Mary Sheldon Barnes and Primary Source Material in History Books
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Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Department of Middle-Secondary Education and Middle-Secondary Education and Instructional Instructional Technology (no new uploads as of Technology Dissertations Jan. 2015) Spring 5-17-2013 Unheralded Historian: Mary Sheldon Barnes and Primary Source Material in History Books James A. Chisholm Jr Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/msit_diss Recommended Citation Chisholm, James A. Jr, "Unheralded Historian: Mary Sheldon Barnes and Primary Source Material in History Books." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2013. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/msit_diss/111 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Middle-Secondary Education and Instructional Technology (no new uploads as of Jan. 2015) at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Middle-Secondary Education and Instructional Technology Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ACCEPTANCE This dissertation UNHERALDED HISTORIAN: MARY SHELDON BARNES AND PRIMARY SOURCE MATERIAL IN HISTORY BOOKS, by JAMES A.CHISHOLM, JR., was prepared under the direction of the candidate’s Dissertation Advisory Committee. It is accepted by the committee members in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Education, Georgia State University. The Dissertation Advisory Committee and the student’s Department Chair, as representatives of the faculty, certify that this dissertation has met all the standards of excellence and scholarship as determined by the faculty. The Dean of the College of Education concurs. ________________________ _________________________ Chara Haeussler Bohan, Ph.D. Caroline Sullivan, Ph.D. Committee Chair Committee Member ________________________ _________________________ Joseph Feinberg, Ph.D. Philo Hutcheson, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member ________________________ Wendy Hamand Venet, Ph.D. Committee Member ________________________ Date ________________________ Dana L. Fox, Ph.D. Chairperson, Middle-Secondary Education and Instructional Technology ________________________ Paul A. Alberto, Ph.D. Interim Dean College of Education AUTHOR’S STATEMENT By presenting this dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the advanced degree from Georgia State University, I agree the library of Georgia State University shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of this type. I agree that permission to quote, to copy from, or to publish this dissertation may be granted by the professor under whose direction it was written, by the College of Education’s director of graduate studies and research, or by me. Such quoting, copying, or publishing must be solely for scholarly purposes and will not involve potential gain. It is understood that any copying from or publication of this dissertation which involves potential gain will not be allowed without my written permission. ______________________________________ James A. Chisholm, Jr. NOTICE TO BORROWERS All dissertations deposited in the Georgia State University library must be used in accordance with the stipulations prescribed by the author in the preceding statement. The author of this dissertation is: James A. Chisholm, Jr. 3601 Spring Creek Circle Snellville, GA 30039 The director of this dissertation is: Dr. Chara Haeussler Bohan Middle-Secondary Education and Instructional Technology College of Education Georgia State University Atlanta, GA 30303 CURRICULUM VITAE James A. Chisholm, Jr., Ph. D. ADDRESS: 3601 Spring Creek Circle Snellville, GA 30039 EDUCATION: Ph.D. 2013 Georgia State University Teaching and Learning M.Ed. 2008 Georgia State University Social Studies Education M.B.A. 1985 Lake Forest School of Management Management A.B. 1970 Georgia State University Sociology PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: 2010 – Present Shiloh Middle School Snellville, GA 2007 – 2010 Snellville Middle School Snellville, GA 2007 Clements Middle School Covington, GA 1971 – 1973 Gordon High School Decatur, GA PUBLICATIONS: Chisholm, J. & Bohan, C. (2010, Oct.). Mary Sheldon Barnes: An educator’s life in historical context, Social Studies Research and Practice, July, 2011. PRESENTATIONS: Chisholm, J. & Bohan, C, (2012, October), The Evolving Use of Primary Source Material in the Classroom, American Association of Teaching and Curriculum (AATC) Chisholm, J. & Bohan, C., (2011, October) Pestalozzian Influences on Mary Sheldon Barnes’s Teaching Methods, American Association of Teaching and Curriculum (AATC) Chisholm, J. & Bohan, C., (2011, October) Pestalozzian Influences on Mary Sheldon Barnes’s Teaching Methods, History of Education Society (HES) Chisholm, J. & Bohan, C., (2011, October) Pestalozzian Influences on Mary Sheldon Barnes’s Teaching Methods, College and University Faculty Assembly (CUFA) Chisholm, J. & Bohan, C., (2010, October) The Challenges of Developing Biographies about Historically Significant Female Educators, American Association of Teaching and Curriculum (AATC) Chisholm, J. (2010, September) A Life Story of Mary Sheldon Barnes: Educator and Textbook Writer, Organization of Educational Historians (OEH) Chisholm, J. & Bohan, C., (2010, March) The Challenges of Developing Biographies about Historically Significant Female Educators, Conference on Literacy, Urban Issues, and Social Studies Education (CLUES) Chisholm, J. & Stevens, H. (2009, Nov) Citizenship Games and the Middle School Student, National Council for the Social Studies Chisholm, J., (2009, Nov) Mary Sheldon Barnes and the Inclusion of Original Source Material in the Classroom, Doctoral Fellows Program, Georgia State University, College of Education Chisholm, J. & Bohan, C. (2009, Feb). Teaching in an Inclusion Classroom and Teacher Perceptions. Conference on Literacy, Urban Issues, and Social Studies Education Chisholm, J. & Bohan, C. (2008, Oct). Teaching Social Studies in Inclusion Classrooms. American Association of Teaching and Curriculum Chisholm, J. (2007, Dec). Mexico, Canada, and the United States: The Three Amigos. National Council for the Social Studies, Poster Presentation PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS AND ACTIVITIES 2012 International Society for Educational Biography, Member 2011 Social Studies Research and Practice, Manuscript Reviewer 2011 College and University Faculty Assembly (CUFA), Graduate Forum Reviewer (2011) 2009 – Present Organization of Educational Historians (OEH), Member 2009 – Present History of Education Society (HES), Member 2006 – Present National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), Member Conference Proposal Reviewer (2009) 2006 – Present College and University Faculty Assembly (CUFA), Member Conference Proposal Reviewer (2009-2011) 2006 – Present Georgia Council for the Social Studies (GCSS), Member 2009 – Present Professional Association of Georgia Educators (PAGE) 2008 – Present American Association for Teaching and Curriculum (AATC), Member Conference Proposal Reviewer (2010-2011) 2008 – Present Kappa Delta Pi, International Honor Society in Education (KDP), Member 2008 – Present Pi Lambda Theta Honor Society (PLT), Member 2009 – Present Social Studies Association at Georgia State University (SSA), Past President ABSTRACT UNHERALDED HISTORIAN: MARY SHELDON BARNES AND PRIMARY SOURCE MATERIAL IN HISTORY BOOKS by James A. Chisholm, Jr. In the latter part of the nineteenth century, Mary Sheldon Barnes emerged as a leading historical methods professor and history textbook author. Although men dominated the field, she wrote several articles and books alone or with her husband Earl Barnes about primary source materials and teaching. She lived during an era in United States history when education was evolving. Students studied traditional subjects such as grammar, mathematics, and Latin using rote memorization. Students who failed to learn classroom material faced varying degrees of punishment from teachers. Classroom pedagogy in the nineteenth century was teacher-focused and teachers often employed a considerable amount of physical fear. Mary Sheldon Barnes developed her pedagogy and writing style using scientific history and German seminary style classrooms. As a teacher, she taught in a normal school, gender specific college, and a co-educational institution of higher learning and these experiences impacted her pedagogy. Barnes rejected the regimented, teacher- centered, memorization/recitation pedagogy of the nineteenth century. She preferred a teaching style that provided more student-centered, discussion-oriented history pedagogy. This study utilizes biography as a format to explore Mary Sheldon Barnes as a pioneer teacher and author. Following her death, history textbook authors turned away from source material textbooks back to traditional chronological design and ignored her contributions to social education history. This dissertation provides an examination of her life and explores its influence on contemporary textbooks and pedagogy. UNHERALDED HISTORIAN: MARY SHELDON BARNES AND PRIMARY SOURCE MATERIAL IN HISTORY BOOKS by James A. Chisholm, Jr. A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Curriculum and Instruction in the Department of Middle-Secondary Education and Instructional Technology in the College of Education Georgia State University