The Truth About the Pirates of Gothenburg
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Pirates of Gothenburg Anglo-Swedish Society 20191231 The Truth about the Pirates of Gothenburg Performed on 15th Nov 2019 by the Not Quite a Ceilidh players and written by John Chaplin. Once a year the Anglo-Swedish Society of Gothenburg performs a play celebrating some connection between Sweden and the UK. In 2019 we celebrated the 300th anniversary of the end of the Golden Age of Gothenburg piracy and the Anglo-Swedish events of 1719. What follows are some of the truths behind the fiction. The Plot: Elizabeth Norris and Mabel Carteret were on their way to join Elizabeth’s father Admiral Sir John Norris of the British Baltic fleet stationed in the Stockholm archipelago when they were captured and held hostage on the island of Marstrand by Vice Admiral Peder Tordenskjold (the Dano-Norwegian naval hero). Lord Carteret, the British Ambassador and Daniel DeFoe, arrive in Gothenburg on 26th Sept. 1719 to arrange for the ladies rescue. Carteret and DeFoe meet with Governor Posse and the pirate queen of Gothenburg, Ingela Gathenhielm to arrange for a rescure. DeFoe is invited to the Gothenburg Book Fair. Two out-of-work privateers, Thomas Chapman and Long-John Sahlgren and a Livonian Cornel, Georg Staël von Holstein, are recruited to make the rescue attempt. On their way to Marstrand the three men meet Elizabeth and Mabel who have made their own escape in a leaky row boat with the name of Brexit. Together all five row back to Gothenburg entertained by tales of pirate adventures. Blackbeard’s ghost appears on several occasions. They are followed by Tordenskjold who captures the New Naval Yard in Gothenburg and makes use of the new smugglers tunnel (Västlänk) to enter Gothenburg and the Governor’s Residence. Tordenskjold shoots Georg and steals a portrait of Elizabeth. Georg demands the return of the portrait and a duel is arranged for one year later when his wounds are healed. Tordenskjold tries to get Elizabeth to return to his paradise island full of Danish hygge but is confronted by Long-John who has now fallen in love with Elizabeth and she with him. Tordenskjold is forced to retire once again avoiding capture. The Cast: Sharon Abrahamson as Elizabeth, Catriona Chaplin as Mabel Carteret (and the parrot), Michael Bontà as Captain Chapman, Ron Jones as Long John Sahlgren, John Petersson as Georg Staël von Holstein, Gisela Barnard as Ingela Gathenhielm, Monica Edholm as Henrietta Posse, Jean Irving as Mark/Mark Read, Alan Taylor as Vice Admiral Tordenskjold, Birger Ekengren as Governor Nils Posse, Robert Cullen as Lord Carteret, John Chaplin as Daniel DeFoe (and Blackbeard’s ghost), with Keith Barnard as narrator and Robinson Crusoe. 1 Pirates of Gothenburg Anglo-Swedish Society 20191231 Lord Carteret, the British Ambassador comes to Gothenburg. Lord John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, arrived in Gothenburg as the British Ambassador to Sweden in late June 1719 and would therefore have had to negotiate the Dano-Norwegian blockade. He may have met Tordenskjold at this time. He was 29 years old and this was his first public office in foreign policy. It was no easy task, Sweden was in the final stages of the Great Nordic War and he had to convince the Swedish senate and Queen Eleonora to accept territorial losses in return for monetary aid and a renewed Anglo-Swedish alliance. He had been a Lord of the Bedchamber (assisting the King with dressing, waiting on him at table, etc) and was particularly favoured by George I, as he was one of very few nobles in England who would speak German. King George I of England, who had recently arrived from Hannover, could not speak any English and conversed only in German or Latin. Extracts from Lord Carteret’s letters during his time in Sweden are published in "Lord Carteret, a political biography, 1690-1763". (Lord Carteret is depicted in the 2011 film Pirates of the Caribbean) Don’t talk to me about a long way! (from Hasse och Tage-På jobbet) Carteret’s letters say that it took him two weeks to make the crossing from England and more than 7 days to travel from Gothenburg to Stockholm. (It probably takes 15 days to cross Sweden on horseback if you are not in a hurry). Leaving Gothenburg was also delayed because there were no horses available in Gothenburg due to the war. The Governor of Gothenburg, had to requisition horses from the countryside to help him. The Russians are coming! Lord Carteret reported that from Stockholm, it was possible to see light from the fires of burning villages in the archipelago, set alight by the Russians. A Swedish invasion of Inverness. King Charles XII planned to support the Highlander Jacobite rebellion of June 1719 to restore the ‘pretender’ James Stuart on the throne of Britain. An expeditionary force was to be disembark from Gothenburg but the King died before the landing at Inverness could take place. DeFoe wrote a pamphlet in 1717 entitled “What if the Swedes Should Come?” 2 Pirates of Gothenburg Anglo-Swedish Society 20191231 Nils Posse af Säby was the Governor (Landshövding) of Gothenburg and Bohuslän in 1719. He was a gifted speaker and writer. As head of the Värmland regiment he had taken part in Karl XII's Polish war, and he wrote a detailed diary of the regiment. He had previously been governor of Bauschenberg in Kurland and of Gotland. Henrietta Beata Posse (Horn af Marienborg) had her portrait painted by the Dutchman Johan Starbus in 1719. Repairs to the Residenset. In 1719 the Governor’s residence, was in need of repair. The city authorities refused to finance the work, so Nils Posse had to foot the bill himself. No doubt employing cheap labour (eg ex- pirates as we suggest in the play). Captain Thomas Chapman was a Yorkshireman who had served in the British Navy at the battle for Gibraltar (1704). After the 13 year war of the Spanish Succession ended in 1714 Chapman was one of a massive number of British sailors who were demobilised and facing unemployment at home. In 1714 he was in Stralsund (now German Baltic coast) where he met Charles XII who had smuggled himself back to Swedish territory following his 5 year exile in the Ottoman Empire. Chapman must have impressed the King because he was recruited to spy on the Russians in London and in 1715 he was made a captain of the Swedish navy and captained one of Lars Gathenhielm’s ships in Gothenburg as a Privateer. In 1719 the privateer licences were withdrawn and once again Chapman was unemployed. However, later that year (after the Danish attack) he was appointed Superintendent of the New Navel Yard. Chapmanstorg (Chapman’s Square) in Gothenburg is named in honour of Thomas’ son, Charles ‘Carl’ Chapman, who sailed six times to China as captain for the East India Company. His brother, Fredrik, was the first shipbuilder to take a scientific approach to shipbuilding. Fredrik was knighted in 1772 taking the title “af Chapman” (as in the ship in Stockholm) and became a Vice Admiral in 1791. 3 Pirates of Gothenburg Anglo-Swedish Society 20191231 Peter Wessel Tordenskjold – ’Nordens Største Søhelt’ In Denmark and Norway, Tordenskjold, is a legend and hero. He is the subject of books and films. He’s seen to be the descendent of the Viking spirit, or the cheeky little guy outsmarting his more powerful adversaries. The Danish city of Frederikshavn hosts an annual summer festival in his memory. Tordenskjold had been promoted to captain of a 20 gun frigate in 1712 at the age of 22 by King Frederik IV and relentlessly attacked the Swedish navy regardless of the odds and always evading capture. He was so successful that the Governor Mörner of Gothenburg put a price on his head. Tordenskjold responded by asking the Governor to send a frigate of 26 cannons for him as he wanted to be collected in style. He attempt to provoke the Governor several times, mocking the Swedes, accusing them of letting their privateers attack merchant ships instead of fighting real warships. His greatest success was at the battle of Dynekilen (1716) where he captured 30 Swedish ships and ended the Swedish invasion of Norway, for which he was made a Vice Admiral (aged 26). He is also famous for the Dano-Norwegian siege and capture of the island of Marstrand in July 1719 (see Tordenskjold’s soldiers below) and for planning the daring night-time raid on Nya Varvet, Gothenburg. It is said that he was never really happy unless he was engaged in a naval battle. When things were at their worst in storm or battle, he was wont to shout to his men, "Hi, now we are having a fine time!" and this battle-cry has passed into the Danish language. (The story of Tordenskjold’s last days was taken up in a Danish film ‘Tordenskiold & Kold’ (2016) English title: Satisfaction 1720). Tordenskjold’s soldiers, who never could be found. In order to encourage the commander of the fortress on Marstrand to surrender, he was invited to a 5 hour dinner during which Tordenskjol’s soldiers marched past wearing different hats to give the impression that there were considerably more Danish troops than there were. The ploy worked and the commander surrendered the fort. ‘Tordenskjold’s soldiers’ has become an idiom to mean seeing the same people popping up in different roles eg in politics, media and business. The commander was court-marshalled in Gothenburg and executed. 4 Pirates of Gothenburg Anglo-Swedish Society 20191231 Ingela Gathenhielm was the pirate queen of Gothenburg.