans for businesses; and the annual NCA Lenten Campaign and renewable energy installations to generate power for Fundraiser. The remainder of NCA’s 2015 income came their social and economic development were incorpo- from ACT Alliance members and their back donors rated into the government’s electrification programme such as the Department for International Development following a long-running campaign supported by NCA. (DFID, UK) and agreements signed with global insti- • In Laos, the inclusion of Buddhist monks in caring tutional donors such as UN OCHA, EuropeAid and the and supporting PLWHA in NCA’s programme, not only Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 2015, NCA spent a improved the impact of the initiative, but created more net sum of NOK 884 million on international cooperation space for faith-based actors in the country’s response including related work in Norway (See Chapter 1.3 for to HIV and AIDS. more details). NCA extends its thanks to all those who • In Mali, NCA’s commitment to working with local civil have contributed to making its important work possible. society organisations ensured uninterrupted access At the end of 2015, NCA was engaged in 21 focus and programme implementation in conflict affected countries applying an integrated approach combining areas north in the country. NCA’s investment in the long-term development, advocacy and emergency organisations’ capacity over time has increased their preparedness and response. In other countries, NCA ability to respond to this dynamic situation and also also provided limited but strategic support in the form of attract other international donors. humanitarian action or long-term development. • In Palestine, the Augusta Victoria Hospital was able to In 2016 NCA will embark on the first year of a new meet the increasing needs of Palestinians to access Global Strategy - Faith in Action. The document commits tertiary oncology services. It also ensured access for NCA to continue delivering high quality and cost effective patients, including those living in Gaza with restricted programming by focusing on a smaller number of global mobility. programmes and engaging in fewer countries. As part of • In its first year of implementation, NCA’s WASH Telethon this, NCA’s programme office in Thailand was officially response brought safe water to 186,000 people. This closed in 2015 whilst exit processes were initiated for included the face of the campaign 12 year old Agnes country programmes in Vietnam, Laos, Kenya and Brazil Paulo from Tanzania who has replaced her 7 km daily along with components of the regional programme in walk to fetch water with education and play. Southern Africa. Regional programmes will be managed • In South-Sudan, violence and weapons gave way to the from the Kenya and South Africa offices following the restoration of peaceful traditional means of addressing phase-out of the main operations. inter-tribal disputes. This report showcases our results from different • Despite shrinking space for civil society, new laws on perspectives. Chapter one presents some highlights NGOs and restrictions on those addressing human from what NCA has achieved in 2015 in collabo- rights, NCA’s partners were able to enter into dialogue ration with faith-based actors, along with results in with government authorities on women’s rights issues. mobilising resources, including diversifying the funding • In Europe, NCA, ACT Alliance members and national base. Chapter two focuses on results stemming from faith-based actors provided the massive influx of people NCA’s presence around the globe, whilst chapter three seeking refuge in the region with much needed human- comprises the bulk of the report summarising results itarian assistance. from NCA’s global programmes. Chapter four presents • In Afghanistan, NCA and partners’ reforestation of a selection of achievements from NCA’s humanitarian eroding hills not only contributed to reducing vulner- response, while chapter five shows results from NCA’s ability to disasters, but has also secured increased advocacy work for global justice. Chapter six presents income for the local community, particularly the women. highlights from NCA and partner organisations’ learning • Farmers increased their access to markets and their and development in 2015 within areas such as accounta- personal income after receiving support from NCA bility, anti-corruption and evaluation practice. In chapter and partners to organise themselves into groups and seven we look forward, introducing NCA’s new strategy improve their agricultural inputs and practices.

8 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 People reached1:

2,311,800 918,000 women 1,800,000 women and men in 20 and men in 12 countries signatures were collected countries received gained knowledge of their during the ACT Alliance life-saving humanitarian rights to a life free from campaign calling for climate assistance. gender-based violence. justice at COP21 in Paris.

945,000 women 25,600 rights- 750,000 and men in 10 countries holders involved in NCA Norwegians financially gained access to safe water. interventions to reduce level supported NCA’s work. of community violence.

695,500 women 103,500 rights- 57,000 women and and men in six countries holders’ reduced their men organised into groups received health services. vulnerability to climate to improve their livelihoods. change.

People of Gonta village, in Gelan District rejoice over clean and safe drinking water from a well supported by NCA. 55 year old Abraham Gemede has been given the job to watch over the well. He has received both technical training and hygiene education in order to operate the well safely in future years. Photo: Hilina Abebe/ Norwegian Church Aid, Ethiopia

1 In our efforts to maintain our accountability to stakeholders, NCA continues to include statistical information throughout the report. Given the breadth and depth of our work, we acknowledge the difficulties in measuring this. We have used our monitoring systems to compile the data, and figures have been rounded as appropriate. We have worked hard to avoid double counting when identifying the number of people we reach. However, there is likely to be some overlap between specific activities as some individuals will be supported in more than one area of work. The numbers are collected on an annual basis.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 9 u CHAPTER 1 During a public anti FGM event an uncut girls group in Siraro carried a moto saying no to the practice. Arsi, Ethiopia. Photo: Hilina Abebe/ Norwegian Church Aid, Ethiopia

1. THIS IS NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID (NCA)

10 Global Report 2015 u CHAPTER 1

1.1 WHO WE ARE Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) is a diaconal organisation past five years, key lessons learnt were identified and mandated by churches2 and Christian organisations gave direction to the development of NCA’s new global in Norway to work with people around the world to strategy and programme plan launched in 2016. NCA’s eradicate poverty and injustice. new strategy, Faith in Action, envisions two long-term NCA provides humanitarian assistance and works goals: Save Lives and Seek Justice. Our faith-based for long-term development. We work where needs partners have a particular responsibility and potential are greatest, with no intention of influencing people’s to contribute towards achieving these goals. The results religious affiliation. Through decades of work in varying that NCA has achieved together with faith-based organi- contexts, NCA has developed partnerships and positive sations (FBOs) in the 2011-2015 strategic period have experiences together with people and organisations inspired our new strategy, and a selection from 2015 are rooted in diverse religions and beliefs. In order to address presented in chapter 1.2 below. the root causes of poverty, NCA and partners advocate NCA implements programmes through civil society for just decisions by public authorities, businesses and organisations that promote human rights and deliver religious leaders. crucial services to marginalised groups. We also develop Committed to international ecumenical cooperation the capacity of these organisations through programme and development effectiveness, NCA is affiliated with implementation and targeted capacity development the World Council of Churches (WCC) and is a member initiatives. This partnership approach ensures sustain- of the ACT Alliance. The ACT Alliance is a coalition of ability, greater impact and contextual relevance of churches and affiliated organisations working in over NCA’s programmes. NCA also supports the efforts 140 countries. It was founded in 2010 to increase impact, of our partners to open up political space for citizen coordination and learning among its members and to engagement in governance and to use existing room to avoid duplication. hold governments accountable to their constituencies. 2015 was the final year of NCA’s 2011-2015 global strategy. In looking back at NCA’s experience over the

By increasing access to safe water, NCA contributes to reducing the time that children spend collecting water for their families, freeing up time for school and play. Juba, South Sudan. Photo: Sofi Lundin/Norwegian Church Aid

2 Church of Norway, the Pentecostal Movement in Norway, the Evangelical Lutheran Free Church of Norway, the Free Evangelical Congregations, the Baptist Union of Norway, the Mission Covenant Church of Norway, the Salvation Army, the United Methodist Church in Norway, the Nor- wegian Sami Mission, Norwegian Church Abroad, the Norwegian Universities and Schools Christian Fellowship, the Norwegian YWCA-YMCA. Observer organisations: Global Aid Network, the Norwegian Council for Mission and Evangelism (NORME), Christian Council of Norway.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 11 u CHAPTER 1.2

1.2 SELECTED RESULTS FROM NCA’S WORK WITH FAITH ACTORS IN 2015

Laos: Ethiopia:

Photo: Marcel Giger/Norwegian Church Aid, Laos Photo: Hilina Abebe/Norwegian Church Aid, Ethiopia

Monk engages villagers by integrating Buddhist teachings Interreligious Council commits to stop child marriages and into climate projects FGM by 2025 Integrating Buddhist teachings has proved to be a useful A national-level consultation held in December 2015 resulted method to get villagers engaged in the project. Together, with a formal commitment by the Interreligious Council of they have planted thousands of new trees and gained official Ethiopia to facilitate and lead the establishment of a task recognition from authorities for protection of the reforested force to coordinate a national accountability mechanism to area. Buddhist monk Ajaan Phitak has learnt how to lead end child, early and forced marriages (CEFM) and female projects to mitigate climate change and with NCA’s support genital mutilation (FGM) by 2025. The event was attended has developed skills to provide guidance to youth groups. by 345 religious leaders, women, and representatives of the federal and regional Ministry of Women, Children and Youth Affairs, the media and members of the development community including UNFPA and UNICEF.

Palestine: Malawi:

Photo: Paul Jeffrey/ACT Alliance Photo: Callisto Sekeleza/Norwegian Church Aid, Malawi

Faith actors speak up against human rights violations using Sexual Reproductive Health Rights discussed in churches prayer vigils and mosques Members of the ACT Palestine Forum (APF) marked their Messages focusing on Sexual Reproductive Health Rights opposition to the many human rights violations committed (SRHR) and family planning discussed in churches and against Palestinians in the Holy Land. Through different mosques in Malawi have created more openness around initiatives, the APF stood in solidarity and prayed for all the these family issues. Members of faith communities confirm victims in Palestine and Israel following the 2014 Gaza war that to the use of contraceptive methods has provided their and the subsequent escalations of violence, demolitions of families with more time between pregnancies, increasing homes and displacement of people in 2015. women’s opportunity to attend to household chores and livelihood activities. This change comes as a direct result of awareness-raising and training sessions held for religious leaders in 2014 and 2015.

12 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 Angola: Greece:

Photo: Håkon Haugsbø/Norwegian Church Aid Photo: Jane Vogt/Norwegian Church Aid

Local church-based groups fight corruption in their The Greek Orthodox Church responds to Europe’s refugee communities crisis “We function as a bridge between people in the villages The refugee crisis in Europe has moved the whole world. and the authorities. Social work is an important part of “The Greek have once themselves been refugees”, says one our mission as a church”, explains Susana Marquinha (29), of the representatives of Apostoli, the humanitarian arm of member of a church-based budget-monitoring group. NCA the Greek Orthodox Church. NCA partnered with churches in has partnered with the National Council of Churches in Serbia, Macedonia and Greece to distribute food and other Angola to monitor local budgets and secure how revenue necessities to those who crossed the Mediterranean Sea from the oil industry is benefiting poor districts. Local from Turkey to Greece, and moved further up through the churches are trained to understand how public budgets Balkans. work, and how to track the expenditures.

Vietnam: Pakistan:

Photo: Pham Van Hung/Norwegian Church Aid, Vietnam Photo: Hanna Molland/Norwegian Church Aid

NCA organises first ever national interfaith conference on Faith-based partners hinder violent tensions after suicide the environment attacks on churches Vietnam has a cautious approach to civil society devel- Two suicide attacks on churches in Youhanabad, Lahore opment, and the space for non-state and non-party actors (Punjab) on March 15, 2015 and the subsequent lynching of is limited. For this reason, gathering religious leaders is two Muslim suspects caused riots and tensions between politically challenging. Despite this, political leaders and Christian minority and Muslim majority groups. Local inter- leaders of all the country’s 14 religions were present at the faith community peace groups immediately intervened and conference together with almost 1,000 volunteers from faith- played a key role to normalise the situation and prevent an based organisations. See chapter 3.4, Climate Justice, for escalation of violence through dialogue between Christians and Muslims. See Chapter 3.1, Right to Peace and Security, more details of the output from the conference. for more details.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 13 u CHAPTER 1.3

1.3 INCOMING RESOURCES AND EXPENDITURE

FUNDING FROM NORWEGIAN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

Norwegian Agency for Development Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Cooperation NCA’s funding from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation Affairs (MFA) and the Royal Norwegian Embassies (Norad) continued to be NCA’s main donor in 2015 via totalled around NOK 259 million in 2015, which is a five-year cooperation agreement (2011-2015) and relatively stable compared to the 2014 figure of NOK 262 a series of addendums to this agreement for country million. specific restricted funds. Funding from the cooperation Key developments in NCA’s cooperation with MFA agreement was NOK 166 million in 2015, whilst the total include the signing of a new Gender-based Violence amount of the addendums was approx. NOK 130 million. (GBV) agreement for the amount of NOK 66 million over See Table 1.3.1 for details of Norwegian embassy agree- a three-year period. The intention of this agreement ments which make up most of this amount. These figures is to scale-up the results NCA and partners have were relatively similar to those from 2014, with the main achieved in combating GBV in the Democratic Republic increase resulting from a new four-year agreement for of the Congo. This agreement also builds on a positive Haydom Lutheran Hospital in Tanzania. The total for cooperation between NCA and MFA developed through this agreement is NOK 60 million for the entire period. a three-year humanitarian WASH agreement - the first NCA successfully secured a new four-year cooperation phase of which was finalised in 2015 and an application agreement with Norad in early 2016, receiving the highest for a new three-year agreement was submitted to MFA score of all applicants – on Norads new assessment tool, at the end of 2015. NCA also entered into a new three- RAM Light (82 out of a possible 100). NCA’s high score year agreement with the Royal Norwegian Embassy in was rewarded with a 15% increase from our previous Guatemala City for NOK 15 million during the reporting agreement. period. This agreement was cancelled in early 2016,

Table 1.3.1 Funding agreements with Norwegian embassies (via Norad) Agreement Country amount Thematic Area Afghanistan 31,500,058 Community violence and small arms control; Livelihood and trade; Water, sanitation and hygiene; and Climate change mitigation Angola 22,000,000 Resources and finance; Social mitigation of HIV and AIDS, Gender-based violence; Water, sanitation and hygiene; and Climate change mitigation Burundi 4,000,000 Empowering women; and Youth and Batwa as active citizens towards peaceful elections Mali 5,000,000 Women, peace and security and Women in governance in northern Mali Somalia - Education 13,000,113 Education; Anti-piracy; and Gender-based violence South Sudan 29,000,000 Water, sanitation and hygiene; Access to quality health care; and Faith communities and peace building Sudan - Khartoum 9,000,000 Women, peace and security; Faith communities and peace building; Water, sanitation and hygiene; and Access to quality health care Tanzania 10,000,000 Livelihood and trade; Resources and finance; Gender-based violence; Climate change mitigation

Table 1.3.2 Direct funding agreements with Norwegian embassies Country Amount Thematic Area Southern Africa 8,808,212 Access to renewable energy; Support to extractive industry Malawi 15,579,400 Access to quality health care; Gender justice Guatemala 5,000,000 Clean energy Ethiopia 4,117,223 Abandonment of female genital mutilation

14 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 tional donor funding base. A key step in achieving this has been working strategically and systematically with our country offices to develop NCA’s capacity to apply for and manage funds from a variety of donors. In 2015 NCA signed funding agreements with UNICEF, UN OCHA and EuropeAid, along with various bilateral European agencies and embassies in the countries we work. These included UNFPA, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Cooperation with ACT sister organisations has also been a key source of income, both in countries with joint ACT programmes and in countries where they support either our ACT Appeals or provide bilateral support to NCA’s programmes. This has allowed NCA to access funds from our sister agencies’ back donors, such as the Department for International Development (DFID, UK) and the Department International Development Agency (DANIDA).

FUNDRAISING IN NORWAY

Close to 750,000 Norwegians financially support NCA’s work each year through one-time donations, private monthly donations, church offerings, purchasing symbolic gifts in our web shop, or by participating in News in Norwegian media (NTB): Norwegian Church Aid tops develop- the annual NCA Lenten Campaign and Fundraiser.3 ment aid ranking. This demonstrates NCA’s high level of trust among Norwegians. We work daily to honour this trust through only one year of programme implementation, due to the openness, accountability and documentation of the planned closure of the embassy mid 2016. A long-term achievements in saving lives and seeking justice. cooperation agreement with the Royal Norwegian In 2015, NCA raised close to NOK 214 million in Embassy in Malawi for a health programme, imple- Norway. Both private monthly donor agreements and the mented together with local partners and Norwegian annual NCA Lenten Campaign and Fundraiser ended up educational institutions, was terminated in 2015. An with all-time high results at NOK 53 million and NOK 37 overview of all current agreements with Norwegian million respectively. Fundraising campaigns for NCA’s embassies is included in table 1.3.2. humanitarian responses to earthquake victims in Nepal NCA received humanitarian funding to respond to and refugees in Europe and the Middle East raised more acute and protracted crises across the globe in 2015. than NOK 50 million. NCA also received strong support The largest of these responses was to the refugee from our church constituency who raised a total of NOK crises in Syria and surrounding countries, in Iraq, South 55 million in 2015 through intercession, offerings, the Sudan, and Nepal. In addition, NCA secured grant annual NCA Lenten Campaign and Fundraiser and agreements to be able to respond to smaller scale stand-alone fundraising campaigns for specific human- ongoing emergencies. itarian responses. Corporate Partnerships added NOK 18.5 million in contributions to NCA’s work.

GLOBAL INSTITUTIONAL DONORS - Individual donors NOK 140 million (65.0 %) - Churches/congregations NOK 55 million (25.5 %) NCA has succeeded in diversifying and increasing its - Corporate sector NOK 18.5 million (9.5 %) funding base over the course of the 2011-2015 strategic period. This has occurred despite challenges faced by Most of the funds raised from individuals in Norway are global institutional donors due to the aftereffects of unrestricted funds. These provide NCA with the ability the financial crisis and shifting funding priorities to to respond quickly when an emergency occurs and to tackle domestic issues such as the refugee crisis in enter into long-term cooperation with local partner Europe. In a difficult global funding environment, NCA organisations working in challenging environments. has continued to grow and diversify its global institu-

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DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURE PER GLOBAL PROGRAMME 2015 2011-2015 Social Mitigation Social Mitigation Climate Change of HIV and AIDS of HIV and AIDS Adaptation 2 % 2 % 3 % Climate Change Climate Change Women in Governance Women in Governance Faith Communities and Mitigation Adaptation 2 % 2 % Peacebuilding 2 % Other 1 % 3 % 3 % Other 1 % Community Violence & Small Arms Climate Change 3 % Mitigation 3 % Women, Peace & Security Water, Sanitation Strengthening 3 % and Hygiene Community Violence Civil Society & Small Arms Faith Communities and 23 % 23 % 4 % Peacebuilding 4 % Women, Peace Strengthening Water, Sanitation Resources & Finance & Security Civil Society and Hygiene 4 % 4 % 22 % 19 % Resources Gender-based & Finance Violence 5 % 5 % Gender-based Emergency other Emergency Violence Livelihood 6 % 8 % Access to Quality Livelihood other & Trade Access to Quality Health Care & Trade 7 % 8 % Health Care 10 % 10 % 8 %

DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURE PER WORKING METHOD Advocacy for global justice Advocacy for global justice 2015 8% 9% 2011-2015

Humanitarian Humanitarian assistance assistance 31% Long-term 27% Long-term development cooperation development cooperation 61% 64%

16 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 2

2. NCA’S ADDED VALUE IN COUNTRY PROGRAMMES

One of the many ways our partner GOPA teaches children good hygiene is through playing. Photo: Samer AL-Jeryes/GOPA, Syria GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 17 u CHAPTER 2.1

WESTERN SAHARA 2.1 AFRICA

MAURITANIA SUDAN ERITREA DARFUR

SOUTH In 2015, NCA had a presence and worked in the following countries in Africa: SUDAN ETHIOPIA Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Kenya, DR CONGO Malawi, Mali, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania and Zambia. In addition, NCA had limited engagement in Zimbabwe and Algeria (Saharawi refugee camps), Botswana, Eritrea, Namibia and ZIMBABWE Mozambique. BOTSWANA MOZAMBIQUE

SOUTH AFRICA

NCA’s presence and added value in the region office in 2015; however NCA plans to open a joint office There were relatively few changes to NCA’s presence in Mogadishu together with ACT member Diakonie in Africa in 2015. Phase out of programmes in Kenya Katastrophenhilfe in 2016. and Southern Africa continued and will be completed The steady economic growth that we have seen in in 2016 and 2017 respectively. Regional programmes Africa since 2011 slowed down in several countries in will however be managed from these offices following 2015. In Angola, a country which is highly dependent the phase out of the main operations. The Somalia on oil, the drop in oil prices had a serious impact on programme continued to be managed by the Kenya NCA’s partners, who had to adjust their budgets and

Total expenditure per country/region 2015 and 2011-2015

COUNTRY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 COUNTRY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 Angola 30,614,091 116,168,505 Regional Eastern Africa 1,643,319 9,533,036 Burundi 14,422,336 50,534,255 Regional Southern Africa 24,853,542 81,666,128 Democratic Republic of Congo 32,555,777 127,770,142 Regional West and Central Africa 63,738 1,156,242 Eritrea 418,445 17,897,331 Rwanda 8,279,094 Ethiopia 27,375,643 122,692,492 Somalia 50,650,477 225,628,990 Kenya 12,091,940 76,350,423 South Sudan 76,371,951 245,600,846 Liberia 6,634,077 Sudan 67,165,662 256,096,271 Malawi 54,757,978 177,064,021 Tanzania 46,585,703 131,112,704 Mali 34,535,698 187,882,831 Western Sahara 2,748,907 18,036,424 Mauritania 7,007,155 Zambia 21,760,654 121,960,156 TOTAL NOK AFRICA 498,615,861 1,989,071,123 africa 2011-2015 europe 2015 europe 2011-2015 africa 2015

Zambia 2015 Democratic Republic 4,36 % Angola of Congo Western Sahara Burundi 6,14 % 2,89 % 6,53 % 0,55 % Eritrea 0,08 % Tanzania Ethiopia 9,34 % Sudan 5,49 % africa 2011-2015 europe 2015 europe 2011-2015 africa 2015 Kenya 2011-2015 13,47 % Malawi 2,43 % Zambia South Sudan 10,98 % Democratic Republic Mali 6,13 % 15,32 % Angola Burundi of Congo Somalia 6,93 % Western Sahara 5,84 % 2,54 % 6,42 % 10,16 % Tanzania 0,91 % Eritrea 6,59 % 0,90 % Ethiopia Sudan 6,17 % Kenya 12,88 % 3,84 % Regional West Malawi and Central Africa Regional Eastern South Sudan Liberia Africa 8,90 % 0,33 % 0,01 % 12,35 % Mali Regional Southern Somalia 0,33 % 9,45 % Africa 11,34 % 4,98 % asia 2015 asia 2011-2015 Mauritania 0,35 % latin america 2015 latin america 2011-2015 Rwanda Regional Eastern Africa 0,42 % Regional West Regional Southern 0,48 % and Central Africa Africa 0,06 % 4,11 %

18 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 asia 2015 asia 2011-2015 latin america 2015 latin america 2011-2015 plans as the local currency Kwanza devaluated against and internal crisis, which continued despite the signing the USD. In other parts of Africa, the trend of instability of the Agreement on Resolution of Conflict in South and insecurity continued and even increased in some Sudan (ARCISS) in August between the government and contexts. In Burundi, as a consequence of the contested opposition. NCA and partners responded to the crisis presidential elections, more than 250,000 people have by providing humanitarian support to almost 150,000 fled to neighbouring countries, such as the Eastern DRC IDPs, in addition to engaging in peace and reconcili- and Tanzania. An estimated 85,000 people are now inter- ation efforts as the case below illustrates. In Ethiopia, nally displaced. NCA works with Burundian partners, rain patterns were disrupted due to the El Niño weather including faith-based organisations, to respond to pattern. The resulting drought left 10.5 million people this humanitarian crisis and bring together religious facing severe food insecurity towards the end of the actors to seek common ground to promote peace and year, the crisis still deepening. NCA has responded non-violence. The vastness and sparse population with relief and prevention measures, and will continue of northern Mali makes the country prone to human to do so in 2016. NCA and partners also responded to traffickers and non-state armed actors utilising the the refugee crisis in Gambella in the western part of absence of an effective state control over this territory. Ethiopia, providing sanitation and hygiene services for The trend in migration patterns, where traffickers utilise 16,400 South Sudanese refugees in the Jewdi refugee the breakdown of the Libyan state as an entry point to the camp. See Chapter 4.1, Improved Response Capacity, Mediterranean and Europe, exacerbates the situation. for more details. This challenging security situation has negative implica Whilst NCA’s added value can be seen in the results tions for humanitarian access as will be demonstrated in achieved across all of its programmes in Africa, the case below. In Sudan, large parts of the country saw three examples from 2015 are presented below. An continued insecurity, with new displacements in Darfur, important element of NCA’s added value is its long-term South Kordofan and Blue Nile states. It is estimated that partnership with faith-based organisations, as the 3.1 million people are internally displaced in the country, example from South Sudan shows. So too is its partner- 304,531 of whom received emergency health services ships with locally rooted civil society organisations, as from NCA and partners in 2015. The number of IDPs and illustrated through the example from Mali. The third people fleeing South Sudan to neighbouring countries example from Tanzania demonstrates NCA’s innovative continued to increase in 2015 reaching a total of 2.3 approach to programme development through building million. Displacement was due to the political conflict on lessons from existing programmes.

SOUTH SUDAN: NCA accompanies churches in their pursuit of peace

With the support of NCA, South Sudan Council of Churches (SSCC) engaged in a number of peace advocacy initiatives in 2015. Twelve of its members and the South Sudan Islamic Council (SSIC) formed an inter-faith peace delegation, which acquired observer status at the IGAD-led peace mediation in Addis Ababa. On several occasions the delegation contributed to resuming stalled peace negotiations. NCA coordinated the organisational development of SSCC on behalf of other ACT members due to the strong relations we have developed with member churches and SSCC’s stakeholders. In this role, NCA was instrumental in forging a unity of purpose within the member churches of SSCC, as well as in facilitating the linkages to and coordination with WCC’s network, as well as with the Catholic Church network. A key step in the organizational development of SSCC in 2015 was its change of leadership. This resulted from a long-running process within the member churches and reconfirmed the churches’ ownership of SSCC as a joint platform. Strength- ening SSCC’s organizational capacity is key given that they operate across ethnic fault lines and that churches in South-Sudan constitute an important civil society actor given they are both representative and have space from authorities to operate. The renewed momentum created by the above-mentioned processes was manifested in June when the SSCC coordinated an ecumenical church leaders’ retreat in Kigali, Rwanda, to reflect and propose a plan to achieve peace and reconciliation in South Sudan. Participants at the retreat developed a joint Kigali Statement of Intent, which formed the basis for developing a joint long-term action plan. In the statement the churches welcomed the potential of the Agreement on Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (ARCISS), which was signed later in August, while warning that true peace would require the parties to the agreement to respect their commitments as well as the voice of the South Sudanese people for peace. The statement stressed the limitations of the agreement as a political process, as its form and content are not aligned with the aspirations of South Sudanese people. It is rather seen as a compromise between the parties to the agreement. The Kigali Statement of Intent committed the churches to clearly contribute to resolving the conflicts in South Sudan, to build peace and to reconcile communities. NCA, together with the core group, assisted the SSCC in developing an action plan for peace based on the Kigali Statement of Intent. The plan is made up of the three pillars of reconciliation, of safe space for dialogue between conflicting parties, and of peace advocacy.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 19 u CHAPTER 2.1

MALI: NCA ensuring humanitarian access by strengthening grassroots organisations 2011-2015 was a challenging period for Malian civil society due to a series of dramatic events. Drought, armed conflict, the occupation of the three northern regions by rebel movements, a Coup d’Etat and terrorist attacks were all part of a multidimensional crisis. Despite this challenging situation, NCA’s partners not only continued their work but expanded the range and volume of their programmes. The non-interrupted presence came primarily because NCA’s partner portfolio consists of organisations that are rooted in their communities and enjoy a high degree of legitimacy amongst local communities and authorities. This access meant that NCA and partners remained informed about the evolving situation, stayed in tune with the needs of the local population, and implemented humanitarian programmes at a critical time. Years of NCA capacity development invested in its partners and local communities also enabled them to respond effectively to this dynamic situation. In contrast to other international humanitarian actors who engage Malian NGOs as contractors, NCA has adopted a long-term accompaniment model with these local actors. This approach has achieved results that have had an impact on the lives of thousands of people when it comes to women’s participation, gender-based violence and local conflict resolution. An example of a result is the integral role that local peace committees have played in resolving local conflicts in Northern Mali in recent years, including 186 in Kidal, Gao and Timbuktu regions in 2015. In relation to strengthening the organisational capacity of partners, NCA’s approach has resulted in partners being able to submit their own annual audited accounts instead of relying on donors for bookkeeping. NCA also supports partners in following up audit recommendations to ensure continuous learning. This is not only important in terms of organisational development, but has in some cases, meant that NCA partners have secured funding from other sources in 2015, including from UN agencies.

Weekly meeting in a local saving and credit group in Gao. The groups are part of NCA’s Women in Governance programme with NCA’s partner GREFFA to strengthen the capacity of local, grass root civil society. Photo: Kalilou Tirera/Norwegian Church Aid, Mali

20 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 TANZANIA: NCA empowers smallholders through value chain development Building on NCA’s livelihood work, the development of a new Economic Empowerment programme (2016- 2020) includes piloting key initiatives in 2015 and 2016. With a focus on Eastern Africa and new partnerships with private sector actors, the objective of the pilot is to explore scalable models for rights-holders to secure entrepreneurial opportunities and sustainable employment. Progress on the first year of the pilot in Tanzania is presented in the following case. Lack of productivity and unnecessarily low harvest is common amongst the poor and hungry in Tanzania - 80% of which are food producers. If they have any surplus to sell, farmers access the market independently, on worst terms, and typically through middlemen. Failure to access accurate information, training and financial services upholds poor agro-practices and low investments in improved seeds and fertiliser, resulting in low production and no profit. This poverty trap is worsened by the fact that 70% of farmers are smallholders, the majority being women. Most poor are clustered in a few sub-sectors of agriculture with corn production being the largest. By analysing the corn value chain, NCA and partner Anglican Church Diocese of Morogoro (ADCM) are exploring sustainable profit potentials for smallholders. Organised into groups, farmers utilise the benefits of collective procurement of seeds and fertiliser, on-the-farm-training, storage solutions and market access. The pilot involved 251 mainly poor female farmers from Kilosa and Kiteto districts. The goal is to increase productivity and improve farmers’ position when it comes to market access, through increasing knowledge of the value chain and adopting more effective agro-practices. NCA’s coordination of relevant knowledge institutions and the private sector has been instrumental in quality assuring various components of the project. Sokoine University of Agriculture and Yara participated in the training of trainers, conducted soil tests and were involved in gathering baseline data. Building on years of experience with transfer of knowledge, ACDM effectively introduced farmers to new agricultural techniques. With knowledge of the benefits of improved seeds and fertiliser, farmers are expected to increase production beyond subsistence farming and make profit gains. NCA has facilitated access to relevant agricultural inputs from Yara and Pannar as farmers utilised their numbers in collective procurement of seeds and fertiliser. By selling their corn collectively, the women have strengthened their position in approaching the market. Together with World Food Programme (WFP), NCA has facilitated an agreement between the farmers (represented by ACDM) and TanFeed International, including a floor price and a mechanism for upward price correction toward market price. The agreement, which allows farmers to collectively negotiate sales of their produce at terms meaningful to them, can also be used to secure financing for agricultural input for un-bankable smallholders.

Mercy Mkuchu says she thanks God for her thriving field of corn.Photo: Jakob Fagerland/Norwegian Church Aid

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 21 2.2 ASIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST

SYRIA Northern Iraq LEBANON IRAQ ISRAEL PALESTINE JORDAN In 2015, NCA had a presence and worked in the NEPAL following countries in Asia and the Middle East: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, and MYANMAR Palestine. In addition NCA had humanitarian response programmes in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Nepal and the Philippines as well as providing strategic project support in India.

africa 2011-2015 europe 2015 europe 2011-2015 africa 2015

NCA’s presence and added value in the region with DanChurchAid in both Palestine and Myanmar. The Country offices in Afghanistan and Pakistan continued Palestine MoU was signed at the end of the year, whilst to follow up their programmes in 2015. Organisational the one in Myanmar will be launched at the start of 2017. ambitions to work in closer collaboration with ACT sister Geographic focus in the form of phasing out also affected organisations, and to focus geographically, resulted in a the region, with the closing of the NCA programme decision to establish a joint country programme (JCP) office in Thailand and the phase-out processes in both

africa 2011-2015 europe 2015 europe 2011-2015 Total expenditureafrica 2015 per country/region 2015 and 2011-2015 COUNTRY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 COUNTRY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 Afghanistan 58,608,997 247,179,499 Palestine 20,149,106 122,086,093 Bangladesh 6,402,241 Philippines 3,553,893 16,672,447 Myanmar 16,007,605 79,596,233 Regional Middle East 7,134,854 30,822,836 India 4,074,759 19,962,740 Regional South East Asia 794,634 7,329,287 Iraq 23,006,976 30,358,003 Sri Lanka 1,370,048 Laos 11,735,815 54,462,518 Syria 21,835,293 67,506,834 Lebanon 10,800,000 10,800,000 Thailand 2,025,614 11,574,817 Nepal 25,417,369 26,074,834 Vietnam 9,693,541 38,619,137 Pakistan 23,699,070 120,862,000 TOTAL NOK ASIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST 238,537,526 891,679,567 asia 2015 asia 2011-2015 latin america 2015 2015 latin america 2011-2015 Thailand Vietnam Regional South 0,85 % 4,06 % East Asia Regional 0,33 % Middle East Syria 2,99 % 9,15 % Afghanistan 24,57 % Philippines Palestine Myanmar 1,49 % 8,45 % 6,71 % Pakistan asia 2015 asia 2011-2015 9,94 % Iraq India latin america 2015 latin america 2011-2015 Nepal 9,65 % 1,71 % Thailand 10,66 % 2011-2015 1,30 % Vietnam Sri Lanka 4,33 % Regional South 0,15 % East Asia Syria 0,82 % Lebanon Laos 7,57 % Afghanistan 4,53 % 4,92 % Regional 27,72 % Middle East Palestine 3,46 % 13,69% Philippines Pakistan Bangladesh 1,87 % 13,55 % 0,72 %

Myanmar 8,93% India 2,24 % Nepal Lebanon Laos Iraq 2,92 % 1,21 % 6,11 % 3,40 %

22 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 2.2

Laos and Vietnam progressing according to plan. NCA is and violence increased the needs for protection. NCA expected to complete these processes in 2017 and 2018 and partners continued to respond to the humani- respectively. The small programme in India continued to tarian needs in Gaza and advocate for allowing building be followed up by Head Office. materials to enter Gaza as well as ending the blockade. The severe crisis in Syria worsened during the year, NCA sustained its focus on mobilising religious actors and NCA continued our humanitarian Water, Sanitation for peaceful coexistence in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and Hygiene (WASH) response for the internally where periodic violent attacks continued. In Myanmar displaced persons (IDP) and the Syrian refugees and host the general elections paved the way for a transition to a communities in Lebanon. NCA also provided humani- civilian government following decades of military rule. tarian WASH assistance to IDPs in camps in Northern In this changing and conflictual context, NCA’s support Iraq. Due to the increasing need for NCA’s humani- to civil society actors and FBOs was of significant tarian interventions in the region, the management importance. of these programmes was moved from NCA’s office NCA’s programme in the Middle East and Asia is in Jerusalem to a new regional programme office in implemented against a backdrop of high political Amman, Jordan. NCA continued to respond to the 2014 instability, enormous humanitarian needs and human devastating Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines together rights violations. NCA’s added value in this context is to with local and international ACT members, and the 2015 strengthen civil society, advocate for an end to harmful earthquake in Nepal through ACT sister organisations practices, empower marginalised groups and provide and their local partners. See Chapter 4, Humanitarian humanitarian support. This is demonstrated in the Assistance, for details on these responses. cases below. Tensions between Palestine and Israel rose in 2015,

A hygiene kit distribution in Qandiya IDP camp, Northern Iraq. Photo: Norwegian Church Aid

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 23 PAKISTAN: NCA uses an innovative model of cooperation to reduce GBV

Awareness Campaign for “Prevent and end Violence against Women and Girls and Protection of Women’s Legal and Religious Rights”. NCA Pakistan partner Khwendo Kor in collaboration with youth groups, Mansehra district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Photo: Asma Sahar/Norwegian Church Aid

NCA has built good relations with the European Commission in Pakistan, and their interest in NCA and its GBV programme has resulted in two recent grants. In 2015 NCA facilitated the start-up of an innovative community model addressing and preventing GBV, forced and early marriages and denial of inheritance. The innovative component is the fact that NCA has brought faith leaders, civil society actors and public stakeholders together for sharing and interacting on sensitive issues related to GBV, and not least for joint action to combat the issue. The bridging role that NCA played is a key element to reducing the gap and mistrust, which often exists between the sectors. Muslim, Hindu and Christian faith leaders have joined local men and women, as well as volunteer human rights defenders and collaborated with journalists, government officials, health workers, police, marriage regis- trars and land revenue officers. The results from this cooperation have been impressive. Community groups have actively raised awareness to prevent domestic violence and more than 200 religious leaders and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) have been encouraged to use their own institutions and platforms to support survivors of GBV. In one district, religious leaders decided on an action plan to regularly include women’s rights in sermons and prayers, and to discuss women’s rights to inheritance before marriage ceremonies. Other significant milestones resulting from the project to date include more girls continuing their education beyond puberty; women and men increasingly sharing concerns and talking about sensitive issues; and men and boys trained in positive masculinity acting as role models and preventing forced and early marriages. NCA’s effort to engage men and boys was showcased at an international symposium. As a result of this, the article “Keeping the Faith: Moving towards Gender Justice through Religious Institutions” appeared in the 2015 Women’s UN Report Network (WUNRN) publication Windows to working with men and boys4.

4 http://www.wunrn.com/2016/02/windows-to-working-with-men-boys-challenging-masculinities-creating-alternate-realities/

24 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 LAOS: NCA facilitates inclusion of indigenous knowledge in school curriculums

Geography, gender and ethnicity are key social markers in Laos with non-Lao ethnic children, such as the Akha and Lahu, living in remote areas with limited access to education and other key life skills. This curtails opportunities for social advancement and increases the risk of exposure to violence and human trafficking. These risks are amplified for young girls compared to their male counterparts. NCA has responded to this situation since 2006 through the Empowerment of Ethnic Minority Children Project with a goal to establish safe, inclusive and quality education for Akha and Lahu children in the remote areas of Luang Namtha Province. NCA’s role in the project has stretched from donor liaison and grants manager, to implementing agency in cooperation with local government authorities, local schools and the communities themselves. Due to limited space for local civil society in Laos, NCA has a proven track record in implementing projects through this model. They took this experience into the project, along with a trusting relationship with local authorities and a decade of working with Akha and Lahu communities. A 2015 evaluation documented impressive results from the pioneering project, including those attributable to NCA’s added value. Whilst the Lao language remains the sole language for education in Laos, a part of the curriculum is dedicated to indigenous knowledge. The challenge has been the local education authorities’ capacity to fill this with content and in turn make attending school for attractive for the local indigenous children. This challenge has been addressed through the NCA project. In 2015 there were 92 Indigenous Knowledge (IK) teachers working in the target schools, 35 of which are female. These are older community members who have knowledge in areas such as traditional medicine, weaving and crafts. NCA has provided these teachers with a platform to share their skills and knowledge through their role in the schools and through linking them to other IK teachers and local authorities. This has meant they are increasingly recognised and appreciated by the younger generations and local government authorities - the majority of which belong to the majority ethnic Lao population. Participatory planning approaches used by NCA in the project have also shed light on unused strengths in IK of the community and has meant that community members have been empowered to exchange their views and lead the planning process for the third phase of the project. Teachers and principals also have better knowledge of IK and are trained in management and multi-grade teaching. Whilst there were few schools in the project areas a decade ago, the mountainous project area is now populated with 28 primary schools, two secondary schools and nine pre-schools. As NCA phases out its programme in Laos, it has committed to ensuring the continuation of these results through supporting the project team in establishing a local NGO and providing ongoing project funding.

Houitoukao primary school (Long District, Luang Namtha Province). Photo: Marcel Giger/Norwegian Church Aid

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 25 u CHAPTER 2.3

THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 2.3 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

In 2015, NCA had a presence and worked in the following countries in Latin

BRAZIL America and the Caribbean: Cuba, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guatemala and Haiti.

africa 2011-2015 europe 2015 europe 2011-2015 africa 2015

NCA’s presence and added value in the region Caribbean, NCA’s added value is connected to both our Country offices in Haiti and Guatemala continued to long history of partnerships with local organisations in manage their national programmes, while programmes countries where many NGOs come and go, and the ACT in Cuba and the Dominican Republic were managed Alliance collaboration in a context where churches and from the Haiti office in 2015. The Brazil programme other religious institutions are deeply rooted in society. continued to be followed up from Head Office in Oslo, In 2015 NCA made a significant contribution in Brazil and this will continue until the programme is fully under the programme Resources and Finance, which is africa 2011-2015 europe 2015 europe 2011-2015 africa 2015 phased out in 2016. In both Latin America and the demonstrated through the case below.

Total expenditure per country/region 2015 and 2011-2015

COUNTY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 COUNTY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 Brazil 9,767,167 60,026,518 Guatamala 8,668,754 38,569,962 Cuba 566,036 2,899,048 Haiti 16,943,047 129,719,255 Dominican Republic 1,987,428 9,746,863 Nicaragua 4,191,311 El Salvador 540,000 Regional Latin America 4,191,559 20,812,394 TOTAL NOK LATIN AMERICA 42,123,990 266,505,350 asia 2015 asia 2011-2015 2015 latin america 2015 latin america 2011-2015

Regional Latin America 9,95 %

Brazil 23,19 % Cuba 1,34 % Haiti asia 2015 asia 2011-2015 40,22latin %america 2015Guatemala Dominican latin america 2011-2015 20,58 % Republic 2011-2015 4,72 % Regional Latin America Nicaragua 7,81 % 1,57 % Brazil Cuba 22,52 % 1,09 %

Dominican Haiti Guatemala Republic 48,67 % 14,47 % 3,66 %

El Salvador 0,20 %

26 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 Veillard Guerlenson (left) and Emile Mydvensky refresh themselves on a hot day at the water point installed at their school in Leogane through the Green School Program, Haiti. Photo: Dan Alder/Norwegian Church Aid

BRAZIL: NCA pivotal in establishing a national watchdog on mining

NCA’s long-term presence in Brazil and the expertise built up during those years are essential components of NCA’s added value in the country. This can be exemplified through NCA’s role in the founding and development of the National Committee in Defence of Territories Against Mining. Brazil is one of the biggest players in the global mining industry, with extraction of minerals such as manganese, iron, bauxite and niobium. Despite its importance to the country’s economy, the industry has caused both social and environmental problems, especially for those living in areas close to the mines. NCA and partners (Inesc, ISA, Ibase, IEB and FASE) developed a Resources and Finance programme focused on improving the social and environmental conditions for communities affected by the industry. Organising the partners into a national network to be able to lead a public debate around the social and environmental impacts of mining in Brazil was determined as the best means to reach this goal. What started as a network became a formal structure known as the National Committee in Defence of Territories against Mining in 2013. By 2015 it was a well-established and functioning advocacy platform representing 140 organisations, with the Bishops Conference of the Catholic Church in Brazil playing an important role as the Secretariat. One of its key results from the reporting period was increased visibility and political leverage, mainly due to the mining disaster in Mariana, Minas Gerais. The committee attracted both national and international attention to the disaster using international media outlets and multi-media channels. A further result was its advocacy work related to the development of the legal framework for the mining sector. Representatives from the committee were invited the federal government, through the Civil Cabinet of the Presidency, to present alternative amendments to the bill of law of the new mining code. During political negotiations between federal deputies responsible for the bill, several of the amendments drafted by the committee were included in the report that will serve as the basis for the new mining code. Between 2013 and 2015 NCA has played a pivotal role in establishing the committee, the most important of which has been linking NGOs, faith-based organisations, labour unions, researchers and people affected by mining at the local level. One of the main challenges was to overcome differences between these different actors stemming from their diverse profiles. NCA also provided financial support to the network in its infancy when other stakeholders did not have the same level of faith in its potential. To ensure sustainability beyond NCA’s presence in Brazil, NCA has secured support to the committee from other funding sources. NCA has also connected the committee with other international networks, such as the Alternative Mining Indaba (See chapter 5, Resources and Finance, for more details), and supported the translation of articles relevant for international media.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 27 u CHAPTER 2.4

2.4 EUROPE

RUSSIA

In 2015, NCA provided strategic project support in the following countries in Europe:

ROMANIA Armenia, Romania and Russia. In addition, humanitarian response programmes SERBIA were implemented in Armenia, Greece, Macedonia and Serbia. MACEDONIA GREECE

SYRIA Northern Iraq LEBANON IRAQ ISRAEL PALESTINE JORDAN NEPAL

BANGLADESH

MYANMAR

NCA’s presence and added value in the region to this humanitarian response, NCA has continued PHILIPPINES The most significant change to NCA’s presence in this its long-term programmes in Romania, Russia and

region in 2015 came as a result of the greatest influx Armenia in 2015. SRI LANKA of people seeking refuge in Europe since 1945. NCA As 2015 was the last year of NCA’s country responded through local partners in Greece, Armenia, programme in Armenia, NCA focused resources on Macedonia and Serbia, providing asylum seekers and capacity building of our partner’s fundraising capacity. refugees with needed services. Most of the refugees Since the beginning of the programme in Romania in came from conflict-affected countries such as Syria, 2014, NCA’s partner has worked to empower Roma Afghanistan and Iraq, but other nationalities were also communities to gain sustainable livelihoods, and to represented. See Chapter 4.1, Improved Response access education and dignified living conditions. In 2015 Capacity, for details of NCA’s response. In addition job opportunities were created for Roma people, gener-

Total expenditure per country/region 2015 and 2011-2015

COUNTRY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 COUNTRY/REGION 2015 2011-2015 Armenia 563,382 4,291,925 Regional Europe 20,225 442,090 Greece 500,000 500,000 Romania 1,787,491 2,613,491 Kosovo 1,162,000 Russia 339,006 1,379,006 Macedonia 1,000,000 1,357,143 Serbia 4,983,261 10,497,981 TOTAL NOK EUROPE 9,193,365 22,243,636 africa 2011-2015 europe 2015 europe 2011-2015 africa 2015

2015 Armenia 6,13 % Greece 5,44 % Macedonia 10,88% Regional Europe africa 2011-2015 Serbiaeurope 2015 europe 2011-2015 africa 2015 0,22 % 54,20 % Romania 2011-2015 19,44 %

Armenia Greece 19,30 % Russia 2,25 % Serbia 3,69 % Kosovo 47,20 % 5,22 % Romania Macedonia 11,75 % 6,10 % asia 2015 asia 2011-2015 latin america 2015 latin america 2011-2015 Regional Europe 1,99 %

Russia 6,20 %

asia 2015 asia 2011-2015 28 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 latin america 2015 latin america 2011-2015 u CHAPTER 2.4

NCA’s partner in Romania Fundatia Umanitara, RUSSIA provides Romani children living in makeshift hous- ing outside Roman, Romania, with evening meals and eduction. Photo: Aina Johnsen Rønning/Norwegian Church ROMANIA SERBIA Aid

MACEDONIA GREECE

SYRIA Northern Iraq LEBANON IRAQ ISRAEL PALESTINE JORDAN NEPAL

BANGLADESH

MYANMAR

PHILIPPINES

SRI LANKA ating increased income for the targeted families. NCA continued to support the Russian Orthodox Church’s HIV and AIDS and domestic violence programmes in 2015. The domestic violence programme works with clergy, social workers, volunteers and health personnel to address structural issues related to domestic violence, in addition to changing behav- iours and attitudes related to this issue. The palliative care service provided to HIV patients strengthened the engagement of civil society and governmental actors in order to achieve a more holistic approach to people living with HIV.

David Ionut Iordan is a first grader and happy for the opportunity to go to school. His mother is dead, he does not know his father and he lives with his grandparents. Photo: Aina Johnsen Rønning/Norwegian Church Aid

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 29 u CHAPTER 2.5

2.5 SECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT

Throughout 2015, NCA maintained an emphasis on Despite the pressing security situation in Northern improving Security Risk Management (SRM) at country Iraq, NCA was able to quickly respond to the need to and global levels. Institutional oversight and managerial expand operations into newly liberated areas, such as in control was improved during the spring of 2015, as SRM Sinjar Mountain. Due to a robust security management, briefs became part of the established routines for both NCA was able to do this in a responsible and sustainable NCA’s Senior Management Team and the NCA Board of way, with a minimised risk of being exposed to Directors. undesirable security incidents that would temporarily In line with the NCA’s new Global Strategy, global or permanently affect programme implementation. SRM principles were revised to include a Global Security Security incident reporting has increased in 2015 Risk Acceptance Threshold and a global SRM standard compared to previous years, due to the introduction for Duty of Care. These are important tools for line of new security reporting routines. These routines managers to ensure that security risks are managed aim to establish a more thorough overview of security according to global requirements. Induction in these incidents, which will in turn enable improved organisa- principles was included in NCA’s regional management tional learning and interaction between the Head Office workshops held in late 2015. and the country offices on security related issues. Quality assurance Head Office support to the country offices through and oversight was security support visits were slightly restricted by further strengthened financial constrains during the latter part of 2015. by the development Despite this, NCA offices with particular contextual of an NCA Security security challenges; namely Pakistan, Sudan/Darfur, Risk Management Somalia and Burundi, were visited and audited by Guideline, which the team. These visits have resulted in a qualitative includes clear improvement in country management processes, standards and formats including increased security awareness and improved for SRM documen- understanding and implementation of global guidelines tation required from and requirements. GUIDELINE SECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT country offices.As a measure of cost effectiveness, the security team PRINCIPLES, THEORY AND TOOLS NCA offices have as opened up for participation from like-minded NGOs a result produced to NCA Personal Security Trainings. This has allowed more concise and NCA to continue to offer a high-quality product for analytical security both internal and external participants, and courses documentation. The have benefited by cross fertilisation of ideas between new requirement for NCA offices to include security in a more diverse group of participants. This training is a annual budgets has enhanced their capacity for security requirement for NCA personnel travelling to medium planning, increased their levels of trained security and high-risk areas, and important in ensuring staff manpower, and ensured that security equipment such awareness of security risks and securing their informed as satellite phones and alarm buttons are available at consent to expose themselves to risks through their the relevant locations. work with NCA.

Safety course for NCA employees including realistic exercises like kidnapping and other threat situations. Photo: Arne Grieg Riisnæs/ Norwegian Church Aid

30 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 Stay on the road! Sudan. Photo: Norwegian Church Aid

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 31 u CHAPTER 3

NCA’s solar power project trains barefoot engineers like this man to repair solar power systems installed as part of the project, Sharestan, Daikundi Province, Afghanistan. Photo: Jim Holmes/Norwegian Church Aid

3. GLOBAL PROGRAMMES FOR INCREASED QUALITY

32 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 3

NCA’S GLOBAL STRATEGY (2011-2015) HAS 5 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES: • Right to Peace and Security • Climate Justice • Gender Justice • Right to Water and Health • Economic Justice

In NCA’s international cooperation, these strategic itate the advancement of skills and expertise amongst priorities were further defined in twelve concrete global NCA staff and to improve the quality of the accompa- programmes (ref. figure below). The concept of global niment provided to partners. Communities of Practice programme was introduced to increase programme (CoPs), consisting of country office programme staff quality, achieve better results for rights-holders and and Head Office thematic advisors, were established improve documentation and reporting on results at under each strategic priority as a tool for programme country and global levels. Each global programme was development and learning. comprised of a group of programmes at the country level. This chapter presents selected results from the 12 To strengthen the quality of the global programmes, global programmes, along with an assessment of the each country was asked to select a maximumGLOBAL STRATEGYof three achievement2011-2015 of global programme outcomes in 2015 - the strategic priorities and five global programmes for the final year of the strategic period. period. Thematic concentration was prioritised to facil-

TOGETHER FOR A JUST WORLD Empowering the poor and challenging the privileged

Emergency response, long-term development and advocacy AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

THE RIGHT GENDER ECONOMIC CLIMATE THE RIGHT TO PEACE AND JUSTICE JUSTICE JUSTICE TO WATER AND SECURITY HEALTH

Women, Gender-based Livelihood Climate Social peace and violence and trade change mitigation of security mitigation HIV and AIDS

Community Women in Resources Climate Access to violence governance and change quality and small arms finance adaptation health care control

Faith Water, communities sanitation and Action by Churches Together and hygiene peacebuilding BUILDING ALLIANCE WITH FAITH-BASED ACTORS AND PARTNERS

This matrix illustrates our vision and the totality of our work, including how we work, what we work with and with whom.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 33 u CHAPTER 3

WORLD OF NCA’S SELECTED RESULTS IN 2015 – ALL GLOBAL 12 PROGRAMMES

Community RUSSIA violence and small arms control HAITI 1,631 boys and 1,371 girls (3,002 pupils) participated in MISSEH’s “Education for peace and tolerance” programme within 8 schools. ROMANIA School principals reported a 31% decrease SERBIA from one quarter to another in complaints MACEDONIA from students about violent behaviour among GREECE peers. SYRIA Northern Iraq LEBANON

ISRAEL PALESTINE JORDAN NEPAL

WESTERN SAHARA MYANMAR THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC SUDAN ERITREA Darfur

SOUTH ETHIOPIA Women in SUDAN Governance

MALI 2,247 women from North Mali were DR CONGO represented in local governance structures. They received capacity building from partner organisations in the areas of leadership and advocacy, which allowed them to play a role in various committees. BRAZIL

ZIMBABWE NAMIBIA Climate change MOZAMBIQUE adaptation BOTSWANA

ETHIOPIA Managing natural resources SOUTH sustainably has increased the AFRICA resilience of 6,000 people living in rural communities to climate change.

Livelihood and Trade

MYANMAR 3,760 women and 2,834 men were organised into groups and actively improved their livelihoods.

34 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 WORLD OF NCA’S SELECTED RESULTS IN 2015 – ALL GLOBAL 12 PROGRAMMES

Faith Access to communities quality and health care peacebuilding PALESTINE SUDAN Ecumenical Accompaniment Programme in Palestine 304,531 internally displaced Climate and Israel (EAPPI) provided permanent protective people were reached with change presence in six locations in the West Bank and East emergency health services in mitigation Jerusalem in 2015. The programme covered around Darfur,RUSSIA while 75,679 people AFGHANISTAN 120 Palestinian communities that faced settler were reached with health Hydropower and solar provided violence, access issues and displacement. EAPPI interventions as part of renewable energy to 12,000 people reported 211 incidents of violence and violations of development activities in other in remote communities. International Humanitarian Law to the UN and other parts of Sudan. relevant organisations that contributed to address the situation politically. ROMANIA SERBIA

MACEDONIA Water, GREECE sanitation and hygiene SYRIA Northern Iraq LEBANON PAKISTAN NCA Pakistan delivered water ISRAEL to 30,976 people (14,868 men PALESTINE JORDAN NEPAL and 16,108 women) through its long-term development water WESTERN SAHARA projects. MYANMAR THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC SUDAN ERITREA Darfur

SOUTH ETHIOPIA SUDAN

DR CONGO

Women, peace and BRAZIL security SOMALIA 1,000 rights-holders (880 women and ZIMBABWE NAMIBIA 120 girls) received solar lamps to help improve their protection environment BOTSWANA MOZAMBIQUE in their dwelling places in IDP camps given the risk of exposure to sexual violence. SOUTH AFRICA

Gender-based Social violence mitigation Resources of HIV and and AIDS finance DRC ANGOLA SOUTH AFRICA 372 community facilitators were NCA partner IEBA trained 25 rights-holders from mining trained on the Tamar campaign, which 280 religious leaders to communities and civil society is based on the story of Tamar in the provide spiritual support to organisations sat face to face bible. This contextual Bible study people infected and affected for the first time with 25 senior shows how Tamar broke the silence by HIV and AIDS through representatives from mining and spoke out about the rape by her their “Chaplain community companies to dialogue under half-brother. 13,050 men and women services”. the Alternative Mining Indaba in were sensitised and 299 local action February. plans on preventing and responding to GBV were developed.

5 Includes group 54 present from Oct. 2014-Jan. 2015 and group 59 present from Dec. 2015-Mar. 2016.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 35 GLOBAL STRATEGY 2011-2015

TOGETHER FOR A JUST WORLD Empowering the poor and challenging the privileged

Emergency response, long-term development and advocacy AN INTEGRATED APPROACH u CHAPTER 3.1

THE RIGHT GENDER ECONOMIC CLIMATE THE RIGHT TO PEACE AND JUSTICE JUSTICE JUSTICE TO WATER AND SECURITY HEALTH

Women, Gender-based Livelihood Climate Social peace and violence and trade change mitigation of security mitigation HIV and AIDS

Community Women in Resources Climate Access to violence governance and change quality and small arms finance adaptation health care control

Faith Water, communities sanitation and Action by Churches Together and hygiene peacebuilding BUILDING ALLIANCE WITH FAITH-BASED ACTORS AND PARTNERS

This matrix illustrates our vision and the totality of our work, including how we work, what we work with and with whom. 3.1 THE RIGHT TO PEACE AND SECURITY

• WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY • COMMUNITY VIOLENCE AND SMALL ARMS CONTROL • FAITH COMMUNITIES AND PEACEBUILDING

36 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 3.1

WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY

Overall goal: Women and girls are protected6 against gender-based violence (GBV) in conflict situations, and participate actively in peacebuilding initiatives

Summary of main achievements compared to overall goal NCA has provided direct support to almost 7,200 GBV survivors in 2015, and contributed to increased participation of women in local level peacebuilding in target areas. The majority of survivors who received support report feeling safer in their home or better able to deal with trauma as a result of the support received. The NCA’s Women, Peace and Security programme was implemented in the following countries in 2015; Afghanistan, Burundi, DR Congo, Palestine, Somalia.

STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY and develop their own advocacy strategies around the issues identified. NCA has increased the capacity of local NCA strengthen partners’ capacity to address local civil society through continuous training of partners in authorities on UNSCR 1325 how to facilitate women’s reflection on their rights and United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) needs through REFLECT groups7, and on how to facil- 1325 on Women, Peace and Security obliges all UN itate dialogue sessions with local authorities. Over the Member States to prevent and protect women against last years, NCA and partners have raised awareness GBV and to promote the participation of women at all about GBV among duty bearers, ranging from police and levels in peace processes, as well as in peacebuilding law officers to local administrative and religious leaders, and in conflict prevention. In Burundi, obstacles to inviting them to dialogue sessions with the women and women’s participation in peacebuilding includes their implementing actions to protect women and increase limited role in day-to-day decision making, prevailing their participation in decision-making structures. In attitudes that permit GBV, and duty-bearers’ lack of 2015, after having participated in dialogue sessions, 52 knowledge or commitment to address these issues. key leaders have committed themselves to implement In an effort to address these barriers, NCA has been at least one recommendation to reduce GBV. This repre- coaching women on advocacy using an evidence-based sents 86.5% of all duty bearers who participated in NCA approach, where women themselves identify their needs and partner-facilitated dialogue.

Women in a REFLECT group. Mutara, Burundi. Photo: Violette Mukarushema/ Norwegian Church Aid, Burundi

6 According to ACT Humanitarian Policy, protection activities can be responsive, remedial or environment building. Responsive action is immediate action to stop or prevent abuse or its recurrence and/or alleviating immediate effects. Remedial action is assisting people to recover from the effects of abuse and avoid secondary abuses. 7 REFLECT is a participatory education programme whereby rights-holders learn, through literacy and numeracy training, about their rights and responsibilities, how to identify their problems and discuss possible solutions. Participants who form REFLECT “circles” are empowered to dialogue with duty bearers in an effort to claim their rights.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 37 u CHAPTER 3.1

SELECTED RESULTS

AFGHANISTAN: Women recognised as peace actors by male-dominated peace councils

WHY: Women in Afghanistan have generally little access to provincial and national peace processes in conflict areas, meaning their concerns are seldom heard.

WHAT: Strengthening the capacity of women in peace committees at community and district levels, while at the same time engaging provincial and national authorities on the role of women in peacebuilding with the dissemination of UNSCR 1325.

RESULTS: Increased participation of women in provincial and national peace processes in conflict areas.

The programme promoted women’s participation High Peace Council (HPC), Afghanistan National in peace processes through the establishment Independent Peace and Reconciliation Commission of community and district-level women’s peace and Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MoWA) in Kabul. committees/Shuras (DWPS) in a society that does not The group also met separately with a former Taliban provide women with a role to play in peacebuilding official. The authorities were appreciative of the work processes and largely ignores their participation in NCA and its partners have been doing to assist women broader society. In 2015, the membership of nine to engage in peace processes. The HPC acknowledged established DWPS, increased by 57 new members the importance women have played in Islamic history (from 245 to 302). The women received training in and promised to support the women’s peace initia- peacebuilding, conflict resolution, communication, tives in Faryab. During the meeting with the MoWA, and advocacy. The pre- and post-training question- DWPS members presented their specific recommen- naires showed significant increase in knowledge and dations and suggestions for cooperation between the understanding by the new members. In the reporting MoWA and DWPS. The MoWA showed their willingness period, the members of the DWPS developed 40 to explore synergies between DWPS initiatives and local action plans on UNSCR 1325 implemen- formal peace structures. The Afghanistan Peace and tation in addition to solving 45 family conflicts and Reconciliation Commission leadership was pleased to 40 community-level conflicts over issues such as be connected with the DWPS and affirmed that: “We irrigation water, land disputes, pasture grazing have representations in only 10 provinces of Afghan- rights, and inter-tribal conflicts. A key initiative was istan, and Faryab is not one of them. Therefore, we can to connect DWPS at community and district levels support each other while solving conflicts and dealing with provincial and national level formal and informal with issues of involving women in peace processes.” peace structures as well as national authorities. Because of such high-level recognition, the women are Such a visit took place in December 2015, when a further motivated to work with and participate in peace- group of women representing the DWPS from seven building processes. On a similar note, for the first time districts in Faryab met with senior officials of the ever, women from a district in Daikundi were able to meet provincial authorities and discuss their challenges with them. With NCA’s active support, the DWPS advocated for women’s inclusion in Provincial Peace Councils (PPC) and as a result the governor of the province promised to appoint two female members from a DWPS to the PPC, which did not yet have female representation.

A group of women representing the DWPS from seven districts in Faryab met with senior officials of the High Peace Council (HPC), Afghanistan National Independent Peace and Reconciliation Commission and Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MoWA) in Kabul. Photo: Muzhgan Jalal/Norwegian Church Aid

38 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Congolese women exposed to sexual violence receive better care

WHY: Women who have been sexually violated are often left to care for themselves. Dominant social norms and attitudes promote violence, while the prevalence of rape and sexual violence increases during conflict and is used as a weapon of war.

WHAT: Further training of 86 health workers in psychosocial care of trauma survivors and of 250 community health workers in mental health care and support. Two transit centres in Goma and Bukavu provide medical assistance to women and girls with fistula as a consequence of brutal rapes.

RESULTS: 964 survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) (including 40 men) received access to appropriate health care, psychosocial support, legal assistance and safety, in addition to mental health care, literacy and vocational skills training. Provision of psychological care for survivors of trauma strengthened.

DRC has experienced a series of conflicts over recent were influential in their communities. This was an years and as a result many people have been exposed important step as mental health issues are often viewed to sexual violence and other types of human rights as spiritual problems, such as demon possession. As a violations. Following the recommendations of a 2015 result of this training, 30% of health centres now have evaluation of NCA’s mental health programme in DRC, at least two staff members who have passed the test in more systematic training of healthcare providers on the first response care to trauma survivors. In 2016, a new psychosocial support they offer trauma survivors has group of community health workers will be trained in been provided. More specifically, from 2015 a second new target areas. community health worker will be trained in each target Other key results from the programme in 2015 health zone to ensure the sustainability of the service include an increasing number of women working they offer. Two-hundred and fifty of these workers were together with local authorities to create change in their trained in 2015 in: 1) How to identify survivors in the communities, particularly in relation to GBV and mental community and refer them to the mental health services, health issues. This comes after voicing their concerns 2) How to raise community awareness and under- to the authorities during community dialogue meetings. standing of mental health issues and 3) Community care Survivors have gained the self-confidence and the skills and treatment of survivors using techniques such as to speak in front of large groups through participation group therapy. in the programme’s literacy-based empowerment Religious leaders and practitioners of traditional initiative. NCA also supported the Provincial Health medicine were included in the training for community Inspection agency to monitor health workers and the health workers, as the evaluation showed that they mental health programmes in 13 health zones.

Dorcas House in DR Congo, a rehabilitation centre for women who have been victims of sexual violence. Photo: Lucian Muntean/ Norwegian Church Aid

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 39 u CHAPTER 3.1

DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

In 2015 NCA saw deviations in its programmes in Sudan of women and women’s associations at the grassroots; and Somalia. In Sudan, restrictions from the government capacity building of duty bearers; and facilitation of made it impossible to implement the programme as dialogue between women and respective duty bearers. In planned. Whilst progress was made in Somalia, work 2015, two developments in the programme were evident. to encourage women’s participation in peacebuilding First, economic empowerment has been increasingly and influence duty bearers to implement UNSCR 1325 emphasised and is now bearing fruit. Secondly, initia- was limited in scope and few higher level results were tives were carried out both in Burundi and Afghanistan documented. to link local and province level achievements more Throughout the 2011-2015 strategy NCA has achieved strongly to the national level. While promising, these increasingly better results as regards to women’s initiatives will need to be closely followed up in NCA’s participation in local peacebuilding. A combination of new strategy. interventions was key to this success: empowerment

RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY

OUTCOME 1: Women have participated in peacebuilding processes at local and national level

Achieved in Afghanistan, while not fully achieved in Sudan and Somalia. NCA contributed to build women’s capacity to participate in peacebuilding processes in all contexts.

OUTCOME 2: Women and girls are empowered and mobilised to claim their rights to protection and participation

Achieved in Burundi and DRC through a combination of support to women’s associations, literacy and numeracy training fused with civic empowerment, support to income generating activities and facilitation of dialogue with relevant authorities, mostly at local level.

OUTCOME 3: Duty bearers have been influenced to implement UNSCR 1325 and related resolutions

Achieved in Burundi and DRC, while not fully achieved in Somalia and Sudan. In most countries results have been obtained through capacity building of authorities and security forces, combined with support for dialogue, public advocacy from rights-holders, faith-based actors and women’s organisations on the issues most relevant in each context.

OUTCOME 4: Women and girls in humanitarian and conflict situations are protected against GBV

Achieved in Somalia, where the environment for protection of women and girls in IDP camps improved as a result of sensitisation, continued use of patrol groups and referral systems for GBV survivors in combination with provision of solar lamps for lighting in unsafe areas.

OUTCOME 5: Rights-holders have been provided with psychosocial, medical, legal and other assistance

Achieved in DRC, Burundi, and Somalia through holistic and direct support to GBV survivors (legal, medical, psychosocial and/or shelter).

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

40 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 COMMUNITY VIOLENCE AND SMALL ARMS CONTROL

Overall goal: reduction of violence and small arms proliferation in target communities.

Summary of main achievements compared to overall goal More than 25,600 rights-holders were involved in NCA interventions to reduce the level of community violence in 2015. NCA also established and strengthened local peace committees contributing to improved relations between ethnic groups, prevention of continued violence and enabling rights-holders to resume productive activities. NCA has also contributed to preventing at-risk youth from being (re)recruited into armed groups. The Community Violence and Small Arms Control programme was implemented in the following countries in 2015: Afghanistan, Brazil, Burundi, DR Congo, Haiti, Mali, and South Sudan.

STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY

NCA secures local ownership of advocacy platform on releases, information sharing on key binational issues, migration in Haiti and the Dominican Republic and the development of a contingency plan. Together 2015 proved to be a challenging year due to political and with CCHD, NCA helped validate the binational humani- social tensions arising in both Haiti and the Dominican tarian needs overview from UNOCHA and IOM. This was Republic. Following a court ruling in 2013 and the 2014 a good opportunity for the CSOs in Haiti to challenge the implementation of laws affecting migrants’ rights in Haitian government in a non-confrontational way on the the Dominican Republic, 55,551 people were deported migration issue. In fact, while other national NGOs and from the Dominican Republic and another 129,000 certain international agencies wanted to open camps on people were returned involuntary by their own means to the border, NCA’s partner Groupe d’Appui aux Rapatriés Haiti. The Haitian-Dominican Concertation Commission & Réfugiés (GARR) and CCHD member insisted that the (CCHD), a binational space for civil society aiming government develop a more sustainable response that at influencing decisions in Haiti and the Dominican would include the reintegration of deportees into their Republic related to migration, participated and provided communities. The response ultimately designed by the input at all meetings on the Haitian response plan for Haitian government included this particular point of assistance to returnees and repatriates. In the difficult view. context, CCHD with its civil society representation from both countries has a unique advantage to share experiences and cross-border collaboration that does not currently exist between the two governmental authorities on the island. A shared contingency plan was developed by CCHD to reduce the impact of deporta- tions and the so-called “voluntary returns” on communities. In the past, however, international NGOs have had a tendency to dominate the agenda and take the lead on questions concerning migrants and their rights on the island. While this is no longer the case, there was a concern in 2015, in light of the dispute between Haiti and the Dominican Republic, that international NGOs were again about to sidestep local actors. NCA actively lobbied other international NGOs, in close coordination with local partners, to ensure that the leadership of the CCHD remained with local actors. In the end, several of our local partners continued as leaders of this civil society space and were responsible for its coordination. NCA has played additional roles vis-à-vis CCHD and coordinates the planning of the binational quarterly José Alcantara from NCA’s partner SSID and community volunteer assembly, as well as following up joint action points. NCA Ramon Perez study a government list of people who are supposed to has also provided technical support to the platform for have their citizenship restored. Sabana Grande de Boya, the Domincan joint advocacy initiatives in both countries, such as press Republic. Photo: Dan Alder/Norwegian Church Aid

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 41 u CHAPTER 3.1

SELECTED RESULTS

SOUTH SUDAN: Peace committees revive inter-ethnic relationships and facilitate reconciliation

WHY: In light of the civil war, ethnic groups have acquired weapons and age-old grievances are resolved with violence.

WHAT: Following training from NCA, local peace committees intervened in the conflict together with government officials and found ways for the ethnic groups to restore their ways of resolving their disputes peacefully.

RESULTS: More than a thousand people participated in the peace dialogue and the ethnic groups found ways to resolve their disputes without resorting to weapons or violence.

The Didinga and Toposa ethnic groups have always with mediation, negotiation and conflict analysis enjoyed a bitter-sweet relationship. The two ethnic skills needed to manage the conflict between the groups face contrasting climate conditions, which two tribes. The peace dialogue that was initiated is a source of conflict for them. The Didinga people gathered more than 1,000 participants from the live along the Didinga Mountain, with constant rains region, and was attended by senior government providing lush grazing land and abundant water officials, representatives of other political parties, sources. This rich climate enables the Didinga to and commanders of the armed forces. The dialogue practice various economic activities such as farming ensured that the Kapoeta to Ngauro road remained and cattle rearing. They also engage in small-scale open, securing access to food and medicines for the gold mining. The Toposa area on the other hand, is a communities. This commitment to team up would be semi-arid region with very little rain and a severe dry unheard of, had it not been for the peace committees season. The Toposa are mainly cattle nomads, who collaborating with the government. Toposa leaders migrate to Didinga land for pasture and water for agreed to consult with the leaders and chiefs of their cattle during dry seasons. As one Didinga Chief Didinga before they bring their cattle for grazing describes it: “The Toposa are friendly, and readily in Didinga areas. The Didinga chiefs also agreed accept peace during dry seasons only…” The Didinga to share the grazing and water points with Toposa allegedly accuses the Toposa of stealing Didinga during the dry season. A joint resolution addressing cattle and of killing people. The Toposa on the other many accumulated issues of grievances was signed hand, accuse the Didinga of not only raiding cattle, by all parties involved. It should be noted that such but also abducting and killing Toposa children who discussions were the norm in the past, but with the they find either in the gardens or taking care of the social breakdown in light of civil wars and the acqui- calves. This has led to revenge killings, cattle raids, sition of arms and ammunition, force had become child abduction, reduced agricultural activities and a preferred method. Now, there is an awareness even blocking of the main road between the two and mobilisation of both communities to embrace areas. peace and return to their age-old traditional dispute Under the auspices of the Monyomiji Support mechanisms. Immediately after agreeing that the Group, NCA partner Catholic Diocese of Torit (CDOT) road should be reopened, both Didinga and Toposa trained local peace committees in both commu- chiefs immediately travelled together to Nguaro. nities. The purpose of the training was to equip them

42 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 BURUNDI: Youth associations limit election violence in fragile communities

WHY: Youth at risk of being recruited into violent political wings seldom have economic opportunities that would prevent them from engaging in violent activities.

WHAT: Youth associations provided young people with income generating activities, civic education and peacebuilding skills to prevent them from engaging in violence.

RESULT: Young people are now less likely to engage in violent activities and participated in violence prevention in their communities.

An NCA conflict analysis and needs assessment instead of paying for a cyclist. With that money, I showed that political conflicts were particularly would buy a chicken. At the end of 2014, I already prevalent in Kirundo and Bujumbura provinces had 50 chickens that I sold in Rwanda for 500,000 during the 2010 elections in Burundi. Perpetrators of Rwandan francs, equivalent to one million Burundi violence were often members of youth wings of the francs. With the help of the facilitator, I got a drivers political parties and economically disempowered. license, bought a motorcycle and became a motor- The general elections held again in 2015, resulted in cycle taxi driver. A couple of weeks ago, I bought a widespread violence in the country. However, in NCA car that I am using as a taxi. I have recently bought a target communities, violence was reported to be very piece of land in the centre of town and I plan to start limited. Young people reportedly decided to resist building a house this summer. I currently employ 10 political manipulation and were proactive in calming youth in my different income generating activities, tensions in their communities. We believe that NCA some in livestock rearing and farming, and one as a and partners contributed to this through supporting motorcycle driver. I not only give them jobs but I also local peace committees. They successfully mediated coach them on how they can overcome poverty.” no less than 2,500 conflicts during the election year, Ernest, who is very conscious of the fact that his a sharp increase from previous years. starting point was an association, is never absent In 2015, NCA also saw a need to start working from meetings and swears that he will never leave with youth-only peace committees in the capital the association. These mixed-gender youth associ- Bujumbura, which was the centre of the political ations have institutional structures and are regis- conflict. 282 youth association representatives and tered at the municipality level. They meet once or 35 local leaders contributed to limit election violence twice a week either for capacity building, an evalu- in violence prone communities, owing to new peace- ation meeting or to implement joint income gener- building skills gained through training provided. In ating activities. addition, a total of 1,360 youth (748 young women and 612 young men) received income-generating support from NCA partners. Organised into 49 already established groups, these young people received training in how to make business plans, carry out profit- ability studies, and do a market analysis. They were also trained in modern farming techniques and in financial literacy. Ernest Nkeza- bahizi (29) joined a youth association organised by one of NCA’s partners in late 2013. “I had one main objective: to make money and help other vulnerable youth”, Ernest recalls. “When I joined the association, I began thinking about everything that would help me secure income. Every time that I was invited to the training, I would save the 2.50 USD given as transportation Women during saving and loan session, Nyamabuye. allowance and go back home by foot Photo: Violette Mukarushema/Norwegian Church Aid, Burundi

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 43 u CHAPTER 3.1

DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

The opportunities to effectively influence duty bearers from Burundi, where peace committees played an in Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Burundi were important role in mediating local conflicts arising fewer than expected due to tensions at country level from the national level conflict. While these efforts or between the countries. The work addressing at-risk did not change the dynamics of the national level youth in Mali, South Sudan and Haiti remained small conflict, there are indications that they did reduce the in scope and gave limited results. These projects will impact of it on the local level. The same was seen in therefore be phased out or included in the economic Mali when national level conflict resurfaced in 2012-13. empowerment programme from 2016 and onwards. NCA-supported local peace committees were able to An important lesson learned from this programme adapt to the new situation and mediate both new and relates to the importance of having local structures pre-existing conflicts and contribute to reducing the for conflict transformation in place when large-scale impact of conflict on people’s lives. conflicts break out. This was seen in the 2015 case

RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* COMMUNITY VIOLENCE AND SMALL ARMS CONTROL

OUTCOME 1: Local capacities for peace are mobilised to prevent and transform destructive conflicts in local communities

Achieved in Burundi, Mali, Afghanistan and South Sudan, while not fully achieved in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The results were mainly achieved through building the capacity of local peace structures, which intervened in local level conflicts.

OUTCOME 2: Local communities are mobilised to build cultures of peace in their communities

Achieved in DRC, where youth organised a peace caravan in Goma during “Peace One Day” and participated in football matches with other members of the community. Partners have further implemented theatre activities and start-up accompaniment of youth village savings groups.

OUTCOME 3: Duty bearers are challenged to address key drivers of conflict

Good results achieved in Haiti, Burundi, DRC, Afghanistan, and South Sudan. However, both Burundi and Haiti faced challenges due to high tensions at national level, and the long-term impact of the work with duty-bearers in the different countries is still not clear.

OUTCOME 4: Duty bearers have been influenced to adopt and implement legislation and structures for control of small arms and light weapons

With the phasing-out of the programme in Brazil, no other countries were scheduled to report on this outcome.

OUTCOME 5: At-risk-youth have acquired skills to improve their income generation and employment opportunities

Achieved in Burundi, and DRC, while partially achieved in South Sudan, Haiti and Mali, largely through vocational training or income generating activities in combination with counselling and training in life skills and entrepreneurship.

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

44 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 FAITH COMMUNITIES AND PEACEBUILDING

Overall goal: Religious actors participate actively in peacebuilding processes contributing to socio-political changes in local and national contexts.

Summary of main achievements compared to overall goal Almost 7,000 female representatives were involved in peacebuilding initiatives supported by NCA in 2015. NCA also established and strengthened interfaith peacebuilding structures, which advocated for socio-political change and contributed to preventing and resolving conflicts. The Faith Communities and Peacebuilding programme was implemented in the following countries in 2015: Afghanistan, DR Congo, Haiti, Kenya, Myanmar, Pakistan, Somalia, Palestine, Sudan and South Sudan.

Group of youth visiting different religious institutions as a part of peacebuilding activity in Lahore, Pakistan. Photo: Hanna Mollan/Norwegian Church Aid STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY

NCA facilitates start-up of joint regional peacebuild- structures at national, regional and pan-African levels ing programme in Eastern Africa in 2015. NCA has had formal bilateral partnerships Through its three regional partners, namely the All with each of these organisations for many years. Africa Conference of Churches (AACC), the African However, they have never formally worked together. Council of Religious Leaders-Religions for Peace This changed in 2015, when NCA worked closely with (ACRL-RfP) and the Fellowship of Christian Councils the partners over a one-year period to develop a and Churches in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa new regional peacebuilding programme covering the (FECCLAHA), NCA has supported peace efforts Eastern Africa Region. Under the new programme, through ecumenical diplomacy (high level engagement it is anticipated that these organisations will work with institutions such as the AU, EAC, and ICGRL), closely together in partnership, ensuring synergies solidarity visits, fact finding missions and advocacy. and greater impact. NCA is hoping to foster a greater To support their peacebuilding work, NCA partners coordinated response by religious actors to peace continued to establish or strengthen peacebuilding challenges in the region.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 45 u CHAPTER 3.1

SELECTED RESULTS

PALESTINE: Communities protected from military and settler violence in the Holy Land

WHY: Violence and demolition of villages through the Israeli occupation leads to insecurity for Palestinian communities.

WHAT: An Israeli legal team representing more than 10,000 villagers intervened and protected communities through their presence.

RESULTS: The village of Susya was saved from demolition, and other villagers did not face expulsion from their lands.

In 2015, NCA partner Rabbis for Human Rights of Susiya, where 340 men, women and children (RHR) contributed to a reduction in military and reside, all of whom were threatened by demolition settler violence against Palestinian civilians in and forced transfer during the summer of 2015. vulnerable communities. Although full reduction of With RHR’s legal intervention and effective coordi- violence is not feasible until there is an end to the nation with other organisations providing protective military occupation, the work of RHR contributes presence, the expulsion was halted. Additionally, in to lessen the violence while holding the Israeli the Bethlehem region, RHR’s legal team continues authorities responsible to the rule of law. RHR’s to provide legal counsel to approximately 30 families legal interventions continued to have an often life- with privately owned agricultural land amounting to changing impact on the daily lives of the residents around 1,000 acres. RHR successfully brought 350 of the South Hebron Hills, Bethlehem and Hebron volunteers into the occupied territories to protect areas. Palestinian farmers face increasing land and assist Palestinian farmers during the 2015 appropriation threats from nearby settlements and autumn olive harvest. They also assisted close to outposts. They are routinely subjected to violence 40 Palestinian villages in the Northern West Bank and intimidation tactics from fundamental settlers either through fieldwork or through liaising with who attempt to take over their lands, and who the army during the olive harvest or other seasonal enjoy a great degree of impunity from the Israeli agricultural tasks. During the winter months of authorities. In 2015, RHR’s legal team continued to 2015, RHR donated 1,300 trees to the Palestinian represent 27 villages in the South Hebron Hills, each villages of Yassuf, Kusara, Jalud, Sinjil, Awarta, with a population of about 450 people and covering Burin, Yanoun and Farrata. around 1,750 acres of land. This includes the village

Susiya, Palestine. Photo: Leif Magne Helgesen/Norwegian Church Aid

46 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 PAKISTAN: Interfaith peace groups respond to violence between faith communities

WHY: Violence between majority and minority religious communities in Pakistan is commonplace.

WHAT: Community peace groups composed of a diversity of religious representatives promote peace through dialogue and legal assistance.

RESULTS: 70 young people were released from jail and community tensions were decreased after suicide attacks.

On March 15, suicide attacks on two churches in tensions between faith groups were being imple- Youhanabad, Lahore (Punjab) left 24 people dead mented, and partners continued to be active in their and almost one hundred injured. The attacks were communities through locally formed Community followed by mob violence killing two men mistaken Peace Groups (CPGs). With NCA’s support, 84 CPGs as militants, and days of riots and tensions between have been established in Pakistan since 2014. In 2015 the majority and minority communities followed. alone, these CPGs addressed and help de-escalate Soon after the attacks, NCA contacted and mobilised 17 religiously motivated conflicts. partners in Lahore and Islamabad to normalise the These CPGs have served as a common platform relations between Muslim and Christian commu- for interaction between majority and minority nities and prevent further losses. communities, many of them becoming reputable A key partner in this process was The World and trusted local structures serving as safety nets Council of Religions (WCR), a joint platform of for the protection of minority communities. This was the religious communities of Pakistan (Muslims, exemplified after the above-mentioned incidence of Christians, Hindus, Sikhs), which condemned the violence, when members of a CPG provided legal incidences of religious violence in Youhanabad. support to the youth who were arrested by the local WCR’s condemnation was published in leading police for alleged involvement in the violent response newspapers, reaching some 241,800 readers. to the attack on the churches. On the advice of NCA, Representatives from other NCA partner organisa- partners formed a committee to collect data on 70 tions were also active on private TV channels and youth, who had been arrested, in order to advocate on state television combating rumours and misconcep- their behalf and to provide them with legal support. tions with on-the-ground first hand accounts. Partners and local church and mosque leadership Prior to the incident, NCA maintained regular also lobbied government authorities, resulting in the follow up with partners to ensure that plans to reduce release of the youth.

NCA’s partner Diocese of Raiwind took a group of youth to visit different religious institutions as a part of peacebuilding activity in Lahore 2015. The purpose of this activity was to accept and celebrate religious diversity in Pakistan. Photo: Noman Sajjad/Norwegian Church Aid

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 47 DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

Limited space for civil society in Sudan blocked potential in peacebuilding. Peacebuilding efforts, where achievement of planned results, but progress was still high-profile religious leaders demonstrate interfaith seen. NCA Haiti phased out this programme in 2014. harmony and condemn violence and discrimination An overall lesson learnt continues to be that women’s against women and religious minorities, have a strong participation and influence in faith-based peacebuilding and important symbolic effect. It is equally crucial to is difficult to achieve and requires dedicated resources intervene and engage lower level religious leaders and a long-term approach. Increasing the use of and communities at the local level, and to impart with religious resources is seen as a way forward to address practical conflict transformation skills through gender, this challenge and to better fulfil faith-based actors’ faith and age community peace groups.

RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* FAITH COMMUNITIES AND PEACEBUILDING

OUTCOME 1: Faith actors have established interfaith structures for cooperation and peacebuilding Achieved in Kenya (Eastern Africa), and Pakistan, while not fully achieved in DRC, and Sudan. The focus under this outcome has been on establishing and strengthening sustainable interfaith structures as a first step to enable joint action from faith-based actors.

OUTCOME 2: Women are empowered to influence faith-based peacebuilding initiatives Achieved in Kenya (Eastern Africa) and Somalia, while not fully achieved in Myanmar. NCA has empowered women through capacity building in conflict transformation and UN’s women, peace and security resolutions, networking between women involved in faith-based peacebuilding, strengthening regional faith-based actors’ gender/women’s desks and supporting to women’s participation in mediation teams.

OUTCOME 3: Rights-holders are mobilised by faith actors to address driving factors of violent conflicts in their local communities Achieved in Kenya (Eastern Africa), DRC and Somalia largely through different types of sensitisation campaigns.

OUTCOME 4: Faith actors have accompanied local communities and minority groups to protect their right to peace and security Achieved in Pakistan, where different measures were taken to accompany minority groups, and in the Middle East where Palestinian communities were accompanied.

OUTCOME 5: Faith actors at local and national level have formed strategic alliances for peace advocacy Achieved in Kenya (Eastern Africa), Middle East and Pakistan through collaboration with key stakeholders in the given context.

OUTCOME 6: Faith actors have implemented peacebuilding interventions that address driving factors of violent conflicts Achieved in Somalia, the Middle East and Pakistan, addressing different conflict drivers in the various contexts, in line with conflict analysis and the capacity of the faith-actors involved.

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

48 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 GLOBAL STRATEGY 2011-2015

TOGETHER FOR A JUST WORLD Empowering the poor and challenging the privileged

Emergency response, long-term development and advocacy AN INTEGRATED APPROACH u CHAPTER 3.2

THE RIGHT GENDER ECONOMIC CLIMATE THE RIGHT TO PEACE AND JUSTICE JUSTICE JUSTICE TO WATER AND SECURITY HEALTH

Women, Gender-based Livelihood Climate Social peace and violence and trade change mitigation of security mitigation HIV and AIDS

Community Women in Resources Climate Access to violence governance and change quality and small arms finance adaptation health care control

Faith Water, communities sanitation and Action by Churches Together and hygiene peacebuilding BUILDING ALLIANCE WITH FAITH-BASED ACTORS AND PARTNERS

This matrix illustrates our vision and the totality of our work, including how we work, what we work with and with whom. 3.2 GENDER JUSTICE

• GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (GBV) • WOMEN IN GOVERNANCE (WIG)

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 49 u CHAPTER 3.2

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE8

Overall goal: Men and women are mobilised and act together to address harmful practices encouraging gender-based violence (GBV).

Summary of main achievements compared to overall goal In 2015, 918,060 rights-holders (504,495 women, and 382,495 men)9 gained knowledge about the right to live a life free from GBV. The programme achieved its goal by reducing various forms of GBV in the countries listed below. By challenging women and men to change social norms and practices that uphold GBV, even those forms not perceived as violence were addressed. Special efforts were taken to engage faith actors and religious leaders. The programme used multiple approaches and mobilised various stakeholders to break the silence around GBV, reduce stigmatisation, provide services to GBV survivors, empower girls and women, engage men to adopt positive masculinities, provide theological reflection tools, and advocate for law enforcement. A majority of NCA’s work takes place in conflict and post-conflict settings, where girls and women experience increased GBV and impunity. The expertise that NCA and partners have developed in combating this secured new grants for the programme in 2015. These include a new three-year framework agreement with the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) in DRC, including pilot projects in Somalia, South Sudan and Mali; an agreement with Norad for a new joint programme with the Norwegian women’s organisation FOKUS to strengthen the Civil National Police’s response for GBV survivors in Guatemala; along with new grants received from EuropeAid, the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs and UNFPA. The GBV programme was implemented in the following countries in 2015: Angola, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Haiti, Kenya, Laos, Malawi, Mali, Myanmar, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, South Africa and Tanzania.

STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY

Women’s organisations influence national legislation programme worked for the implementation of the on GBV Prevention of Anti-Women Practices ACT in three Despite the shrinking space for civil society, new laws districts to discourage CEFM and provide girls their on NGOs, and restrictions to work on human rights - right to inheritance. While the passing of the Trafficking programme partners were able to enter into dialogue in Persons Act, 2015 in Malawi was an important with government authorities at local and national level achievement, there are still major challenges ahead on women’s rights issues. in securing the rights of children who are trafficked. Empowerment of girls and women as rights- Alliances with women’s organisations, female lawyers, holders was both the aim of and the method used in and other CSOs with knowledge about the status of this programme. Identifying role models and offering women’s rights in their own countries were created for mentorship for girls and women resulted in reducing the purpose of advocating towards government institu- women’s fear and strengthening their ability to speak tions for the enforcement of laws and for providing safety out against GBV and stop impunity. Partners increased and justice. An increasing number of the programmes their knowledge about existing national legislation, joined the global “16 Days of Activism Against Gender- contributed to law enforcement, and advocated for Based Violence Campaign, “Girls & not Brides”, new laws and policies to criminalise Female Genital the international day of “Zero Tolerance for Female Mutilation (FGM), child, early and forces marriages Genital Mutilation”, and International Women’s Day. (CEFM), human trafficking, partner violence and Furthermore, NCA joined ACT Alliance partners in the other forms of GBV. In Myanmar, partners and staff “Side by Side – Faith for Gender Justice”10 movement contributed directly to the development of the first ever established in 2015, and contributed to joint statements draft of a National Law on Protection and Prevention from FBOs on sexual and reproductive health rights of Violence against Women (PoVAW), together with (SRHR) and GBV at the UN Commission on the Status of the Gender Equality Network (GEN). In Pakistan, the Women (CSW) 2015.

8 Gender-based violence (GBV) refers to any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will and that is based on socially ascribed (gender) differences, like power inequalities between women and men. GBV violates a number of human rights. UN defines violence against women as “any act of GBV that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats or such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life”. 9 The sum of the gender dissagregated figures varies from the total because not all country offices have submitted gender dissagregated data. 10 www.sidebysidegender.org

50 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 SELECTED RESULTS

Girls and women less likely to be exposed to FGM

WHY: FGM violates more than 200 million girls and women in 30 countries who suffer as a result of an old and irreversible traditional practice believed to make girls marriageable in societies where they have inferior status to men. National laws and legislations to criminalise FGM have been adopted in 25 African countries, but there are challenges in the enforcement of these.

WHAT: The programmes applied multiple approaches and methods based on solid knowledge and understanding of local contexts, including awareness raising and attitudinal changes through Community Dialogues - a method used to reach a consensus on abandonment of FGM.

RESULTS: A significant reduction in FGM has been documented in project areas in Ethiopia and a substantial number of people in communities have committed to abandon FGM, also in Somalia and Kenya.

Ethiopia is one of the three countries with the highest years is a 31% reduction in FGM.12 NCA’s partners prevalence of FGM. Abandonment of FGM is still far officially registered 14,150 uncut girls and more than from being achieved, despite a growing number of 130,000 girls were protected from FGM during that community decisions to end the practice. 2015 evalu- same period. In 2015, the programme successfully ations confirmed that two joint programmes imple- engaged 14,101 people (6,592 women and 7,509 men) mented by NCA and Save the Children are achieving in Community Conversations, broadcasted 459 radio good results related to the abandonment of FGM programmes and ensured that 691 uncut girls were in Ethiopia and Somalia.11 One of the main results registered, reported or rescued. 39 circumcisers from the Ethiopia programme over the last five abandoned their practice, while 11 new declarations

An ex-circumciser displays the thorns used while carrying out “Infibulation” the most severe form of female genital mutilation, mostly prevalent in Afar and Somali region. Photo: Hilina Abebe/Norwegian Church Aid

11 The programmes contribute to the Norwegian Government Strategy for increased efforts to reduce FGM, https://www.regjeringen.no/no/doku- menter/strategi-kjonnslemlestelse/id2393913/pdf 12 End Term Review of the Strategic Partnership between NCA and SCI for the Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) 2011-2015, Norad 2015, and Baseline/End line Survey: FGM Situation in Six Regions of Ethiopia, NCA/SCI, 2015.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 51 u CHAPTER 3.2

against FGM were made. As a result of NCA and in Addis Ababa. This platform created an opportunity partners’ efforts to increase the awareness in target for faith actors to share their experience and show communities of the law against FGM, 39 cases of their commitment. This national level consultation FGM were reported. Twenty-nine of these received was held to devise an accountability mechanism to a verdict through the formal court system whilst ensure that the Ethiopian national commitment to sixteen were tried by customary laws. Religious end FGM and child marriage by 2025 would be trans- leaders contributed to strengthening the customary lated into action. As a follow up, a national interfaith laws and ten CBOs included abandonment of FGM task force team was formed to monitor the progress in their by-laws. While it was documented that 80% in collaboration with the National Alliance to End of people in project areas in 2015 were aware of the Child Marriage and FGM. This case provides a good harmful effects and the law against FGM in Ethiopia, example of how NCA linked FBO partners directly to it is possible that this deep-rooted practice may national commitments to abandon FGM and CEFM. have moved to other areas, gone underground or is A recent evaluation13 confirms that, despite the performed by health and ex-health workers. security situation in Somalia, NCA’s GBV programme A major event in 2015 related to commitments made was able to reach most of its targets. A trend towards by religious leaders to the abandonment of FGM was the Sunna form of FGM instead of infibulation14 was NCA facilitating the Inter Religious Council of Ethio- observed and was mostly promoted by religious pia’s (IRCE) attendance at the National Girls Summit leaders. In Puntland there is a new law promoted

Fufo Dadi, 65, ex-circumciser and secretary of an an ex-circumcisers’ group in Ethiopia. Photo: Hilina Abebe/Norwegian Church Aid

13 Evaluation Report, Protecting Women and Girls against Sexual and Gender-based violence and harmful traditional practices and Participation of Women in peacebuilding, Somalia, NCA/SCI, 2015/16

14 Type 3: Often referred to as infibulation, this is the narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the labia minora, or labia majora, sometimes through stitching, with or without removal of the clitoris (Clitoridec- tomy), WHO

52 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 by the government and a fatwa by religious leaders age. The programme also covered school fees for against FGM. The security situation impacted some vulnerable girls. At community level, more than 105 of the work in Gedo/Garbaharrey, where NCA is community dialogues have taken place, while 45 operational and works directly with CBOs. In spite of families abandoned FGM and several chiefs declared this, Al Shabaab in the area was convinced to stop their support to enforce the national law. FGM and eight schools and 16 community educa- In Mali the programme is implemented in 59 tional committees reached more than 5,000 children. communities in Timbuktu, Gap and Mopti regions. Religious and clan leaders were mobilised to abandon 18,383 youth (10,259 girls) were reached through FGM and supported sanctions and penalties against awareness raising related to the harmful effects of circumcisers. Increased awareness and knowledge early and child marriage (ECM). NCA and partners about the harm of FGM and child marriage created have focused on supporting religious and traditional more openness to the need for treatment of health leaders to support and sign conventions preventing complications. Girls and women were referred to this practice in northern Mali. Seven local conven- health services and counselling, and some were tions preventing harmful practices, particularly referred for treatment in hospitals in Kenya and focusing on ECM, have been signed. Partners have Ethiopia. There remains an enormous unmet need also established village committees to monitor for referral and treatment. cases of FGM and ECM in the targeted communities. In Kenya, new girls’ forums were established in In addition to engaging youth, the programme has schools, reaching 482 girls in Kajiado and Mandera also worked with religious leaders and traditional counties through peer-to-peer methods to learn leaders on information-exchanges focused on how about FGM and CEFM. Reporting on possible FGM Islam views violations, such as sexual violence, and CEFM cases by using “secret boxes” enabled ECM and FGM. Radio has been used as a medium teachers to act and respond with support to the girls. to disseminate information about the national This method may have contributed to a dramatic and international legal frameworks related to decrease in reported teenage pregnancies and protection of women and girls. Religious leaders and school drop-outs, and an increase in the amount of imams responsible for the marriage councils have girls completing primary school. Support to farming condemned FGM and ECM, with over 739 imams activities yielding increased income, gave mothers currently preaching against FGM. More than 70 financial resources to support their daughters’ village chiefs are involved in advocacy against girls education instead of being married off at an early being married below 16 years of age.

DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED To a large extent, the global programme achieved its issues has therefore proven to be effective in Ethiopia, goal of mobilising women and men to address harmful Somalia, Pakistan, Kenya and South Africa. Trans- practices that encourage GBV, with an exception of forming deeply rooted unequal gender power relations Sudan where the government did not approve the and harmful practices takes years and results are not partners’ work due to restrictions on promoting always observable. Girls and women have unmet needs women’s rights. On a positive note, Ethiopia achieved for medical treatment, psychosocial support, literacy, higher results than planned when it comes to reduction education and skills. Increased efforts to engage young of FGM. men to adopt positive masculinities and respect for Sensitivity from conservative and religious alliances gender equality will improve results. GBV interven- in many countries around issues related to sexuality, tions must be comprehensive and include professional gender roles and family planning influenced NCA approaches. More capacity of staff and partners in partners’ work and hence the success of the programme. applying standards, guidelines and ethical considera- Activists and women’s human rights defenders tions when working with GBV survivors and the girl addressing SRHR, including safe abortion, access to child is needed. Advocacy work towards duty bearers contraceptives, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual at all levels is crucial. Cooperation with other GBV and intersex (LGBTI) rights, and the legal age of 18 years programmes like UNFPA/UNICEF’s joint programme for girls to marry, are met with resistance. At times, even and the UN’s Global Protection Cluster should be inten- with violence. NCA and partners’ approach of creating sified. safe spaces for dialogue with religious leaders on these

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 53 RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

OUTCOME 1: Rights-holders are mobilised to claim their rights to a life free from gender-based violence

Achieved in most countries through many methods of mass mobilisation of people’s awareness. By using empowerment methods, capacity building and role models, girls and women knew their rights and were able to claim them.

OUTCOME 2: Faith- and community-based organisations are mobilised to prevent and reduce all forms of harmful traditional practices

Achieved in Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, South Africa, Myanmar, where FBOs and CBOs have been mobilised and use theological reflection materials. The Tamar campaign material was used in DRC, Burundi, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Kenya.

OUTCOME 3: Faith- and community-based organisations have been influenced to transform and change beliefs, attitudes, behaviour and practices that uphold GBV

Achieved in Kenya, Zambia, Malawi and South Africa where new gender policies were developed, a Gender Trans- formation Toolkit “Created in God’s Image: A Gender Transformation Toolkit for Women and Men in Churches” was used and modules on masculinities and LGBTI were developed. All programmes influenced faith-based organisations and CBOs to change harmful social norms and practices.

OUTCOME 4: Duty bearers take responsibility to promote positive and transformative masculinities to overcome GBV

Achieved in South Africa where male church members promoted positive masculinities. They reached 165,000 men through the Men as Peacemakers Campaign, by discussing GBV with other them at football matches and taverns. Also achieved in Pakistan, where young men were trained to be role models for positive masculinities, and some activists prevented cases of child marriage.

OUTCOME 5: Duty bearers are influenced to implement national laws and domestications of legal frameworks preventing GBV and promoting the rights of women and girls

Achieved in Somalia, Kenya, Mali where partners influenced legislation against FGM and CEFM. In Myanmar, Kenya, and Zambia it contributed to new laws and policies. In Ethiopia, Pakistan, South Africa, Angola, Guatemala and Tanzania it actively enforced laws for girls and women’s rights.

OUTCOME 6: GBV survivors and groups at risk have access to safety and justice

Not fully achieved as access to safety and justice depend on duty bearers’ ability to provide services, and impunity still exists. In Pakistan improved referral led to more complaints brought forward. In Guatemala 500 women and girls were assisted at support centres, and Haiti saw an increase in GBV cases reported to the police and thereby breaking the cycle of silence.

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

54 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 WOMEN IN GOVERNANCE (WIG)

Overall goal: Increase women’s participation in governance issues and structures.

Summary of the programme’s achievements compared to overall goal In 2015, 9,845 women built their capacity to participate in governance processes and structures. This resulted in an increased number of women assuming roles in (and sometimes being elected into) various structures for decision- making in their communities, local councils, faith institutions and churches. In South Africa, Kenya and Zambia, the national church councils conducted internal gender audits and developed tools and resources to promote gender equality and women’s representation. Inspired by, and making use of, new national constitutions and legislation for securing equal representation, churches took specific action to increase women’s eligibility for election to leadership positions and to promote female candidates. The Women in Governance programme was implemented in the following countries in 2015: Kenya, Guatemala, Mali, South Africa, South Sudan and Zambia.

STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY

Faith-based organisations cooperate with women’s (FBOs) joined advocacy alliances for inclusion of quotas organisations on empowerment strategies in national constitutions. They made use of the same The programme was to a large extent an empowerment strategy in their own church bodies, and succeeded in programme for women to overcome barriers they face increasing the number of women in their leadership. in patriarchal societies, to increase the number of Largely this was possible because they had incorpo- women in leadership positions. The programme directly rated similar strategies used by other actors in civil contributed to strengthening civil society, by encour- society, mainly women’s organisations, along with their aging the involvement of women in decision-making experiences in building women leadership, providing structures and increasing the legitimacy of civil society. mentorship, and demanding quotas for women. Through Women are grossly underrepresented and excluded opening up space allowing for their real participation, from decisions affecting themselves, their families young indigenous women in Guatemala were able to and communities. Various well-known methods were bring issues concerning their lives to the higher political applied to ensure women’s equal representation by agenda. It was equally important to engage men, in building their capacity for leadership and by preparing order for men to acknowledge that women can hold them for candidacy in elections. Affirmative action and positions and to commit men to support female leaders. quotas for gender parity were adopted and applied However, backlashes and ignorance about the right of in church structures and in local governments and women to participate were observed. Female repre- councils. sentation challenges gender power relations, and can At local and national level, faith-based organisations cause resistance from influential men to give up power.

Meeting organised by the National Council of Churches of Kenya in Limuru on Gender issues. Photo: S. M Kingi-NCCK GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 55 u CHAPTER 3.2

SELECTED RESULTS

KENYA: Women recognised as leaders in churches and political structures

WHY: Women have been underrepresented in decision-making bodies in Kenya, including in churches, where male domination prevails.

WHAT: Continued advocacy towards government and the creation of broad alliances between women’s organisations and FBOs. This work created new opportunities for women in the churches to lobby for their right of representation.

RESULTS: Women in churches adopted methods from the new National Women’s Charter and its accom- panying action plan. These included affirmative action along with mentorship and leadership training, to enable women to run for office, including in church councils. Confident women took up leadership positions in churches, as well as in their communities.

It has taken a long time to see real commitment for effectively strengthening women’s skills for from the Kenyan government in ensuring equal leadership, in transparency and accountability, and representation between men and women, either at in promoting common visions. ACK also reviewed national or at municipality level. The same could be its constitution, in order to further institutionalise said about male controlled church structures, where gender equality. women are underrepresented in decision-making The results of these initiatives have been bodies. This was challenged by NCA partners in numerous. For example, a more positive attitude Kenya. towards women leadership in the church is now After the approval of the new constitution in 2010, observed in the community. The leadership training a long consultation process between the Kenyan and mentoring for women has resulted in women government and women’s organisations, including becoming more confident to take up leadership NCA partner Women’s Empowerment Link (WEL), positions locally. ACK established peer-support took place to secure women’s equal right to partici- networks for women who had assumed positions in pation. This engagement opened up new windows of decision-making. These changes in the church led opportunities. It inspired the Anglican Church (ACK) to an increased interest in gender equity, not only in to institutionalise gender equality in its leadership church but also in the wider community. At county structures. Methods used were affirmative action, level 287 women were trained in leadership, and mentorship, leadership training, and alliance in turn sensitised an additional 1,433 women and building with networks with necessary resources organised them in community groups through ACK’s and skills. A guideline was developed by partners Diocese of Makueni. for mentorship sessions. This provided a platform

ACK Wathini Parish Church Leaders. The Parish has witnessed increased numbers of women in Parish leadership. Photo: Anglican Development Services (ADS)

56 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 Members of County Assembly from Machakos County developing their action points using the National Action Plan as a reference material assisted by a facilitator Winnie Guchu (left). Photo: Women Empowerment Link

DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

Despite various efforts by the programme to increase challenges due to discrimination. women’s opportunities to actively participate where Most of the programmes had a specific focus on decisions are made, there is still a long way to go before preparing women for candidacy at local and national women are equally represented as leaders. For various elections. The programmes made use of new constitu- reasons, not all NCA WIG programmes succeeded fully tions and electoral systems, which do not always ensure in promoting women leadership. In South Sudan, due to women’s equal representation. For example, while the the continuous conflict, some of the planned activities 2015 Gender Equity and Equality Act was passed in were not possible to implement, however some good Zambia in support of a more progressive constitution, results were reported. See Results per Global Outcome the electoral system is still unfavourable to women’s below for details. representation. This was a big disappointment and Lessons from the programme are many. Applying backlash for NCA partners’ work to promote women strategies of affirmative action, quota, leadership candidates. training, mentorship of women, and engaging men Further lessons underline the importance of internal in support for women leaders, still meets a lot of organisational gender audits and assessments to provide resistance. Women are not always supportive of other new insights into how organisations are governed, and women moving into leadership positions, and men in how more equal representation can be achieved. NCA power are not eager to step down and let women replace also enhanced learning within Norwegian civil society them. In FBOs, male dominance and patriarchal struc- by contributing to two publications in 2015, one focusing tures bar women from leadership opportunities, while on NGO experiences in promoting women’s equality and female members of faith communities meet barriers in empowerment and the other on reflections on 15 years religious doctrines, and indigenous women face specific of UNSCR 1325.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 57 u CHAPTER 3.2

RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* WOMEN IN GOVERNANCE

OUTCOME 1: Women actively participate in governance processes and structures

Not fully achieved, but good results in Guatemala, Kenya, and South Sudan, with an increase of women elected to local councils and in church bodies. In Guatemala, exceeding the annual target by 51%, 1,363 indigenous and mestizo women gained leadership skills, increasing their local participation.

OUTCOME 2: Duty bearers respect women’s right to participate in governance structures

Partly achieved in Kenya, Zambia, South Africa, Guatemala and South Sudan where religious leaders, community and clan leaders opened up more space for women’s participation because of national legislation and theological arguments. In South Sudan, women’s representation in local courts almost doubled.

OUTCOME 3: Duty bearers have been influenced to institutionalise the principle of gender balance and equity in governance structures

Achieved in Kenya, Zambia, South Africa, Guatemala, and South Sudan, through advocacy for affirmative action and quota for gender parity towards government and FBO leaders. The follow-up of new gender policies in churches contributed to more acceptance of gender equality and respect for women’s leadership.

OUTCOME 4: Duty bearers have been influenced to include international HR conventions on women’s rights in national laws and practices

Achieved in Guatemala and South Africa, through advocacy efforts towards national legislation. In Guatemala a request to the state to comply with the international mechanisms for eradicating GBV, and in South Africa through monitoring the state’s commitment to the SADC gender protocol. Not fully achieved in South Sudan.

OUTCOME 5: Duty bearers have been challenged to transform informal structures of power and/or patriarchy

Achieved in Southern Africa and Guatemala through applying tools and resources for churches.

OUTCOME 6: Young girls and women leaders have accessed mentoring, coaching and support

Achieved in Kenya, South Sudan and Zambia, through providing good examples on capacity building, mentorship and skills training, including literacy and economic empowerment.

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

58 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 GLOBAL STRATEGY 2011-2015

TOGETHER FOR A JUST WORLD Empowering the poor and challenging the privileged

Emergency response, long-term development and advocacy AN INTEGRATED APPROACH u CHAPTER 3.3

THE RIGHT GENDER ECONOMIC CLIMATE THE RIGHT TO PEACE AND JUSTICE JUSTICE JUSTICE TO WATER AND SECURITY HEALTH

Women, Gender-based Livelihood Climate Social peace and violence and trade change mitigation of security mitigation HIV and AIDS

Community Women in Resources Climate Access to violence governance and change quality and small arms finance adaptation health care control

Faith Water, communities sanitation and Action by Churches Together and hygiene peacebuilding BUILDING ALLIANCE WITH FAITH-BASED ACTORS AND PARTNERS

This matrix illustrates our vision and the totality of our work, including how we work, what we work with and with whom. 3.3 ECONOMIC JUSTICE

• LIVELIHOOD AND TRADE • RESOURCES AND FINANCE

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 59 u CHAPTER 3.3

LIVELIHOOD AND TRADE

Overall goal: Mobilisation for sustainable livelihood and reduced economic vulnerability.

Summary of main achievements compared to overall goal In 2015, NCA organised 56,586 rights-holders into groups to actively improve their own livelihoods. Results indicate that NCA and partners are particularly well placed to economically empower women through mobilisation, raising awareness and promoting their role in economic activities. The Livelihood and Trade Programme was implemented in the following countries in 2015: Afghanistan, Brazil, Kenya, Laos, Palestine, Myanmar, Sudan, Tanzania, Somalia, Southern Africa and Zambia.

STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY

Civil society organisations facilitate market access Industry worked together to address challenges facing for rural communities IR VICOBA groups in Singida District. Similar initiatives In Tanzania, religious leaders and faith-based actors from 2015 include the Tanzania Ecumenical Dialogue continued to be at the centre of advocacy on trade issues. Group organising the first round-table for a policy In 2015, NCA partners advocated the government for an dialogue series on trade and business focusing on fair improved business environment for interreligious (IR) trade and promotion of locally produced goods. VICOBA groups and their members. Through multi- Parallel to these advocacy efforts, NCA and partners stakeholder forums, partners were able to facilitate promoted market access for marginalised rural commu- dialogue on legislation and policies that hindered the nities, including showcasing of IR VICOBA groups’ growth of small and medium enterprises. Coordinated products at town, district and regional open markets. by NCA partner African Evangelistic Enterprise, religious Small competitions were held at these events to select leaders, the National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania best products for further branding and market exposure, Food and Drugs Authority and the Ministry of Trade and and to encourage entrepreneurial activities.

Women’s saving group in Pikini, Kenya. Photo: Axel Fassio/Norwegian Church Aid

60 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 3.3

SELECTED RESULTS

Women have the power and agency to benefit from economic activities

WHY: Norms and institutions limit women’s access to resources needed for economic advancement.

WHAT: Organised in groups, women gained access to financial and other production inputs, such as machinery, equipment and packaging material, needed to engage in business and collaborate in approaching the market. Civil society partners raised community awareness around women’s roles in the economy.

RESULTS: Economically empowered women now have the ability to act on decisions made, and control resources and profits in contexts where traditional gender and cultural barriers previously limited women.

Market access is a common challenge for rural and to relevant services, Asala prioritised raising large- marginalised communities. Barriers include lack scale community awareness about women’s rights in of infrastructure, quality and quantity production, the labour force. In 2015, 100 women established or packaging and storage. NCA recognises that women re-established small-scale enterprises capitalising face additional challenges associated with gender small loans and new business skills. Attendants in and cultural norms. In 2015, NCA and partners Asala’s business management trainings now report continued to empower women to participate in having greater control of income and resources. A economic activities in contexts as diverse as Afghan- majority of the female entrepreneurs were able to istan, Palestine and Tanzania. raise their income by 30 to 50%, and are now able to In rural parts of Afghanistan, where local customs invest in their children’s education. Considering the and cultural barriers severely limit women’s extensive damages caused by the military attack on engagement and mobility, significant achieve- the Gaza strip in the summer of 2014, these results ments took place through self-help groups (SHG) are impressive. For this reason, the programme and cooperatives. As a result of mobilisation and also prioritised providing start-up grants allowing advocacy efforts from partners, 1,124 women women to re-establish livelihood projects. were organised and accessed valuable knowledge about agricultural techniques. In Daikundi, women farmers reduced their post-harvest losses by using fruit dryers, improving the shelf-life and price of their products. Across Tanzania, the IR VICOBA approach continues to economically empower women. In 2015, another 1,360 groups were established providing approximately 34,000 rights-holders access to financial resources. Women represent more than 65% of IR VICOBA members, and more than 80% are reported to have invested small loans in small business and livelihood projects, with the best performers earning between USD 90 and 220 per month. In 2015, NCA and partners focused on strengthening existing groups’ entrepreneurial skills and improving their farming practices through pilot projects in Kiteto and Kilosa districts. Results from Palestine illustrate the significance of economically empowering women, as cultural stereotypes limit women’s participation to certain economic activities or sectors. Lack of support from family members and the local community discourages entrepreneurial activities. When approaching the wholesale market women are constantly offered lower prices for their products compared to male producers. In 2015, NCA partner Asala continued to provide financial and non-financial services for Shireen harvesting her tomatoes in Gaza city. vulnerable women in Gaza. Beyond enabling access Photo: Samy Hammoudeh/Asala

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 61 Traifosa Losiok from Tanzania now harvests 2000 kg of corn per acre – five times as much as before. Photo: Imani Selemani/Norwegian Church Aid, Tanzania

Farmers gain income from improved agricultural practices

WHY: Improper agricultural techniques and limited access to, and awareness of the benefits of agricultural inputs is limiting farmers’ production and profits.

WHAT: Communities were organised and assisted in adopting good agricultural practices and focusing on adding value to their produce.

RESULTS: Farmers organised in groups, which gained them improved market access and increased their individual income.

In 2015, through organising themselves in various households improved the quality and increased the ways, farmers benefitted from adding value to their volume of their rice yields considerably, with some of agricultural products and strengthening their market the best now producing over 40% more rice per acre access. NCA and partners supported farmers in compared to when they used only traditional farming their efforts in the following countries: Afghanistan, techniques. Their income has seen similar increases Brazil, Kenya, Myanmar, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania as well. These results are partly due to NCA and and Zambia. Common for most initiatives is the partners having a scope beyond input provision, application of a more holistic approach, where both including providing farmers with accurate market supply and demand factors are taken into account. price information, equipping them with improved This entails both improving farmers’ agricultural negotiation skills and establishing direct linkages practices and their access to farming inputs (seeds with potential buyers. and fertiliser), as well as strengthening their position In Central and South Darfur States of Sudan 9,738 in local or domestic markets. households strengthened their farming livelihoods In the Ayayarwady Delta of Myanmar, the focus in 2015 through improved knowledge, skills and on improving seed quality and strengthening farmer practices as well as access to necessary input. The capacity gave concrete results. 130 of 180 farming programme emphasised training 740 lead farmers

62 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 responsible for training groups of ten farmers on in 2015. The programme focused on increasing the nine improved agricultural techniques. An evaluation production capacity of households with the primary indicated that practices and techniques were adopted objective of improving their food security. Secondly, by 82%, and interviewed farming groups estimated a greater production volumes allowed rights-holders 20% increase in crop productivity as a result. to bargain and achieve better prices for their Within riverine agro-pastoral and pastoral products when approaching the market or engaging communities of Somalia 3,730 rights-holders (2,173 with middlemen. women, 1,557 men) strengthened their livelihoods

DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

Global and regional advocacy related to livelihood and market access. Alongside these activities, attention trade received less attention than planned in the current should also be given to developing collaboration with period. Advocacy efforts were instead directly targeted the private sector and research institutions. This also at local and domestic processes. Limited advocacy applies to NCA’s new approach to vocational training, results on a global level can be explained by lack of staff where the last period confirmed the need to address and partner capacity to follow and influence interna- this area more holistically in future programming. tional processes. This includes utilising government and private actors Great contextual variation characterises the country to provide market relevant vocational training of high portfolio of this programme, yet the period carries quality and facilitating apprenticeships and closer common lessons learned, some of strategic impor- follow-up of graduates. These lessons learned reflect tance and value to future programme development. the main methods and intervention strategies of NCA’s The organising of people into groups (savings and loans new Economic Empowerment programme. groups, cooperatives and associations) proved to be a Like the Resources and Finance programme, the powerful tool for economic empowerment – enabling Livelihood and Trade programme has proved to be a rights-holders’ to access capital and effective sharing of successful platform for sharing programme experi- knowledge and skills. This said, in many contexts there is ences and methodology between NCA staff across a need to strengthen such groups further with business country contexts. This inspired new projects and skills and a deeper understanding of the value chain in results achieved on market access for example and has order to foster entrepreneurial activities and improved contributed to developing a global programme.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 63 u CHAPTER 3.3

RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* LIVELIHOOD AND TRADE

OUTCOME 1: Rights-holders are organised to secured sustainable livelihoods in rural and urban environments

Achieved in Afghanistan, Brazil, Kenya, Myanmar, Palestine, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania and Zambia where rights- holders improved their livelihoods and increased their income through organising in savings and loans groups, farmers’ cooperatives and associations.

OUTCOME 2: Rights-holders are mobilised to claim decent working conditions

Not targeted in 2015.

OUTCOME 3: Youth and women have established small scale enterprises

Achieved in Afghanistan, Palestine, Somalia, and Tanzania, where the establishment of small-scale enterprises increased the income of women and youth.

OUTCOME 4: Duty bearers are influenced to support legislation for fair trading laws protecting informal traders

Not fully achieved in Somalia due to weak government structures and lack of space to influence the legislative agenda. Results achieved relate to extensive awareness raising at community level on legislation to protect fishermen from piracy.

OUTCOME 5: Duty bearers are influenced to develop fair bilateral regional and global trade agreements

Not fully achieved in Southern Africa and Kenya, but some progress seen in Kenya in relation to coffee sector.

OUTCOME 6: Targeted enterprises are influenced to comply with national legislation and international standards throughout the supply chain

With the exception of Brazil and the Brazilian-Norwegian advocacy efforts targeting Norwegian soy company Denofa, this has not been a focus in 2015. In Brazil continued advocacy meant that Denofa has recognised the need to invest in sustainable solutions for soy production.

OUTCOME 7: Rights-holders have gained access to domestic and/or international markets

Domestic market access achieved in Afghanistan, Brazil, Kenya, Myanmar, Somalia, Palestine, Tanzania and Zambia through reduction in various market barriers (physical, cultural, and bureaucratic/political) which enabled rights-holders to sell their produce in domestic markets.

OUTCOME 8: Targeted duty bearers are influenced to develop or comply with land rights for marginalised and vulnerable groups

Achieved in Tanzania and Zambia through women and indigenous communities securing ownership of land and the return of previously confiscated land to rural farmers. Zambia partners influenced the revision of the Urban and Regional Planning Bill of 2015. Not fully achieved in Myanmar where results are only evident on output level.

OUTCOME 9: Targeted duty bearers are influenced to develop or comply with national legislation and international standards for sustainable livelihood and economic justice

Only targeted in Zambia, where results on outcome level were realized, e.g. tax proposals from NCA partners on removal of customs duty on greenhouses and rose seedlings was included in the national budget.

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

64 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 RESOURCES AND FINANCE

Overall goal: Accountable governance of national resources for rights-based development.

Summary of main achievements compared to overall goal In 2015, NCA and partners have influenced duty bearers at all levels, resulting in the adoption and implementation of pro-poor policies. NCA partners have gained recognition as relevant actors being listened to and included in policy processes regarding extractive industries and public finances. In 2015 3,806 rights-holders conducted budget monitoring and claimed their rights resulting in social services being delivered according to public plans. The Resources and Finance programme was implemented in the following eight countries in 2015: Angola, Brazil, Guatemala, Malawi, Myanmar, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia.

STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY

Civil society platform now too strong to ignore longer an option. In 2015, there have been several signs The core of this programme is to mobilise rights- showing changes in relationships between duty-bearers holders to hold duty-bearers accountable on issues of and rights-holders: natural resources and public finances. Addressing root At the international AMI arranged in Cape Town in causes of poverty and injustice through influencing February, NCA and the International Council on Mining decision makers is a process that often does not lead and Metals (ICMM) arranged a meeting where 25 rights- to visible results within a short time, but when change holders from mining communities and civil society finally occurs, often after years of strategic work at organisations met face to face for the first time with 25 several levels, it is significant and has wide ranging senior representatives from mining companies to discuss consequences. To achieve results in the Resources relevant issues. The dialogue started off as tense, but and Finance programme, strengthening of civil society eventually eased as delegates began to dialogue and is therefore pivotal. The presence of NCA enables the understand each other’s positions. close accompaniment of partners and rights-holders National policy makers have also shown interest in in advocacy processes needed to hold duty bearers interacting with the AMI platform. In Zimbabwe, for the accountable in their management of public resources. first time, the Deputy Minister of Mines attended the Building strong, strategic and decisive civil society full two-day meeting. Communities were given a rare organisations and platforms demands multifaceted opportunity to directly raise concerns over issues they approaches, patience and contextual sensitivity. are facing. Some of the concerns were solved immedi- One example that shows long-term effort and change ately, like the small-scale miners issues with license in approach is the work NCA and partners have invested papers needed to proceed with mining activities. NCA in the Alternative Mining Indaba (AMI) platform, which partner ZELA was invited to participate in the Ministry of has become an important vehicle for mobilising civil Mines Strategic Planning meeting, giving NCA partners society organisations to challenge duty bearers around the chance to directly influence duty bearers and mining mining issues. The AMI was established by NCA and policy. partners in 2010. The corporate Mining Indaba at first At the end of 2015, yet another milestone was achieved tried to ignore it, then to silence it and later to threaten when NCA and partner Bench Marks were contacted via the AMI. However, as the civil society platform has grown e-mail from the Managing Director of the Mining Indaba stronger and larger, meetings of civil society actors with the aim “to find ways to forge a more productive have not only been at the international level, but also at path forward between our groups”. In late November a national and local levels including in Zimbabwe, Zambia, meeting took place in Johannesburg leading to the start South Africa, Mozambique, Malawi and Botswana. The of the first ever formal direct engagement between MI movement has grown in such a way that to ignore it is no and AMI.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 65 u CHAPTER 3.3

SELECTED RESULTS

Civil society organisations influence national budgets and policy direction

WHY: Lack of civil society and rights-holder participation in policy processes is an obstacle to the realisation of human rights.

WHAT: NCA has supported civil society to influence policy and has provided capacity building, accompaniment and facilitation of spaces for dialogue with policy makers.

RESULTS: Budgets and policy are influenced to be more pro-poor.

In Myanmar, a country rich in natural resources, NCA tionalised in 2015, as NCA partner ZELA signed a partners are engaging policy makers on the citizens’ Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the right to benefit from these. In 2015, NCA supported a Parliament of Zimbabwe’s Parliamentary Portfolio Sovereign Wealth Fund Conference with 250 partici- Committee on Mining. This opened doors for the pants from civil society, government and other partner to directly engage and influence key policy stakeholders. Delegates gave clear input for future makers in a structured and formalised manner, a policy direction in Myanmar, including the need for privilege not many civil society organisations in the input from the public in order to develop policies for region have. the funds. The conference report and its recommen- Partners in several countries have been involved dations were used for advocacy towards government in the revisions of mining legislation in the reporting ministries and decision-makers, including the Presi- period. In Malawi, partners have been consulting dent’s office. The response from the government is rights-holders in drafting the Mines and Mineral that it is considering setting up a fund, and welcomes Bill in order to provide input to the parliament. In suggestions from civil society. Zambia, the national AMI has been used as a spring- In 2015, the government in Angola publically board for advocacy on the revision of the 2008 Mine recognised the impact of the social monitoring and and Mineral Development Act, which cumulated participatory poverty assessments by including into the Mine and Mineral Development Act of 2015. recommendations made by NCA partner CICA Botswana is operating on one of the oldest mining regarding health, education and infrastructure in the laws in the region dating back to 1962, and hence the government’s development plans at local, provincial Botswana Council of Churches officially challenged and national levels. In 2015 the construction of a new the government in September to review the mining road in Balombo was a result of such influence. In related policies and to include local communities Zambia, civil society, including a number of NCA and civil society in the process. partners, have participated in the pre-budgeting process both at district, provincial and at national level. Through the Zambia Tax Platform (ZTP), five NCA partners collected input from rights-holders and various stakeholders, and in 2015 a total of 28 submissions were handed over to the Ministry of Finance and National Planning. A media briefing where representatives from four government ministries were present was also arranged to give input to the 2016 budget proposals. Five of the proposals from ZTP were adopted and included in the national budget announced on 9th October 2015, with an increase in the social protection budget being one of the major achievements. Through the pre-budgeting process, NCA partners have also contributed exten- sively to putting pressure on the government to institutionalise citizen participation in general budgeting and planning processes. As a result the government has taken the Planning and Budgeting Bill, which deals with civil society participation, to Parliament A member of the Mabuka Action Group in Mulanje district, Malawi contributing on the Issues on Mining during a meeting organised for enactment. Also in Zimbabwe, relations between by Evengelical Association of Malawi. government and civil society have been institu- Photo: Callisto Sekeleza/Norwegian Church Aid

66 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 TANZANIA: Villagers push mining company to deliver on its social obligations

WHY: The mining company operating in Mpamantwa village was not delivering on its contractual obligations. Village leaders did not act on behalf of the village members, and would not claim the rights of the citizens towards the mining company.

WHAT: Training of villagers in the Public Expenditure Tracking System (PETS) made them aware of and empowered them to hold their leaders to account and claim what the mining company had promised to deliver according to the contract.

RESULTS: Villagers demanded their rights in a multi-faceted way, including dialogue, petitions, rallying and engaging the legal duty bearers, resulting in the mining company finally constructing the promised road, school and boreholes.

“If it was not for PETS, the government would found that the village leaders and the ward councillor have done nothing”, Mikhael Mkunja said in the had allegedly approached the company on various documentary about Mpamantwa Village.* occasions to seek funding for personal and political In the small rural community in Mpamantwa interests. The PETS committee raise awareness on Village in Dodoma region in Tanzania, stone citizens’ rights and they distributed documentation quarrying started in 2004. In 2010 Chinese investor from other parts of Tanzania on how citizens took Sands Company took over the intervention, informing actions against corrupt leaders. the village that they held a stone quarry license from The mobilisation resulted in villagers starting the Ministry of Energy and Minerals. In the contract to hold the village leaders to account. In April signed between the mining company and the local 2015 the village government, in collaboration with government, the company was obliged to supply PETS members, wrote a letter to Sands Company water wells, construct a primary school and build a informing that they would close the road the company road from the village to Dodoma town, which would used if they did not deliver the services as promised. increase access to health facilities. They also engaged their member of parliament and In this village NCA partners Christian Council of requested that Minister for Energy and Minerals Tanzania and Tanzania Centre for Debt and Devel- visit the village, since the company claimed to have opment conducted PETS training in 2007. The PETS a licence from the Tanzania Minerals Audit Agency. committee’s knowledge of how to read and compare In response to this request the Minister for Energy plans and budgets, track expenditures and hold and Minerals, visited Mpamantwa village in June leaders accountable came to good use when the 2015 and ordered the company to stop the production mining company had not met its obligations two and fulfil their commitments before continuing. The years after the stone extraction started. In addition, result is that the company has started construction the villagers reported that the village leadership of the road, the water wells have been dug and water suppressed the topic whenever issues related to the pumps are purchased. The school building is also contract were raised at village assembly meetings. erected. The PETS committee analysed the situation and

DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED The deviations in the resources and finance programme monitored. The drop in oil prices had an impact on in 2015 are related to elections in Tanzania and Myanmar. the Angolan economy, and significantly fewer projects Budget monitoring and advocacy activities are difficult were monitored in 2015 compared to previous years, as to prioritise during elections, because civil society is funding from the central government to municipality for occupied with following election processes. Financial poverty reduction and rural development programmes constraints have also impacted the number of projects was delayed and reduced.

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgovacXcdoI

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 67 u CHAPTER 3.3

RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* RESOURCES AND FINANCE

OUTCOME 1: Rights-holders have monitored budgets and tracked public resources

Achieved in Angola, Brazil, Tanzania and Zambia where 3,806 rights-holders were involved in budget monitoring and tracking. This increased their access to water, education, healthcare and other community rights. Not achieved in Myanmar and Malawi, due to postponement (Myanmar) and termination of partnership (Malawi).

OUTCOME 2: Rights-holders have claimed their right to benefit from natural resources

Achieved in Zambia, Malawi, Guatemala, Southern Africa, Tanzania, and for the first time in Myanmar, where rights-holders addressed policy makers about the establishment of a sovereign wealth fund the necessity of civil society to be involved in developing policies for the fund.

OUTCOME 3: Moral duty bearers have been challenged to protect vulnerable communities against violations caused by natural resource exploitation

Achieved in Myanmar and Guatemala. However, NCA has challenged religious leaders in all resources and finance countries, and they play a key role in mobilising their constituencies and using their legitimacy to address duty bearers on issues related to public resources and extractive industries. 138 religious leaders in Guatemala supported women and indigenous peoples through church meetings, press conferences, and accompanied communities when addressing the departmental level.

OUTCOME 4: Legal duty bearers have been influenced to protect marginalised groups’ right to fair access to natural resources

Achieved in Brazil and Zambia. The AMI platform was used as a springboard for advocacy towards the 2015 revision of the Mine and Mineral Development Act. Not fully achieved in Tanzania, as the elections made 2015 a politically charged year with limited opportunities for addressing duty bearers.

OUTCOME 5: Duty bearers have been challenged to demonstrate increased transparency and accountability of public financial flows

Achieved in Angola, Malawi, Myanmar, Zambia, Southern Africa and Tanzania, where NCA and partners have experienced increased recognition as relevant actors and been able to influence duty bearers on their ethical commitments, national budget processes and mining and tax policies.

OUTCOME 6: Targeted extractive industries have been challenged to demonstrate increased transparency and accountability on capital flows and compliance to environmental standards

Achieved in Norway, Zambia and partly in Brazil. Two NCA partners in Zambia were elected to represent civil society in the EITI Multi Stakeholder Group, giving them a strategic position to enter into dialogue with and influence government and mining companies.

OUTCOME 7: NCA and partners have influenced public debate and/or policies towards a democratic and transparent global financial and aid systems

Achieved in Norway through a conference arranged by NCA and Nordic ACT Alliance members with 250 participants, high-level policy makers and media. Debate was generated and the timeliness of the conference and the debate generated contributed to reversing severe proposed budget cuts.

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

68 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 GLOBAL STRATEGY 2011-2015

TOGETHER FOR A JUST WORLD Empowering the poor and challenging the privileged

Emergency response, long-term development and advocacy AN INTEGRATED APPROACH u CHAPTER 3.4

THE RIGHT GENDER ECONOMIC CLIMATE THE RIGHT TO PEACE AND JUSTICE JUSTICE JUSTICE TO WATER AND SECURITY HEALTH

Women, Gender-based Livelihood Climate Social peace and violence and trade change mitigation of security mitigation HIV and AIDS

Community Women in Resources Climate Access to violence governance and change quality and small arms finance adaptation health care control

Faith Water, communities sanitation and Action by Churches Together and hygiene peacebuilding BUILDING ALLIANCE WITH FAITH-BASED ACTORS AND PARTNERS

This matrix illustrates our vision and the totality of our work, including how we work, what we work with and with whom. 3.4 CLIMATE JUSTICE

• CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION • CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 69 u CHAPTER 3.4

CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION (CCM)

Overall goal: Secured access to renewable energy sources and sustainable livelihood strategies for poor communities.

Summary of the programme’s main achievements compared to overall goal NCA has secured access to renewable energy for another 19,397 rights-holders in 2015. Larger renewable energy installations in hydropower, solar energy and bioenergy have also contributed to the mitigation of greenhouse gases. The Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) programme was implemented in the following countries in 2015: Afghanistan, Brazil, Guatemala, Kenya, Laos, Southern Africa, Tanzania and Vietnam.

Buddhist monk Ajaan Phitak has learnt how to lead projects to mitigate climate change and with NCA’s support has developed skills to provide guidance to youth groups. Photo: Marcel Giger/Norwegian Church Aid

STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY

Brazilians inspire change in Angola movements when accessing and influencing higher 2016 will be the final year for NCA’s programme in level policy-makers, and allows them to at the same Brazil after three decades of development cooper- time to resonate their reflections downwards on public ation. A common characteristic of NCA’s programme policies at the local level. has been an emphasis on applying advocacy tools like As part of this rooted advocacy approach, the NGOs networking, documentation, research and media strat- develop and test feasible solutions to problems faced egies. This stems not only from the importance NCA by communities using community consultation and places on this methodology, but also from the profile technical research. Results are used to advocate for of NCA’s partner portfolio in Brazil. Many organisations the inclusion of these models in publically funded were founded in the 1980s - a time when democracy schemes to ensure sustainability and duty bearer was re-established after decades of military dicta- engagement. An example of this approach is presented torship. NGOs were established to advance social and in the case below. NCA has facilitated the signing of an environmental rights asserted in the 1988 Constitution. MOU between NCA partner and ACT Alliance member Many of these NGOs have built up and continue to apply Diaconia and NCA’s country office in Angola to ensure a successful working method of linking the grassroots the transfer of these advocacy and technical skills to to state, federal and international levels. This gives the NCA’s FBO partners there. This will ensure continuous NGOs legitimacy from grassroots organisations and learning beyond NCA’s formal programming in Brazil.

70 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 SELECTED RESULTS

BRAZIL: Renewable off-grid solution meets energy needs of indigenous community

WHY: After a 30-year struggle, the indigenous peoples of Raposa Serra do Sol received legal recognition of their traditional lands in 2005. This marked the start of their next struggle – to secure adequate energy for the social and economic development of their communities.

WHAT: Feasibility studies for renewable energy systems in indigenous communities, including significant inputs from the communities themselves, were conducted. Advocacy was carried out to secure the inclusion of the systems into the national energy plans, and capacity development was provided for communities to ensure the sustainability of energy systems.

RESULTS: Local renewable energy installations incorporated into the government’s rural electrification programme “Luz Para Todos” (Light for All).

The indigenous territory of Raposa Serra do Sol in documented above have been free and prior consul- Brazil’s northernmost state Roraima, is not only tation in accordance with the Indigenous and Tribal home to the Makuxi, one of Brazil’s largest indigenous Peoples Convention (ILO 169), a technical approach populations, but is also one of the windiest parts to verify feasibility, donor dialogue, and support from of the country. Despite this potential for renewable ISA who has expertise in carrying out consultations energy production, it has remained an energy poor with indigenous communities on similar issues. A area with local communities relying on diesel as film documenting these results is also available.* their primary energy source. Due to its remoteness, the area is not part of the national energy grid, and until recently excluded from the government’s rural electrification programme. NCA partner ISA has cooperated with the Makuxi communities and an academic institution in an effort to find a sustainable energy solution. Technical feasibility studies were done to measure the wind and solar potential in the area, and to determine if an energy mix of wind and solar would provide an economically viable option. ISA and the indigenous communities have advocated for inclusion in the rural electrification programme, and in 2015 this became a reality when the federal energy authority announced that an energy system will be installed in 2016. This will provide energy through solar and wind power to one thousand Makuxi in two communities. The government will bear the costs of USD 1 million to install four wind turbines and 150 solar panels, which will have the combined installed capacity of 77kW. Ensuring that the new energy source is managed and maintained in a sustainable manner by the local communities themselves is the key to providing reliable renewable energy in remote areas outside of the national grid. To do this, ISA has entered into cooperation with the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology in Roraima to provide 30 younger members of the Makuxi community with skills needed to fill this role. The course started at the end of 2015. The windpower towers will be placed on the highest point. Other key factors to achieving the results Photo: Aldenir Cadete/CIR/ISA, Brazil

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2y5Qkx2VKfA

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 71 u CHAPTER 3.4

AFGHANISTAN: War-torn hills turning green

WHY: The highlands of Afghanistan are vulnerable to landslides and erosion due to deforestation and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, including floods and droughts. Women in this area are often engaged in subsistence farming, a sector which provides limited livelihood opportunities due to poor agricultural practices.

WHAT: Community based reforestation management, including a focus on women’s participation and income generation.

RESULTS: A more resilient community facing less risk of landslides and erosion, economically empowered women, and an increase in knowledge about infrastructure and techniques needed for natural resource management are the main results.

Due to extensive deforestation in Afghanistan, NCA’s project. Each of them earned around USD 250 for this, reforestation activities employ a forest management a considerable amount for women who did not previ- approach as opposed to one of natural succession. ously have any income. The funds were reinvested in In 2015 NCA reforested a 12-acre area on the their nurseries and used to support their children’s eroded hills surrounding Maimana city in Faryab education. These associations have also increased Province, adding to the adjoining 12 acres reforested the community’s awareness of the importance of the the previous year. The newly planted area is now sustainable management of resources through refor- covered with 4,500 pistachio and almond saplings. estation and they have advocated for the protection They will not only protect the area from erosion of local forests. Their knowledge is now sought after and landslides, but will also provide the community by other communities who are willing to invest and with future income through processing and sales. In learn about this type of reforestation interventions. cooperation with NCA, a network was established Income from these nurseries has had an impact on in the community to advocate for forest protection the economic status of women, allowing them greater through campaigns in Mosques. Although all forest say in rural community development issues. areas in Afghanistan belong to the government, this forest will be managed by local authorities and the community’s forest network together. Using improved planting techniques and high quality saplings increased the survival rate and ensured establishment of the new crops. A proper water management system was also introduced to avoid water loss through targeted irrigation. This is more sustainable in regards to costs and the environment, as traditionally seedlings are irrigated using water distributed by water trucks. The initial investment in this drip irrigation system can provide returns for the community for many years to come, as it can be used in another location after the initial three-year establishment period for the current crop has elapsed. The project has not only focused on reducing the area’s risk to disasters, but also on increasing local income, especially that of women. Women who were organised by NCA in 2014 as a community association Samad checks the trees that have been planted by the community part of an NCA agriculture project in Chaprasak village, Shah- to establish nurseries as part of their kitchen gardens, restan, Daikundi Province, Afghanistan. supplied the pistachio and almond saplings to the Photo: Jim Holmes/Norwegian Church Aid

72 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

Climate change mitigation will not continue as a global been instrumental in achieving the results in 2015 and programme per se in NCA’s new strategy; however throughout the 2011-2015 strategic period. This type of the focus on renewable energy and CCM has been funding creates continuity over time, which is crucial in integrated into other programmes from 2016. This has regards to dialogue processes with communities and had some effect on the level of achievements against complicated technical feasibility studies and assess- global outcomes in 2015, as countries started to phase ments. out the programme of their portfolio. Pursuing international carbon trading, certification In 2015 the programme did not have a designated and commercialising offsetting has proven too difficult HO advisor which has impacted on the HO’s capacity to for the organisation to implement on a systematic basis advice and provide quality assurance. More technical during the 2011-2015 strategic period. capacity on renewable energy at HO level would have Finally, the CCM results framework has been too benefited the programme. However, country offices ambitious in this period. In the new programme plan, have managed to compensate for this gap by engaging tracking performance on renewable energy inter- local resources. ventions is expected to be easier, as these are now Earmarked funding, such as that for clean energy integrated into NCA’s WASH, Economic Empowerment in NCA’s cooperation agreement with Norad, has and Climate Resilience global programmes.

Alijan, an NCA trained barefoot Solar Engineer, helps Iqbal unpack a new solar panel which is part of the NCA Solar Power project, Sharestan, Daikundi Province, Afghanistan. Photo: Jim Holmes/Norwegian Church Aid

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 73 u CHAPTER 3.4

RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION (CCM)

OUTCOME 1: Indigenous peoples are mobilised to promote their rights in national and global climate change policies

Achieved in Southern Africa and Kenya, where partners have made sure that petitions for UNFCCC COP 2015 included this target group.

OUTCOME 2: Rights-holders address their fossil fuel dependency

Achieved in Brazil, Laos and Kenya, documented by a predominant increase in biogas compared to other sources of energy. After five years of intense work, indigenous peoples living in off-grid areas in Brazil are now allowed to invest in wind power.

OUTCOME 3: Rights-holders have secured sustainable access to electricity from renewable sources (Electrification)

Achieved in Afghanistan, Mali, Laos and Guatemala, where rights-holders now produce electricity from a variety of renewable energy sources.

OUTCOME 4: Rights-holders are mobilised to mitigate deforestation and/or land degradation (Deforestation)

Achieved in Tanzania, Laos, Kenya and Afghanistan where continued efforts have ensured small-scale reforestation and introduction of energy efficient stoves. In Laos communities have also developed rules for sustainable deforestation that decreases the outtake by 40 percent aiming for full re-growth.

OUTCOME 5: Duty bearers have been influenced to include GDR perspectives and elements in national and international climate change policy discourse Achieved in Southern Africa and Tanzania where they are now using GDR methodology in creating and working on policies connected to the signing of the agreements at the UNFCCC COP 21 in Paris.

OUTCOME 6: National decision-makers have been influenced in the development of national policies on renewable energy and deforestation

Achieved in Kenya and South Africa where NCA and partners are positioned to function as hearing committees on national and regional energy policies.

OUTCOME 7: Community-based energy programmes have secured access to carbon market funding

This outcome was abandoned earlier in the stategic period.

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

74 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION (CCA)

Overall goal: Reduction of the vulnerability to climate change of poor and marginalised people and communities.

Summary of main achievements compared to overall goal With an emphasis of upholding and increasing people’s food security, whilst preparing and mobilising for extreme weather events using a Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) methodology, NCA and partners have reduced the vulnerability of another 103,405 persons in 2015. NCA’s Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) programme was implemented in the following countries in 2015: Angola, Brazil, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Haiti, Kenya, Laos, Mali, Southern Africa, Vietnam and Zambia.

STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY by providing training for communities, advocating for authorities to provide communities with contextualised Civil society bridges gap between state emergency alert messaging, and linking these structural interven- services and local community needs tions with existing community structures to ensure they The first of the global outcomes for this programme are utilised effectively in disaster response. focuses on mobilising people to be able to mitigate NCA and partners’ experience from working towards risks in their communities in association with natural this outcome in 2015 and the entire 2011-2015 strategic disasters. To achieve this in 2015, emphasis was put period have informed ACT Alliance policies on DRR and on communities practicing and utilising early warning climate change mitigation. These have in turn been systems, in addition to ensuring the integration of used to influence the outputs of two key events in 2015, existing social structures, such as FBO networks, namely UNFCCC COP 21 in Paris and the Third UN into federal structures for disaster preparedness and World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai. response. This last point is of particular relevance in The frameworks resulting from these events were also Asia, where authorities have systematically established deemed a success. ACT and other civil society actors structural interventions such as early warning systems, contributed to human rights for the first time being typhoon shelters and relocation areas. Community acknowledged in climate change protocols. Civil society understanding of how to utilise these is often lacking is eagerly awaiting the concrete results of these frame- however NCA and partners have addressed this gap works on the ground.

Community members in Hintalo Wajirat district Tigray participate in tracing work to protect the land from further depletion. Photo: Hilina Abebe/Norwegian Church Aid, Ethiopia

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 75 u CHAPTER 3.4

SELECTED RESULTS

VIETNAM: Faith-based disaster response network officially recognised

WHY: Vietnam is highly vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters. These threaten the safety of the population and the country’s future economic development.

WHAT: NCA in Vietnam facilitated the first ever national interfaith conference on the environment and climate change. Bringing together political leaders and faith-based actors, the conference highlighted how these actors can respond to the effects of climate change.

RESULTS: A milestone political framework for the active involvement of faith-based actors in community- based responses to climate change and environmental protection in Vietnam was signed. This has the potential to increase the country’s resilience to climate change and further enhance the development of a civil society.

FBOs represent the only rooted social movement applied by NCA’s faith-based partners, as best practice outside the political party system in Vietnam, and examples for reference and replication. have broad outreach and mobilisation capacity. Their One such pilot model with significant progress in potential to mitigate social tension and to contribute 2015 is the building of disaster risk management skills with mobilisation and support to vulnerable population for local communities in form of local Rapid Response groups is significant, but the political space for their Teams (RRTs). These RRTs are established with local active involvement has been limited. NCA’s partner- faith-based actors as key contributing members. They ships with FBOs and successful advocacy work has are trained to use practical tools related to DRR and opened doors and created new opportunities and social work, and to coordinate and cooperate with other arenas for religious actors in Vietnam. local response actors. Vietnam’s two most significant One such arena was the first ever National Interfaith faith-based youth movements, the Buddhist Youth Conference on the environment and climate change held Association and the Catholic Youth, are important in Hue, Vietnam in December 2015. NCA facilitated the elements in the RRTs. Strengthening these FBO youth event, gathering around 500 delegates, representing all movements and including their members in the RRTs 14 religions in Vietnam and political leaders to agree on provides valuable learning arenas for organisational a framework for the involvement of faith-based organi- development. sations in climate change response and environmental Another important factor is ensuring coordination and protection towards 2020. This historic event, and its cooperation between the faith-based response infra- political declaration, has opened an entirely new space structure, the Red Cross and the government’s Flood for FBO engagement in Vietnam. and Storm Control Centre (FSCC). These government FBOs are now seen as part of the solution to institutions have never involved faith-based members addressing Vietnam’s increasing vulnerability to the before. Professional, capable and mobilised FBOs impacts of climate change. Significant efforts will have working constructively with Vietnamese authorities can to be made however, by the FBOs themselves and other add value to the national disaster response capacity and stakeholders, if they are to fulfil the ambitions mapped Vietnamese Climate Change response strategies. They out for them at the conference. Key to success in this can also be a driving force in the development of a more process is building on the experience of the pilot models open and participatory Vietnamese society.

Signing of joint commitment, Vietnam. Photo: Pham Van Hung/Norwegian Church Aid, Vietnam

76 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 GUATEMALA: Indigenous women continue to keep communities safe from disasters

WHY: Indigenous communities are often excluded by the state’s efforts at mitigation leaving them less prepared to reduce the effects of natural disasters. Levels of exclusion are amplified for women in these communities.

WHAT: Using a community based DRR approach, women were trained in disaster response techniques, equipped with tools and organised into rescue committees. Advocacy towards government institutions at the local and national levels was used to institutionalise local structures.

RESULTS: Indigenous women are better prepared to respond to natural disasters. Formal cooperation between the women’s community based emergency response structures and both local and national authorities ensures their sustainability and possible inclusion in the national disaster mitigation structure.

The impacts of recurring geophysical and natural teams. A cooperation agreement was signed with disasters are felt by all members of the commu- the municipal level of CONRED in collaboration with nities they strike. The fact that women tend to local municipalities to ensure the committees are remain in their communities, whilst men often kept up to date on information and their DRR skills. leave to find employment, makes them particu- Fortunately these communities were not struck larly vulnerable when earthquakes, landslides and by any disasters in 2015. However, the emergency floods hit. Despite this, women are rarely trained committees have maintained levels of readiness in disaster response and are excluded from estab- by updating contingency plans, meeting regularly lished emergency preparedness structures. This and conducting mock drills. The agreement with means responses often don’t meet their needs and CONRED also ensured the committees’ skills and they are not equipped to be part of these responses. networks were maintained during the reporting Whilst a national policy for DRR and other policies period. To ensure sustainability of the committees legislate for women’s inclusion in socio-economic beyond NCA and CODEFEM’s support, CODEFEM matters, only a moderate increase in women’s drafted an additional agreement with CONRED, this participation in disaster preparedness and response time at the national level, to provide the committees has been seen. with future training and materials and with a formal NCA has addressed this situation in four indig- role in the national disaster mitigation structure. enous Maya Mam and Quiché communities in The ambition is for this to be signed in 2016. Tectitan and San Pedro Jocopilas Municipalities - areas heavily exposed to impacts of climate change – by establishing female rescue committees in each of them. This has not only increased the community members’ safety, but has also established greater recognition of women’s capacities, increased their confidence and ensured women’s needs are addressed in future responses. NCA and partner CODEFEM have worked with women of all ages, including youth, in these communities for several years to establish these structures. The women have been involved in relevant community mapping exercises and have organised themselves into rescue committees. These committees have been trained by CODEFEM, CONRED15 and the municipal fire brigade in areas such as first aid, psychosocial recovery, and search and rescue. Committees have rehearsed emergency procedures Women receive training in risk management. Tojul, 16 (mock drills ) regularly, and obtained certification to Huehuetenango, Guatemala. become part of the provincial emergency response Photo: Juan José Rabanales/Norwegian Church Aid, Guatemala

15 Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres - National Agency for Disaster Reduction 16 Mock drills – live role plays of emergency situations for learning, adjusting and developing risk mitigation interventions.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 77 u CHAPTER 3.4

DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

The CCA programme continued to be implemented allows for smoother transition to new interventions in accordance with plans in the reporting period with and greater potential to diversify funding sources. In no significant deviations. The fact that some of NCA contexts characterised by religious strife, political country offices with CCA programmes are part of NCA’s difficulties, or totalitarian regimes the climate change current geographical focus process did however mean discourse is often seen as a non-controversial theme that these programmes’ funding plans were given a and can thus function as a door opener for processes lower priority. relating to dialogue. The programme design itself was Lessons learned at the end of 2011-2015 strategy relevant for the contexts NCA works in, demonstrated include the capacity challenges faced by country by the results framework below presenting solid results offices and the partners when it comes to starting up under all the global outcomes in the reporting period. a new programme like CCA. With 12 countries included Finally, integration of DRR methodology in addition to in the programme, there is a need to invest in the adaptation has been important in order to protect lives capacity of partners and country office staff using a and property. mix of country and HO resources. Increased capacity

RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION (CCA)

OUTCOME 1: Rights-holders are mobilised to manage adaptation and disaster risk reduction initiatives in their own community.

Achieved in Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos, Ethiopia, Southern Africa, Tanzania and Haiti where rights-holders have been mobilised, trained and assisted in understanding and counteracting the negative effects of climate change.

OUTCOME 2: Rights-holders have addressed climate induced risks in their working areas

Achieved in Brazil, Vietnam, Mali, Ethiopia, Angola, Kenya and Zambia, where rights-holders have reduced their vulnerability to risks.

OUTCOME 3: Duty bearers include CCA and DRR measures in budgets and policies

Achieved in Brazil, Zambia, Vietnam and Kenya where rights-holders have been instrumental in ensuring rooted advocacy is transformed into policy in the UNISDR world conference in Sendai and the UNFCCC COP 21 in Paris, committing duty-bearers through signed agreements.

OUTCOME 4: Rights-holders have diversified and strengthened own livelihood assets

Achieved in Ethiopia, Mali, Zambia, Angola, Kenya and Laos, where rights-holders have used seed diversifi- cation, watershed management, and established nurseries and income generation activities to strengthen their livelihood.

OUTCOME 5: Rights-holders have access to DRR measures and are more resilient to natural disasters

Achieved in Guatemala, Vietnam and Haiti, making rights-holders more resilient to natural disasters through application of DRR methodology and interventions. Kenya and Zambia are making necessary steps with communities and authorities for implementing DRR measures.

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

78 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 GLOBAL STRATEGY 2011-2015

TOGETHER FOR A JUST WORLD Empowering the poor and challenging the privileged

Emergency response, long-term development and advocacy AN INTEGRATED APPROACH u CHAPTER 3.5

THE RIGHT GENDER ECONOMIC CLIMATE THE RIGHT TO PEACE AND JUSTICE JUSTICE JUSTICE TO WATER AND SECURITY HEALTH

Women, Gender-based Livelihood Climate Social peace and violence and trade change mitigation of security mitigation HIV and AIDS

Community Women in Resources Climate Access to violence governance and change quality and small arms finance adaptation health care control

Faith Water, communities sanitation and Action by Churches Together and hygiene peacebuilding BUILDING ALLIANCE WITH FAITH-BASED ACTORS AND PARTNERS

This matrix illustrates our vision and the totality of our work, including how we work, what we work with and with whom. 3.5 THE RIGHT TO WATER AND HEALTH

• SOCIAL MITIGATION OF HIV AND AIDS • ACCESS TO QUALITY HEALTH CARE • WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH)

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 79 u CHAPTER 3.5

SOCIAL MITIGATION OF HIV AND AIDS

Overall goal: Improved quality of life for people living with or affected by HIV and AIDS.

Summary of main achievements compared to overall goal In 2015, 41,356 people living with or affected by HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) have received care and support through this programme. Several countries also report positive changes in attitudes in local communities towards PLWHA. NCA’s Social Mitigation of HIV and AIDS programme was implemented in the following countries in 2015: Angola, Ethiopia, Laos, Malawi, Thailand and Vietnam.

Fundraising event promoting environmental work and the involvement of the villagers in Beungsantheung, Laos organised with support from NCA. Photo: Laura Pineiro/Norwegian Church Aid, Laos

STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY

Local structures carry forward the interfaith agenda in to secure a stronger role for FBOs in HIV and AIDS and Thailand development work in Thailand as well as globally. NCA’s The closure of NCA’s programme office in Thailand accompaniment of TIFSD was intensified in 2015 to ensure in 2015 did not signal an end to NCA’s efforts in the it had the capacity, structure and network to independently country; two newly formed Thai foundations are manage donor-funded programmes following NCA’s exit. positioned to continue from where NCA’s programme The platform is not the only structure continuing NCA’s left off. And they will do so in cooperation with a network initiatives. A new foundation named Think Plus, with a of faith-based actors developed through NCA’s 30-years vision to support youth in their self-development, was presence in the country. established by former NCA staff members at the end of Over the last 10 years, NCA’s programme focused on 2015. It has also drawn on NCA’s institutional knowledge HIV and AIDS and the partnership portfolio was reduced and networks, along with tools developed through NCA to a fledgling interfaith platform. NCA worked alongside programmes. the platform to implement several rounds of HIV and AIDS As more donors in Thailand move away from supporting programming funded primarily by The Global Fund to Fight international NGOs, the two new foundations aim to attract AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. During this period, NCA donor funding available to local NGOs. Think Plus secured worked systematically to enable the platform to be regis- their first grant in 2015 and TIFSO has secured grants for tered as a Thai foundation able to implement programmes three interfaith projects from a Thai Research Fund. The without NCA’s support. two continue cooperating on concrete projects, and have In 2014 the platform registered under the name Thai already piloted an initiative of developing a curriculum Interfaith Foundation for Social Development (TIFSD) for building youth self-esteem. The first workshop was with a strategic focus on HIV and AIDS, strengthening an conducted for 30 grade 8 students. They are also running inter-faith focus in development, and promoting account- the project Leadership and Life Skill Development to Young ability and good governance. Although it took time, their Novice together at a local Buddhist temple. registration was an achievement for NCA’s advocacy work

80 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 SELECTED RESULTS

LAOS: Buddhist monks improve care provision and support for people living with HIV and AIDS

WHY: Laos is defined as a low HIV prevalence country, yet there is an increasing level of infection amongst some groups including female sex workers (FSW). Only 30% of those infected receive Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment and 36% report avoiding visiting a clinic when needed due to stigma17. FBOs’ role in HIV and AIDS prevention and care has been limited despite their potential to fill this role.

WHAT: Support services for People Living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA); community stigma reduction; capacity development of peers and monks in counselling; peer awareness raising on HIV and AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs); and advocacy for a stronger role for FBOs in HIV and AIDS work.

RESULTS: Results have been strengthened through the involvement of FBOs. Mortality rates among PLWHA have been reduced, and FBOs in Laos now have increased opportunities to play a role in care and support for PLWHA.

Due to the limited space for FBOs and other civil communities where discrimination was reported. The society actors in Laos, programmes have largely following is a reflection from one of the monks “Our been implemented by NCA staff in cooperation with role in this programme is basically to reduce stigma government counterparts. Since 2014 however, two and discrimination and to increase acceptance. local FBOs, Lao Buddhism for Development (LBD) Where they have been reports of discrimination and Metthatham, have been partners in NCA’s long- in the community, the project staff will involve us running HIV and AIDS programme. The programme in community awareness-raising sessions and in had two components, one focusing on HIV prevention PLWHA home visits”18. amongst FSW and a second related to care and Another example of the added value of the monks support activities for PLWHA and community stigma was the role they played in building a PLWHA reduction. Buddhist monks were involved in the support centre in Luang Namtha. The provincial latter with the intention to strengthen programme health authorities allocated land behind the local results, increase the capacity of the FBOs and create hospital and NCA engaged the monks to raise funds more space for civil society in Laos. A recent evalu- for construction of the centre through organising a ation underlined the value the monks have added to Buddhist ceremony at the temple. the project along with other key results. As NCA prepares to close its operations in Laos, Identified results from the care and support there has been a focus on ensuring that FBO partners component of the programme since 2011 show are positioned to continue their HIV and AIDS work. improved access and adherence to treatment for NCA has provided them with organisational capacity PLWHA and a reduction in the mortality rate from development, which has already resulted in LBD 3.7% down to zero among people supported by the securing a grant from The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, project. Improvements in the health and wellbeing Tuberculosis, and Malaria. of PLWHA came as a the result of several initiatives including; monthly meetings for PLWHA self-help groups, follow-up on people on Antiretro Viral (ARV) treatment, and home visits by monks, medical doctors and peer group members. PLWHA confirmed the meaningful role monks played in these visits. These initiatives ensured that PLWHA not only had regular access to their ARV medicines, but also to professional healthcare workers and peer counsellors. Communities show greater acceptance of HIV and AIDS, and a decrease in discrimination of PLWHA is noted. This is owing to increased access to Monks participated in home visits in Luang Namtha, treatment, which increases the perception of HIV as Attapeu and Sekong provinces. a manageable condition, and awareness-raising in Photo: Marcel Giger/Norwegian Church Aid

17 http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/LAO_narrative_report_2014.pdf 18 Nierras, T., Gomez-Jareno, L., and Soundara, S. (2016). Evaluation Report – Social Migigation of HIV/AIDS Programme 2007-2015, pp 22.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 81 u CHAPTER 3.5

DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED 2015 has been a year of phasing out and handing evidence on its impact on prevention. The high mobility over for NCA’s HIV and AIDS programme as a result of the female sex workers meant that another approach of NCA’s geographical focus process, and the fact for follow-up after training sessions should have been that the programme will not be continued in NCA’s employed for this group of rights-holders. new programme plan in its current form. Some of the NCA’s commitment to responsible exit strategies components will however be included under the new has meant investments have been made in Thailand, Reproductive Health Programme. Laos and Vietnam in 2015, the results of which are 2015 saw the closure of NCA’s programme in exemplified in the cases above from Thailand and Thailand, the final year of implementation for the Laos Laos. This shift in focus has meant greater variance in programme, and the start of reduction in presence for accordance to plans. This is reflected in the overview of NCA in Vietnam. NCA Vietnam prioritised building the global outcomes presented below. The focus has been capacity of FBO volunteers to provide psychosocial care on capacity and strengthening the collaboration with for PLWHA. In Laos the end evaluation of the HIV and local governments and other stakeholders, including AIDS programme concluded that whilst it had significant FBOs, to care for PLWHA and orphans and vulnerable positive impact on care and support, there was little children (OVC) like in Ethiopia and Laos.

Learning about protection through a study circle. HIV and AIDS project, Laos. Photo: Marcel Giger/Norwegian Church Aid

82 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* SOCIAL MITIGATION OF HIV AND AIDS

OUTCOME 1: Rights-holders are mobilised to claim equal rights for PLWH at local and national level

Achieved in Malawi where work has been done with relevant stakeholders to inform the public that suspension of ARV treatment is dangerous for people’s health, and encourage people to stay on ARV. This was done after experiencing that healing ceremonies were carried out by people claiming to be pastors for people living with HIV discouraging PLWH from continuing with ARV.

OUTCOME 2: National duty bearers are influence to change national laws and regulations

This global outcome was not selected by any of the countries working on this global programme.

OUTCOME 3: Local and national duty bearers are influenced to provide treatment and care for PLWH

Achieved in Ethiopia and Malawi. In Ethiopia referral mechanisms for PLWHA access to health and other services were facilitated by partners, such as providing health insurance programmes at minimal cost.

OUTCOME 4: Pharmaceutical companies have been influenced to offer affordable medicines for HIV/AIDS treatment

This global outcome was not selected by any of the countries with this this global programme.

OUTCOME 5: Rights-holders benefit from legal, social, physical and economic assistance with a special focus on women and children

Achieved in all countries. In Ethiopia 46 guardians and PLWHA were provided with business management and entrepreneurship training. All of them recieved seed money and started small businesses.

OUTCOME 6: Rights-holders have secured support for healthy and positive lifestyle

Achieved in Laos, Ethiopia and Malawi. In Laos a care and support project ensured that infected children and orphans of PLWHA exercised their basic rights for access to education.

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 83 u CHAPTER 3.5

ACCESS TO QUALITY HEALTH CARE

Overall goal: Improved access to quality health care for poor and marginalised communities through faith-based actors.

Summary of main achievements compared to overall goal In 2015, 695,488 rights-holders received services through this programme. The focus has been on providing essential maternal and neo-natal services and primary health care in areas affected by conflict or difficult to reach. This has resulted in an increase in safe deliveries and a reduction in maternal and child mortality rates. Vaccination campaigns have also been successful in reducing the prevalence of some diseases. NCA’s Access to Quality Health Care programme was implemented in the following countries in 2015: Malawi, Myanmar, Palestine, South Sudan, Sudan, Vietnam and Zambia.

“My name is Helen and I come from Bentiu in South Sudan. I’m about 35 years old. My son is four months old and called Wende. He was born here in Don Bosco camp. I fled from the war and came here to this camp in January. My husband is a soldier and is still at the front.” Photo: Erik Thallaug/Norwegian Church Aid

STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY Ethnic healthcare providers push for federal health federal health system. In early 2015, they released a system in Myanmar concept note, which highlights the need to strengthen The health sector in Myanmar is highly centralised. and expand HCCG’s comprehensive primary health care The state and regional governments have no juris- model, with formal recognition for the existing ethnic diction over the state and regional departments – only health governance structure. To retain responsibility for a coordination role. There is no mechanism securing healthcare provision in a future power-sharing model hospitals responsiveness to local needs, and commu- with the government of Myanmar, this concept paper nities are not part of the decision-making processes to has been brought to several high level meetings with the improve health facilities and services. On the contrary, Ministry of Health (MOH) throughout the year. In shaping health systems in ethnic states are decentralised. The the new Myanmar following decades of civil war, it is Karen, the Karenni, the Mon and the Shan, all have critical that all stakeholders are mobilised and included their own health systems with complete autonomy over in the consultation to build consensus and support. programming, as well as administration for services NCA has provided several of the HCCG members in their respective areas. Their primary healthcare with long-term support. This has encompassed both approaches are adapted to local contexts and involve programme funding and capacity development in areas community participation. In the isolated and conflict- such as gender and conflict sensitivity. NCA also facili- affected areas of ethnic states, healthcare services are tated networks between these ethnic health providers provided by mobile teams of health workers, including and NCA partners operating from Yangon. These long-term NCA partners. These ethnic service providers linkages were especially important during the years of manage an extensive network of workforce members conflict as the relations between these two groups of who live and work in their own communities. They have civil society actors was often characterised by misun- been operating for over 26 years and believe that their derstandings and mistrust. With a National Ceasefire unique operating model, skills and experience should Agreement in place, HCCG members are able to draw be used by the new Myanmar government to strengthen on capacity and expertise gained through long-term the national health system. partnering with international NGOs like NCA, as they The Health Convergence Core Group (HCCG), a body work towards developing the federal health system representative of these ethnic health service providers, envisioned above. have lobbied the Myanmar government to develop a

84 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 SELECTED RESULTS

MALAWI: Nursing institutions better equipped to train nurses

WHY: Nurse educators lacked academic skills needed to meet research needs and in turn improve the quality of their own academic practice and institutions. Existing nursing education research comes primarily from western countries and is not always relevant to the Malawian setting.

WHAT: Training of nurse educators in action research design; cooperation between Norwegian and Malawian members of academia to develop and conduct action research relevant to the Malawian nursing education context.

RESULTS: The volume of Malawian nursing education research increased. Malawian nurse educators are now able to design and conduct professional action research assignments. Findings have the potential to improve the quality of nursing education in Malawi.

For the last decade, NCA has been working in nursing education. This has not only expanded cooperation with Christian Health Association the knowledge of those engaged in the project, of Malawi (CHAM) and Norwegian and Malawian but potentially those of the broader academic nursing colleges, to develop the capacity of Malawian community. Research has also generated nursing colleges to educate more qualified nurses. evidence that will be used to by nurse educators Whilst this has included tangible initiatives such to improve their approaches and skills. As a as developing much needed infrastructure for the result of the training, the nurse educators have Malawian nursing colleges, focus has also been on improved their information literacy, which enables developing the capacity of nurse educators to carry them to research and apply relevant literature to out research on nursing education in Malawi, and their work. They are also able to produce more in turn increase the volume of literature available realistic, specific and feasible recommendations on the topic. in their research. Finally, the local community of This process started by developing the capacity learning established in this process will continue of 22 nurse educators in action research and beyond the life of the project, since it had a disseminating their findings at an international positive effect on the learning environment in the conference in Lilongwe in 2012. Phase two linked nursing colleges. up 28 nurse educators with professional tutors from Malawi and Norway for further action research. Nursing colleges where invited to come forward with abstracts for action research. Three groups composed of Malawian and Norwegian tutors along with the nurse educators, were selected for funding and approved by the National Health Science Research Committee. The groups’ research assignments focused on issues such as self-directed learning and factors affecting clinical performance. Their research was presented at a dissemination conference in Lilongwe in 2015, and the group is currently trying to get the research findings published in international nursing journals. One direct output of the project is the Nurse educators and professional tutors from Malawi and Norway increased volume of literature about Malawian planning together. Photo: Bodil Tveit/Diakonhjemmet

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 85 u CHAPTER 3.5

PALESTINE: Palestinians receive specialised cancer care

WHY: Cancer is the second most common cause of death in Palestine. Treatment services within the West Bank, particularly in Gaza, are weak with shortages of facilities for specialised oncology care.

WHAT: Developed the capacity of medical staff at Augusta Victoria Hospital (AVH) in East Jerusalem; upgraded AVH facilities; advocated for Palestinians living in Gaza to access AVH’s services and facilitated their visits for treatment. An external evaluation of the project Strategic Cancer Care Initiative was conducted in 2015.

RESULTS: AVH has met the increasing medical needs of all Palestinians to access tertiary oncology services, and strengthened the Palestinian presence in East Jerusalem.

NCA has cooperated with a number of church-based in 2014-2015, and this upgrading of technology and and public health institutions in Norway for the past infrastructure means that AVH can offer patients seven years to support AVH to become a national safe and well-equipped facilities for diagnosis, cancer care centre for all Palestinians, including treatment and care of cancer patients. those living in Gaza. The goal of the joint project has Patients from Gaza and remote areas of the West been to be able to provide patients with compre- Bank have been supported in accessing cancer hensive cancer care including radiotherapy, surgery care provided by AVH. This includes the almost and chemotherapy. An emphasis of the project has 2,000 patients (60% women) who were assisted also been on developing AVH’s institutional capacity, by the project’s Gaza cancer support and busing since it is a Palestinian hospital strategically located programme in 2014-2015. Without transportation in East Jerusalem in a context dominated by the services like this, Palestinians living in Gaza face Israeli occupation. major challenges in obtaining permits from the 2015 saw the improvement of the quality of the Israeli authorities to enter Jerusalem and to stay cancer care services for Palestinians. This came for the entire period of treatment. Despite diffi- as a result of a training programme for AVH health culties, AVH has managed to advocate for access staff, facilitated over many years by the Norwegian and has covered accommodation costs for Gaza Radium Hospital (part of Oslo University Hospital) patients while in Jerusalem. AVH’s important role and Betanien University College. In 2014-2015 the in facilitating the use of their hospital’s services programme was attended by 36 nurses and lab by residents of Gaza, along with the hospital’s role technicians, who are now better able to respond in strengthening the Palestinian rights to East to the changing needs in cancer care and have Jerusalem19 have been highlighted in the 2015 developed their awareness of relevant research. The evaluation report as two significant results from surgical oncology department was also renovated the project.

DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

In South Sudan, a change within the Health Pooled Fund An evaluation of the Strategic Cancer Care Initiative saw NCA supported activities transferred to World Vision. project in Palestine identified a lack of preventive and This significantly reduced NCA’s engagement in direct early detection efforts, but documented a high degree service delivery. In Vietnam, activities focusing on the of relevance for meeting medical needs of Palestinians. nexus between climate change, natural disasters and A further lesson from 2015 and the entire 2011-2015 health have not progressed as much as expected since strategic period is that mobilising faith leaders and the start up in 2014. Strengthening local health clinics making use of religious resources give results when has been challenging due to lack of funds and constraints it comes to challenging social, religious and cultural on NCA’s capacity. Despite this, the project has imple- norms that uphold GBV and poor health conditions. mented activities under this programme including NCA’s GBV and Reproductive Health programme in the first-aid training for members of the Rapid Response new programme plan will build on these lessons learned Teams and the staff of Buddhist charity clinics. and continue developing linkages and synergies.

19 Evaluation of the Strategic Cancer Care Initiative (Phase I & II) Palestine, HERA, 2015.

86 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* ACCESS TO QUALITY HEALTH CARE

OUTOME 1: Rights-holders have the knowledge and means to protect themselves from diseases that are likely to represent a significant risk to health

Achieved in Myanmar, Sudan, Malawi, South Sudan and Zambia. In Malawi 1,240 youth have been informed about SRHR through 40 active youth clubs and religious leaders have been involved through dialogue sessions with the youth. This is an achievement since SRHR has not been openly discussed within the church before, since it was considered taboo to talk about these issues.

OUTCOME 2: National duty bearers are influenced to deliver on the right to primary health care services

Achieved in Palestine, Malawi, Myanmar, Sudan and Zambia. In Myanmar 27 auxiliary midwifes were trained by Back Pack Health Working Team and 124 mobile teams of trained health workers and village health workers provided treatment to a total of 62,311 cases including 1,037 cases of malaria.

OUTCOME 3: Health facilities are professionally managed, accountable and inclusive and relate to national health policies

Achieved in South Sudan, Malawi, Sudan, Palestine and Myanmar. In Warrap State in South Sudan 36 NCA supported village health committees and home health promoters were involved in management of six NCA supported health facilities.

OUTCOME 4: Rights-holders have access to safe maternal and child services

Achieved in Myanmar, Sudan, Palestine, South Sudan, Malawi and Zambia. 4,322 patients were assisted in three clinics in Gaza with antenatal care, postnatal care, family planning, under six growth monitoring and nutrition programmes for anaemic and malnourished children.

OUTCOME 5: Health Institutions have employed and retained qualified health personnel

This outcome has not been selected by any of the countries with this global programme.

OUTCOME 6: Norwegian health institutions have provided relevant capacity development support for faith based health institutions in NCA target areas

Achieved in Malawi and Palestine, four Norwegian nursing colleges have been mentors for Malawian nursing colleges assisting them in developing research projects with the goal to be accepted by international nursing journals. In Palestine, 23 nurses and 13 lab technicians have been trained by the Betania Foundation and the Radium Hospital in the changing needs in cancer and developed their critical awareness for relevant research findings.

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 87 u CHAPTER 3.5

WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE (WASH)

Overall goal: Improved access to water and sanitation, enabling a good environment for improved hygiene for poor and marginalised communities.

Summary of main achievements compared to overall goal In 2015, NCA ensured access to safe water for about 945,103 people and supported the establishment of 566 water committees which were trained to manage communal water schemes. This is a fundamental step towards sustainable water services. In a few countries, members have also learned negotiation skills, giving them the confidence to negotiate with local authorities and service providers. NCA secured access for 24,420 people to toilets in their own homes through community mobilisation. Such household sanitation facilities mean comfort, privacy and dignity for the female and male users. NCA also provided WASH services in schools providing 19,771 children with improved sanitation facilities, water supply and hygiene behaviour education. This was achieved through infrastructure development and the establishment of school hygiene clubs and A young boy is demonstrating right method of hand-washing in other child-focused participatory activities. NCA also Naushero Feroze, Pakistan. Photo: Margrethe Volden/Norwegian Church Aid increased the knowledge and awareness of safe hygiene behaviour amongst marginalised people. All NCA focus countries’ water supply and sanitation projects were 270,000 people. The WASH programme was imple- complemented with hygiene promotion activities, and mented in the following countries in 2015: Afghanistan, in three focus countries NCA carried out more compre- Angola, Burundi, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Haiti, Pakistan, hensive behaviour change programmes reaching about Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan.

STRENGTHENING CIVIL SOCIETY

Water committees ensure fair distribution of water processes must ensure the involvement of the whole resources community including women’s groups, youth and When implementing communal WASH projects, NCA children, poor and rich, and leaders. aims to both deliver a service and develop local civil WASH committees play a central role in managing society structures. Longer-term functional water the water, and sometimes sanitation, infrastructure. infrastructures are more likely to be achieved if all the The committee is accountable first and foremost to women and men in a community participate in decision- the community, but also to the authorities. NCA also making. This is why all NCA water projects start with enables water committees to demand better public community mobilisation and empowerment of a WASH services from the government. NCA’s role is to develop a committee. process that the community can use to establish and run NCA uses different tools for community mobilisation. a committee; facilitate the formation of the committee; For example, the REFLECT method is applied in DR train the members; follow up of the committees after Congo. Results of this approach include election of project completion; and sometimes to broker between a committee that represents the community and the committees and authorities. The committee’s task is to community contributing to capital costs or a community collect and manage water consumer fees, and organise action plan. Many communities contribute to capital the maintenance and repair of the infrastructure, often costs with their labour or locally available materials, with local service providers, or authorities. In some while others contribute with money. In the case of countries the committee also has a role in securing NCA’s projects in the Sindh province, Pakistan, the environmental sanitation in the communities, such as communities develop village development plans (153 in Angola where NCA trained 42 women and 22 men to plans in 2015) before they start to improve water supply. work with household sanitation. The water committee To ensure potential water resources or water supply normally has between five and ten members (up to conflicts are addressed early, community mobilisation 15 in Sudan) each with different tasks such as chair-

88 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 person or treasurer. During community mobilisation lishment of separate committees for women and men. In and the formation of committees, NCA stresses the 2015 in Pakistan, NCA facilitated a total of 100 women’s importance of equitable representation by women and and men’s committees in two projects. Normally each men. In South Sudan NCA trained 54 committees with water point or scheme has one committee, and in 2015 133 men and 191 women. In cultures where gender- NCA has facilitated and trained 566 water committees, mixed committees are not permitted (such as in parts of with about 5,000 people, in the 11 countries where we Pakistan and Afghanistan), NCA encourages the estab- implement WASH projects.

SELECTED RESULTS

Communities protected against disease through hygiene promotion and sanitation facilities and services

WHY: Unhygienic conditions and practices contribute to a household’s disease burden, with major impacts on health and well-being as well as economic and social development. Defecation in the open and the transmission of pathogens via hands, food or water are some reasons for transmissible diseases. Under- lying causes are many including lack of household and institutional toilets and no hand washing with soap. Sanitation is fundamental for human survival and for leading a life in dignity. As a consequence, the United Nations recognised sanitation as an essential component of the right to an adequate standard of living and as human right in 2010. Governments in many countries have also recognised this right through national policies, strategies and financing mechanisms.

WHAT: Methodologies used by NCA to create awareness and consequently behaviour change towards safe hygiene and to increase demand for sanitation facilities at the household level include home visits, campaigning, and use of religious and community leaders. Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS), and Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) are two well-known participatory approaches used. NCA also started a social marketing pilot for sanitation facilities in two countries.

RESULTS: In 2015, NCA’s WASH programme helped 24,420 people gain access to toilets in their own home, either through the construction of facilities or, more often, through community mobilisation along with support from local markets and sanitation services providers. All NCA WASH focus countries included a hygiene component in their WASH programmes. In three focus countries, NCA carried out more comprehensive behaviour change programmes reaching about 270,000 people. As part of an overall school WASH programme, NCA also worked with girls and young women to improve menstrual hygiene management.

By training 142 hygiene promotors with the PHAST establishment and development of “hygiene clubs” approach, NCA Somalia helped an estimated 18,360 where trained teachers lead a group of volunteer men and 22,440 women to improve their hygiene children who promote hygienic practices to their practices. The hygiene promoters disseminated fellow students through a child-focused participatory messages about the importance of safe hygiene approach. For instance in Burundi where NCA imple- practices in relation to food, water, and environment, mented a UNICEF-funded WASH in schools project, in addition to domestic and personal hygiene. They NCA constructed 120 toilets and 47 handwashing demonstrated how hand washing with soap or ash facilities in 10 schools in Kirundo province and at four critical moments reduces opportunities for constructed 38 rainwater harvesting schemes with disease transmission, and distributed soap to 7,675 20m³ tanks each. Additionally, NCA trained 600 internally displaced persons (IDP) households to children and teachers to establish school hygiene support good hygiene behaviour. clubs. The clubs organised outreach activities to Also in Somalia, personal hygiene during promote safe hygiene practices to their fellow pupils menstruation was improved for 946 school girls and reaching about 7,000. As a result, pupils are no 3,041 women through the distribution of menstrual longer defecating in the bush as 10-year old Claude hygiene materials (sanitary kits). For the girls, this expressed with great relief: “Bari baraduhevye, ariko also meant continued school attendance and for ubu ndanezerewe cane kuko nshobora kuja mu kazu the women uninterrupted economic activities - ka surwumwe nk’abandi bana, atari mw’ishamba.” important given the majority are bread winners in (Kirundo language) ”We were so abandoned but their families. now I am so glad that I can go to a toilet like other NCA also provided WASH services in schools and children and not in the bush.” health institutions. In schools, NCA supported the

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 89 u CHAPTER 3.5

NRK Telethon brings safe water to nearly 186,000 people in one year

WHY: Fetching water from distant sources is labour-intensive, poses health and safety risks, and can further reinforce existing unequal relations between men and women – as women and girls are usually responsible for meeting household water needs. Time spent on this task means less time spent in school, on other productive activities, or on leisure or social activities.

WHAT: NCA supported the access to water services in countries with often weak institutions, or in conflict situations. NCA frequently engaged with authorities by building their capacity, through technical and other training, and through lobbying. NCA enabled communities to negotiate service delivery from authorities by working with communities on self-empowerment, and raising their awareness of their rights.

RESULTS: NCA was awarded the Norwegian Broadcasting Service (NRK) Telethon in 2014, which allowed NCA to raise funds to provide “Water for One Million People”. In its first year of implementation, NCA has been able to deliver water services to marginalised communities in 10 countries.

NCA Afghanistan and partners constructed 14 water She says: “Before the Telethon project I used to supply schemes providing water for 11 commu- walk for about seven kilometres to fetch water for nities. NCA conducted joint trainings for the water cooking, drinking and other domestic chores. Now, I committees and local authorities, in order to clarify and other children and the entire community can get the role and responsibilities during implementation water near our homes. We are very happy accessing and after the completion of the project. The training water closer to our houses, because it has reduced helped to create an environment of trust between our burden and given us time for schooling and the water committees and the local authorities. leisure activities. Also through the project children In Tanzania, NCA worked through four partners in and other people in Munguli village are enjoying eight districts to implement WASH projects. One of clean and safe water compared to previous water these projects installed a solar-powered electrical sources which were dirty and contaminated.” pumping scheme in Manguri, supplying water to In an unusual move by a 12-year old Tanzanian 1,820 people, a primary school, a secondary boarding girl, Agnes finalised her story by requesting local school and a health post. Manguri is known for being leaders from her village to maintain and protect the the home of Agnes Paulo (12 years old), one of the water project for current and future generations. main faces of the Telethon fundraiser.

DEVIATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

2015 marks the completion of both NCA’s 2011-2015 ding increased engagement with the private sector and strategic period and the global Millennium Devel- the market, will be key to this process in coming years. opment Goals. Through its WASH programme, NCA has Secondly, sustainability of services and behaviour is made a small contribution towards reaching the MDGs increasingly critical in ensuring community and institu- by providing around five million people with access tional resilience. NCA has gained extensive experience to water, contributing to protecting their health and using practical approaches and tools to safeguard promoting development. sustainability, and will continue to work with commu- During the 2011-2015 strategy, all NCA country nities to utilise these and discover new ones. NCA will WASH programmes delivered at least basic water also develop better ways to capture lessons learned and supply services which were managed, operated and share these within forums and with partners. The focus maintained by functioning water committees. All on building capacity of all NCA and partner staff will programmes also integrated essential components to continue as this is key to ensuring quality results in the enhance sustainability of the infrastructure including communities. The 2011-2015 programme has shown appropriate technology, water committees, access to NCA that we still have work to do in enabling people to spare parts and skilled mechanics. access improved household sanitation and adapt good Numerous lessons can be harvested from the last five hygiene behaviour. Finally, there is a need to strengthen years of implementing this global programme. Firstly, the links between humanitarian responses and to improve health outcomes, a stronger integration of long-term interventions in WASH, because emergency the various elements the WASH programme is needed responses normally necessitate rehabilitation and by strengthening both the hygiene and household longer-term interventions. sanitation components. Innovative approaches, inclu

90 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 RESULTS PER GLOBAL OUTCOME* WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE

OUTCOME 1: Rights-holders are mobilised to negotiate conflicting interests of fair management of vulnerable water resources

Achieved in Afghanistan and Sudan where WASH committee members and community leaders were trained in conflict resolution. In Daikundi province, Afghanistan WASH committees handled four conflicts about water distribution and the siting of tap stands.

OUTCOME 2: Rights-holders’ organisations have the capacity for management of sustainable community water supply and sanitation services

Achieved in all 11 WASH country programs by supporting the establishment and development of 566 water committees. The committees were established (under local institutional regulations and mechanisms) and members trained to manage each water point/system and communal/public sanitation infrastructure.

OUTCOME 3: Duty bearers are influenced to deliver on the right to water and sanitation services

Achieved in South Sudan, Sudan, Pakistan, Burundi, Somalia and Haiti. NCA WASH programs used their available resources and capacity to influence duty bearers through lobbying, capacity building and mobilisation. Rights- holders also learned to negotiate with duty bearers to improve WASH services.

OUTCOME 4: Rights-holders take action to protect themselves against key public health risks related to hygiene practices

Achieved to varying degrees in Burundi, Somalia, Angola, Ethiopia and Haiti along with several other country programs which hadn’t chosen the outcome in their programmes. Hygiene promotion, as part of WASH in schools projects, was conducted through ‘hygiene clubs’ for children in Haiti, South Sudan, Tanzania and Burundi.

OUTCOME 5: Service providers have the capacity for accountable and inclusive WASH services delivery

Achieved in Afghanistan, South Sudan and Somalia. Under WASH projects, NCA Afghanistan and South Sudan trained decision makers and technical staff of the provincial water offices resulting in more competent local authorities.

OUTCOME 6: Rights-holders have access to adequate, appropriate, acceptable and sustainable sanitation services in public institutions and households

Achieved to varying degrees in the nine NCA WASH country programs which selected this outcome. In Burundi, Sudan, South Sudan, Haiti, Tanzania and Ethiopia, 19,771 pupils gained access to NCA constructed school toilets with handwashing facilities. In DR Congo and South Sudan, NCA constructed sanitation facilities and water supply in health institutions. NCA also worked on household sanitation in nine countries, providing approximately 24,420 people with access to toilets at home.

OUTCOME 7: Rights-holders have access to sound sustainable water supply services

Achieved in all NCA WASH country programs: Sudan, Burundi, DR Congo, Somalia, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Angola, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Haiti. About 945,000 people gained access to at least basic water service level during 2015. The establishment of the water committees has contributed to the sustainability of this service.

* All global programmes have defined global outcomes. Here is a summary of the main results per global outcome.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 91 u CHAPTER 6

4. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

Earthquake disaster in Nepal. Photo: Arne Grieg Riisnæs/Norwegian Church Aid

92 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 4.1

During 2015, NCA and partners provided humanitarian assistance to 2,311,777 people in close to 20 countries, many of whom had faced multiple crises. In 2015, NCA responded to three Level 320 emergencies in Syria, Northern Iraq and South Sudan. In addition, NCA and partners assisted people affected by conflict and natural disasters among other in Afghanistan, Darfur, DRC, Ethiopia, Nepal, Malawi, Myanmar and Pakistan.

Main interventions: The overall goal of NCA’s humanitarian response is to save lives and protect the rights of vulnerable persons before, during and in the aftermath of emergencies. NCA provides life-saving assistance and protection whenever and wherever the needs are most acute. NCA’s expertise and main delivery in humanitarian response operations is the provision of WASH services, often combined other sector responses such as distribution of food and non-food items (blankets, hygiene kits and cooking utensils) and the provision of shelter, education and psycho-social services. 4.1 IMPROVED RESPONSE CAPACITY

The human and economic cost of disasters caused by Team. NCA has also strengthened its collaboration with natural hazards due to climate change and environ- other ACT Alliance agencies and other humanitarian mental degradation is higher than before. NCA has actors, which has resulted in greater coherence and increased its capacity for timely response, at scale and increased cost effectiveness. The ACT Fast initiative by with quality services to affected people and commu- ACT Alliance Nordic agencies and the Lutheran World nities, and our new global strategy clearly states that Federation (LWF) has strengthened the commitment to NCA’s ambition is to further scale up its humanitarian jointly respond to large scale global emergencies. work. Better coordination means fewer gaps and overlaps NCA’s humanitarian WASH cooperation agreement in humanitarian assistance, ensuring stronger account- with the Norwegian MFA has enabled NCA to increase ability to more people according to the assessed needs its capacity and strengthen global and national WASH of rights-holders. The Core Humanitarian Standards coordination mechanisms by for example the seconding (CHS) and other quality standards and guidelines will of NCA staff to the Global WASH Cluster’s Field Support continue to be at the core of NCA’s humanitarian work.

Distribution of 4,000 bags of hygiene kits with hygiene articles in Poktap camp in Bor, Jonglei State, South Sudan. Photo: Sofi Lundin/Norwegian Church Aid

20 The L3 designation, the highest level on the emergency scale, indicates to the international community that the situation requires a significant response from the entire humanitarian system.

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 93 u CHAPTER 4.1

ETHIOPIA: Strengthening sanitation in WASH response for South Sudanese refugees

In addition to experiencing in 2015 the worst drought promotion activities organised by other international in more than 50 years, Ethiopia has also received more organisations. Based on ARRA’s urgent request, NCA than 200,000 refugees from South Sudan since the and ACT Alliance partners also provided NFIs to cover outbreak of the conflict in December 2013. Refugees are basic water storage and hygiene needs in camps. fleeing from violence and food insecurity, crossing into Vital to the success of the response was the mobili Ethiopia’s Gambella region. Through the joint program sation and involvement of refugees and host community with DCA, supported by ECHO, NCA and its Orthodox members in the construction and maintenance of their and Evangelical FBO partners (IOCC/EOC-DICAC and own household latrines, creating a greater sense of EECMY-DASSC) responded to sanitation needs in two ownership and sustainability. The latrine design used refugee camps in Gambella, by constructing latrines by NCA’s local partner was regarded as successful as with hand washing facilities, digging pits and setting up it was functional and easy to keep clean. Several other a system for waste disposal, doing hygiene promotion, actors replicated the design, including large Interna and constructing communal showers. tional NGOs. Through cooperation, sharing and clear Projects were coordinated in close cooperation with roles and responsibilities, the stakeholders benefit from UNHCR, the national Ethiopian Administration for each other’s knowledge, networks and resources. This Refugee and Returnee Affairs (ARRA), and other organi ensures a more timely, effective and accountable imple- sations. NCA was asked to focus on latrine construction. mentation of activities. Partners’ WASH experts also participated in hygiene

IRAQ: Scaling up at the right time, in the right place

In response to the mass movement of about 657,000 Iraqi people into Northern Iraq in mid-2014, NCA opened an office in Dohuk in late 2014. NCA chose to be operational rather than our preferred modality of working with partners, as local NGOs did not have necessary capacity and there was critical need to start a response immediately. Operations started in early 2015 through rapid deployment of Head Office humanitarian and WASH staff, members of NCA’s humanitarian roster, and recruitment of local staff. NCA was allocated two camps to work in, and within one month, was able to meet the basic WASH needs of 28,000 people in the two camps. Throughout 2015 we have continued to improve the level of service delivery. This mode of operation has served NCA well in Dohuk, where many larger international NGOs have started to downsize their own operations. NCA has expanded the area of its operations to include one new camp in 2015, and in 2016 will include areas where people are returning to their homes. In 2015 we have tried to identify local partners with WASH expertise, but there are very few with this expertise on the ground. NCA will therefore continue to be directly operational to ensure humanitarian needs are met in a timely manner. Our ambition for 2016 is to set up hygiene groups in the camps, which could form the basis of local self-help groups on their return home.

Water distribution in Kabarot, Northern Iraq. Photo: Endre Vestvik/Norwegian Church Aid

94 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 4.2

4.2 RESPONDING THROUGH LOCAL STRUCTURES The preferred model for NCA in humanitarian action populations, and respect long-term perspectives. is to partner with local organisations, since we firmly FBOs in particular are among these first responders believe that it is more sustainable and leads to better to assist people and communities affected by crises resilience in communities. NCA’s long-term relationship and they provide evacuation shelters, volunteers and with local partners, many of them FBOs and members reinforced infrastructure for humanitarian relief and of the ACT Alliance, is therefore a major resource for coordination. During the devastating floods in southern our humanitarian response capacity. Such relationships Malawi in 2015, the established networks of long-term have enabled NCA to access hard-to-reach locations partners of NCA became instrumental channels of deliv- and assist people in need with timely, life-saving and ering an integrated flood response. Along with NCA they dignified assistance in countries such as Mali, Nepal, provided food, agricultural inputs, shelter and WASH South Sudan and Syria. services to more than 65,000 crisis-affected people. In The partnership approach has also continued to enable South Sudan and Syria as well, faith-structures have NCA to fill gaps and better coordinate our response enabled NCA to reach the people most in need of relief. according to the assessed needs of rights-holders. In Based on our extensive experience from working with our experience, local presence enables local actors to local partners in emergencies, NCA firmly believes that be first responders - drawing on established networks a shift towards more locally-led humanitarian response and capacity and getting to affected people days before is needed. We believe investing in local capacity is assessment teams from the UN and external humani- critical if the resilience and response challenges of the tarian agencies arrive. An example of this is the local 21st century are to be met, and we want to see local partners’ access to remote areas of Nepal after the actors being given a larger recognition and role in earthquake. NCA also sees that local organisations are emergency response. In 2015, NCA therefore signed able to shape programmes in a contextually appropriate on to the Charter for Change21, committing us to make and culturally sensitive way. Local organisations are concrete changes in our own humanitarian response by better at knowing communities’ own needs, and they 2018, in order to make this change possible. are well-positioned to ensure accountability to affected

Children learning about proper hand washing and hygiene. Photo: GOPA

21 The Charter for Change is “[a]n initiative, led by both National and International NGOs, to practically implement changes to the way the Humani- tarian System operates to enable more locally-led response”. See https://charter4change.org/

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EUROPE: Responding to the refugee crisis through local faith partners

At the end of 2015, close to 1 million asylum seekers, by building on our long-term relationship with local ACT refugees and migrants had arrived in Greece, most of partner Philanthropy, of the Serbian Orthodox Church. whom came from conflict-affected countries such as Philanthropy distributed food, hygiene articles and NFIs Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq. Many of them continued to refugees passing through Serbia. In addition, NCA northwards to other European countries, posing major cooperated with Ecumenical Humanitarian Organi- challenges to Greece and neighbouring countries to cope sation (EHO) who distributed sleeping mats, blankets, with the influx. As a result, a record number of people NFIs, bottled drinking water and hygiene articles. found themselves as refugees and internally displaced As the root causes of this refugee crisis – such as people (IDP), living in poor conditions in host commu- the conflicts in Syria and Afghanistan – were far from nities, or camps where poor public health conditions reaching peaceful and sustainable solutions at the end are a threat to vulnerable groups. NCA and members of of 2015, NCA’s and its local partners will continue to the ACT Alliance, together with national FBOs in Greece, respond to the needs of arriving asylum seekers and Macedonia and Serbia, responded quickly to the urgent refugees in 2016. humanitarian needs created by this situation. The work was coordinated with the UN and other organisations. NCA focused specifically on vulnerable groups such as children, youth, unaccompanied minors, women, elderly and people with special needs. In Greece, NCA partners IOCC and Apostoli of the Greek Orthodox Church, distributed food, NFIs and provided WASH services on the islands of Samos, Chios and Kos. In Macedonia, NCA established partnership with the Macedonian Centre for International Cooper- ation (MCIC). MCIC installed heaters, improved and expanded latrines and sanitary facilities, and distributed NFIs in refugee transit camps on the borders to Greece Refugees from Syria in Macedonia. and Serbia. In Serbia, NCA was able to start work quickly Photo: Arne Grieg Riisnæs/Norwegian Church Aid

Refugees from Syria in Macedonia. Photo: Arne Grieg Riisnæs/Norwegian Church Aid

96 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 SYRIA: Faith-based actors bringing hope to refugees and internally displaced

The humanitarian calamity deepened in Syria in 2015. Christians due to the severe humanitarian conditions Worsening battles between rebels and government they are facing. With a history dating back more than forces resulted in an increasing number of people 4,000 years, this Middle Eastern Christian minority is fleeing each day. Around 1.2 million refugees are now among the most persecuted groups in Iraq and Syria. registered in Lebanon and more than 7.5 million IDPs Many have fled from conflict in Syria and Iraq to Lebanon, remain in Syria. NCA continued to respond to the crisis which now hosts around 1,400 Assyrian refugee families in 2015, with WASH services reaching around 18,000 who reside primarily in private homes. Despite special refugees in Lebanon and 780,000 IDPs in Syria. These acceptance from Lebanon, UNHCR’s freeze on new figures include vulnerable populations in host commu- refugee registration means they encounter troubles nities in both countries, and their inclusion reflects accessing resettlement programmes and meeting their NCA’s commitment to conflict sensitive programming. basic needs. NCA, IOCC and the Assyrian Church in The response adheres to humanitarian principles Lebanon have responded to the situation by providing ensuring provision of humanitarian relief in an impartial rent assistance to 175 vulnerable Assyrian families, manner not taking factors like religion and political including female-headed households and families affiliation into account. NCA’s response was imple- with no income. The programme has also supported mented in partnership with several partners including Assyrian youth to stay in school and not drop-out to look the International Orthodox Christian Charities (IOCC) for employment. NCA and IOCC has set up a school in and the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and the a church in Lebanon’s capital for 100 Assyrian children All the East (GOPA), who have engaged their networks who have not been admitted to the overcrowded of parishes and volunteers to facilitate access and Lebanese schools. It not only offers students like 14 support to war-affected populations in 10 out of 12 year-old Elsin the opportunity to make up for schooling governorates of Syria. lost to the conflict in Syria, but also offers a return to Though the Lebanese government declared at the normality and the restoration of dreams, “I want to study start of 2015 that the country was not able to accept aircraft engineering”, Elsin proudly told NCA’s General any more refugees, it made allowances for the Assyrian Secretary, who recently visited her school.

NCA’s General Secretary Anne-Marie Helland listen to Elsin’s dreams. Photo: Endre Vestvik/Norwegian Church Aid

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Distribution of water in Bungmati, Nepal. Photo: Arne Grieg Riisnæs/Norwegian Church Aid NEPAL: Successful public-private civil society partnership

A massive earthquake hit central areas of Nepal on Construction Suppliers. FSCN played a key role in April 25th, 2015, followed by a second large earthquake facilitating the involvement of the local community and on May 12th. Around 9,000 people were killed, and the linking them to the other stakeholders. They were also destruction of infrastructure included homes, schools instrumental in ensuring the approval of the new water and water and sanitation systems. NCA mobilised an pipeline from the local Department of Roads, largely assessment team that reached Nepal within 48 hours of through mobilising people from the local community. the earthquake, with a mission to assess critical needs Testing of water quality has shown that the cleaning and plan an intervention together with our ACT Alliance filter installed is functioning properly. member DanChurchAid (DCA), who has long-term NCA technical staff played a pro-active role in this presence in the country, and DCA’s local partner organi- project both by facilitating close coordination between sations who were among the first-line responders. The relevant actors, and through participating in joint response focused on the provision of temporary shelter, assessments and on-site training of local partner staff food, access to safe water and temporary latrines. It during joint monitoring visits. NCA also played an active was implemented in four districts, including some of the role as a participant in the cluster forum for coordi- hardest-hit villages. Immediate needs were addressed nation of WASH activities after the earthquake. by NCA and local partners in the emergency and early recovery phase through trucking safe drinking water to residents. Later, in July and August 2015, NCA’s intervention provided earthquake-affected communities with access to safe drinking water through the construction of a new pipeline replacing one destroyed during the earthquake. The new pipeline provides people with up to 30 litres of safe water per day. This is a significant improvement to the situation prior to the earthquake where residents only had limited access to drinking water. This result was achieved through a successful public- private partnership between NCA, DCA, local partner FSCN, Kathmandu Valley Drinking Water Limited, Bungamati Temporary Home and Reconstruction Assesments in Bungmati, Nepal. Committee and the private supply company Gautam Photo: Arne Grieg Riisnæs/Norwegian Church Aid

98 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 OVERVIEW OF HUMANITARIAN RESPONSES 2011-2015 Not Applicable (N/A) TOTAL TOTAL NCA PARTNER MEN WOMEN PEOPLE PEOPLE AND/OR NCA TYPE OF SECTORS OF REACHED REACHED REACHED REACHED IMPLEMENT- COUNTRY AREAS EMERGENCY SUPPORT 2015 2015 2015 2011-2015 ING DONORS FOCUS COUNTRIES Afghanistan* Khost and Uruzgan, Conflict, natural WASH, cash, 15,268 17,645 35,790 106,752 Partner and MFA, NCA and Faryab, Paktika, Takhar, disaster emergency shelter operational OCHA/CHF Badakshan Angola Huila, Cunene, Uige, Flood, droughts Livelihood, food N/A 28,931 Partner and NCA and (2011-2014) Benguela provinces and returned security and WASH operational ACT Alliance refugees Brazil Amazon Floods Food 1,125 1,125 2,250 2,250 Partner ACT Alliance Burundi Cashi, Rumonge, Ruyigi Floods, conflict WASH 480 499 979 979 Partner NCA DRC South Kivu Conflict WASH 15,946 28,341 44,287 467,842 Partner MFA, ICCO Ethiopia Gambella, Bedeno and Drought, conlict WASH 29,830 32,432 62,262 426,895 Partner MFA, ECHO Godo Ola, East Hararghe Guatemala Chiquimula, Zacapa Drought Food security 1,744 2,055 3,799 27,338 Partner NCA and ACT Alliance partners Haiti Ouest department Floods, cholera WASH, health N/A 8,958 Partner MFA (2011-2014) (Port-au-Prince), Center department and Grande Anse department. Kenya Mandera county Drought Food security, N/A 58,344 Partner ACT Alliance (2011-2014) WASH, livelihood Laos Luang Namtha Fire, flash Livelihood 402 392 794 794 Partner and NCA and local floods operational partner Malawi* Nsanje, Phalombe and Floods WASH, 68,746 68,746 Partner and MFA Chikwawa districts in food, shelter, operational Southern Malawi agriculture Mali* Gao, Kidal, Timbuktu Conflict WASH 5,676 8,514 24,390 399,907 Partner MFA Middle East Various locations Conflict WASH, 383,182 438,422 821,604 1,760,262 Partner MFA, NCA, (Syria, Jordan, NFIs, shelter, Private donors Lebanon) education +Palestine 2011-2014 Middle East Dohuk governorate Conflict WASH 38,437 38,168 76,605 76,605 Operational MFA, (Iraq) ACT Alliance Myanmar Ayeyarwaddy, Pago, Floods WASH, livelihood 2,560 2,835 7,078 33,457 Partner NCA Ta Gay Laung village, Thaton village Pakistan KP, AJK, Punjab, FATA, Conflict, floods, WASH 55,281 64,181 119,462 657,671 Partner MFA, ACT Sindh drought Alliance, NCA, OCHA pooled funds, UCOC Somalia Gedo Floods, conflict, WASH, livelihood 9,128 11,592 20,720 278,349 Operational MFA, WFP drought South Sudan Jonglei, Northern Bahr al Conflict WASH, NFIs, 88,224 57,919 146,143 740,103 Partner MFA Gazal, Upper Nile, health, livelihood Warrap, Abyei, Lakes, Eastern Equatoria, Unity, Central Equatoria (Juba) Sudan South and Central Darfur Conflict Shelter, NFIs 276,008 344,104 620,112 2,920,712 Operational, NCA, UNCHR UNCHR, UNICEF, OCHA and partner OUTSIDE FOCUS COUNTRIES Chad East Chad/border with Unrest/conflict WASH N/A 20,000 UNCHR MFA Darfur/Sudan Central African West CAR Unrest/conflict WASH N/A 12,598 LWF MFA Republic Europe Various locations Refugees WASH, shelter, 133,102 133,102 Partner NCA, (Greece, food, NFIs ACT Alliance, Macedonia, private donors Serbia)* Japan Fukushima area Earthquake and Food, NFIs and N/A 15,000 ACT NCA own funds tsunami psycosocial sup- operational port Libya/Tunisia Conflict Conflict WASH N/A 2,000 Operational NCA and ACT Liberia Nimba county Conflict WASH, Food, N/A 8,853 Operational UNHCR, MFA, NFIs, psychosocial ACT support, shelter, livelihood/job creation Nepal* / ** Dhading, Gorkha, Earthquake WASH, food, NFIs, 115,654 115,654 Operational NCA, MFA Bhaktapur and Lalitpur shelter with DCA and partners Philippines* Various locations Typhoon WASH, shelter, 8,000 65,466 Operational MFA, ACT, NCA NFIs, food, psycho and partner own funds social support, livelihood TOTAL 2,311,777 8,437,568 * Gender dissagregated 2015 figures not or only partially available. ** Total people reached is per April 2016 in accordance with project period GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 99 u CHAPTER 5

5. ADVOCACY FOR GLOBAL JUSTICE

Youth leaders in Changemaker lobbying members of the Foreign 28 HEAT - hostile environment awareness training Affairs and Defence Committee of the Norwegian Parliament. Photo: Jarand Ullestad/Changemaker

100 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 5

NCA is committed to addressing the root causes of poverty and injustice. To this end it is necessary to influence the attitudes held and decisions made by the powerful and those who control resources on local, national and global levels. Some of the main results achieved from NCA’s international advocacy work in 2015 are attributed to policy outcomes related to economic and climate justice.

CLIMATE JUSTICE: A fair universal climate agreement

Coming out of the United Nations Framework Convention a bicycle caravan through Eastern and Southern Africa. on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties A special emphasis was put on mobilising indigenous (COP) 21 summit in Paris, the Paris agreement was peoples, poor and excluded, as well as those living in rural more ambitious than many had dared to hope for. For communities. the first time, the world witnessed a universal climate The faith-based campaign collected 1.8 million signa- agreement applicable to all countries. It states that tures calling for climate justice. The petition was delivered we shall not only limit global warming below two to top officials at the UNFCCC at an interfaith event, where degrees Celsius, but aim at limiting the temperature representatives from the French presidency were also rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. It also calls for all financial attending. The message was conveyed to country delega- flows to be consistent with a low carbon pathway and tions and distributed widely by media, both in France and climate resilient development. A vital mechanism in internationally. the agreement is that all countries must increase The Norwegian mobilisation for climate justice in prepa- their climate targets every five years to increase their ration for the Paris summit started in 2014, and was scaled ambitions. up in 2015. NCA coordinated the campaign in Norway, In preparing for the Paris summit, the ACT Alliance where we advocated for a fair and ambitious climate launched the climate campaign “We Have Faith – Act now agreement. As part of the campaign, NCA demanded for Climate Justice”. It was supported by ACT Alliance that the Norwegian Government make a commitment to members, and was coordinated with the broader inter- increase Norway’s climate ambitions. NCA handed signa- faith movement. One of the concrete global results was tures that were gathered through NCA’s church constit- an interfaith statement handed over to the Executive uency during the annual NCA Lenten Campaign and Secretary of the UNFCCC, during the last intersessional Fundraiser, where climate justice was highlighted. in Bonn prior to the Paris meeting. NCA and other ACT A climate pilgrimage kicked off in the northern tip Alliance members were instrumental in developing the of Norway brought the campaign to new heights. Seven statement and mobilising for its recognition. thousand people participated in the pilgrimage either The global ACT Alliance advisory group on climate by foot, by bicycle or by boat to complete the journey of change of which NCA was part of, drafted ACT Alliance 57,853 kilometres (almost 1.5 times around the globe!). policy and statements. NCA contributed to the devel- More than 200 events took place all over the country, opment of a dedicated campaign website, producing documented through 258 news-stories. The relay baton material as well as planning stunts. Activities were carried was then passed on to Sweden on its road to Paris, out in locations where ACT Alliance members are present, through an event attended by the Norwegian and Swedish such as an interfaith climate conference in Vietnam and crown princesses.

The climate pilgrimage passing through Trondheim, Norway. Photo: Aina Johnsen Rønning/Norwegian Church Aid

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 101 u CHAPTER 5

ECONOMIC JUSTICE: Joint Nordic Conference: The End of Nordic Exceptionalism NCA was host for a Nordic ACT Alliance conference While Norway and Sweden still keep to the longstanding taking place in the context of a changing paradigm for ideals, Denmark and Finland are putting more weight aid and with the backdrop of pending or recent cuts in on self-interest in their aid-policies. One of the articles, aid budgets in the Nordic countries. The conference written by Professor Jeffrey Sachs, was printed in several questioned if we are seeing the beginning of the end to major national newspapers in the Nordic countries. The Nordic idealism in foreign policy and on global devel- report served as a source of evidence of the direction of opment issues, in favour of pursuing more immediate official development assistance (ODA) over the years. self-interest gains. It gathered 250 participants from Another important topic at the conference was how civil society, academia and the government. aid, in collaboration with the private sector, must put Key note speakers included: Economist Jeffrey emphasis on job creation. NCA commissioned a research Sachs (PhD); Mr. Erik Solheim, Chair of OECD DAC; paper focusing on creating job opportunities in small and Rev. Suzanne Matale, General Secretary of Council of medium sized enterprises. This paper, presented at the Churches in Zambia and Ms. Tone Skogen, Norwegian conference, provided guidance for NCA to give input to a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. forthcoming Norwegian government white paper on this The report “The End of Nordic Exceptionalism?” was issue. commissioned by the Nordic ACT Alliance members in The conference gave space to the Nordic debate on aid 2015, and the questions raised in this report were the and reiterated the potential that lies in closer cooperation basis for the debate at the conference. It concludes that through the ACT Alliance. we are seeing some changes in the Nordic countries.

Changemakers changing the world!

NCA’s youth organisation, Changemaker, is Norway’s largest youth organisation dedicated to addressing development issues. Changemaker aims to erase the root causes of global injustice. Offering youth concrete alternatives for action, Changemaker engages young men and women in the struggle for a just world under the slogan “Of course we can change the world!” As part of the international fossil fuel divestment movement, Changemaker won a ten year long battle when in 2015 the Government Pension Fund Global of Norway finally withdrew all its investments in coal. Climate change was also high on Changemaker’s agenda in events leading up to the COP21 Summit; participating in the annual NCA Lenten Campaign and Fundraiser, ACT’s climate campaign, and in a targeted campaign to encourage Norwegian politicians to take the lead in achieving a low-emissions future. The campaign spurred debate around oil subsidies and put the need for increased investments in renewable energy in the spotlight. Advocacy action has not only brought climate results however. Changemaker’s long-running campaign to stop illicit capital flight, “The hunt for honesty”, achieved an important result when in 2015 Norwegian legislation was further tightened, requiring Norwegian companies to disclose their income and taxes per country and not only at an aggregated level. 2015 also been a year of growth for Changemaker with new local chapters established and increased attendance in their annual summer camp.

Photo: Changemaker

102 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 6

16 Days of Activism Against Gender Violence Campaign in Nam Lam, Shan State, Myanmar. This activity was one of the main assignments for the trainees from Young Women Leadership Training. Photo: Shan Women’s Action Network (SWAN) 6. ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT

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NCA is a learning, listening and responsive organisation committed to increasing its accountability to rights-holders. Our programmes, methods and routines are evaluated regularly in cooperation with partners and rights-holders to ensure quality programming. We emphasise transparency in the fight against corruption and focus on ethics and sound financial management. More stringent priorities concerning geography, partners and programmes contribute to improvements in quality, relevance and use of resources.

6.1 FOCUSING GEOGRAPHICALLY FOR GREATER IMPACT

NCA’s new Global Strategy presents criteria for prior- of how NCA facilitates such sound exit strategies is itising countries and programmes, and acknowledges providing increased capacity development, especially the importance of sound exit strategies in cases where in areas such as fundraising, to partner organisations NCA phases out operations. Attention to geographic which will no longer be receiving support from NCA and programme focus will ensure that NCA contributes (Refer to chapters 2.3 and 3.5 for cases from Brazil to change through quality programming in addition to and Laos respectively). A further example is supporting being more cost efficient and innovative - key to meeting NCA staff to establish local civil society organisations future challenges and needs. to carry on NCA’s work (Refer to chapters 2.2 and 3.5 Based on an assessment of NCA’s geographic prior- for cases of this from Laos and Thailand respectively). A ities and presence, NCA’s management concluded cross-sectoral technical support group at HO provides in early 2015 to phase out country programmes in the country offices with guidance, monitors the imple- Brazil, Kenya, Laos and Vietnam; and scale down the mentation of exit plans, and documents key experiences regional programme in Southern Africa. This list of for learning and development purposes. programmes was determined based on a set of criteria At the same time as phasing out programmes, NCA which included relevance to NCA’s new Global Strategy, has entered into agreements with DanChurchAid (DCA) funding opportunities, NCA’s track record, and FBO to develop joint programmes and presence in Palestine partners’ potential to play a constructive role in social and Myanmar. These are examples of models for development. The Norwegian Government’s priorities closer collaboration with NCA’s sister agencies in ACT and aid policy direction were also taken into account, Alliance, which NCA is currently assessing for possible and informed the decision. It is important for NCA to duplication. Joint programming and merging offices has ensure that programme interventions are sustained potential for greater impact and coordination through after NCA’s exit, and that the closure of partnerships and the sharing of resources and new models for collabo- country offices is done in a proper manner. An example ration.

6.2 LEARNING FROM EVALUATIONS

As part of NCA’s commitment to continuous learning improvement to ensure 100% adherence. In 2016, NCA and improvement, NCA country offices commissioned will continue to strengthen institutional learning and 15 external evaluations in 2015, along with five internal evidence-based programming through the systematic reviews, evaluations and assessments (ref. Annex 2). An follow-up of recommendations from evaluations. Some ACT commissioned evaluation of NCA and ACT partners’ examples of this practice from 2015 are included below. response to the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines In Sudan, the Darfur programme has narrowed its was also conducted. Just over 50% of the external evalu- geographical focus as a result of recommendations from ations were reviewed by HO advisors as part of NCA’s an evaluation of the programme carried out in 2014. annual meta-evaluation process conducted to quality- The reason for scaling down the scope of operations is assure and further develop our evaluation practice. The largely due to reduced opportunities for funding in light main finding was that when NCA’s Evaluation Policy of the protracted nature of the humanitarian crisis. NCA has been used in full, especially if a steering group was has therefore discontinued interventions in the East established, evaluation reports are of a higher quality. Darfur, and closed its office in Garsila in September Whilst all but one of the reviewed evaluations largely 2015. In Guatemala, a comprehensive partner capacity followed the policy’s guidelines, there is still room for development plan has been developed as a follow-up

104 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 6.3

to a 2015 evaluation of NCA clean energy programme. and UNICEF operations. The evaluation confirmed the Findings of the evaluation pointed to a weakness in one relevance, quality the professional handling of the kits. of the partner’s capacity to deliver, and recommended It also recommended improved end-user agreements, NCA to facilitate systematic capacity development of the even closer tracking of the deployment of the kits, partner. Capacity development plans are now developed improved reporting routines for all parties and some and will be implemented from 2016. technical aspects of the kits be changed. To contribute In 2015 NCA commissioned an external evaluation to organisational learning, a management response to of its global WASH kits which are prepositioned in the recommendations has been developed and shared strategic parts of the world to facilitate rapid response across the organisation. A plan with clearly defined to emergencies. The content of each kit is based on responsibilities for each of the evaluation’s recom- experience and lessons learned from Global WASH mendations, including a revision of relevant sections Cluster member organisations and each can serve up to of NCA’s Routines and Guidelines handbook, has been 5,000 people. NCA has deployed 24.5 kits to NCA, UNHCR developed and will be implemented from 2016.

TANZANIA Recommendations from a 2014 evaluation have led fication on issues affecting the communities and to very good results in NCA’s Resources and Finance outcomes from the training were later included Programme in 2015. The evaluation highlighted the in district development plans. There is more lack of knowledge and capacity amongst government commitment from government officials to support officials about Public Expenditure Tracking System the work of the PETS committees, admitting that (PETS). In response, the programme started training with the committees has enabled them to involving relevant government officials in PETS plan better, and resolve some of the chronic devel- committee trainings. Partners report that the mixed opment challenges. Community members are now training has improved communication and relations able to meet to identify opportunities and obstacles between villagers and government officials. It has to development in their area, list priorities and make also provided a platform for discussions and clari- clear plans.

6.3 ACCOUNTABILITY

NCA was certified against the Humanitarian Account- be placed on top of the latrine – an adjustment which ability Partnership (HAP) standard in 2011, and is has been integrated into NCA’s WASH programme in committed to meeting the highest standards of Pakistan. accountability and quality management. With the 2015 In Palestine, several NCA partners developed and finalisation of the Core Humanitarian Standard on rolled out contextualised CRMs in 2015, as a direct Quality and Accountability (CHS) to replace HAP, NCA result of attending training for ACT Alliance members plans to initiate a certification process in 2017. NCA’s and partners in 2014. Several programmes have already accountability work has focused on developing contex- been modified based on feedback received through the tualised complaints and response mechanisms (CRM) system. Partners also report that rights-holders are for humanitarian and development programmes. This more confident and actively involved in the projects. systematic focus on downward accountability has Accountability towards improved the quality of NCA’s work and given rights- rights-holders includes TOOLKIT FOR WORK WITH holders a greater say in project planning, implemen- assuring that human INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID tation, monitoring and evaluation. rights are upheld CRM for humanitarian responses in Nepal and Iraq and and programming is for NCA’s WASH programme in Pakistan were developed responding to their needs in 2012. Rights-holders and other stakeholders are now and capacities. For more able to register sensitive and non-sensitive complaints than 20 years, NCA has and feedback through public complaints boxes, and by responded to the needs contacting staff directly or via telephone (including text and rights of indigenous messaging). This allows NCA to adjust interventions peoples. In 2015 NCA accordingly. For example, the WASH programme in developed and launched Pakistan received a complaint that latrines built by NCA the Toolkit for work with were difficult for the physically disabled to use. NCA and indigenous peoples. It 1 partners responded by designing a commode chair to provides basic infor-

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 105 u CHAPTER 6.3

Project manager Asif showing the complaints and response mechanisms (CRM) in RDF Project Office Khipro, Sanghar, Pakistan. Photo: Margrethe Volden/Norwegian Church Aid

mation about this target group and their rights, along also provides for the planning of capacity development with checklists, sector specific challenges, and special initiatives and monitoring their effects. Capacity devel- indicators for working with indigenous peoples. The opment of partners on financial management exemplifies toolkit will be used for developing the capacity of NCA an added value NCA brings through its accompaniment and partners. and presence. Some highlights from this work in 2015 Being accountable to rights-holders is about being are presented below. transparent. NCA believes that financial malpractice Through transferring management of programmes to and its consequences undermine individuals’ opportu- partners in Vietnam, NCA has developed their capacity nities to improve their lives. This is why a zero tolerance to set up proper systems for authorisation and segre- of corruption is one of NCA’s core principles. Given that gation of duties. Managers have been trained in internal NCA works in areas with high risk of corruption, it puts control systems, and accounting staff provided with great emphasis on mitigation through an established training and mentoring. In Afghanistan partners have risk management system. With this, NCA is able to been trained in financial management and reporting; prevent, detect and handle corruption in a professional whilst in Burundi all partners have been provided with manner. NCA’s zero tolerance of corruption is reflected accounting software packages and financial training. in its policies (code of conduct, anti-fraud and corruption An improvement in partners’ financial management has policies), anti-corruption training for staff, complaint been observed as a result. handling systems, partner and project monitoring Through NCA’s Resources and Finance programme, visits, partner capacity development and investigations. direct efforts are made to reduce corruption in project An annual anti-corruption report is published on our implementation areas. PETS committees in Tanzania not website (www.nca.no), documenting cases of financial only highlight the use and abuse of public funds, but also mismanagement and fraud within NCA and its partners. analyse and advocate on issues related to cost-efficiency, Lessons from these cases are used to further strengthen decentralisation and accountability. An impressive 200 NCA’s risk management system. former committee members were elected to local village In 2015, attention was given to strengthening NCA’s governments during the 2015 elections. The knowledge internal investigation capacity through training of they bring with them into these new roles will greatly seven staff members. A new and improved partnership benefit and strengthen public transparency. assessment tool was developed, allowing for a more systematic assessment of capacity development needs, including financial management and anti-corruption. It

106 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 7 Construction of water intake for hydropower plant, Lag Tana, Quiche, Guatemala. Photo: Milton Mejía/ Norwegian Church Aid

7. LOOKING FORWARD – FAITH IN ACTION 28 HEAT - hostile environment awareness training

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 107 u CHAPTER 7.1

As NCA embarks on a new strategy, Faith in Action, we are encouraged by the results we have achieved together with partners and look forward to continue fostering positive changes.

NCA’s long-term goals are to save lives and seek justice. is exploring new The new strategy outlines two main strategic direc- models of partner- tions for NCA in the coming years: an increased focus ships, including on humanitarian response and a renewed emphasis on with faith-based faith-based actors as agents of change within the wider actors. NCA will GLOBAL STRATEGY society. continue to assist Faith in Action NCA will seek to remain a professional development and encourage faith- agency with capacity and drive to work at the nexus based actors and of religion and development. The added value and faith communities to combined resources gained through partnering with contribute to reach faith-based actors has put NCA in a unique position for the SDGs, especially GLOBAL STRATEGY - 1 influencing sustainable change and effective humani- in areas where they tarian responses. Though this partner choice is not have a particular responsibility or an added value that new to NCA, we will work more systematically to link can bring about sustainable change. knowledge gained through 70 years of working alongside In order to achieve greater results and make tangible faith-based actors, to NCA’s active engagement in changes in people’s lives we will further focus our work important faith and development networks globally. geographically and programmatically. By concentrating To fulfil the ambitions of the Sustainable Devel- our efforts, we will enable our partners to scale up their opment Goals (SDGs) by 2030, the donor community activities and have greater impact in society.

7.1 RESOURCES OF RELIGION AND FAITH

This report has presented numerous illustrations of and mandate as a diaconal organisation, NCA recog- how NCA’s partners mobilise their unique resources to nises Diakonia as “faith translated into action”. NCA will bring about change within their own constituencies and identify and strengthen the forces and resources within in wider civil society. NCA encourages the development different religious traditions to affirm justice, protect and use of tools and methods that use religion as a nature, and safeguard the human rights of those who springboard to make positive changes in the world and are oppressed. We have made a deliberate and prefer- affirm people’s inalienable rights. ential choice to work through faith-based actors as main Religion is a central component of people’s lives. drivers for change in all NCA’s programmes because: Religious leaders are in a unique position to influence • They are crucial in mediating conflict and facilitating local faith communities as well as other influential peacebuilding at all levels. leaders and duty bearers. In religion people find • They provide legitimacy to organise communities for courage to stand up for their rights as well as resilience collective action for economic empowerment and the during difficult times. Faith-based actors enjoy a great fair management of natural resources. degree of respect and trust, and can mobilise not only • As moral duty bearers, they can provide space for their communities, but also the wider civil society. The women and men to talk about sensitive issues and potential they represent is largely untapped. Religion thereby challenge harmful practices and negative can keep everything in place. But it also has the power cultural norms. to turn the world upside down.21 For this reason, religion • Their communities and facilities are locally rooted can be both an obstacle to and a catalyst for change. to invest in disaster risk reduction and are first In working with faith communities on an agenda for responders to humanitarian disaster. social change, NCA contributes to mobilising religious • They have expertise in healthcare provision and play a resources and faith commitment for positive social key role in addressing vulnerable communities’ rights change through fostering transformation of social to improved health conditions. norms and practices. Inspired by our Christian identity

21 Christian Smith. Disruptive Religion: The Force of Faith in Social Movement Activism. Routledge, New York and London. 1996

108 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 u CHAPTER 7.2

7.2 TRANSFORMING RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE AND PRACTICE FROM WITHIN

When NCA and faith-based partners work together they uphold gender discrimination or remain silent on on an agenda for social change, we integrate various sensitive issues related to marriage, family, and sexual religious resources into our methodologies and activ- and reproductive health rights. At the same time, ities. When working together with faith communities religious leaders and faith communities are essential and broader civil society, NCA’s expertise lies in facili- when it comes to changing harmful traditional practices tating dialogue around sensitive issues related to and negative social norms. Below is an example of how social, religious and cultural norms and practices and NCA has worked with partners to transform social being a bridge between faith-based actors and secular attitudes about gender from within - using a strategy of human rights organisations. Religious leaders and transforming religious discourse and faith expressions. faith communities can be an obstacle for change when

SOUTHERN AFRICA: Negotiating dilemmas: Working with Faith, Gender and Sexuality

After NCA was awarded the NRK Telethon fundraiser sations, such as EHAIA, INERELLA, and PACSA, and in 2001, NCA started to work intensely with churches, provided support to new LGBTI faith activist and activists from faith communities and civil society resource organisations like IAM. We are seeing that in Southern Africa to address the HIV pandemic. the lessons learned and tools developed to address At the time, HIV and AIDS were regarded a devel- sensitive sexuality issues in HIV and AIDS work are opment disaster capable of rolling back decades of now further applied to address emerging issues, development results. Because HIV is transmitted via such as LGBTI rights. As HIV and AIDS has become sexual relations, this proved to be a highly sensitive an issue that can be discussed within religious issue for the churches. Early reactions from faith discourse, it is used as an entry point for bringing communities included silence, labelling people as up more difficult issues like same-sex relations. sinners as well as stigmatising and excluding people NCA continues to play a role in facilitating linkages living with or affected by HIV and AIDS (PLWHA). After between faith activist organisations and church almost two decades of dialogue and action targeting networks, such as the Southern Africa Catholic faith communities, they now have changed their view Bishops Conference (SACBC) and the Fellowship of of PLWHA. This transformation has contributed to Councils of Churches in Southern Africa (FOCCISA). changing social attitudes and has been essential to These linkages have led to important pilot efforts bringing the pandemic under control in the region. raising awareness on LGBTI issues within faith Between 2011 and 2015, churches in Southern communities and the wider society, as demon- Africa have faced a new challenge of how to respond strated in Violence Kills Progress – Stories of Gender to sexual minorities and their role in church and Based Violence. This media project has interviewed society. Homosexual practice is still illegal in most South African women survivors of violence and of the region, and there have been violent attacks on LGBTI community members. NCA has supported lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual and the dissemination of a gender toolkit for churches intersex (LGBTI) people who have disclosed their Created in God’s Image, which was substantially status, as well as against human rights defenders revised in 2014. of sexual minorities. How do faith communities In 2015, two new modules on masculinity and respond to sexual minorities when they perceive LGBTI were developed and included and the following them to be living lives that deviate from accepted national councils of churches received training on religious discourse and practice? these: Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Lesotho, To address this issue, NCA has continued to partner South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. with HIV and AIDS faith activist and resource organi-

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 109 u CHAPTER 7.3

Reflecting on NCA’s cooperation with faith-based actors • Religion evolves and changes: Religion exists in time in Southern Africa, we see that changing religious and space, and is constantly interpreted and reinter- discourse and practice is indeed possible. By changing preted by believers (e.g. slavery has been justified and religious discourse and practice; social and cultural later denounced in Christianity, Islam and Judaism). values, attitudes and practices can be transformed. NCA understands religion as not static and that change • Religious influence is embedded in culture:Just as is therefore possible, because: religion cannot be understood in isolation from its cultural (including political) contexts, it is impossible • Religious expressions are diverse: Aside from the to understand culture without considering its reli- obvious formal differences between different world gious dimensions. religions, there are also important differences and diverse denominations within a specific religion.

7.3 FROM STRATEGY TO ACTION

NCA’s 2016-2020 Programme Plan is one of the key “One NCA” identity, developing common methods and documents to operationalise the new Global Strategy tools, facilitating south-south cooperation, sharing best and will contribute to better results in each country NCA practices and finally for developing competency. operates. It builds on experiences from the 2011-2015 Through renewing its commitment to engaging strategy in terms of what worked well and where adjust- faith-based actors, NCA will reach greater numbers ments are needed. One improvement is the restructuring of vulnerable and marginalised people, as well as of the relationship between global programmes and strengthen our pro-poor advocacy. A thematic concen- country programmes. The country level will now be the tration compared to the previous strategy has focused main focus for programming, as this is where impact is the number of global programmes from twelve down more evident. The global programmes will be important to six, in addition to NCA’s Humanitarian Action for documenting results on a global level, building a programme. At country level, this translates to each

18 year old Aateka wants to become a teacher. Photo: Naimat Rawan/Norwegian Church Aid, Afghanistan

110 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 education. Itwillalsobeonchallenging andmobilising clinics andservices, including midwifery andnursing communities andstrengthening thecapacity ofhealth situation of women and children by working with local two areas ofwork. Focus willbeonimproving thehealth will work on consolidating programming between these of the main drivers of poverty and of poor health, NCA ductive Healthandgiven thatgenderinequalityisone work withGenderBasedViolence (GBV)andRepro the private sector. Theplancontinues to expand NCA’s through innovative partnerships withandlearning from to increase project’s potential for scale andprofit, and agriculture andvalue chaindevelopment. Itseeks youth; enterprise development andentrepreneurship; vocational training and employment for women and from theformer strategy, withagreater emphasison best practices inNCA’s Livelihood andTrade programme programme, Economic Empowerment, whichbuildson and seekingjustice. Theplanintroduces anew global strengthening civil society,andultimately to savinglives civil society. Eachglobal programme contributes to between citizensandstates through strengthening the organisation plansto strengthen theinteraction value. have themost impactbased onourdistinctive added will allow NCA to scale upourprogrammes where we to geographic concentration detailed inChapter 6.1,this global programmes. Coupled withNCA’s commitment country strategy incorporating a maximumof three NCA’s new programme plandemonstrates how based actors andpartners Building alliance withfaith-

Peacebuilding To save lives andseekjustice is,for us,faith inaction. TOGETHER FOR AJUSTWORLD

Gender-based Violence and Reproductive Health

Economic Empowerment - Climate Resilience in ensuringWASH services inhumanitarian crises. reliable andpreferred humanitarian actor, specialising the global strategic ambition for NCA to be a leading, document to operationalise Faith inAction.Itdefines pation andsanitation. continues witharenewed focus oncommunity partici The Water, Sanitation andHygiene(WASH) programme community structures suchas community task forces. improve preparedness, response and recovery through new Climate Resilience programme withafocus on climate programmes have beenconsolidated into the budget monitoring andcapital flight.NCA’s two former strengthened focus onnatural resource governance, strategy’s Resources andFinance programme witha Resource Governance programme buildsontheprevious will be includedinthe GBV programme. The Natural whereas protection ofwomen inconflict situations participation ofwomen andyouth willbeprioritised, emphasis ondiminishingviolence between groups. The pronounced focus onfaith-based actors andareinforced Peacebuilding programme will continue with a more faith-based actors andcommunities to reduce GBV. The preparedness andadvocacy. conflict-sensitivity, market-based approaches, disaster humanitarian system, with emphasis on accountability, local partnerorganisations, ACT Alliance andthewider humanitarian imperative byworking inpartnership with It commits NCA to adhering to the principles of the The Humanitarian Strategy 2016-2020isanotherkey

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) GLOBAL REPORT ONRESULTS 2015 Resource Governance

Humanitarian Action - 111 ANNEXES

Fundreising through the annual NCA Lenten Campaign and Fundraiser in Norway. Photo: Norwegian Church Aid

112 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 GLOBAL STRATEGY 2011-2015

1 SELECTED OUTPUT INDICATORS (SOI) 2015

Selected Output IndicatorsTOGETHER (SOI) are global FOR statistics A JUST measuring WORLD the number of rights-holders involved in or benefitting from a specificEmpowering activity within the poor a global and challenging programme. the privilegedThe SOIs aim at giving an indication of some selected quantitative data at output level within each global programme. They are used to provide a snapshot on achievements globally, but do not provide the total picture.

Emergency response, long-term development and advocacy AN INTEGRATED APPROACH Not Applicable (N/A)

NCA country SOI: No. of women and girls who have THE RIGHT programmesGENDER accessedECONOMIC protection against genderCLIMATE based THE RIGHT TO PEACE AND JUSTICE violenceJUSTICE and been supported inJUSTICE humanitari- TO WATER AND SECURITY with Women, an and conflict situations HEALTH Peace and Security 2015 programme Female Total Women, Gender-based Livelihood Male Climate Social peace and Burundiviolence and 615 trade N/A change615 mitigation of security mitigation HIV and DR Congo 2,244 N/A 2,244 AIDS Palestine* - N/A - Community Women in Resources Climate Access to violence Somaliagovernance 3,219and N/A change3,219 quality and small arms Afghanistan finance 1,089 N/A adaptation1,089 health care control TOTAL 7,167 7,167

Faith Water, communities NCA country sanitation Action by Churches Together and programmes and hygiene peacebuilding BUILDING ALLIANCE WITH FAITH-BASED with Community SOI: No. of rights-holders involved in NCA ACTORSinterventions AND PARTNERS to reduce the level of commu- Violence nity violence and Small This matrix illustrates our vision and the totality of our work, including how we work, what we work with and with whom. Arms Control 2015 programme Female Male Total

Burundi 7,352 6,486 13,838 Haiti 1,371 1,666 3,037 DRC 202 285 487 Mali 1,547 1,195 2,742 South Sudan 1,853 2,779 4,632 Afghanistan 98 770 868 Brazil* - - - TOTAL 12,423 13,181 25,604

NCA country programmes SOI: No. of female representatives involved in peacebuilding initiatives supported by with Faith Com- NCA munities and Peacebuilding 2015 programme Female Male Total

Afghanistan* - N/A - DR Congo 12 N/A 12 Haiti* - N/A - Kenya 1,817 N/A 1,817 Myanmar* - N/A - Pakistan 5,076 N/A 5,076 Somalia 12 N/A 12 Palestine* - N/A - South Sudan* - N/A - TOTAL 6,917 6,917 * SOI figure not available due to: programme phase out; lack of SOI relevance for country programme; or results being reported under another SOI GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 113 GLOBAL STRATEGY 2011-2015 GLOBAL STRATEGY 2011-2015

TOGETHER FOR A JUST WORLDTOGETHER FOR A JUST WORLD Empowering the poor and challenging the privilegedEmpowering the poor and challenging the privileged

Emergency response, long-term developmentEmergency and advocacy response, long-term development and advocacy AN INTEGRATED APPROACH AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

THE RIGHT GENDER THEECONOMIC RIGHT GENDERCLIMATE ECONOMICTHE RIGHT CLIMATE THE RIGHT TO PEACE AND JUSTICE TO PEACEJUSTICE AND JUSTICEJUSTICE TOJUSTICE WATER AND JUSTICE TO WATER AND SECURITY SECURITY HEALTH HEALTH

Not Applicable (N/A) Not Applicable (N/A) NCA country NCA country Women, Gender-based SOI: No.Women,Livelihood of rights-holders Gender-based with knowledgeClimate programmesLivelihoodSocial with Climate Social peace and programmesviolence aboutpeace andtheir trade rightand to a life free fromviolencechange gender- mitigationand trade of SOI: No.change of rights-holders organisedmitigation to of Livelihood and security with Gender basedsecurity violence mitigation HIV and activelymitigation improve own livelihood HIV and Trade programmeAIDS AIDS based violence 2015 2015 programme Community Women in FemaleCommunityResources Male WomenClimateTotal in ResourcesAccess to FemaleClimate Male AccessTotal to violence Angolagovernance violence2,190and 879governancechange3,069 Afghanistanqualityand 1,124change - quality1,124 and small arms and smallfinance arms adaptation healthfinance care adaptation health care control DRC* control- - - Brazil 900 919 1,819 Ethiopia 7,509 6,592 14,101 Kenya 374 684 1,058 Faith Guatemala 3,655Faith 60 3,715 Laos* Water, - - Water, - communities communities sanitation sanitation and Haiti Action by Churches6,263and Together2,647 8,910ActionPalestine by andChurches hygiene Together 341 1,006 and hygiene1,347 peacebuilding BUILDING ALLIANCEpeacebuilding WITH FAITH-BASEDBUILDING ALLIANCE WITH FAITH-BASED Kenya ACTORS 1,856AND PARTNERS853 2,709 ACTORSMyanmar AND PARTNERS 3,760 2,834 6,594 Laos 2,772 3,039 5,811 Sudan 5,064 4,674 9,738 This matrix illustrates Maliour vision and the totality of our work,42,115This including matrix how illustrates we30,063 work, our what vision we and work72,178 the with totality and of with ourTanzania whom.work, including how we work, what 4,584we work with and with378 whom. 5,142 Malawi 13,179 10,783 23,962 Somalia* 420 680 1,100 Myanmar 7,162 4,035 11,197 Southern Africa - - - Pakistan 309,659 253,357 563,016 Zambia 20,062 8,602 28,664 Sudan 1,414 970 2,384 Ethiopia* - - - Tanzania 7,008 - 7,008 Mali* - - - Somalia 120,000 80,000 200,000 TOTAL 36,629 19,777 56,586 Vietnam* - - - Total 524,782 393,278 918,060 NCA country programmes SOI: No. of rights-holders involved in with Resources budget monitoring and tracking of public NCA country and Finance expenditures SOI: No. of women who have undergone programmes capacity building for active participation in programme 2015 with Women governance processes and structures in Governance Female Male Total 2015 programme Angola 220 130 350 Female Male Total Brazil 295 181 476 Guatemala 500 N/A 500 Malawi - - - Kenya 3,020 N/A 3,020 Tanzania 1,150 1,478 2,628 Mali 2,247 N/A 2,247 Zambia 156 196 352 South Sudan 576 N/A 576 Southern Africa* - - - Zambia 3,502 N/A 3,502 Myanmar* - - - TOTAL 9,845 - 9,845 Guatemala* - - - * SOI figure not available due to: programme phase out; lack of SOI TOTAL 1,821 1,985 3,806 relevance for country programme; or results being reported under another SOI * SOI figure not available due to: programme phase out; lack of SOI relevance for country programme; or results being reported under another SOI

114 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 GLOBAL STRATEGY 2011-2015 GLOBAL STRATEGY 2011-2015

TOGETHER FOR A JUST WORLDTOGETHER FOR A JUST WORLD Empowering the poor and challenging the privilegedEmpowering the poor and challenging the privileged

Emergency response, long-term developmentEmergency and advocacy response, long-term development and advocacy AN INTEGRATED APPROACH AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

Not Applicable (N/A) Not Applicable (N/A) NCA country NCA country Women, Gender-based LivelihoodWomen, Gender-basedClimate LivelihoodSocial Climate Social peace and violence peaceand trade and programmesviolencechange mitigationand trade of change programmesmitigation of SOI: No. of rights-holders affected by security security withmitigation Climate SOI: No.HIV of andrights-holders withmitigation access to with HIVSocial and HIV and AIDS who receive care and support Change sustainableAIDS energy solutions MitigationAIDS of through NCA/partners’ programme Mitigation 2015 HIV and AIDS 2015 programme programme Community Women in CommunityResources WomenClimate in ResourcesAccess to Climate Access to Female Male Total violence governance violenceand governancechange Femalequalityand Male changeTotal quality and small arms and smallfinance arms Afghanistanadaptation healthfinance6,306 care 6,587adaptation12,893 Angolahealth care 560 860 1420 control control Brazil 75 70 145 Ethiopia 65 84 149 Guatemala* - - - Laos 95 77 172 Faith Faith Water, Water, communities communities Kenya sanitation428 412 840 Malawisanitation 23,631 15,437 39,068 and Action by Churchesand Together Action by andChurches hygiene Together and hygiene peacebuilding BUILDING ALLIANCEpeacebuilding WITH FAITH-BASEDLaos BUILDING ALLIANCE WITH44 FAITH-BASED47 91 Vietnam 336 211 547 ACTORS AND PARTNERS ACTORS AND PARTNERS Tanzania* - - - Zambia* - - - Sudan* - - - This matrix illustrates our vision and the totality of our work,This including matrix how illustrates we work, ourVietnam what vision we and work the with totality and of with our whom.work, including2,129 how we work,3,299 what we work with5,428 and with whom. TOTAL 8,982 10,415 19,397 TOTAL 24,687 16,669 41,356

NCA country NCA country programmes programmes SOI: No. of rights-holders whose with Access SOI: No. of rights-holders recieving health with CLIMATE vulnerability is reduced by climate change adaptation measures to Quality services CHANGE Health Care ADAPTATION 2015 2015 programme programme Female Male Total Female Male Total Malawi 34,703 28,431 63,134 Brazil 3,898 3,897 7,795 Myanmar 125,248 75,921 201,169 Ethiopia 3,647 2,277 5,924 Palestine 6,785 7,067 13,852 Guatemala 2,670 1,742 4,412 South Sudan 15,890 6,786 22,676 Haiti 758 751 1,509 Sudan 214,437 165,773 380,210 Kenya 1,372 1,809 3,181 Vietnam* - - - Laos* - - - Zambia 11,413 3,034 14,447 Mali 20,786 57,485 78,271 TOTAL Vietnam 995 1,141 2,136 408,476 287,012 695,488 Zambia* - - - NCA country Angola 40 137 177 programmes Malawi * - - - with Water, SOI: No. of rights-holders who have access to basic water supply service level TOTAL 34,166 69,239 103,405 Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) 2015 * SOI figure not available due to: programme phase out; lack of SOI programme relevance for country programme; or results being reported under Female Male Total another SOI Afghanistan 12,967 12,079 25,046 Angola 2,706 3,776 6,482 Burundi 4,933 5,475 10,408 DR Congo 84,080 62,870 146,950 Ethiopia 23,727 24,361 48,088 Haiti 2,298 1,532 3,830 Pakistan 78,050 70,546 148,596 South Sudan 40,514 55,508 96,022 Sudan 161,111 144,766 305,877 Somalia 87,523 66,281 153,804 TOTAL 497,909 447,194 945,103

* SOI figure not available due to: programme phase out; lack of SOI relevance for country programme; or results being reported under another SOI GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 115 2 EVALUATIONS AND REVIEWS CARRIED OUT IN 2015

COUNTRY TITLE INTERNAL / EXTERNAL

COUNTRY PROGRAMME EVALUATION

South Sudan Evaluation of NCA South Sudan’s three year pro- External gramme including: Community Violence and Small Arms, Faith Communities and Peacebuilding and Women in Governance 2013-2015

THEMATIC PROGRAMME EVALUATION

Guatemala Autonomous Energy Management in Three Mayan External Communities in Guatemala

Ethiopia End-line/Baseline Survey: Female Genital Mutilation External (FGM) Situation in Six Regions of Ethiopia

Zambia ZEC Women in Governance Programme 2013-2015 External

Tanzania Resources and Finance Programme 2013-2015 External

PROJECT EVALUATION

Palestine- Middle East Evaluation of the Strategic Cancer Care Initiative External (SCCI) Phases I & II

DRC Evaluation of Panzi Foundation Mental Health Project External in South Kivu

DRC Evaluation of Project Badilika, Panzi Foundation External

Laos Empowerment of School Children Against Human External Trafficking and Drug Abuse

Laos Empowerment of ethnic Minorities for Livelihood and External Community Development in North West Laos

NCA global Evaluation of NCA’s Emergency WASH Kits External

Philippines Evaluation of ACT Alliance Response to Typhoon External Haiyan

Somalia Protecting Women and Girls Against Sexual and External Gender Based Violence (SGBV), and Harmful Tradi- tional Practices (HTPs) and Participation of Women In Peacebuilding

Somalia Secondary and Vocational Education External

Zambia CHAZ Community Managed Microfinance External

Zambia Youth Enterprise Development and Value Addition External Pilot Project, Monze Diocese

OTHER ASSESSMENTS

Laos Participatory Learning Review of the Empower- External & Internal ment of Ethnic Minority Children through Education Project

116 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 3 FINANCIAL SUMMARY 2015 Norwegian Church Aid prepares consolidated financial statements covering all its activities at Head Office and abroad. The purpose is to give an overview of the organisation as a whole, with an overall description of financial performance and position.

The total incoming resources in 2015 amounted to NOK 958 million. This is an increase of NOK 95 million compared to last year when income from the NRK Telethon is excluded. The annual result shows a negative net income of NOK -14 million. This is according to plan, as 2015 was the first year for the Telethon funded programme. Income from earmarked fundraising campaigns (like the Telethon) is registered and gives a profit the year it is received (for the Telethon this was in 2014), while these funds can be used over several years. They are expensed as they are used in the following years and from a technical perspective they are seen as a loss when the years are looked at separately. Unrestricted funds were strengthened by NOK 9 million to NOK 156 million.

INCOMING RESOURCES RESOURCES EXPENDED

Grants from Norwegian Government Agencies Total resources expended in 2015 amounted to NOK 972 Norwegian Church Aid has implemented projects million compared to NOK 896 million in 2014. financed by Norad and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for a value of NOK 596 million including Costs of generating donations administrative support during 2015. This represents an This year’s costs of generating donations amounted to increase of NOK 15 million compared to 2014. 44 million NOK, compared to NOK 37 million in 2014. This covers the part of Norwegian Church Aid working Grants from other organisations with fundraising. During 2015, Norwegian Church Aid received NOK 142 million from UN Agencies, ACT Alliance appeals, ACT International Cooperation sister organisations and other organisations. This is In 2015, Norwegian Church Aid spent NOK 884 million NOK 18 million more than in 2014. Further diversifi- on international cooperation, in line with the organisa- cation of our donor portfolio will be a primary focus in tion’s purpose and mission. This is an increase from 2016 and 2017. NOK 782 million in 2014, with Tanzania, Nepal, Iraq, Lebanon and Europe showing the strongest growth. Donations In 2015 NCA received unrestricted donations for a value Governance Costs of NOK 155 million and restricted donations for a value of Governance costs at Head Office amounted in 2015 to NOK 59 million. The fundraising campaign for refugees NOK 43 million – keeping the same level as in 2014. The in Europe raised NOK 36 million within year-end due to ratio of governance costs to total resources expended major gifts. This is the highest amount collected for an has decreased to 4.5%, from 4.8% the previous year. earmarked campaign since the Tsunami in 2004.

HOW WE USE THE FUNDS HowSource: we annual use finance the report 2015unds ource nnual finance report

or the purpose , undraising , dinistration ,

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 117 Norwegian Church Aid 4 STATEMENT OF NorwegianFINANCIAL Church Aid ACTIVITIES 2015 Statement of Financial Activities 2014 Statement of Financial Activities 2015 2014 Exchange rate USD (weighted average rate applied) 6,18743414 20152013 2015Exchange Exchange Exchange rate rate USD rate USD (weightedUSD (weighted (weighted average average average rate rate applied): rate applied) applied) 8.0228 5,87688,022848 2014 Exchange rate USD (weighted average rate applied): 6.1874 2014 Exchange rate USD (weighted average rate applied) 6,187434 (NOK and UDS '000) 2014 NOK 2014 USD 2013 NOK 2013 USD (NOK(NOK and USDUSD '000) ‘000) 2015 NOK 2015 USD 2014 NOK 2014 USD INCOMING RESOURCES INCOMING RESOURCES Institutional grants InstitutionalNorad - The grants Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation 287,946 46,537 254,886 43,371 MFANorad - The - NorwegianThe Norwegian Ministry Agency of Foreign for Development Affairs Cooperation 246,568311,515 39,85038,829 161,109287,946 27,41446,537 OtherMFA Government - The Norwegian Agencies Ministry of Foreign Affairs 8,826246,728 1,42630,753 14,688246,568 2,49939,850 AdministrativeOther government support agencies from Government Agencies 37,1882,881 6,010 359 29,0318,826 4,940 1,426 SubtotalAdministrative Norwegian support Government from government Agencies agencies 580,52834,633 93,8244,317 459,71437,188 78,225 6,010 UNSubtotal - United NorwegianNation Agencies government agencies 25,411595,758 4,10774,258 26,578580,528 4,52393,824 ACTUN Alliance - United and Nation other AgenciesACT sister organisations 39,47132,803 6,3794,089 45,54525,411 7,750 4,107 OtherACT organisations Alliance and other ACT sister organisations 57,27036,868 9,2564,595 69,98539,471 11,909 6,379 Administrative support from UN, ACT and other organisations 1,474 238 2,525 430 Other organisations 65,671 8,186 57,270 9,256 Subtotal UN, ACT and other organisations 123,626 19,980 144,634 24,611 Administrative support from UN, ACT and other organisations 6,768 844 1,474 238 Subtotal UN, ACT and other organisations 142,110 17,713 123,626 19,980 Total institutional grants 704,154 113,804 604,348 102,836

DonationsTotal institutional grants 737,869 91,971 704,154 113,804 Unrestricted donations 132,495 21,414 118,815 20,218 Donations Restricted donations 8,111 1,311 18,669 3,177 Unrestricted donations 142,661 17,782 132,495 21,414 Donations from Telethon 2014 253,005 40,890 0 0 TestamentaryRestricted donations donations and legacies 12,65554,883 2,0456,841 13,4108,111 2,282 1,311 Total donationsDonations from Telethon 2014 406,2671,117 65,660 139 150,894253,005 25,67640,890 Testamentary donations and legacies 15,029 1,873 12,655 2,045 InvestmentTotal donations income 5,358213,691 86626,635 13,487406,267 2,29565,660

OtherInvestment incoming income resources 3735,207 60 649 7665,358 130 866

TOTALOther INCOMING incoming RESOURCESresources 1,116,152 959 180,390 120 769,495 373124,364 60

RESOURCESTOTAL INCOMING INCOMING EXPENDED RESOURCES RESOURCES 957,725 119,375 1,116,152 180,390180,390

Costs of Generating Other Donations 36,625 5,919 30,701 5,224 RESOURCES EXPENDED Costs of Generating Donations from Telethon 33,932 5,484 0 0 Costs of generating other donations 44,702 5,572 36,625 5,919 Long-term development cooperation 520,021 84,045 461,738 78,570 Costs of generating donations from Telethon (368) (46) 33,932 5,484 Humanitarian assistance 193,629 31,294 159,794 27,191 AdvocacyLong-term for globaldevelopment justice cooperation 68,633538,046 11,09267,064 69,138520,021 11,76584,045 Total InternationalHumanitarian Cooperation assistance 782,283271,732 126,43133,870 690,671193,629117,52531,294 GovernanceAdvocacy Costs for global justice 43,37374,031 7,0109,228 49,13268,633 8,36011,092 Total international cooperation 883,809 110,161 782,283 126,431 TOTAL RESOURCES EXPENDED 896,214 265,356 770,504 243,410 Governance costs 43,472 5,419 43,373 7,010 NET INCOME (EXPENDITURE) FOR THE YEAR 219,938 35,546 (1,009) (172) TOTALTOTAL RESOURCES RESOURCES EXPENDED EXPENDED 971,614 121,106121,106 896,214 144,844

NET INCOME (EXPENDITURE) FOR THE YEAR EXCL. TELETHON 865 140 (1,009) (172) NETNET INCOME INCOME (EXPENDITURE) (EXPENDITURE) FOR FOR THE THE YEAR YEAR (13,889) (1,731)(1,731) 219,938 35,546

Net movement in Funds NETNET INCOME INCOME (EXPENDITURE) (EXPENDITURE) FORFOR THE THE YEAR YEAR EXCL. EXCL. TELETHON TELETHON 20,855 2,5992,599 865865 140 Transfer to (from) unrestricted funds 18,647 3,014 3,795 646 Transfer to (from) funds with internally imposed restrictions (2,371) (383) 427 73 Net movement in funds Transfer to (from) funds with externally imposed restrictions 203,662 32,915 (5,232) (890) Transfer to (from) unrestricted funds 19,838 2,473 18,647 3,014 Total net movement in Funds 219,938 35,546 (1,009) (172) Transfer to (from) funds with internally imposed restrictions (10,998) (1,371) (2,371) (383) Transfer to (from) funds with externally imposed restrictions (22,729) (2,833) 203,662 32,915 Total net movement in funds Page 1 of 1 (13,889) (1,731) 219,938 35,546 TOTAL NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS (13,889) (1,731) 219,938 35,546

Page 1 of 1 118 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 BALANCE SHEET AS PER 31 DECEMBER 2015

Norwegian Church Aid

Exchange rate 31 Dec 2015: 8.7473 Balance Sheet as per 31 December 2015 Exchange rate 31 DecExchange 2014: 7.4362 rate 31 Dec 2015: 8,74737 Exchange rate 31 Dec 2014: 7,43626 (NOK(NOK and and USD USD '000) ‘000) 31.12.15 NOK 31.12.15 USD 31.12.14 NOK 31.12.14 USD ASSETS Tangible fixed assets 52,076 5,953 54,830 7,373 Subtotal fixed assets 52,076 5,953 54,830 7,373 Stocks 3,460 396 2,716 365 Debtors 100,660 11,507 301,675 40,568 Investments 320,063 36,590 71,040 9,553 Cash at bank and in hand 187,695 21,457 252,914 34,011 Subtotal current assets 611,878 69,950 628,345 84,497

TOTALTOTAL ASSETS 663,954 75,90375,903 683,175 91,871 FUNDS AND LIABILITIES FUNDS Unrestricted funds 155,603 17,789 135,766 18,257 Funds with internally imposed restrictions 10,998 1,479 Funds with externally imposed restrictions 221,131 25,280 243,860 32,793 TOTAL FUNDS 376,734 43,068 390,623 52,529 LIABILITIES Accruals for pension liabilities 30,398 3,475 26,180 3,521 Bank loan 22,050 2,521 23,100 3,106 Total long-term liabilities 52,448 5,996 49,280 6,627 Project balances, advances from donor 170,190 19,456 171,085 23,007 Other short-term liabilities 64,581 7,383 72,187 9,707 Total short-term liabilities 234,771 26,839 243,272 32,714 TOTAL LIABILITIES 287,219 32,835 292,552 39,341 TOTAL FUNDS AND LIABILITIES 663,954 75,90375,903 683,175 91,871

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GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 119 5 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR´S REPORT 2015

120 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 121 6 TOTAL EXPENDITURE FOR COUNTRIES AND PROGRAMMES 2015

TOTAL NOK GLOBAL PROGRAMME

Water Access to Faith Com- Women, Community COUNTRY Sanitation and Strengthening Quality Livelihood & Emergency Core Gender-based Resources & munities and Peace & Violence & Climate Change Climate Change Social Mitigation Women In Hygiene Civil Society Health Care Trade other expenditure Violence Finance Peacebuilding Security Small Arms Adaptation Mitigation of HIV and AIDS Governance Other Grand Total Afghanistan 20,538,305 12,738,924 874,978 9,078,515 176,681 59,808 1,910,182 4,681,999 1,176,962 6,738,609 359,533 274,500 58,608,997 Angola 2,249,508 21,264,605 1,048,725 2,164,099 1,546,766 1,598,725 741,664 30,614,091 Armenia 23,382 540,000 563,382 Brazil 3,287,236 2,896,633 401,591 548,057 588,213 1,895,436 150,000 9,767,167 Burundi 2,261,161 6,338,961 551,085 20,348 2,545,848 2,704,933 14,422,336 Cuba 103,536 462,500 566,036 Democratic Republic 9,051,400 3,246,926 120,539 302,085 5,427,455 9,150,092 5,257,280 32,555,777 of the Congo Dominican Republic 867,040 616,444 250,000 103,944 150,000 1,987,428 Eritrea 150,000 118,445 150,000 418,445 Ethiopia 7,211,120 4,946,007 2,064,969 3,509,456 7,303,805 403,459 407,532 941,659 587,636 27,375,643 Global 10,848,239 7,458,280 33,769 1,414,112 3,691,061 29,590,996 1,408,285 1,447,355 311,496 1,188,224 387,832 938,241 1,748,266 549,657 1,543,241 4,506,771 67,065,824 Greece 250,000 250,000 500,000 Guatemala 975,995 961,527 1,328,247 4,691,483 97,840 532,675 80,987 8,668,754 Haiti 4,356,929 8,010,039 66,934 1,766,230 194,764 43,725 618,112 329,418 50,201 1,464,761 41,934 16,943,047 India 11,976 951,034 1,847,541 1,249,768 14,439 4,074,759 Iraq 21,074,651 1,932,324 23,006,976 Kenya 7,761,330 538,555 550,646 1,225,842 1,550,824 464,742 12,091,940 Laos 7,029,176 958,656 1,166,042 380,099 560,927 1,640,915 11,735,815 Lebanon 3,937,500 1,695,000 750,000 2,325,000 2,092,500 10,800,000 Macedonia 200,000 800,000 1,000,000 Malawi 4,079,453 34,959,260 4,864,348 2,525,209 2,527,658 5,802,049 54,757,978 Mali 3,396,440 5,959,652 1,703,445 7,490,405 636,638 1,396,084 5,115,925 5,494,854 3,342,254 34,535,698 Myanmar 632,500 3,617,687 670,784 4,926,948 4,652,170 17,038 336,845 931,133 57,500 165,000 16,007,605 Nepal 16,457,125 7,806,080 1,154,164 25,417,369 Norway 33,985 4,428,476 973,630 21,245,428 476,000 725,424 389,328 28,272,270 Pakistan 11,065,607 3,667,197 770,342 366,963 1,885,935 5,423,473 519,553 23,699,070 Palestine 5,946,170 5,353,194 2,701,590 248,205 5,899,946 20,149,106 Philippines 140,312 2,539,080 874,500 3,553,893 Regional Eastern 325,862 341,380 251,077 725,000 1,643,319 Africa Regional Europe 20,225 181,947 157,059 359,231 Regional Latin 2,681,922 628,028 440,804 440,804 4,191,559 America Regional Middle East 5,707,883 1,426,971 7,134,854 Regional South East 794,634 794,634 Asia Regional Southern 11,147,442 815,013 1,478,580 5,801,220 4,146,517 683,552 781,218 24,853,542 Africa Regional West and 63,738 63,738 Central Africa Romania 652,738 648,430 486,323 1,787,491 Serbia 3,958,261 1,025,000 4,983,261 Somalia 14,228,923 8,537,924 10,654,147 8,350,494 4,680,875 811,547 3,309,428 77,140 50,650,477 South Sudan 9,891,544 8,574,851 8,088,181 152,882 18,920,986 34,384 10,076,317 3,117,346 10,343,671 3,103,894 4,067,896 76,371,951 Sudan (Darfur region) 22,715,715 3,519,971 9,439,165 4,471,874 6,124,135 202,087 2,708,799 967,332 50,149,080 Sudan (excl. Darfur) 5,524,637 4,379,699 3,336,310 1,171,346 304,094 2,257,992 42,504 17,016,582 Syria 9,954,785 4,361,852 1,641,656 5,877,000 21,835,293 Tanzania 3,403,634 3,791,128 17,060,437 7,685,041 1,412,971 6,585,842 3,853,193 834,164 1,613,011 228,521 117,761 46,585,703 Thailand 902,157 1,123,457 2,025,614 Vietnam 3,320,027 1,517,977 54,938 1,888,398 2,066,488 845,713 9,693,541 Western Sahara 824,672 1,924,235 2,748,907 Zambia 8,575,667 1,708,727 2,416,258 742,533 4,084,072 1,325,497 465,641 2,092,268 349,991 21,760,654 GRAND TOTAL 189,165,880 179,111,600 86,808,931 64,002,359 62,534,075 50,908,400 44,006,523 36,264,337 33,499,898 28,626,130 25,968,022 24,833,112 20,236,798 14,641,238 13,263,862 9,937,669 883,808,835

122 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 TOTAL NOK GLOBAL PROGRAMME

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 123 7 TOTAL EXPENDITURE 2011-2015

Total expenses related to the organisation’s purpose

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 TOTAL

Angola 18,440,105 18,237,000 17,307,155 31,570,154 30,614,091 116,168,505

Burundi 5,064,108 7,745,000 9,407,824 13,894,987 14,422,336 50,534,255

Democratic Republic of Congo 22,078,688 17,758,000 21,540,729 33,836,948 32,555,777 127,770,142

Eritrea 13,428,929 3,329,000 250,000 470,957 418,445 17,897,331

Ethiopia 28,712,966 21,994,000 24,908,851 19,701,032 27,375,643 122,692,492

Kenya 27,753,366 13,826,000 10,555,111 12,124,006 12,091,940 76,350,423

Liberia 81,802 6,640,000 15,678 -103,403 0 6,634,077

Malawi 25,972,918 15,844,000 33,831,293 46,657,832 54,757,978 177,064,021

Mali 25,958,800 42,234,000 47,523,865 37,630,468 34,535,698 187,882,831

Mauritania 3,049,201 2,980,000 977,954 0 0 7,007,155

Regional Eastern Africa 937,350 2,120,000 2,640,299 2,192,068 1,643,319 9,533,036

Regional Southern Africa 17,962,584 18,615,000 18,970,815 26,117,729 24,853,542 81,666,128

Regional West and Central Africa 0 0 0 1,092,504 63,738 1,156,242

Rwanda 6,417,094 1,862,000 0 0 0 8,279,094

Somalia 61,512,833 43,543,000 33,524,778 36,397,902 50,650,477 225,628,990

South Sudan 37,588,747 32,769,000 34,868,553 64,002,595 76,371,951 245,600,846

Sudan 76,692,957 58,836,000 64,818,239 55,749,075 67,165,662 256,096,271

Tanzania 21,671,507 19,589,000 22,192,650 21,073,844 46,585,703 131,112,704

Western Sahara 3,392,165 3,121,000 3,832,219 4,942,133 2,748,907 18,036,424

Zambia 24,056,353 23,641,000 25,853,441 26,648,708 21,760,654 121,960,156

TOTAL AFRICA 420,772,473 354,683,000 373,019,454 433,999,539 498,615,861 1,989,071,123

Afghanistan 45,888,370 49,509,000 40,461,610 52,711,522 58,608,997 247,179,499

Bangladesh 5,047,939 1,149,000 205,302 0 0 6,402,241

Myanmar 12,038,283 16,644,000 17,333,147 17,573,198 16,007,605 79,596,233

India 4,129,642 4,047,000 3,150,758 4,560,581 4,074,759 19,962,740

Iraq 6,348,450 0 0 1,002,577 23,006,976 30,358,003

Laos 13,923,328 10,693,000 8,815,047 9,295,328 11,735,815 54,462,518

Lebanon 0 0 0 0 10,800,000 10,800,000

Nepal 657,465 0 0 0 25,417,369 26,074,834

Pakistan 31,974,121 26,066,000 16,373,283 22,749,526 23,699,070 120,862,000

Palestine 23,569,048 27,219,000 26,003,309 25,145,630 20,149,106 122,086,093

124 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 Total expenses related to the organisation’s purpose

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 TOTAL

Philippines 0 0 2,223,810 10,894,744 3,553,893 16,672,447

Regional Middle East 1,347,278 4,120,000 8,117,038 10,103,666 7,134,854 30,822,836

Regional South East Asia 0 1,304,000 2,639,434 2,591,219 794,634 7,329,287

Sri Lanka 1,370,048 0 0 0 0 1,370,048

Syria 0 269,000 13,552,075 31,850,466 21,835,293 67,506,834

Thailand 60,000 3,337,000 3,311,020 2,841,183 2,025,614 11,574,817

Vietnam 4,844,081 7,960,000 7,276,434 8,845,081 9,693,541 38,619,137

TOTAL ASIA 151,198,053 152,317,000 149,462,267 200,164,721 238,537,526 891,679,567

Armenia 1,358,572 1,120,000 700,000 549,971 563,382 4,291,925

Greece 0 0 0 0 500,000 500,000

Kosovo 0 1,162,000 0 0 0 1,162,000

Macedonia 357,143 0 0 0 1,000,000 1,357,143

Regional Europe 151,588 11,000 220,962 58,540 20,225 442,090

Romania 0 0 270,000 556,000 1,787,491 2,613,491

Russia 500,000 190,000 0 350,000 339,006 1,379,006

Serbia 2,025,951 2,648,000 840,769 0 4,983,261 10,497,981

TOTAL EUROPE 4,393,254 5,131,000 2,031,731 1,514,511 9,193,365 22,243,636

Brazil 11,803,965 14,328,000 13,686,221 10,441,165 9,767,167 60,026,518

Cuba 450,000 460,000 745,223 677,789 566,036 2,899,048

Dominican Republic 1,975,337 1,878,000 1,963,635 1,942,463 1,987,428 9,746,863

El Salvador 270,000 270,000 0 0 0 540,000

Guatamala 7,612,081 6,718,000 7,704,843 7,866,284 8,668,754 38,569,962

Haiti 28,076,097 24,437,000 34,049,763 26,213,348 16,943,047 129,719,255

Nicaragua 2,687,270 1,366,000 138,041 0 0 4,191,311

Regional Latin America 1,744,586 5,367,000 4,809,339 4,699,910 4,191,559 20,812,394

TOTAL LATIN AMERICA 54,619,336 54,824,000 63,097,065 51,840,959 42,123,990 266,505,350

Global 55,566,350 62,094,000 71,804,411 68,447,025 67,065,824 324,977,610

Norway 45,568,794 39,837,000 31,255,719 26,316,299 28,272,270 171,250,082

TOTAL EXPENSES RELATED TO THE ORGANISATION’S PURPOSE 732,118,260 668,886,000 690,670,647 782,283,054 883,808,835 3,665,727,367

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 125 8 NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID’S COUNCIL 2015

All diocese councils in Norway appoint one representative to Norwegian Church Aid’s Council, and five representatives are appointed by the General Synod of the Church of Norway. In addition, the Council has representatives from a number of free churches and several national Christian organisations for youth and evangelism.

Members 2015 (deputy members) Youth representative: Church of Norway, diocese councils: Leif Christian Andersen (Arnstein Bleiktvedt) Oslo: Karin-Elin Berg (Wenche Fladen Nervold) National Christian organisations: Borg: Bjørn Solberg (Anne Gangnes Kleven) The Domestic Seamen’s Mission: Hamar: Gunnar Gjevre (Toril Kristiansen) Astrid Indrebø Greve (Andrè Sætre) Tunsberg: Kjell Rune Wirgenes (Ingvild Kaslegard) Norwegian YMCA/YWCA: Agder and Telemark: Inger Kjersti Lindvig Fredrik Glad-Gjernes (Anja Elise Husebø) (Tormod Stene Hansen) The Evangelical Lutheran Free Church of Norway: Terje Bjørkås (Ingar Bø) Stavanger: Gunnlaug H. Sigmundsen (Asbjørn Finnbakk) The Free Evangelical Congregations: Bjørgvin: Ivar August Bye (Hege Feet Askvik) Helge Nupen (Bjørn S. Olsen) Møre: Marianne H. Brekken (Knut Johan Rønningen) The Baptist Union of Norway: Jan Sæthre (Arild Harvik) Nidaros: Gabriell Eikli (Britt Arnhild Wigum Lindland) The Mission Covenant Church of Norway: South Hålogaland: Torkel Irgens (Kristine Sandmæl) Eilif Tveit (Viggo Koch) North Hålogaland: Geir Ludvigsen (Heidi Nordbye) The Salvation Army: Tone Gjeruldsen (Eli Nordland Hagen) The General Synod, Church of Norway: The United Methodist Church in Norway: Erling Pettersen, leader of MKR (Kristine Sandmæl) Øyvind Aske (Anne Ng Forster) Berit Agøy Hagen, General Secretary of MKR The Pentecostal Movement in Norway: (Einar Tjelle, assisting General Secretary of MKR) Bjørn Bjørnø (Torstein Mentzoni), Sigmund Kristoffersen (Jan Eilert Akre) Åshild Solgaard (Kristin Hofseth Hovland) Olav Øygard, bishop of North Hålogaland (Herborg Finnset Heiene, Dean of Tromsø) Observers: Kjetil Aano (until the Council meeting) (Kjetil Drangsholt) NORME: Anne Lise Søvde (contact person) Global Aid Network: Arne Sylta (contact person) Representative of the Saami Church Council: The Christian Council of Norway: Jovna Zakharias Dunfjell (Johan Vasara) Knut Refsdal (contact person)

NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID’S BOARD 2015

Kjell Nordstokke, Chairman Employee representative: Brita Bye, Vice Chairman Liv Snesrud (to June) Billy Taranger (to May) Odd H. Evjen (from June) Dag J. Opedal (to May) Jens Aas-Hansen David Hansen (from May) Hanne Sofie Lindahl, Changemakers valgte leder Deputy employee representative: Ingeborg S. Midttømme Kjetil Abildsnes (to June) Inger Marit Nygård Arne Næss-Holm (from June) Katharina Ringen Asting Inger-Torunn Sjøtrø Kjetil Aano (from May) Ottar Mæstad Sissel Vartdal

126 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 9 HUMAN RESOURCES GLOBALLY 2015

By the end of 2015 Norwegian Church Aid employed Norwegian Church Aid’s field offices employ 136,6 permanent members of staff. They were distri expats on contract from the head office and local buted between the various departments as follows: staff, and they are distributed as follows: 2015 2014 Department of International Programmes 44,9 Expats Local Expats Local

Department of Communications 10,5 Afghanistan 2 55 4 50 Marketing Department 28,3 Angola 1 11 1 12 Department for Human Resources 10,8 Brazil 0 2 0 2 Department of Finance 27,6 Burundi 1 15 1 16 Department for Development Policy * 12.5 Secretariat 2 DR Congo 3 30 3 27

*4,5 members of staff position belongs to Changemaker Ethiopia 2 30 1 23 Guatemala 1 8 1 8

In addition, the organisation had 8,4 temporary positions in Haiti 2 19 3 19 the course of the year. By the end of 2015 the organisation India 0 0 1 0 had 145 positions in total in Norway. Jordan 2 0 0 0 Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Kenya 1 16 3 16 Permanent 150,3 149,2 137,7 144,2 136,6 Positions Head Laos 0 39 2 57 Office Malawi 1 18 1 21 Temporary 5,0 2,3 0,6 7 8,4 Mali 1 36 2 39 Project Positions Head Office Myanmar 1 6 1 6 Nepal 1 0 Total Head Office 155,3 151,5 138,3 151,2 145,0 Northern Iraq 4 39 3 0 Pakistan 1 23 1 22 NRK Telethon 2014 12 0 Palestine and 1 7 3 7 Israel Serbia 1 0 Positions in 39,0 45,7 47,0 53,0 45,0 Representations which are Somalia 0 23 0 25 not locally employed South Africa 1 7 2 9 South Sudan 6 80 6 75 The gender distribution among field office staff (employed on contract from the head office) and head office staff is as Sudan 3 118 4 180 follows: Switzerland* 3 0 2 0

Head office Field offices Syria/Tyrkey 2 0 4 0 Thailand 0 0 0 4 Female Men Female Men Tanzania 2 17 1 18 Managers 67% 33 % 63 % 37 % The Central Af- Staff 59 % 41 % 35 % 65 % 0 0 1 0 rican Republic Vietnam 1 9 1 12 Zambia 1 21 1 21 TOTAL 45 629 53 669

GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 127 128 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015 Norwegian Church Aid’s focus countries Countries where Norwegian Church Aid provides strategic project support NORWEGIAN CHURCH AID’S ORGANISATION CHART AS OF 31.12.2015 Countries where Norwegian Church Aid has phased out NCA is phasing out programmes in Brazil, Laos, Vietnam, Kenya and Southern Africa (partial)

Countries where Norwegian Church Aid is implementing large-scale humanitarian responses

2015 2015 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS

Norwegian Church Aid is an ecumenical, diaconal organisation for global justice. We work where needs are greatest, with no intention of changing religious affiliation of our beneficiaries.

To ensure the efficiency and quality of our work, Norwegian Church Aid is a member of ACT Alliance, one of the world’s largest humanitarian alliances. The alliance consists of church-based

2015 2015 with organisations of other religious faiths. GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS

Norwegian Church Aid is an ecumenical, diaconal organisation for global justice. We work where needs are greatest, with no intention of changing religious affiliation of our beneficiaries.

Norwegian Church Aid – Together for a just world

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130 GLOBAL REPORT ON RESULTS 2015