Si La Vida Fuera Fácil No Valdría La Pena Vivirla, Según Joseph Losey

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Si La Vida Fuera Fácil No Valdría La Pena Vivirla, Según Joseph Losey PERSONALIDADES (I) Si la vida fuera fácil no valdría la pena vivirla, según Joseph Losey 'Es evidente que mis film s censuran cier­ tos aspectos del mundo en que vivo y que es Autor de varias obras maestras, Joseph Losey ha sido sin embargo el único que conozco realmente. Y creo que controvertido: por ia industria con la que tuvo sus conflictos, por el senador un film , una obra de teatro o una novela, de­ McCarthy que lo indujo a abandonar USA hace años, por mucho ben ser hasta cierto punto, una reflexión so­ espectador complaciente a quien probablemente incomodan sus tortuosas bre el mundo en que vive su autor, aún cuan­ do éste quiera aislarse de ese mundo, luchar visiones de decadencias, deterioros, mujeres infrecuentes, contra él o contra uno de sus aspectos o más ocasionales sordideces o cuestionamientos críticos a menudo audaces simplemente dar una visión personal. De to ­ E i enorme dominio de su medio, Ia densidad de sus films, tas propuestas dos modos no censuraría al mundo en que de desenmascaramiento, forman empero una unidad creativa. Losey como vivo si no tuviera motivos para criticarlo y si artista, se propone pensar y opinar sobre este mundo. Seguramente no lo apreciara realmente, si no lo amara, si no aceptara sus valores". No todos los films no es un pasivo ni un pacífico espectador. de Joseph Losey (71 años, de Wisconsin, USA) son tan críticos como pudiera pensar­ se y a veces quizás sean menos críticos de lo que él mismo piensa. Es también uno de los "directores más creativos a partir de la década del 60 en Europa. En esa carrera ha habido varios períodos desde el realismo policial que utiliza en sus primeros film s en USA, después las crecientes tortuosidades con que adorna argumentos menores, después su aso­ ciación con- Harold Pinter en el momento más brillante de su evolución y en los ú lti­ mos años la dedicación a temas que provie­ nen de los prestigios del teatro, la ópera o la historia contemporánea, dotados de una for­ mulación casi siempre magistral. Esa evolu­ ción puede entenderse como un síntoma de distanciarruento o de cambios en las prefe­ rencias del director. Empero, contemplados con la perspectiva de toda la obra, los film s descubren cauces secretos que los identifi­ can. El quebrantamiento del realismo y las ocasionales tortuosidades pueden ser en apa­ riencia el rasgo de estilo común. Lo que en definitiva otorga coherencia al conjunto es que cada film corresponde en mayor o menor medida a una visión del mundo donde se notan influencias de Brecht (las canciones que comentan y distancian EL OTRO SEÑOR KLEIN la acción), la preferencia por símbolos que Violencia sobre decorado explícito a menudo hacen réferencia a la sexualidad de sus personajes, la visión nerviosa, exacer­ bada e hiriente de la sociedad, una utiliza­ ción de figuras femeninas para concentrar so­ bre ellas la decadencia de los individuos y una síntesis de otras decadencias a las que parte de su obra describe con preferencia. Sin em­ bargo esos rasgos generales quizás sean insu­ ficientes para describir la carrera y la perso­ nalidad de Losey, un hombre que se ha em­ peñado en una permanente independencia y que se ha especializado en hurgar la parte de sadismo, violencia, sexo, perversión, ma­ soquismo, crueldad y corrupción que sub- yace la conducta de los humanos. Como quien dice su opinión sobre la gente no es muy optimista, pero a ello debiera sumarse todavía, que en la lista de temas preferidos figuran impugnaciones contra la pena de muerte, el m ilitarism o, la guerra, el racismo, la corrupción política, el sistema carcelario, la caza de brujas, el antisemitismo, el stali- nismo y otras maldades polémicas. Un crea­ dor con sus complicaciones muy personales, sin duda. UN TORTUOSO REALISMO.- Es cu­ rioso cómo Losey ha cumplido una carrera llena de conflictos, films mutilados, persecu- DON JUAN siones numerosas, y sin embargo ha termina- El juego de las máscaras 10 do por ganar el respeto de la crítica mundial que desde hace veinte años Jo reconoce co­ mo un creador. Antes de sus azares dentro del cine había estudiado medicina, hizo tea­ tro, escribió en el New York Herald, viajó a Europa, fue a la Unión Soviética, volvió a Europa para estudiar a Brecht, se dedicó al teatro crítico y montó en USA un Galileo Galilei que causó asombro. Cuando llegó al cine cayó en RKO y a m itad de rodaje de El n fío de los cabellos verdes la salida de Dore Schary del estudio le creó los pri­ meros conflictos. En etapas posteriores le cortaron La ronda del sospechoso, el sena­ dor McCarthy lo acusó de estar afiliado al Partido Comunista (lo que no era cierto), debió ocultar su identidad y desde 1952 se quedó a vivir en Europa donde se hizo lla­ mar Víctor Hanbury, Joseph Walton y An­ drea Forzano para eludir persecuciones y que sus films pudieran exhibirse. En 1956 cuando se atreve a asumir de nuevo la pro­ pia identidad, Losey es otro y sus films ad­ quieren progresivamente una fuerza y un cli­ ma neurótico que a veces deriva al morbo. Esa persistencia le dio una fama segura en la década del 60 y un prestigio escalonado que lo habilitó para experiencias creativas que pocos productores toleran a pocos directo­ res, incluyendo una versión enorme de Gali­ leo sobre la pieza de Brecht o la versión completa y refinada de Don Juan sobre Mozart. En los últim os diez años de esa evo­ lución los film s de Losey parecen aplacarse, y una adaptación de Casa de muñecas sobre Ibsen ya no es una reflexión actualizada so­ bre el feminismo del siglo X IX sino una aproximación estética a ese mundo y a esos personajes, de la misma manera que las rup­ turas del realismo parecen importarle menos después de El mensajero del amor en 1970. Desde ese momento sus film s adquieren una densidad creativa sutil, una fluidez que reve­ la una imprevisible serenidad, incluso en pe­ lículas claramente polémicas como El asesi­ nato de Trotsky, El otro señor Klein y Las rutas del sur, que alternan con experiencias donde el interés es más artístico y estético que declaradamente conceptual, para el caso que Losey pueda alguna vez liberarse de una actitud crítica personal intransferible. Las tortuosidades previas son sin embargo reveladoras de su actitud ante el mundo y equi­ valen a una definición. En El cómplice de las sombras el policía Van Heflin embaraza a su amante casada Evelyn K^yes y ese des­ cuido genera un crimen. En El maldito cuen­ ta la historia del vampiro de Düsseldorf, fa­ moso desde una anterior versión de Fritz LOSEY/Satut Lang. En La noche inolvidable un adolescen- F/LMOGRAFIA JOSEPH LOSEY CORTOMETRAJES relato "Chance at the Wheel" de Víc­ Sands, Lee Patrick, Lalo Ríos. En 1 93 9 - Petroleum and his Cousinsft.l. El pe­ tor Canning. Fotografía (Cinepanora- U S A .. 8 3 ’. tróleo y sus primos). Director, Joseph ma, Eastmancolor), Wilkie Cooper. 1 9 5 0 -El cómplice de las sombras (T h e Losey. Libreto de Joseph Losey. Fo­ Música, John Hotchkis. Con Donald Prowler). Director, Joseph Losey. Li­ tografía (Technicolor 3D), Harold W olfit, Michael Medwin, Michaei Rip- breto de Dalton Trumbo, Hugo But- Muller. Música, Hanns Eisler. Mario­ per, Alex de Gallier. En Inglaterra. ler, sobre argumento de Robert netas. 20’. 2 9 ’. Thoeren, Hans Wilheim. Fotografía, 1 9 4 1 - A C h ild Went Forth (t.l. Un niño se Arthur Miller. Música, Lyn Murray. va). Director, Joseph Losey'. Libreto LARGOMETRAJES Con Van Heflin, Evelyn Keyes, John de Joseph Losey. Fotografía, John 1 9 4 8 - E l n iñ o de los cabellos verdes (T h e Maxwell, Katherine Warren, Emerson Ferno. Música, Hanns Eisler. Pro­ Boy with Green Hair). Director, Treacy. En USA. 91’. ducción, State Department. 28’. Joseph Losey. Libreto de Ben Barz- 1 9 5 0 -El maldito (M.). Director, Joseph 194 1 -Youth Gets a Break (t.l. La juventud man, Alfred Lewis Levitt sobre ar­ Losey. Libreto de Norman Reilly abre una brecha). Director, Joseph gumento de Betsy Beatón. Fotografía Raine, Leo Katcher. Fotografía, Er- Losey. Libreto de Joseph Losey. Fo­ (Technicolor), George Barnes. Músi­ nest Laszlo. Música, Michel Michelet. tografía, Willard Van Dyke, Ralph ca, Leigh Harline. Con Pat O’Brien, Con David Wayne, Howard da Silva, Stevens, John Ferno. 20'. Robert Ryan, Barbara Hale, Dean Luther Adler, Martin Gabel, Steve 1945-A Gun in his Hand (t.l. Un revólver Stockwell, Richard Lyon. En USA. Brodie, Raymond Burr. En USA. 88’. en su mano). Director, Joseph Losey. 8 2 ’ . 195 1 - La noche inolvidable (The Big Night). Libreto de Charles F. Royal sobre ar­ 1 9 4 9 - La ley de los hombres (The Lawless). Director, Joseph Losey. Libreto de gumento de Richard Landau. Foto­ Director, Joseph Losey. Libreto de Hugo Butler, Ring Lardner jr. sobre grafía, Jackson Rose. Música, Max Geoffrey Homes (Daniel Mainswar- la novela "Dreadful Summit’’ de T e rr. 2 1 ’. ing) sobre su novela “The Voice of Stanley Ellin. Fotografía, Hal Mohr. 1955 -A Man on the Beach (t.l. Un hombre Stephen Wilder” . Fotografía, Roy Música, Lyn Murray. Con John en la playa). Director, Joseph Losey. Hunt. Música, Mahlon Merrick. Con Barrymore Jr., Preston Foster, How- Libreto de Jimmy Sangster sobre el McDonald Carey, Gail Rxissell, John land Chamberlain. Howard St. John, 11 bre gente no demasiado común. En El men­ sajero del amor un niño es testigo de una re­ lación amorosa a escondidas de gente respe­ table con algún signo de homosexualidad como los que ya aparecían en los personajes de D irk Bogarde para El sirviente y para el jefe de una organización internacional en Modesty Blaise.
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