SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING by SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING by APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, E.G
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Study and Characterization of EN AW 6181/6082-T6 and EN AC
metals Article Study and Characterization of EN AW 6181/6082-T6 and EN AC 42100-T6 Aluminum Alloy Welding of Structural Applications: Metal Inert Gas (MIG), Cold Metal Transfer (CMT), and Fiber Laser-MIG Hybrid Comparison Giovanna Cornacchia * and Silvia Cecchel DIMI, Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-030-371-5827; Fax: +39-030-370-2448 Received: 18 February 2020; Accepted: 26 March 2020; Published: 27 March 2020 Abstract: The present research investigates the effects of different welding techniques, namely traditional metal inert gas (MIG), cold metal transfer (CMT), and fiber laser-MIG hybrid, on the microstructural and mechanical properties of joints between extruded EN AW 6181/6082-T6 and cast EN AC 42100-T6 aluminum alloys. These types of weld are very interesting for junctions of Al-alloys parts in the transportation field to promote the lightweight of a large scale chassis. The weld joints were characterized through various metallurgical methods including optical microscopy and hardness measurements to assess their microstructure and to individuate the nature of the intermetallics, their morphology, and distribution. The results allowed for the evaluation of the discrepancies between the welding technologies (MIG, CMT, fiber laser) on different aluminum alloys that represent an exhaustive range of possible joints of a frame. For this reason, both simple bar samples and real junctions of a prototype frame of a sports car were studied and, compared where possible. The study demonstrated the higher quality of innovative CMT and fiber laser-MIG hybrid welding than traditional MIG and the comparison between casting and extrusion techniques provide some inputs for future developments in the automotive field. -
Guidelines for the Welded Fabrication of Nickel-Containing Stainless Steels for Corrosion Resistant Services
NiDl Nickel Development Institute Guidelines for the welded fabrication of nickel-containing stainless steels for corrosion resistant services A Nickel Development Institute Reference Book, Series No 11 007 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................ i PART I – For the welder ...................................................................................... 1 Physical properties of austenitic steels .......................................................... 2 Factors affecting corrosion resistance of stainless steel welds ....................... 2 Full penetration welds .............................................................................. 2 Seal welding crevices .............................................................................. 2 Embedded iron ........................................................................................ 2 Avoid surface oxides from welding ........................................................... 3 Other welding related defects ................................................................... 3 Welding qualifications ................................................................................... 3 Welder training ............................................................................................. 4 Preparation for welding ................................................................................. 4 Cutting and joint preparation ................................................................... -
An Analysis of the Metal Finds from the Ninth-Century Metalworking
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-2017 An Analysis of the Metal Finds from the Ninth-Century Metalworking Site at Bamburgh Castle in the Context of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metalworking in Middle- and Late-Saxon England Julie Polcrack Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Polcrack, Julie, "An Analysis of the Metal Finds from the Ninth-Century Metalworking Site at Bamburgh Castle in the Context of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metalworking in Middle- and Late-Saxon England" (2017). Master's Theses. 1510. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1510 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN ANALYSIS OF THE METAL FINDS FROM THE NINTH-CENTURY METALWORKING SITE AT BAMBURGH CASTLE IN THE CONTEXT OF FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS METALWORKING IN MIDDLE- AND LATE-SAXON ENGLAND by Julie Polcrack A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The Medieval Institute Western Michigan University August 2017 Thesis Committee: Jana Schulman, Ph.D., Chair Robert Berkhofer, Ph.D. Graeme Young, B.Sc. AN ANALYSIS OF THE METAL FINDS FROM THE NINTH-CENTURY METALWORKING SITE AT BAMBURGH CASTLE IN THE CONTEXT OF FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS METALWORKING IN MIDDLE- AND LATE-SAXON ENGLAND Julie Polcrack, M.A. -
Integrated Media Solutions Connecting Metalworking Buyers and Sellers PRINT ONLINE EMAIL EVENTS
MEDia GUIDE Integrated Media Solutions Connecting Metalworking Buyers and Sellers PRINT ONLINE EMAIL EVENTS mmsonline.com Integrated Media Solutions Connecting Metalworking Buyers and Sellers Profile of the Manufacturing Technology Buyer • Uses at least 5 media types to find work-related information • Looks for product or process solutions at least once a month • Values technology and service more than price • Is college educated and technically minded • Carries a laptop computer and smartphone • Is around 50 years old • Initiates contact with vendors 6915 Valley Avenue Cincinnati, OH 45244-3029 U.S.A. 513-527-8000 • 800-950-8020 Fax: 513-527-8801 mmsonline.com BUYING CYCLE Modern Machine Shop serves prospects at each stage of the buying cycle. Industrial Equipment Buying Cycle AWARENESS RESEARCH CONSIDERATION VENDOR SELECTION The market actively This market segment Prospects have Final comparison of consumes push media knows they have an immediate requirements, known alternatives. to learn about things interest in certain topics and are actively seeking they did not know. and technologies to act solutions. STAGES upon in the future. PUSH MEDIA is the PUSH MEDIA still With the prospect now in Brand impression is the best means to introduce dominates, but the control of the information largest influence in final new products and segment is more focused. gathering process, PULL purchasing decision. establish brand, which MEDIA becomes most is essential in the later Trade Magazines important. Brand is a primary Industry Websites stages of -
Arc Welding and Implanted Medical Devices
A Closer Look SUMMARY Arc Weldi ng and Implanted Medical Devices Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) is the disruption of normal operation of an electronic device when it is in the vicinity of Description an electromagnetic field created by another The electrical signals generated by arc welders may interfere with the proper electronic device. function of ICDs, S-ICDs, CRT-Ds, CRT-Ps or pacing systems. This Electric arc welding refers to a process that interference may have the potential to be interpreted by the device as uses a power supply to create an electric electrical noise or as electrical activity of the heart. Such interference may arc between two metals. result in temporary asynchronous pacing (loss of coordination between the This article describes the potential heart and the device), inhibition of pacing and/or shock therapy (therapy not interaction between the arc welder and delivered when required), or inappropriate tachyarrhythmia therapy (therapy Boston Scientific implantable pacemakers and defibrillators. It also provides delivered when not required). This article refers to Gas Metal Arc Welding— suggestions to minimize potential including Metal Inert Gas (MIG) and Metal Active Gas (MAG)—Manual Metal interactions. Arc (MMA),Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, and plasma cutting. For questions regarding inductive or spot welding, or welding using current Products Referenced All CRM ICDs, S-ICDs, CRT-Ds, greater than 160 amps, please contact Technical Services. CRT-Ps, and Pacing Systems Products referenced are unregistered or Potential EMI interactions registered trademarks of Boston Scientific Corporation or its affiliates. All other trademarks Electromagnetic interference (EMI) may occur when electromagnetic waves are the property of their respective owners. -
UAI Sheet Metal Fabrication
Precision in Sheet Metal Fabrication Your Single Strategic Source • Solutions Based Engineering Support • Serial Production Metal Fabrication • Automated Manufacturing • Certified eldingW • State of the Art Powder Paint Capabilities • Assembly & Validation Made in ISO 9001:2008 A Name Synonymous with Quality UAI has built a solid reputation as a preferred designer, manufacturer, powder coater, assembler and Tier One OEM supplier of certified metal tanks, trailers, skids and steel metal products crafted to stringent [ISO-9001:2008] quality standards. We are constantly finding new ways to go beyond fabrication, to become a true integrated business partner to our valued OEM customers. Our growing list of loyal customers, many of which are world class OEM Fortune 100 manufacturers across numerous industries, verifies UAI’s performance and commitment to 100% product quality, 100% on-time delivery and expert design support. Manufacturing Horsepower Welding Painting Our qualified engineers and • Laser Cutting • All welders are internally AWS • Twin large capacity 6 stage skilled craftsmen work • 6-Axis Plasma Cutting D1.1 & D1.3 certified. Other pre-treatment & wash within a 250,000+ square • 40’ Automatic Drill-Line AWS certifications as required with nano-ceramic sealer foot facility, utilizing ISO • Shearing • Internal Certified Welding • Automated dry off and cure 9001 certified processes • Forming Instructors • Internal paint capability and lean manufacturing • Punching • Lean 6 Sigma black & means complete control of principles to give customers • CNC Machining green belts on staff quality, lead-time and costs both the uncompromising • AWS Certified Welding • Flexible robotic welding • Paint options achieve from quality and the globally • Robotic Welding systems 1,000 hrs. -
Conventional Deep Drawing Vs Incremental Deep Drawing
MED, JNTUH August 2018 CONVENTIONAL DEEP DRAWING VS INCREMENTAL DEEP DRAWING A. Chennakesava Reddy Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering JNTUH College of Engineering, Hyderabad 1. Conventional Deep Drawing Process: Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process in which a sheet metal blank is radially drawn into a forming die by the mechanical action of a punch. It is thus a shape transformation process with material retention. The process is considered "deep" drawing when the depth of the drawn part exceeds its diameter. This is achieved by redrawing the part through a series of dies. The flange region (sheet metal in the die shoulder area) experiences a radial drawing stress and a tangential compressive stress due to the material retention property. These compressive stresses (hoop stresses) result in flange wrinkles (wrinkles of the first order). Wrinkles can be prevented by using a blank holder, the function of which is to facilitate controlled material flow into the die radius. Figure 1: Example of deep drawn part. Figure 2: Conventional deep drawing process. The total drawing load consists of the ideal forming load and an additional component to compensate for friction in the contacting areas of the flange region and bending forces as well as unbending forces at the die radius. The forming load is transferred from the punch radius through the drawn part wall into the deformation region (sheet metal flange). In the drawn part wall, which is in contact with the punch, the hoop strain is zero whereby the plane strain condition is reached. In reality, mostly the strain condition is only approximately plane. -
Virtual Manufacturing on the Web: Extrusion Die Design
VIRTUAL MANUFACTURING ON THE WEB: EXTRUSION DIE DESIGN A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ College of Engineering and Technology Ohio University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree Master of Science Sripada Shivananda August 1998 Acknowledgment I wish to express my sincere thanks to my advisor, Dr. Bhavin Mehta, for his valuable advice and providing me with the information and the facilities required for the thesis. I would also like to thank my wife for her constant encouragement and support during the completion of this thesis. Sripada Shivananda August 1998 Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ i List of Figures .............................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ......................................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................1 1.2 Internet ..................................................................................................................2 1.3 Virtual Manufacturing .........................................................................................2 1.4 Virtual Reality .......................................................................................................4 -
Under the Direction of Dr. Gracious Ngaile)
ABSTRACT LOWRIE, JAMES BALLANFONTE. Development of a Micro-Tube Hydroforming System. (Under the direction of Dr. Gracious Ngaile). The rising demand for small parts with complex shapes for micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) and medical applications has caused researchers to focus on metal forming as a possible way to mass produce miniature components. Studies into the miniaturization of macro-scale metal forming processes have mainly been focused in the sheet metal and extrusion fields and only a few researchers have attempted to take on the problem of miniaturizing the tube hydroforming process. The research that has been done into micro- tube hydroforming has been limited to simple expansion studies and no researchers have yet been able to combine axial feeding of the ends of the micro-tubular blank with simultaneous expansion of the tube. This has significantly reduced the complexity of the micro-parts which can be created using the tube hydroforming system. Combining material feed and expansion must be accomplished in order to create a micro-tube hydroforming process which is capable of producing metallic components with complex tubular geometries. The major objective of the research presented in this thesis is the development of a micro- tube hydroforming system which is capable supplying both axial feed and expansion to the tube simultaneously. This was accomplished by first breaking down the concepts of the conventional hydroforming tooling so that they could be analyzed for problems when being scaled down. Once the problems with the conventional tooling and the basic needs of the hydroforming system were established, the information was used to develop a new form a hydroforming tooling, called floating die tooling, which could apply both material feed and expansion to tubular blanks. -
Welding of Aluminum Alloys
4 Welding of Aluminum Alloys R.R. Ambriz and V. Mayagoitia Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIITEC-IPN, Cerrada de Cecati S/N Col. Sta. Catarina C.P. 02250, Azcapotzalco, DF, México 1. Introduction Welding processes are essential for the manufacture of a wide variety of products, such as: frames, pressure vessels, automotive components and any product which have to be produced by welding. However, welding operations are generally expensive, require a considerable investment of time and they have to establish the appropriate welding conditions, in order to obtain an appropriate performance of the welded joint. There are a lot of welding processes, which are employed as a function of the material, the geometric characteristics of the materials, the grade of sanity desired and the application type (manual, semi-automatic or automatic). The following describes some of the most widely used welding process for aluminum alloys. 1.1 Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) This is a welding process that melts and joins metals by means of heat. The heat is produced by an electric arc generated by the electrode and the materials. The stability of the arc is obtained by means of a distance between the electrode and the material, named stick welding. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the process. The electrode-holder is connected to one terminal of the power source by a welding cable. A second cable is connected to the other terminal, as is presented in Figure 1a. Depending on the connection, is possible to obtain a direct polarity (Direct Current Electrode Negative, DCEN) or reverse polarity (Direct Current Electrode Positive, DCEP). -
The Dynisco Extrusion Processors Handbook 2Nd Edition
The Dynisco Extrusion Processors Handbook 2nd edition Written by: John Goff and Tony Whelan Edited by: Don DeLaney Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following people for their contributions to this latest edition of the DYNISCO Extrusion Processors Handbook. First of all, we would like to thank John Goff and Tony Whelan who have contributed new material that has been included in this new addition of their original book. In addition, we would like to thank John Herrmann, Jim Reilly, and Joan DeCoste of the DYNISCO Companies and Christine Ronaghan and Gabor Nagy of Davis-Standard for their assistance in editing and publication. For the fig- ures included in this edition, we would like to acknowledge the contributions of Davis- Standard, Inc., Krupp Werner and Pfleiderer, Inc., The DYNISCO Companies, Dr. Harold Giles and Eileen Reilly. CONTENTS SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO EXTRUSION Single-Screw Extrusion . .1 Twin-Screw Extrusion . .3 Extrusion Processes . .6 Safety . .11 SECTION 2: MATERIALS AND THEIR FLOW PROPERTIES Polymers and Plastics . .15 Thermoplastic Materials . .19 Viscosity and Viscosity Terms . .25 Flow Properties Measurement . .28 Elastic Effects in Polymer Melts . .30 Die Swell . .30 Melt Fracture . .32 Sharkskin . .34 Frozen-In Orientation . .35 Draw Down . .36 SECTION 3: TESTING Testing and Standards . .37 Material Inspection . .40 Density and Dimensions . .42 Tensile Strength . .44 Flexural Properties . .46 Impact Strength . .47 Hardness and Softness . .48 Thermal Properties . .49 Flammability Testing . .57 Melt Flow Rate . .59 Melt Viscosity . .62 Measurement of Elastic Effects . .64 Chemical Resistance . .66 Electrical Properties . .66 Optical Properties . .68 Material Identification . .70 SECTION 4: THE SCREW AND BARREL SYSTEM Materials Handling . -
What Are the Best Ways to Restore Surfaces of Machine Parts?
What are the best ways to restore surfaces of machine parts? There are several, each with its advantages and its limitations Richard L. Nailen, PE., EA Engineering Editor S ANY MACHINIST KNOWS, cutting metal off a workpiece can be a great deal easier than putting it back on. Unfortunately, corrosion, wear, or overstress A can require restoration of a damaged area to original dimensions by adding a layer of new material. A bearing chamber I.D., bracket fit, or shaft journal can be brought back to original dimensions and acceptable surface finish (and sometimes even improved) by several methods. Which method is best? That depends. ... One of those methods is welding. It's readily useable either on a job site or in the service shop. Welding is easily localised; work is confined to the surface involved. Several welding processes are possible. One of the greatest advantages is that successive weld beads can quickly build up considerable thickness; an eighth or even a quarter inch is easily obtainable. Adhesion of the added material to the base metal is excellent. A properly applied weld is at least as strong as the substrate. On the other hand, the variety of metals that can be deposited is quite limited. A greater drawback is the amount of heat developed. With many parts, such as steel shafting, the almost unavoidable result is warpage. Not only is finish machining always needed to clean up a welded shaft journal or bearing fit surface to its final dimension, it may be needed elsewhere on the part to restore Figure 1.