The Case of Tiga Dam in Kano State of Nigeria Jacob Padeino Voh Iowa State University
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Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1980 Resettlement adjustment patterns to rural development programs: the case of Tiga dam in Kano State of Nigeria Jacob Padeino Voh Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Voh, Jacob Padeino, "Resettlement adjustment patterns to rural development programs: the case of Tiga dam in Kano State of Nigeria " (1980). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 6772. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/6772 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 18 BEDFORD ROW, LONDON WCIR 4EJ, ENGLAND 8019674 VOH, JACOB PADEINO RESETTLEMENT ADJUSTMENT PATTERNS TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS: THE CASE OF TIGA DAM IN KANO STATE OF NIGERIA Iowa State University PH.D. 1980 University Microfilms In t6r nât i O nâ I 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor. MI 48106 18 Bedford Row. London WCIR 4EJ. England Resettlement adjustment patterns to rural development programs: The case of Tiga dam in Kano State of Nigeria by Jacob Padeino Voh A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department: Sociology and Anthropology Major: Rural Sociology Approved : Signature was redacted for privacy. In y^arge oE jor Work Signature was redacted for privacy. For t Major Depa ent Signature was redacted for privacy. For Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1980 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of the Problem 3 Objectives 6 Justification 10 CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 12 Introduction 12 Problems of Socioeconomic Adjustment of Rural People Displaced by Man-made Lakes 16 Perception of the New Environment and the Opportunities Created 21 Factors Affecting Displaced Persons' (Forced Migrants') Attitudes Toward Migration 23 Factors Affecting Acceptance (Apprehension) of New Residential Locations 26 Summary of Literature Review 26 Theoretical Framework 28 Operational Indices 33 Socioeconomic Status Variables 34 Knowledge of Project 38 Hypotheses 4 8 CHAPTER III. METHODS AND PROCEDURES 56 Methods of Data Collection 56 Sampling Procedures 56 Statistical Analysis 61 CHAPTER IV. FINDINGS 63 iii Objective 1. Problems of Socioeconomic Adjustment Objective 2. Perception of the Conditions and Opportunities Created by the Project Objective 3. Factors Affecting Perception of the Conditions and Opportunities Created by the Relocation Project Factors Affecting Acceptance (Apprehension) of New Residential Locations Factors Affecting Forced Migrants' (Displaced Persons') Attitudes Toward Relocation Project CHAPTER V. DISCUSSION, IMPLICATIONS, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Introduction Objective 1. Problems of Socioeconomic Adjustment of Rural People Displaced by a Man-made Lake Objective 2. Perception of the Conditions and Opportunities Created by the Project Objective 3. Factors Affecting Perception, Attitudes, and Acceptance (Apprehension) of New Communities Summary and Conclusions BIBLIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS APPENDIX. QUESTIONS UTILIZED FOR THE STUDY iv LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Wealth index 36 Table 2. Population distribution, number of house holds and facilities provided in the study villages 58 Table 3. Some selected basic sample characteristics 60 Table 4. Nature of land clearance problems 65 Table 5. How land clearance problems were solved 65 Table 5. Problems encountered in building new houses 67 Table 7. Individual (personal) problems facing the relocatees 67 Table 8. Greatest individual (personal) problems facing relocatees 69 Table 9. Duration of individual, (personal) problems facing relocatees 69 Table 10. Nature of the greatest individual (personal) problems 71 Table 11. Major problems facing the community as a whole 7l Table 12. Major farming problems facing the relocatees • 73 Table 13. Assistance needed by the relocatees from the government to increase farm yields 73 Table 14. Perceived economic advantages of the new site 75 Table 15. Perceived reasons for economic advantages of the new sites 76 Table 16. Perceived reasons for economic disadvan tages of the new sites 76 Table 17. Perception of relocatees' conditions in the new sites 78 V Page Table 18. Perceived profitability of farming in the new sites 79 Table 19. Perceived reasons for having less harvest 79 Table 20. Perceived opportunities for selling and trading in crops 80 Table 21. Perceived reasons for better opportunities for selling and trading in crops 80 Table 22. Perceived opportunities for schooling of children 81 Table 23. Perceived opportunity to continue prac ticing additional activity in the new sites 82 Table 24. Perceived performance of the relocation project 82 Table 25. A summary of empirical hypotheses about factors affecting perception of the condi tions and opportunities created by the project 84 Table 26. Matrix of zero-order relationships obtained using Goodman and Kruskal's (1954) measure for ordinal association, gamma (y) 85 Table 27. Summary of findings of factors affecting perception 90 Table 28. Matrix of zero-order coefficients for the statistical relationships between control variables and the study variables (y) 92 Table 29. Testing for the effects of community status on the variables significantly associated with perception 94 Table 30. Testing for the effects of marital status on the variables significantly associated with perception 95 Table 31. Analysis of the "reduced" model of factors affecting perception of the conditions and opportunities created by the project 96 vi Page Table 32. A summary of empirical hypotheses about factors affecting acceptance (apprehension) of new residential locations 98 Table 33. Summary of findings of factors affecting acceptance (apprehension) of new residen tial locations 100 Table 34. Testing for the effects of control vari ables on the variables significantly associated with acceptance (apprehension) of new residential locations lOl Table 35. Analysis of the effects of variables significantly related to acceptance (apprehension) of new residential locations by category 103 Table 35. An analysis of the "reduced" model of factors affecting acceptance (apprehen sion) of new residential locations 104 Table 37. A summary of empirical hypotheses about factors affecting attitudes toward relo cation project 105 Table 38. Matrix of zero-order relationships ob tained using Pearson correlation 106 Table 39. Summary of findings of factors affecting attitudes toward relocation project 110 Table 40. The overall F test of factors affecting attitudes toward relocation project 111 Table 41. Summary of regression on attitudes toward relocation on the independent variables in the model 112 vii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Model of factors affecting attitudes toward relocation project, perception of the con ditions and opportunities created by the project and acceptance (apprehension) of new place of residence 31 1 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION The past two decades has seen the initiation of a series of large river control projects in many parts of the Third ' World. Many of these projects have been defended as multi purpose water control, but most of them are conceived in re sponse to specific