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Phylogenetic Placement of the Enigmatic Orchid Genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from Molecular and Morphological Characters
TAXON 61 (1) • February 2012: 45–54 Xiang & al. • Phylogenetic placement of Thaia and Tangtsinia Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic orchid genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from molecular and morphological characters Xiao-Guo Xiang,1 De-Zhu Li,2 Wei-Tao Jin,1 Hai-Lang Zhou,1 Jian-Wu Li3 & Xiao-Hua Jin1 1 Herbarium & State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China 2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, P.R. China 3 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Township, Mengla County, Yunnan province 666303, P.R. China Author for correspondence: Xiao-Hua Jin, [email protected] Abstract The phylogenetic position of two enigmatic Asian orchid genera, Thaia and Tangtsinia, were inferred from molecular data and morphological evidence. An analysis of combined plastid data (rbcL + matK + psaB) using Bayesian and parsimony methods revealed that Thaia is a sister group to the higher epidendroids, and tribe Neottieae is polyphyletic unless Thaia is removed. Morphological evidence, such as plicate leaves and corms, the structure of the gynostemium and the micromorphol- ogy of pollinia, also indicates that Thaia should be excluded from Neottieae. Thaieae, a new tribe, is therefore tentatively established. Using Bayesian and parsimony methods, analyses of combined plastid and nuclear datasets (rbcL, matK, psaB, trnL-F, ITS, Xdh) confirmed that the monotypic genus Tangtsinia was nested within and is synonymous with the genus Cepha- lanthera, in which an apical stigma has evolved independently at least twice. -
Generic and Subtribal Relationships in Neotropical Cymbidieae (Orchidaceae) Based on Matk/Ycf1 Plastid Data
LANKESTERIANA 13(3): 375—392. 2014. I N V I T E D P A P E R* GENERIC AND SUBTRIBAL RELATIONSHIPS IN NEOTROPICAL CYMBIDIEAE (ORCHIDACEAE) BASED ON MATK/YCF1 PLASTID DATA W. MARK WHITTEN1,2, KURT M. NEUBIG1 & N. H. WILLIAMS1 1Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7800 USA 2Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Relationships among all subtribes of Neotropical Cymbidieae (Orchidaceae) were estimated using combined matK/ycf1 plastid sequence data for 289 taxa. The matrix was analyzed using RAxML. Bootstrap (BS) analyses yield 100% BS support for all subtribes except Stanhopeinae (87%). Generic relationships within subtribes are highly resolved and are generally congruent with those presented in previous studies and as summarized in Genera Orchidacearum. Relationships among subtribes are largely unresolved. The Szlachetko generic classification of Maxillariinae is not supported. A new combination is made for Maxillaria cacaoensis J.T.Atwood in Camaridium. KEY WORDS: Orchidaceae, Cymbidieae, Maxillariinae, matK, ycf1, phylogenetics, Camaridium, Maxillaria cacaoensis, Vargasiella Cymbidieae include many of the showiest align nrITS sequences across the entire tribe was Neotropical epiphytic orchids and an unparalleled unrealistic due to high levels of sequence divergence, diversity in floral rewards and pollination systems. and instead to concentrate our efforts on assembling Many researchers have posed questions such as a larger plastid data set based on two regions (matK “How many times and when has male euglossine and ycf1) that are among the most variable plastid bee pollination evolved?”(Ramírez et al. 2011), or exon regions and can be aligned with minimal “How many times have oil-reward flowers evolved?” ambiguity across broad taxonomic spans. -
Problems with Generic Delimitation in the Odontoglossum Complex (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae) and an Attempt for a Solution
Plant Syst Evol DOI 10.1007/s00606-015-1254-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Problems with generic delimitation in the Odontoglossum complex (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae) and an attempt for a solution 1 1 Marta Kolanowska • Dariusz L. Szlachetko Received: 7 March 2015 / Accepted: 25 September 2015 Ó The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Concepts of the generic delimitation in the representatives of Odontoglossum were later transferred to Odontoglossum complex are revised. Comparative mor- different genera, e.g., Oncidium Sw., Cyrtochilum Kunth., phology of previously recognized genera: Cochlioda, Cochlioda Lindl., Osmoglossum (Schltr.) Schltr., and Collare-stuartense, Odontoglossum, Solenidiopsis, and Otoglossum (Schltr.) Garay & Dunst. The second major Symphyglossum is presented. Differences between those revision of the genus Odontoglossum was presented by taxa are compared with the results of molecular studies. A Pfitzer (1888) who recognized eight sections including two new combination within Collare-stuartense is proposed. adopted from Lindley. Also, orchids included by Pfitzer in the genus are currently comprised in other taxa, e.g., Keywords Collare-stuartense Á Neotropics Á Rossioglossum (Schltr.) Garay & G.C.Kenn., Miltonioides Odontoglossum Á Symphyglossum Á Taxonomy Brieger & Lu¨ckel, and Rhynchostele Rchb.f. The most recent infrageneric classification of Odontoglossum was proposed by Bockemu¨hl (1984, 1989) who accepted 58 Introduction species, which were embraced in six subgenera: nominal one, Serratolaminata, Lindleyana, Erectolobata, Ne- The Neotropical genus Odontoglossum (Orchidaceae, vadensia, and Unguisepala. Those taxa are distinguishable Oncidiinae) was described by Carl Kunth in 1815 based on based on the form of lip-column adnation, shape of the lip the plant collected by Humboldt and Bonpland in southern base as well as anther and rostellum structure. -
E29695d2fc942b3642b5dc68ca
ISSN 1409-3871 VOL. 9, No. 1—2 AUGUST 2009 Orchids and orchidology in Central America: 500 years of history CARLOS OSSENBACH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORCHIDOLOGY LANKESTERIANA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORCHIDOLOGY Copyright © 2009 Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica Effective publication date: August 30, 2009 Layout: Jardín Botánico Lankester. Cover: Chichiltic tepetlauxochitl (Laelia speciosa), from Francisco Hernández, Rerum Medicarum Novae Hispaniae Thesaurus, Rome, Jacobus Mascardus, 1628. Printer: Litografía Ediciones Sanabria S.A. Printed copies: 500 Printed in Costa Rica / Impreso en Costa Rica R Lankesteriana / International Journal on Orchidology No. 1 (2001)-- . -- San José, Costa Rica: Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, 2001-- v. ISSN-1409-3871 1. Botánica - Publicaciones periódicas, 2. Publicaciones periódicas costarricenses LANKESTERIANA i TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Geographical and historical scope of this study 1 Political history of Central America 3 Central America: biodiversity and phytogeography 7 Orchids in the prehispanic period 10 The area of influence of the Chibcha culture 10 The northern region of Central America before the Spanish conquest 11 Orchids in the cultures of Mayas and Aztecs 15 The history of Vanilla 16 From the Codex Badianus to Carl von Linné 26 The Codex Badianus 26 The expedition of Francisco Hernández to New Spain (1570-1577) 26 A new dark age 28 The “English American” — the journey through Mexico and Central America of Thomas Gage (1625-1637) 31 The renaissance of science -
Oncidium Intergenerics
NEWSLETTER January 2020 Volume 15 Issue #1 CLUB NEWS January 7, 2020 Monthly SAOS Meeting by Janis Croft Welcome and Thanks. President Tom Sullivan opened the meeting at 7:00 pm with a 72 attendees. Events VP, Dianne Batchhelder thanked Dottie Your catasetums are likely sleeping now so just look in for bringing in her Chocolate on them every week looking for signs of the new growth Pudding Cake and then which is the time to repot, if they need repotting this year. thanked all who volunteered If you need any potting supplies, email info@ and worked so hard to make staugorchidsociety.org and we will have it ready for you Philip Hamilton our December holiday party at the next meeting. Potting Mix and Fertilizers, $5 each; a success including Mary Durable Plant Tags, $5 for 30 tags; 2020 Calendars, $15 Ann Bell for her Pork Roast (Dianne can provide the recipe) or 2 for $25; Slotted Orchid Pots, 3 to 6 inch pots, $1 to $4 and Susan Smith for her lasagna and Yvonne and Bob for each. washing all the tablecloths! In addition, thanks also went Linda Stewart asked all of the January birthday people to Joey, Celia and Dottie for setting up the refreshments to raise their hands to received their free raffle ticket. and Tom and Bob for set up and Charlie and Doug for Then she announced that if you know of anyone in need breakdown. of a cheering up or a get well card, email her at info@ Membership VP Linda Stewart announced our six new staugorchidsociety.org. -
Evolution Along the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Continuum
Review CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/fpb Functional Plant Biology, 2010, 37, 995–1010 Evolution along the crassulacean acid metabolism continuum Katia SilveraA, Kurt M. Neubig B, W. Mark Whitten B, Norris H. Williams B, Klaus Winter C and John C. Cushman A,D ADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS200, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0200, USA. BFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA. CSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama. DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] This paper is part of an ongoing series: ‘The Evolution of Plant Functions’. Abstract. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialised mode of photosynthesis that improves atmospheric CO2 assimilation in water-limited terrestrial and epiphytic habitats and in CO2-limited aquatic environments. In contrast with C3 and C4 plants, CAM plants take up CO2 from the atmosphere partially or predominantly at night. CAM is taxonomically widespread among vascular plants andis present inmanysucculent species that occupy semiarid regions, as well as intropical epiphytes and in some aquatic macrophytes. This water-conserving photosynthetic pathway has evolved multiple times and is found in close to 6% of vascular plant species from at least 35 families. Although many aspects of CAM molecular biology, biochemistry and ecophysiology are well understood, relatively little is known about the evolutionary origins of CAM. This review focuses on five main topics: (1) the permutations and plasticity of CAM, (2) the requirements for CAM evolution, (3) the drivers of CAM evolution, (4) the prevalence and taxonomic distribution of CAM among vascular plants with emphasis on the Orchidaceae and (5) the molecular underpinnings of CAM evolution including circadian clock regulation of gene expression. -
Comparative Vegetative Anatomy and Systematics of Oncidiinae (Maxillarieae, Orchidaceae) William Louis Stern University of Florida
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by The Keep Eastern Illinois University The Keep Faculty Research & Creative Activity Biological Sciences January 2006 Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of Oncidiinae (Maxillarieae, Orchidaceae) William Louis Stern University of Florida Barbara S. Carlsward Eastern Illinois University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Stern, William Louis and Carlsward, Barbara S., "Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of Oncidiinae (Maxillarieae, Orchidaceae)" (2006). Faculty Research & Creative Activity. 263. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac/263 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research & Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of the Oncidiinae (Maxillarieae, Orchidaceae) WILLIAM LOUIS STERN and BARBARA S. CARLSWARD Abstract Subtribe Oncidiinae comprises a vegetatively heterogeneous assemblage of species that has persistently been incapable of organization. Anatomy was considered to be a possible means to resolve the perplexity of relationships amongst the constituent taxa. The consistent occurrence of a foliar hypodermis, homogeneous mesophyll, conical silica bodies in stegmata, and ubiquitous fibre bundles in leaves provides a matrix for linKing the taxa, as do the parenchymatous pith and O-thickened endodermal cell walls in roots. However, the strict consensus of the 40 genera studied was completely unresolved, suggesting that vegetative characters alone are insufficient to assess the relationships amongst these taxa, a conclusion also reached for the remainder of Maxillarieae. -
In Vitro Symbiotic Germination: a Revitalized Heuristic Approach for Orchid Species Conservation
plants Review In Vitro Symbiotic Germination: A Revitalized Heuristic Approach for Orchid Species Conservation Galih Chersy Pujasatria 1 , Chihiro Miura 2 and Hironori Kaminaka 2,* 1 Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-857-315-378 Received: 16 November 2020; Accepted: 8 December 2020; Published: 9 December 2020 Abstract: As one of the largest families of flowering plants, Orchidaceae is well-known for its high diversity and complex life cycles. Interestingly, such exquisite plants originate from minute seeds, going through challenges to germinate and establish in nature. Alternatively, orchid utilization as an economically important plant gradually decreases its natural population, therefore, driving the need for conservation. As with any conservation attempts, broad knowledge is required, including the species’ interaction with other organisms. All orchids establish mycorrhizal symbiosis with certain lineages of fungi to germinate naturally. Since the whole in situ study is considerably complex, in vitro symbiotic germination study is a promising alternative. It serves as a tool for extensive studies at morphophysiological and molecular levels. In addition, it provides insights before reintroduction into its natural habitat. Here we reviewed how mycorrhiza contributes to orchid lifecycles, methods to conduct in vitro study, and how it can be utilized for conservation needs. Keywords: conservation; in vitro; mycorrhizal fungus; mycorrhizal symbiosis; orchid; seed germination 1. Introduction Orchidaceae is one of the biggest families of angiosperms with more than 17,000–35,000 members [1–3], including the famous Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium, and Cattleya. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS LOCKHARTIA (ORCHIDACEAE: ONCIDIINAE) By MARIO ALBERTO BLANCO-COTO A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Mario Alberto Blanco-Coto 2 To my parents, who have always supported and encouraged me in every way. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals and institutions made the completion of this dissertation possible. First, I thank my committee chair, Norris H. Williams, for his continuing support, encouragement and guidance during all stages of this project, and for providing me with the opportunity to visit and do research in Ecuador. W. Mark Whitten, one of my committee members, also provided much advice and support, both in the lab and in the field. Both of them are wonderful sources of wisdom on all matters of orchid research. I also want to thank the other members of my committee, Walter S. Judd, Douglas E. Soltis, and Thomas J. Sheehan for their many comments, suggestions, and discussions provided. Drs. Judd and Soltis also provided many ideas and training through courses I took with them. I am deeply thankful to my fellow lab members Kurt Neubig, Lorena Endara, and Iwan Molgo, for the many fascinating discussions, helpful suggestions, logistical support, and for providing a wonderful office environment. Kurt was of tremendous help in the lab and with Latin translations; he even let me appropriate and abuse his scanner. Robert L. Dressler encouraged me to attend the University of Florida, provided interesting discussions and insight throughout the project, and was key in suggesting the genus Lockhartia as a dissertation subject. -
A PARTIAL HISTORY of ODONTOGLOSSUMS in GREAT BRITAIN by Brian Ritterhausen
page 1-2 Odontoglossum Alliance A PARTIAL HISTORY OF ODONTOGLOSSUMS IN GREAT BRITAIN by Brian Ritterhausen Odontoglossums belong to the enormous sub tribe Oncidinnae whose main genera also include Oncidium, Miltonia and Cochlioda. The genus Odontoglossum consist of about one hundred known species. These are distributed throughout South America at altitudes of between 1,500 and 2, 750 meters, in cloud forest areas close to the equator in Columbia, Ecuador and Peru. In these tropical regions where is little difference between summer and winter months as we know them. The climate can be considered idyllic, with almost permanent spring all year round. Some species also occur further north, crossing the Panama isthmus into Guatemala and as far as northern Mexico, always growing at high attitudes, very seldom to be found in the tropical lowlands. The first odontoglossum was discovered by Humboldt and Bonpland. Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Baron von Humboldt was born in Germany in 1769, and before his death in 1859 he had successfully explored enormous areas of South America. In his lifetime he was to discover 2, 000 rivers, mountains, plants, animals, ocean currents, and even a crater on the moon named after him. In 1799 Humboldt teamed up with the Frenchman, Aime Bonpland, together they trA-veled to Venezuela on a trip of exploration and discovery. Although they spent only five years on the South American mainland they covered a very large area. upon their return to Europe they brought with the over 60,000 specimens of which no less than 3,000 were new plants unknown to science. -
Orchid Review Supplement Vol
QUARTERLY SUPPLEMENT TO THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTER AND CHECKLIST OF ORCHID HYBRIDS (SANDER’S LIST) APRIL – JUNE 2013 REGISTRATIONS INCLUDING NEWSLETTER OF THE ORCHID HYBRID REGISTRatION ADVISORY GROUP (OHRAG) NO. 4 Distributed with OrchidThe Review VOLUME 121, NUMBER 1303, SEPTEMBER 2013 NEW ORCHID HYBRIDS April – June 2013 REGISTRATIONS Supplied by the Royal Horticultural Society as International Cultivar Registration Authority for Orchid Hybrids NAME PARENTAGE REGISTERED BY (O/U = Originator unknown) Aerangis James G. Coyner Aergs. citrata x Aergs. fastuosa C.Lewis (O/U) Aeranthes Hsinying Ramosa Aerth. Grandiose x Aerth. ramosa Ching Hua x Ancistrophaius Delight Phaius tankervilleae x Anc. thomsonianus L.Glicenstein x Angellea Great Scott! Angcm. scottianum x Jum. comorensis L.Glicenstein Angraecum Comet Hale-Bopp Angcm. florulentum x Angcm. didieri L.Glicenstein x Angulocaste Atsugi Angcst. Chester x Lyc. skinneri Kokusai (H.Kiriu) Ben Berliner Lyc. Lemon Twist x Ang. clowesii L.Glicenstein Mizonokuchi Angcst. Atsugi x Lyc. Chita Sunset Kokusai (J.Shimazaki) x Ansecymphyllum * CeleStial Dawn Aslla. africana x Grcym. Lovely Melody CSBG (Huang, Hu & Zhang) x Aranda Jairak Amber Arach. hookeriana x V. [Ascda.] Pedro Bonetti K.Somboonpol Jairak Creamy Arach. hookeriana x V. [Ascda.] Jukkich Gold K.Somboonpol Jairak Rosy Arach. hookeriana x V. Manuvadee K.Somboonpol Jairak Spots Arach. hookeriana x V. [Ascda.] Kulwadee Fragrance K.Somboonpol x Barkorima * Hoosier’s Angels Bark. scandens x Arto. [Epi.] erubescens ¶ L.Glicenstein x Berlinerara Esther Ann Hmwsa. June x Prom. stapelioides L.Glicenstein Bonatea Angelika Bnt. antennifera ¶ x Bnt. porrecta ¶ K.Wodrich Emerald Bird Bnt. pulchella ¶ x Bnt. cassidea K.Wodrich (J.Truter) Emerald Dancer Bnt. -
Atlanta Orchid Society Newsletter Submissions
The Atlanta Affiliated with the American Orchid Orchid Society, the Orchid Digest Corporation and the Mid-America Orchid Congress. Society 2001 Recipient of the American Orchid Society’s Distinguished Affiliated Bulletin Societies Service Award Newsletter Editor: Danny Lentz Volume 46: Number 12 www.atlantaorchidsociety.org December 2005 DECEMBER EVENTS The Meeting: 8:00 Monday, December 12 at the Atlanta Botanical Garden Annual Holiday Party It’s that time of the year again. For those of you who haven’t been with us long, the December meeting is traditionally a Holiday Party where we can all get together and have a great time. Please bring a covered dish to add to our pot-luck supper and an orchid related gift (inexpensive please) for the blind gift exchange. We will have our usual Exhibition Table, so bring those wonderful winter bloomers! There will be a SHORT (promise!) business meeting in which officers for 2006 will be installed. DUES ARE DUE Dues ($30 single, $45 household) for the calendar year 2006 are due. Your membership dues continue to bring you a monthly newsletter and underwrite the cost of speakers and programs presented throughout the year. Prompt payment helps us determine our budget for the year. Dues Rossioglossum insleayi can be paid directly to Reba Herzfeld at the December or January meeting Inside This Issue Atlanta Orchid Society 2005 Officers…………………………………………..….…………… Page 2 Collector’s Item……Cycnoches cooperi Rolfe. …by Ron McHatton….…………………….... Page 2 Events Out and About………………Dates for your Calendar…………...……….…….……… Page 3 Minutes of the November Meeting ….…….…...……….………….…………..………...….… Page 3 Member Spotlight – Pam Sanchez and Rita Goldstein…………………………...……....…….