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Effect of Pyramid Schemes to the Economy of the Country - Case of Tanzania
International Journal of Humanities and Management Sciences (IJHMS) Volume 5, Issue 1 (2017) ISSN 2320–4044 (Online) Effect of pyramid schemes to the Economy of the Country - Case of Tanzania Theobald Francis Kipilimba come up with appropriate laws and mechanisms that will stop Abstract— Pyramid scheme, in their various forms, are not a those unscrupulous people praying on unsuspecting new thing in the world, however, they have reared their ugly individuals. Help supervisory institutions formulate menacing heads‘ in the Tanzanians society only recently. Before the appropriate policies that will require all investment plans to Development entrepreneurship Community Initiative (DECI) debacle be documented, filed and thoroughly scrutinized and come up other schemes such as Women Empowering, woman had already with the ways to recover assets of the culprits and use them to racked havoc in the society.This study intended to evaluate the extent compensate the victims of get rich quick schemes. to which Tanzanians knew about the pyramid schemes operating in the world, their participation in these schemes and their general feelings towards the scammers, our judicial system and the course II. BASIC VIEW OF PYRAMID SCHEME action they are likely to take in the event they are scammed. Results Pyramid scheme is a fraudulent moneymaking scheme in show that most Tanzanians are very naïve when it comes to pyramid which people are recruited to make payments to others above schemes, with very scant knowledge about these schemes. Many do them in a hierocracy while expecting to receive payments not know if they have participated in these schemes but in those instances that they had, they suffered huge financial losses. -
Scamming Grandma: Financial Fraud and the Impact on Households Samantha Nielsen
The Institute for Behavioral and Household Finance White Paper Series Scamming Grandma: Financial Fraud and the Impact on Households Samantha Nielsen Cornell University © 2019 All rights reserved. White Paper No. 7-2019 May 2019 The Institute for Behavioral and Household Finance Cornell University ꞏ The Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management ꞏ Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 ꞏ E-mail: [email protected] ꞏ http://ibhf.cornell.edu Institute of Behavioral and Household Finance – White Paper Series White Paper: 07-2019 Overview more by scammers, are more educated on where to file a complaint, are more interested in Many Americans have experienced or know of a combatting fraud, or a combination of these or person who has fallen victim to a financial scam, other factors. and as social media platforms, online databases, and internet services expand, reports of these Figure 1: Historical Household Financial Fraud Reports scams become more widespread. While word-of- 1,800,000 mouth stories and news vehicles raise awareness, 1,600,000 there is limited existing research analyzing the 1,400,000 financial impact of these scams on households. 1,200,000 1,000,000 Figure 1 illustrates the total number of annual 800,000 600,000 fraud reports in the United States. From 2007 to 400,000 2016, an increase of 157% was seen in the 200,000 number of reported financial scams. More 0 recently, in 2018, there were 1,427,563 fraud reports, which is up 25% from 2017. The amount Source: Consumer Sentinel Network, 2007-2016 of 2018 reports with a monetary loss increased 48% to 358,755 from the year prior, and the Figure 2: Fraud Reports by Age Group median monetary loss for all fraud reports was down $375 in 2018, 13% less than the year prior.1 140,000 120,000 100,000 When we look at fraud reports by age group, a 80,000 significant increase in frauds reported by older 60,000 40,000 age cohorts is identified. -
Motor Vehicle Insurance Fraud and Related Crimes
2017 Statewide Plan of Operation Detection, Prevention, Deterrence, and Reduction of Motor Vehicle Insurance Fraud and Related Crimes COPYRIGHT NOTICE Copyright 2017 by the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) This publication may be reproduced without the express written permission of DCJS provided that this copyright notice appears on all copies or segments of the publication. The 2017 edition is published on behalf of the New York State Motor Vehicle Theft and Insurance Fraud Prevention by the: New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services Office of Program Development and Funding Alfred E. Smith Office Building 80 South Swan Street Albany, New York 12210 Table of Contents The Statewide Plan of Operation for Motor Vehicle Insurance Fraud Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 Eligible Programs ................................................................................................. 1 Outline of Statewide Plan ..................................................................................... 1 Part I: Problem Identification of Motor Vehicle Insurance Fraud National Overview ................................................................................................ 3 Statewide Overview .............................................................................................. 3 Part II: Analysis of Motor Vehicle Insurance Fraud in New York State Statewide ............................................................................................................. -
Cellular Phone Cloning
Cellular Telephone Cloning Final Report Economic Crimes Policy Team United States Sentencing Commission January 25, 2000 Paula Biderman Anne Blanchard Tom Brown Paula Desio Jean Gabriel Greg Gilmore Christine Kitchens Linda Maxfield Rachel Pierce Mary Rushen Courtney Semisch Andy Purdy, Chair Executive Summary The Economic Crimes Policy Team was chartered to advance the Commission’s work in several areas, including the development of options for implementing the directives contained in the Wireless Telephone Protection Act (Pub. L. No. 105-172; April 24, 1998). Specifically, this act amended 18 U.S.C. § 1029 (Fraud and related activity in connection with access devices) with regard to the cloning of cellular telephones. The report details the background, analysis, findings and policy options identified by the team. Wireless Telephone Protection Act Because of increasing financial losses to the telecommunications industry and the growing use of cloned phones in connection with other criminal activity, Congress passed the Wireless Telephone Protection Act (WTPA) in April 1998. The legislative history indicates that, in amending 18 U.S.C. § 1029, Congress was attempting to address two primary concerns presented by law enforcement and the wireless telecommunications industry.1 First, law enforcement officials testified at congressional hearings that they were having difficulty proving the “intent to defraud” element of the pre-amendment provision regarding some equipment used to clone phones.2 Although there is no legitimate reason to possess the equipment unless an individual is employed in the telecommunications industry, the prosecution often could not prove that the equipment was possessed with the intent to defraud. Second, law enforcement officials often discovered cloning equipment and cloned cellular telephones in the course of investigating other criminal activities, such as drug trafficking and other fraud. -
North East Multi-Regional Training Instructors Library
North East Multi-Regional Training Instructors Library 355 Smoke Tree Business Park j North Aurora, IL 60542-1723 (630) 896-8860, x 108 j Fax (630) 896-4422 j WWW.NEMRT.COM j [email protected] The North East Multi-Regional Training Instructors Library In-Service Training Tape collection are available for loan to sworn law enforcement agencies in Illinois. Out-of-state law enforcement agencies may contact the Instructors Library about the possibility of arranging a loan. How to Borrow North East Multi-Regional Training In-Service Training Tapes How to Borrow Tapes: Call, write, or Fax NEMRT's librarian (that's Sarah Cole). Calling is probably the most effective way to contact her, because you can get immediate feedback on what tapes are available. In order to insure that borrowers are authorized through their law enforcement agency to borrow videos, please submit the initial lending request on agency letterhead (not a fax cover sheet or internal memo form). Also provide the name of the department’s training officer. If a requested tape is in the library at the time of the request, it will be sent to the borrower’s agency immediately. If the tape is not in, the borrower's name will be put on the tape's waiting list, and it will be sent as soon as possible. The due date--the date by which the tape must be back at NEMRT--is indicated on the loan receipt included with each loan. Since a lot of the tapes have long waiting lists, prompt return is appreciated not only by the Instructors' Library, but the other departments using the video collection. -
Insurance Fraud Is a Felony
1-800-927-4357 www.insurance.ca.gov Insurance Fraud Is a Felony Dave Jones, Insurance Commissioner California Department of Insurance STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE 300 S. Spring Street, South Tower Los Angeles, CA 90013 Dear California Consumer: Thank you for contacting the California Department of Insurance (CDI). As part of our effort to build the best consumer protection agency in the nation, we have created this guide to provide consumers the information and tools to deal effectively with agents, brokers, and insurance companies. We are committed to finding solutions and taking immediate action to help eliminate the many problems now occurring in homeowners, health, and workers’ compensation insurance, as well as consumer privacy protection. These important insurance issues speak to the very fabric of our social economic system and to the future strength of our society and economy in California. Please feel free to contact our Consumer Hotline at 800-927-HELP (4357) if you have further questions about this guide, or if you are experiencing a problem with an agent, broker, or insurance company. The Hotline is staffed by knowledgeable insurance professionals who are ready to assist you with your insurance needs. If you are interested in other insurance topics, CDI has a full range of insurance guides available on our website at www.insurance.ca.gov, or by calling our Consumer Hotline. Thank you for giving us the opportunity to serve you. 3 Table of Contents Fraud Division Overview ...................................................................5 What is Insurance Fraud. ....................................................................7 Insurance Fraud Costs Consumers .................................................9 Common Insurance Fraud Schemes ........................................... 10 Automobile Insurance Fraud........................................................ -
A Consumer Guide to Insurance Fraud
A CONSUMER GUIDE TO INSURANCE FRAUD A CONSUMER GUIDE TO INSURANCE FRAUD INSURANCE ADMINISTRATION A CONSUMER GUIDE TO INSURANCE FRAUD TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . 1 Insurance Fraud . 1 What Is Insurance Fraud? . 2 Consequences of Insurance Fraud . 4 Fraud Against Seniors . 5 Fraud Against Businesses . 6 Drug and Health Discount Programs . 8 Avoid Being A Victim . 9 Additional Tips To Protect Yourself Against Insurance Fraud . 10 What To Do If You Are Involved In An Auto Accident . 12 Report Insurance Fraud . 14 Maryland Insurance Administration • 800-492-6116 • www.insurance.maryland.gov A CONSUMER GUIDE TO INSURANCE FRAUD INTRODUCTION The Maryland Insurance Administration (MIA) is an independent state agency that regulates Maryland’s insurance marketplace and protects consumers by ensuring that insurers and insurance producers (agents and brokers) act in accordance with insurance laws . We produced this guide to help educate Maryland residents about insurance fraud . The Insurance Administration also is responsible for investigating and resolving complaints and questions concerning insurers that conduct business in Maryland . INSURANCE FRAUD Insurance fraud is one of the most costly white-collar crimes in America . Insurance fraud ends up increasing the amount everyone pays in insurance premiums to offset the cost of the fraud . By law, all applications for insurance and all claim forms must contain the following statement, or a substantially similar one: Any person who knowingly and willfully presents a false or fraudulent claim for payment of a loss or benefit or who knowingly and willfully presents false information in an application for insurance is guilty of a crime and may be subject to fines and confinement in prison . -
Sok: Fraud in Telephony Networks
SoK: Fraud in Telephony Networks Merve Sahin∗y, Aurelien´ Francillon∗, Payas Guptaz, Mustaque Ahamadx ∗Eurecom, Sophia Antipolis, France fmerve.sahin, [email protected] yMonaco Digital Security Agency zPindrop, Atlanta, USA [email protected] xGeorgia Institute of Technology, USA [email protected] Abstract—Telephone networks first appeared more than a future research, increase cooperation between researchers hundred years ago, long before transistors were invented. They, and industry and finally help in fighting such fraud. therefore, form the oldest large scale network that has grown Although, we focus on telephony fraud, our work has to touch over 7 billion people. Telephony is now merging broader implications. For example, a recent work shows many complex technologies and because numerous services how telephony fraud can negatively impact secure creation enabled by these technologies can be monetized, telephony of online accounts [1]. Also, online account takeovers by attracts a lot of fraud. In 2015, a telecom fraud association making a phone call to a call center agent have been reported study estimated that the loss of revenue due to global telecom in the past [2], [3]. Telephony is considered as a trusted fraud was worth 38 billion US dollars per year. Because of the medium, but it is not always. A better understanding of convergence of telephony with the Internet, fraud in telephony telephony vulnerabilities and fraud will therefore help us networks can also have a negative impact on security of online understand potential Internet attacks as well. services. However, there is little academic work on this topic, in part because of the complexity of such networks and their 1.1. -
Cyber-Insurance: Fraud, Waste Or Abuse?
#RSAC SESSION ID: STR-F03 Cyber-Insurance: Fraud, Waste or Abuse? David Nathans Director of Security SOCSoter, Inc. @Zourick #RSAC Cyber Insurance overview One Size Does Not Fit All 2 #RSAC Our Research Reviewed many major policies and some not so major… Spoke with Insurance agencies Spoke with Insurance agents Reviewed policies currently held by customers Got paid by insurance companies to perform Incident Response, forensics and breach analysis 3 #RSAC Types of Insurance Loss of digital assets Damage, alteration, corruption, distortion, theft, misuse, distortion (caused by damage or destruction, operational mistakes, computer crime such as malware, etc) ** NOT RANSOMWARE Non-physical business interruption interruption, degradation in service (caused by damage or destruction, operational mistakes, computer crime such as malware, etc) Cyber Extortion Threat Must get express written consent to pay from insurance company and contact authorities (FBI) all prior to paying any extortion money 4 #RSAC Types of Insurance Security Event Costs / Crisis Management Covers costs associated with resolving a breach, fines by government, regulatory or civil court. Other money for brand harm Network security and privacy Covers claims against you for acts, errors & omissions made by you and your contractors that results in a breach. (Not your breach, this is for a breach you caused somewhere else) 5 #RSAC Types of Insurance Employee Privacy Liability Covers damages to employees resulting in a breach Electronic Media Liability Covers plagiarism or copyright infringement on your website Cyber Terrorism Covers system outage due to terrorism (gov, political, ideological motivation) 6 #RSAC Types of Insurance Identity theft Covers the specific costs associated with notification of victims, credit monitoring, etc. -
Pattern Criminal Jury Instructions for the District Courts of the First Circuit)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF MAINE 2019 REVISIONS TO PATTERN CRIMINAL JURY INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE DISTRICT COURTS OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT DISTRICT OF MAINE INTERNET SITE EDITION Updated 6/24/19 by Chief District Judge Nancy Torresen PATTERN CRIMINAL JURY INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT Preface to 1998 Edition Citations to Other Pattern Instructions How to Use the Pattern Instructions Part 1—Preliminary Instructions 1.01 Duties of the Jury 1.02 Nature of Indictment; Presumption of Innocence 1.03 Previous Trial 1.04 Preliminary Statement of Elements of Crime 1.05 Evidence; Objections; Rulings; Bench Conferences 1.06 Credibility of Witnesses 1.07 Conduct of the Jury 1.08 Notetaking 1.09 Outline of the Trial Part 2—Instructions Concerning Certain Matters of Evidence 2.01 Stipulations 2.02 Judicial Notice 2.03 Impeachment by Prior Inconsistent Statement 2.04 Impeachment of Witness Testimony by Prior Conviction 2.05 Impeachment of Defendant's Testimony by Prior Conviction 2.06 Evidence of Defendant's Prior Similar Acts 2.07 Weighing the Testimony of an Expert Witness 2.08 Caution as to Cooperating Witness/Accomplice/Paid Informant 2.09 Use of Tapes and Transcripts 2.10 Flight After Accusation/Consciousness of Guilt 2.11 Statements by Defendant 2.12 Missing Witness 2.13 Spoliation 2.14 Witness (Not the Defendant) Who Takes the Fifth Amendment 2.15 Definition of “Knowingly” 2.16 “Willful Blindness” As a Way of Satisfying “Knowingly” 2.17 Definition of “Willfully” 2.18 Taking a View 2.19 Character Evidence 2.20 Testimony by Defendant -
Hang up on Cross-Border Phone Fraud
Hang Up on Cross-Border Phone Fraud It’s like clockwork. You sit down to dinner and the phone rings. You answer it. The caller is trying to sell you something or tell you that you’ve won a fabulous prize. In fact, you may have been targeted by fraudulent telemarketers calling across the border from “boiler rooms” in the U.S. and Canada... ross-border telemarketing C fraud is a serious problem — and it appears to be growing. U.S. and Cana- dian consumers lose billions of dollars a year to telemarketers who pitch bogus products, services and investments. The most common cross-border telemarketing frauds involve: ● phony prize promotions ● foreign lottery schemes ● advance-fee loan rip-offs ● travel offer scams ● unnecessary credit card loss “protection” It’s no wonder that con artists often target citizens of other countries. Some con artists believe they won’t get caught if they target citizens in another country. They assume that their own country’s law enforcement officials aren’t interested in building a case when the victims are in another country. They also believe that officials in the victims’ country won’t have the authority to investigate deceitful calls from outside their borders. But now partnerships among law enforce- ment agencies in the U.S. and Canada are making it tougher for cross-border scam artists to ply their deceitful trade. The organizations cooperate across borders — sharing information, investigators and other resources. All the partners gather consumer complaint information and contribute to the 1 legwork involved in building a case, in- cluding surveillance and interviewing victims. -
Tackling Health Insurance Fraud
SPECIAL FEATURE – CLAIMS Tackling health insurance fraud Mr Colin Weston of RGA looks at what is being done to combat the growing phenomenon of health insurance fraud, and whether more actions are needed. t is impossible to accurately quantify the cost of health Perpetrators and types of fraud insurance fraud but, with real and sustained growth It is known that professional criminals have targeted Iboth of premiums and number of lives covered, the health insurers, in some cases setting up complex frauds. problem is set to escalate. In the US, which spends more These include fraudsters in the UK who, having previously on health than any other country in the world (16.2% of gained access to patients’ insurance details by collaborating GDP in 2009, according to the World Health Organiza- with motorcycle couriers used to transport specimens and tion), it is estimated that between US$68 billion and $175 accounting information, continued to bill unsuspecting in- billion is lost annually to health fraud. surers for a number of years after the closure of a pathology The problem may not be on the same scale in the MENA laboratory. In India, fraudsters targeted a government-run region, but there is already evidence that it is a real concern. scheme for those living below the poverty line by colluding In January 2010, the Health Authority of Abu Dhabi (HAAD) with such residents in the state of Kanpur to submit claims took 39 patients, doctors and insurers to court for a variety for fictitious treatment. of offences, including charging for medical services that had However, the majority of fraud involves real patients who not been provided, making fraudulent claims and using are often unsuspecting bystanders, unaware that anything is fake insurance cards.