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%355.7D G76,N FORT GRANT CE~1TENNIAL 1872 - 1972 . Ar1:z.. %355.7d G76,n History of Fort Grant 1872 - 1972 THIS OOCUMl:.NT IS THE l"ROPEIUV Of 1 Hl'i DEP,D,RTMENT OF UBRAHY ,~ND triCtl!VES -- A ~l I :.c: () NA Acknowledgements Arizona Pioneer Historical Society Ryder Ridge\\'ay, State Historian Robert ):'ounr, Vice President West, c;ouncil for Abandoned Military Posts Governor of the State of Arizona Superintendent, Arizona State ll:ndustria.l School i · 18th President of the United States c;ONIENIS ll. Beginning is Made 1860.-1908 Old c;amp Granto ............................................... ,. .................... 7 Camp Grant Massacre. ............................................................. 9 New c;amp Granr.,. ....................... ., ....................................... 11 Indian Raids ......................................................................... 14 Life at the Forr .....................................................................;15 The Good Old Days at Bonira .................................................. 21 The Making of an Industrial Schoo! 1901..-1972 The Legislature ll.ppropriares Funds ......................................... 27 Fort Grant as a Coed School. ......... ., ...................................... ., 28 A New Code and Vocational !raining........................................ 29 The Vukcevich Era ,,.,, 1953 ro rhe I?resenr ......................... '°' ...... 31 nip Grant Days Camp Grant--1876 '.'\io Arizona territorial military post ex­ The post• s name was changed to Fort ceeded the importance of Old Camp Breckenridge on August 6, 1860 and Grant as a bulwark during the bloody remained sucn until Colonel James Indian wars. Carelton, Commander of the California Volunteers, honoring the governor of While the Apache wars were raging, Old California, Leland Stanford, named the Camp Grant and later Fort Grant were post Fort Stanford, key posts in the military Bowie, Apache, Grant triangle. Unofficial records refer to the post as Fort Breckenridge again between oct­ Upon orders from the United States o ber 1863 and July 1865, November 1, Army on March 12, 1860, Fort Buchanan 1865 the name Camp Grant became was moved to the junction of the Ari­ official. vaipa Creek and San Pedro River. GeneraJ George Crook described Old From May 8, 1860 to August 6 1860 the camp Grant as being on a little plateau location was called Fort 'Aravaipa. near the San pedro River. The General In July of that year the post housed spoke of life at the forlorn post without 2nd Lt. John Rogers Cooke, Company B, enthusiasm. ue thought of the post as sth Infantry and a handful of men from inadequate and God-forsaken in both Company D, 1st United States Dragoons. site and construction. Camp Grant Established a peaceful General George Stoneman, under orders Indian reservation near the post for from Washington, set up the first peace cooperative Apaches where they lived policy in Arizona by way of Indian and worked in exchange for food and reservations where willing Indians supplies. would be given food in exchange for work done for the white men. Many Malarial infections at Grant in addition Arizonians were infuriated by what they to Jack of water and undesirable location termed "feeding stations" for Apaches led Colonel William B. Royal with 30 of whom they believe would continue his men in October 1872 to the west side raiding. of Mount Graham to look over the pos­ sible new location of Camp Grant. General Crook had ear-marked this spot In April, 1861 two Indian raids near the previous year while chasing errant Tucson prompted members of the Tucson Apaches. Committee of Public Safety, led by veteran Indian fighter and leading citi­ On December 19, 1872 Old Camp Grant zen, William S. Oury, to set out on a pun­ moved to its present location in the itive expedition to the Aravaipa re­ foothills of Mount Graham--although the servation. The group, consisting of post was still to be called Camp Grant approximately six Americans (Whites), until April 5, 1879 when it became Fort 42 Mexicans and 92 Christianized Grant. Papago mercenaries, began their -re­ taliation trek April 28, Picnic at Old Camp Grant--1876 William s. Oury--led expedition that resulted in the Camp Grant Massacre. --s-- Sketch of Fort Grant-1884 ~ot only enraged by the two recent Lieutenant Whitman personally took raids on San Xavier, the Tucson com­ charge of the mass burial of the dead mittee also objected to agencies Indians in the Aravaipa village with the where Apaches worked peacefully hope that the surviving warriors would for the white men which tended to look upon this as concern and not at= reduce military forces and lessen tempt to revenge their dead. war prosperity. The Tucson group arrived at the Ara­ President Ulysses S. Grant was plagued vaipa reservation in the early morn- with protests and petitions concerning what the eastern newspapers ea Hed ing of April 30 to find a village of "Camp Grant Massacre." Although sleeping old people, women and western reaction was not so violent a= children. The avengers ' began their gainst t,he Indian murders, nation= death mission. The Papagos used clubs wide concern prompted the trial of and the Americans and Mexicans fav­ William S. Oury and his followers. ored guns to murder some 144 Ara­ vaipas as they lay sleeping or were be­ All the months of work by Lieutenant ginning their early morning chores. Whitman with the Apaches was cancelled The Indian men, except for a handful, in one nightmarish hour by the hostile were away with their chief, Eskiriimzin Tucson mob. Whitman didn•t rest until leaving the aged and the women and he had brought Oury and his followers children to be annihilated by the Tucson to trial. self-appointed posse. Camp Grant•s F,L. Austi11, post. trader; Oscar Hutton, post guide; Miles L. Wood, post beef contractor and W.iHiam Kness, mail carrier between Camp Graf/it and Tucson, all testified for the prosecution. Wood called the massacre the worst he had ever seen. Arter five days of testimony, the jury re­ tired for nineteen mi.1rmtes to return with a decision to release the defendents. Lieutenant Royal K Whitman was harassed by three 1.mfom11ded court­ martials and failed to be promoted in the next few years folfowi.ng his attempted prosecution of the T'!llcson murderers. He resigned from the service still un­ shaken in his belief of the guilt of those who were a part of the Camp Grant Mas­ E sK;iminzin, leader of the Araviapa Apaches, sacre, with daughter and son. Eskinimzin with a band of warriors es­ caped frnm the Camp Grant solldi.ers fearing that the white men might kill them also. The chief took his men to the cabin of his long-time white friend Charley McKemaa to be hidden and fed. After McKem1a amicably fixed a meal for the Indians, Eskinimzin picked up a rifle and shot the white man. Many years later the Apache chief explained that he killed bis white friend to show his men that no tmst existed between the Indians and the whites. Even white friends had to dieo Apaches all over Arizona territory by the beginning of the 1870'8 had been rounded up ( some voluntarily) or starved 1st U.S. Infantry Band-·J8[{2 into surrender including Eskinimzin, Colonel -Shafter in command chief of the Aravaipas. Eskinimzin, a ~reat enemy of the "White Eyes" realized the futility of continuing to fight his foes and sent five ol!ll squaws to offer peace to the Commanding Officer at Camp Grant. By March 11, 1870 more than 300 Indians surrendered to Lto Royal F. Whitman. Captain S.H. Leib was superv1smg co1111- structio1111 at the new post. For a time after the move temporary hcmsing con­ sisted of several tents until more adobe quarters could be built. Hunt Club-Jst U.S. cavalry 1880'S New C:itiTi]i] Grn111t was an overwhelming impr,:ivem,mt over Old Camp Grant, al­ tho,1gh not to be described as a utopia. The locatirnrn of the post was closer to water, more sanitary and in a better loc0 ati.on for defense against the roving Apache renegades. (Old Camp Grant moved its post near the Arivaipa Creek December 19, 1872 to its present site. The post was still called camp Grant until April 5. 1879 when it officially became Fort Grant. The new location, referred to as camp Grant until that date, is our present Ariz~ 011a State Industrial School for boys.) Army Officers-·-t 885 A local newspaper at the time of the move described the new location as being '•Situated near the base of Mount Graham on the south side with Mount Turnbull to the northwest the Apache Pass and Las Don Cabesas Mountains to the south east, the Dragoon Mountains to the south and the San Pedro Mountains on the west. As far as the eye can reach southward are to be seen mountains, their tops covered with snow, some of them so far away that they look like clouds SUS0 pended in the air. There is no snow at the post but at a distairnce of half a mile on the top airnd sides of Mount Graham there is plenty. A beautiful Httle st• Fort Grant Crossing ream of spring water runs close by the w·est side of the camp." ''Only Uuee officers are present; Cap­ ,tain Mont&"omery in command, Captain Thompson, who is l!.mder arrest by order of General Crook, and Lieutenant Pardee who is AAQM and post adjutant: 1and with superintending the erection of build­ ings, receiving and discharging trains loaded with freight which comes every few days, Lieutenant Pardee has his hands full. Doctor Clark is post sm:= geon. • • There is a stream saw-mill run by soldiers." "Honorable John B. Allen has a contract to furnish the post with wood for present use at $6 per cord and Mr. Fairbanks supplies hay at $28 per.
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