Bristol Society of Model and Experimental Engineers

The Bristol Model Engineer

The Newsletter No 113 Summer 2016. Incorporating “Our Cog”, the BSMEE Technical Journal www.bristolmodelengineers.co.uk

Editorial From the Richard Lunn Chair Norman Rogers

The days are stretching as we head towards summer and as with every year before I sud- denly realise how much of what I had intend- ed doing during the winter months remains undone. Judging by the excellent exhibits at the recent ‘On the Table’ evening I must be in a minority and those familiar school report words ‘could do better’ are ringing in my ears. From the write up elsewhere in this edition Firstly, many thanks to all those who have given me feedback re- you can appreciate the diversity of topics that were presented. garding the last newsletter. Any comments will always be wel- In recent months we have lost three friends from within the Society come and will, hopefully, help me to improve the newsletter. with (Scotch) Frank Gribben, Owen North and David Harding all Thanks to the contributors this time and for any whose articles moving on the great workshop in the sky. have been held for the next edition. Scotch Frank had been the reporter from Begbrook for many years I would also like to thank those members who have volunteered to and Begbrook attendees will remember him busily writing away occasionally compile the reports on the Begbrook meetings for me. even through the darkness of a screen presentation with the aid of a I thought if a few of us take it in turns then it won’t be too onerous small torch. Frank was equally at home at Ashton where he would a task. turn his hand to whatever needed doing on a Friday with carpentry Talking of Begbrook, I think the meetings hosted by our own club being an obvious favourite. Then on public running days he could members have been very successful and well worth attending. I often be seen keeping drivers and trains in order from the signal hope the informal “Show and Chat” evening on 6th July will be box. equally successful. Unfortunately, I won’t be there myself as I am Owen came to the Society in more recent years and volunteered to away that week. be our programme secretary at the 2013 AGM and produced a rich Some further information on club meetings from David Gray and varied programme of speakers including himself on the subject which I didn’t have room for on the page 15; of car restoration. Owen’s particular interest was in model rail- For details of times and location go to BSMEE’s website at ways but that didn’t stop him enjoying the bigger stuff as well! www.bristolmodelengineers.co.uk, click on CLUB, and select Many would regard David as a mainstream model engineer; some- CLUB MEETINGS from the dropdown list. one who always had something on the go in his workshop, a regu- For latest changes to the programme go to BSMEE’s website at lar at the Begbrook meetings and running his engine at Ashton, www.bristolmodelengineers.co.uk, click on CLUB, and select often along with his family. It was evident from speaking with EVENTS from the dropdown list. Alternatively contact David daughter Gillian that the club meant an awful lot to David, a senti- Gray. ment that I’m sure many can identify with. The Begbrook meeting for 1st June has been confirmed as “The Their passing is a reminder that sooner or later we will all have to history of the Beachley to Aust ferry” given by Tim Ryan includ- leave our workshops and models behind or because of failing ing footage of the working ferry and the rescue from Ireland of the health have to sell them on. Of course it may well be that there is Severn Princess with an update on the status of it’s restoration. someone who will want to keep your models, the workshop and its contents but otherwise what do you do? From personal experience With the Thornbury Exhibition looming I needed to get to print at I know how helpful my mother’s notes were to me when it came to the right time to include the Exhibition Newsletter, for which I am clearing her house so I’ve copied her example by creating a list of also responsible, in the same delivery. This has meant me having models and machinery along with realistic values. It’s also worth to chase the inputs for both publications but we got there in the indicating possible disposal routes be they specialist dealers, inter- end, thanks to all concerned. net outlets, advertising in the model engineering press or club The club entry and stewarding rota forms for the exhibition are sales. Anything that helps friends and family find a good home for also included so please return them as soon as possible to make it the things we once held dear can only be a good thing to do. easier for the committee to finalise the exhibition preparations. Planning for the exhibition is now in full flow and the Exhibition I also wanted to get this edition to you in time to publicise the Newsletter is included with this edition of The Bristol Model Engi- naming ceremony for our new workshop at Ashton. It will be neer. As always there are lots of roles to be performed to make the named after Geoff Sheppard and the unveiling, which will be at- exhibition a success so please offer models for display and please volunteer to help during the exhibition. One theme this year is the tended by members of Geoff’s family, takes place during the Club th Day on Sunday 19th June. It would be nice to see a good turn out 175 anniversary of the GWR, another is an emphasis on Model from club members to show our respect and gratitude to Geoff for Making so hopefully many of the club and other stands will be his many years of service to the club. more than a static display. Even if you can only help for one day that will be well appreciated by Steve and the exhibition team. Finally, please continue sending me further articles for the maga- A new initiative is the Online Notice Board that is e-mailed to zine. My contact details are in the club address list, my email is those who have provided their e-mail address. The hope here is to [email protected] phone 0117 9679644 or 07432 710040. get messages and information instantly to as many in the Society as is possible, so that we all know what is happening and feel a A final thought; If at first you don’t succeed, sky diving is proba- little more connected. For the few members that don’t received the bly not for you. (Derek take note!) Online Notice Board emails we may have an error in your email address or perhaps we don’t have an email address at all. In either instance please contact me at [email protected] so that your address can be corrected or added to the circulation list. It’s been Here is what can reported by one or two recipients that they only get the ‘Dear All’ happen if you at the start of the message, the rest is blank. If anyone else has re- don’t take your ceived similarly blank emails then please let me know so that it boiler testing can be investigated. seriously! As always if you can help run the railway on a public running Sun- day that would be great and don’t forget the other track and club events that are in the diary for society members to enjoy.

Continued in column 4 2

Railway Manager’s Secretary’s Thoughts David Giles Report Derek Todman

We are now well into the new public running season, with the usu- There has only been one Committee Meeting since the last News- al mix of fairly indifferent weather. However, it has only been on letter which covered quite a few topics and I will summarise the the most recent Bank Holiday Monday (02 May) that the duty main conclusions. manager had to call a halt due to the rain and cold. Let’s hope the gods smile on us more favourably for the rest of the season. The Committee has agreed that there will be a separate key for the workshop. If you need a key, then see Phil Bridgway, the Work- The introduction of the signing – in book has been received with shop Manager. The primary reason for this is purely and simply very little adverse comment, and now comes as second nature to that we want to make sure that only members who can use the ma- most of us. There has been a very interesting spin – off which was chines have a key and the Society minimises the risk of members not originally envisaged. This has been that we can interpolate not familiar with the machines or their use injuring themselves. some basic statistics to show that on average some 30 members (Secretary’s note – if this course of action causes any problems regularly attend the Friday maintenance day, that quite often there please notify a member of the Committee so the problem can be are members on site on Tuesdays and Wednesdays and that ap- addressed and resolved.) proximately 30 members attend on running days, either as drivers, helpers, or both. The subject of a President has been debated again at length and for the moment has been left in abeyance as the need for a President The “steam up” day on 20 March was very well supported, with and characteristics of a President were not clear at this time. the boiler testers kept busy throughout the day. We now have over (Secretary’s view - no doubt this issue will be discussed again be- 60 ‘in ticket’ but unfortunately only a small propor- fore the AGM) tion of these appear at the railway, particularly on public running days. Thank goodness for our “switch on and go” electric and The handbook is now on the Website and is planned to be updated petrol-electric workhorses and their enthusiastic drivers! by the AGM, the Committee has been actioned to provide com- ments but any member of the Society is encouraged to comment Our first ‘Club Day’ of the season was well attended, a friendly (to the Secretary please). and sociable day as usual, with 2 members securing their driving tickets. There has been a good uptake of the updated Code of As you are all aware now, the Workshop is planned to be named in Practice, the Signalling Handbook and the Drivers Training Hand- honour of our member and President, Geoff Sheppard on the 19th book, with some 65 copies of each requested and received by inter- June at 2pm. You are welcome to attend, preparations were dis- ested members. The club days offer a good opportunity to im- cussed and the plans for the afternoon are in place. prove driving skills, learn other activities like signalling (we are desperately short of signalmen due to the ravages of time and be- The Society is going to get a new modern projector compatible reavement), learn how to operate the traverser correctly and enjoy with Windows 10 and screen for Begbrook. good conversation away from the rigours of public running.

The 3.5” Gauge rally was unfortunately cancelled at relatively The Society’s 28xx was agreed to be sold. (Secretary’s short notice, due to unforeseen circumstances. Maybe we could Note, the invitation for bids has been circulated using the On-Line find a date in the 2017 calendar and try again next year? BSMEE Notice Board).

We have a very full calendar for this year, including some im- The remaining items were of an administrative nature portant events which I would like to highlight: Finally can I remind you all that if you intend to run at another The public running day on 12th June will be a “Steam Special Society Track you may well be asked to prove you are insured. Day” so come on you steam locomotive drivers, let’s make it a day The relevant certificate is available from me, your hard working to remember (waiting in the sidings in case of problems will be Secretary, at no extra cost. ‘Thomas Telford’ and ‘Michigan’ – let’s hope they can remain on standby throughout the day!). As this day coincides with the Continued from column 2 Queen’s official birthday, there will be snacks laid on in the club hut for drivers and helpers. Finally we are approaching mid-summer and the Ashton Court evening. It’s therefore timely to remind folks that they should by As noted elsewhere, on 19th June there is the Geoff Sheppard now have completed their Trebuchet siege engine and have moved workshop naming ceremony, which coincides with a Club Day. into the testing phase. See you there! I’m sure this will also be a day to remember, so combine some relaxed running, talking shop, and meeting the Sheppard clan, with Norman Rogers. the naming of the workshop to celebrate a stalwart of our society. A buffet will be provided, so please let our esteemed Chairman (I don’t know if you are familiar with the saying; “I hope my wife know if you intend to be there, so that the catering crew have some doesn’t sell my stuff for what I told her I paid for it!” Ed) idea of numbers.

We will have the usual visit from ‘Cludo Club’ on 28th July so please register your interest with Roger Sykes. As we all know, it’s a noisy roller-coaster ride for a couple of hours, but very re- warding for all concerned. Sign up early before you get press- ganged! 3

Finishing that dome - by Alan Hooper Some things I would do differ- Some time ago I fly turned the two domes for my Shay (3½”) to ently though. fit onto the boiler shell. Turning the upright part of them resulted in the familiar shape shown in photo 1. A second pin has already been This leaves a large amount of mentioned, the spring was prob- Photo 1 brass to be removed, and ac- ably too strong, hand turning the cording to all the books I have spindle was hard work. read, it should be removed by filing to leave a fine flange. Finally, I should have used a Well, I did start doing this but 12mm diameter cutter as the soon decided that this is a lot drawing shows the radius to be of wasted energy and in- 6mm! creased the possibility of scor- ing the existing turned parts. Now, I’ve got machinery that Photo 6, the finished dome. can do a lot of turning, either in the lathe or on the mill, surely there must be a way of —————————————————————————— doing it! Christmas left me with some time to ponder things, while appearing to be with the family. BEGBROOK REPORT by John Whale What was needed was to use the bottom of the flare to act as a former/cam, as this was already turned to the correct profile. By A1 Trust – Hugh Parker and Graham Langer rotating the flange while being kept in contact with a pin, it could be machined with a round nosed cutter held in the lathe spindle Wednesday 17th February 2016 while the bottom of the dome went in and out on the pin.

Right then, I would need a Bernard North introduced our guest speakers after the Members Photo 2 central spindle to which the observed a minute’s silence in respect to Frank Gribben who had bottom of the dome could be very sadly passed away the previous Sunday. held securely. Place this Hugh Parker, a Royal Engineer, owns an 0-6-0 Jinty and is in- through a bearing (angle plate) volved with running the Tornado. Graham Langer owns a model with a spring to hold it in con- engineering company and looks after the A1 website and publicity. tact with a pin in the front face The subject of the talk was “Building Britain’s most powerful of the plate and put a big han- steam Loco, “Prince of Wales”, the P2 Steam Loco Company”. dle on the end to hand turn it. The aims of the trust are to build an improved P2 Gresley Loco. Photos 2 & 3. All were rebuilt as Pacifics in 1943/44 and built to pull heavy ex- press trains over the Perth to Inverness route. The team behind the Initially this was to be set par- project built the Tornado and many of the parts are common. Tor- Photo 3 allel to the lathe centre-line nado is now operating successfully and is almost debt free. mounted on the cross slide, The first P2 No. 2000 “Cock O’ the North” was built in 1934 for but my machinery is small, LNER and used Kylchap exhaust. Six P2s were built in total, No. (toy) according to some, so 2001 used Lentz poppet valve gear and was used for promotional ended up being at right angles. films. No. 2002 “Earl of Marischal” used Walscharts valve gear. The spring was made from Both were rebuilt as streamliners in 1936/37. All six engines were 1.5mm diameter piano wire, rebuilt by Thompson as 4-6-2 engines. wound by hand on the lathe Creating No. 2007; with no particular engineering This will look like “Cock O’ the North” and the design will utilise input. Everything was set up many parts used on Tornado and will have to be capable of run- ning on the main line. Most drawings are available and are being Photo 4 and checked that it would work without fouling any- converted to 3D CAD. thing. The first trial under Progress to date; power using a 10mm diameter Construction started in 2014. James May was shown on film round nosed cutter showed screwcutting the thread on the smokebox dart. Lentz/Franklin that with only one support pin valve gear has been chosen after also considering Walscharts and it all turned slightly eccentric. British Capproti. The Franklin development of Lentz valve gear A second adjustable pin was has been successfully used in the USA. Investigations are taking inserted under the flange op- place to reduce crank axle failure. Five P2’s had crank axle fail- posite the first one in the face ures; a modified design is being developed with increased axle plate, to balance out the forc- diameters. There are also plans to make the three cylinders from es. one big casting. The boiler will most likely be fabricated as Torna- Photo 5 do, the problems with the foundation ring being overcome and the Photos 4 & 5 show the pro- stays modified. The frames were rolled in April 2014 at the Tata gress being made by advanc- works in Scunthorpe. Ben Godfrey, Nigel Gresley’s grandson, has ing 0.1mm per complete hand worked on this engine. It is expected to take seven years and £5 turn of the spindle. million to complete. So, there it is. Photo 6 shows It is being built in Darlington, the rear frames being formed using the finished result, though it heat, a fork lift truck and a jig. Polystyrene patterns will be used still needs polishing. I’m for the frame castings which are now well advanced. The original P2s were two inches wider than Tornado, 2007 will amazed that it worked since I be the same width as Tornado. had not seen it explained in The wheels have all been machined, the tyres delivered and roller any books or magazines, but have been subsequently told that bearings ordered. Quotes have been requested for the axles and something similar has appeared before, but a long time ago. 4 axle boxes. A film was shown of the wheel casting at William When programmed you can simulate the cutter path using Mach3 Cook’s works using wooden patterns. software to check if it looks as expected. The same 118A boiler as Tornado will be used but this is 17 inch- Using a small machine it pays to remove the bulk of mate- es shorter than the P2. The reduced length will be hidden by the rial in the lathe manually as the mill can only take small cuts. You smokebox. The engine will run at 250 psi using the same super- can rough out with wide spaced cuts on the CNC mill, say 30 to heater. rough it out and then 300 cuts to finish. Only one number in the Frame stretchers, footplating and the smokebox door have been programme needs to change to vary the number of cuts. made at the South Devon Railway. To machine a concave shape a flat bottom cutter can only be used The first bronze casting, the drag box, has been made and fitted. to rough out, to finish a ball nose cutter will be needed. It is quick- The new Loco will need air brakes, the air pumps will be fitted to er to use a flat bottom cutter first for roughing out. Two variables modified stretchers. The electrical system will be as Tornado and in the programme relating to cutter ball nose radius and cutter will have a steam turbine generator with AWS/TPWS etc. A com- diameter are required. By varying these values the position of the puterised ERTMS system will be fitted from new and it will have cutter can be changed to suit each cutter without having to re- Head Marker Lamps. write program. The cab is already made and the smokebox material is at Darling- ton. The aim is to have a rolling chassis by Autumn 2016. Jon also works at Williton on the West Somerset Railway where There are ideas for an improved facility, with a rail connection, at they have a Harrison 500 CNC lathe which also uses G code. Darlington. Other Locos were considered, such as the V3 and V4. 1,300 screw cut boiler stays were required and Jon made them on Of the £5 million funding, £4 million has been raised by the the CNC lathe. They could be made much faster than manually A1Trust itself. The Founders Club raised £360k, sponsorship with 400 rpm possible on this machine for screw cutting. The pro- £150k, boiler club £600k, and £1m by £10 per month donations. gramme will alternately cut each side of thread form up to the More sponsors and volunteers are needed and a P2 book will be required depth which gives a better finish and increased cutting available soon. The website is www.p2steam.com. speed. Transport costs were more than the cost of the machine but The A1 Trust would like to obtain copies of any film of “Cock O’ unfortunately it stopped working after a while. Manual machines the North” that anyone has. can be up to 100 years old and still work acceptably but with CNC A 5 inch gauge version of a P2 “Wolf of Badenoch” has won IM- machines if the electronics fail the machine can be difficult to LEC twice. repair. CNC machines also need to be in better condition due to An excellent presentation. backlash elimination etc. The CNC controller was found to be at fault even though it was —————————————————————————— obviously not the original one fitted when the machine was new. It is thought that a £200 board will bring the machine back to work- BEGBROOK REPORT by Richard Lunn ing order. Jon decided to build a 5” gauge electric Loco from scratch which he designed using 2D CAD. Computers and CNC in the home workshop – He looked at industrial suppliers for a motor and eventually used Jon Freeman four brushless motors from RS components rated at 105 watts at a cost of £90 each. Wednesday 2nd March 2016 The frames were made using the CNC mill but Jon had to machine one end at a time as they didn’t fit on the machine. The dimen- sions of the loco were constrained by the size of the car used to Norman Rogers introduced Jon Freeman and his wife who are transport it. A touch screen and a small £10 computer were used members of both BSMEE and Taunton MES. to control the loco with a sound chip for horn. The body shell is Jon is building a 5” gauge Springbok and the first thing he did was little more than a canopy to keep the rain off. The Loco runs very to reproduce the drawings using 2D CAD taking the opportunity successfully and Jon is now looking at a 7 ¼” gauge version. to correct errors and incorporate some design improvements. The brushless motors used are 3 phase synchronous 4 pole motors, not DC. They use a controller to energise the coils in sequence to Jon has a KX3 CNC milling machine connected to a PC using create a rotating magnetic field. They are smaller than the equiva- Mach3 software. It is only a small machine with 3/8” being the lent brushed motor due to heat dissipation requirements. A max size for this machine. Larger holes have to be cut by brushed motor has heat in the armature and needs to be bigger to profiling with a milling cutter. get the heat out as the windings are on the inside. The coils are on G code is used to programme the CNC machine, instructing the the outside of a brushless motor and hence it is easier to dissipate bed to move in straight lines or a combination of straight lines to heat. form curves. Jon explained that G Code is an old language which is easy to learn and use. Work in progress – Jon is building a CNC lathe from scratch, Jon first made a test piece using the CNC machine which was a once again using a brushless motor of 320v run on an inverter at motion bracket for the Springbok. This is a simple flat profiled 400Hz, rated at 1.8kW. This should give high torque at low revs. plate with a few holes. The process and order of ma- Jon is using a Linux programme rather than Mach3 for this ma- chining has to be decided to enable programming. He first pro- chine. grammed the holes and then machined the inside profile and final- ly the outside profile. —————————————————————————— Machining flat plates was very easy with CNC, essentially 2D machining, but this is not the best use of the machine with the Show and Chat - Begbrook 6th July advent of etc. Hosted by Andy Harding Jon then wrote a programme to machine the return cranks with a square rather than a round hole to improve alignment. The tool A different type of “on the table” evening. Bring along your items radius is included in the programme to machine a component. The of interest, bits you have made or parts you may want advice programme could be amended by changing the cutter radius to a about. minus size which was then used to machine the matching male component. Set them out on the table you sit at and then wander around infor- Jon created a spreadsheet for determining cutter positions to ma- mally discussing all the things on show with other club members. chine curves of various radii in stages. He says you only need to think of the formula once and let the spreadsheet fill in the chart This could be a good opportunity for any members who don’t for different sizes. This chart can then be used to assist in pro- wish to stand up and talk about their projects to show us what they gramming the CNC machine. This was used to machine the bot- have been making. tom of the chimney skirt to match the smoke box. 5

I mounted a spigot on the mill (fig 7) which was a snug fit in the wheel building (Part two) hub bore and then used an R8 arbor (concentric this time) to zero the digital readout for the x and y axis of the machine. Using the By Richard Lunn digital read out I put seven equi-spaced centre drill holes around the hub (fig 8) at a known radius which would be used later to po- sition the hub to machine the slots. For the “Model Engineer” the method used to machine or fabricate the parts we need for our projects is dependant on our own facili- ties and capabilities. In the first part of this article (Our Cog, Win- 7 8 ter 2015) I described how I machined the wheel hubs for my 4” Foster Traction Engine when I only had a lathe at my disposal. By the time I came to make the hubs for my 6” Burrell I had a Bridgeport Milling Machine in my workshop which made life much simpler. It was still not all plain sailing as having the ma- chine is only half the battle, appropriate tooling is also a necessity and, as you will see, I still had to improvise as my rotary table was not big enough for all the machining operations required. Figs 9 and 10 show the hub cover plate being drilled and fitted, the Facing and boring the hubs was a straight- holes positioned simply from the digital readout. Luckily my digi- forward exercise which was carried out tal readout has the luxury of having an inbuilt computer which can partly in the lathe and partly in the mill, automatically provide the positions of a radial set of holes rather fig 1 shows a rear hub in the lathe. than have to work out the individual co-ordinates. The next stage is to machine the slots for the spokes and attach the cover plates. I started with the front hubs which I 9 10 1 mounted on the rotary table and machined the slots as in fig 2. Locating the slots was easily achieved by rotat- 2 ing the table to the desired angle for each slot. One point worth mentioning, as a warning to others, is that I pur- chased an R8 blank arbor which I To machine the slots, I simply had to rotate the hub on the spigot used to centralise the rotary table and pick up on each of the previously drilled centre drilled holes in as shown in figs 3 and 4. turn to achieve the correct radial positioning. I felt that Fig 11 shows the hub with 4 slots machined and the centre drill something th 3 4 being used to position the hub radially for the 5 slot to be added. wasn’t The slots in the left rear hub, which is oval shaped with a minor quite right diameter of 6 ¾” and a major diameter of 9 ½”, was machined and found using the same method, fig 12 that the plain end of the ar- 11 12 bor was not concentric with the R8 holder. Luckily I noticed this before I starting machining. It reminded me of a car clutch aligning tool which I bought several years ago and found that it was not concentric, rendering it totally useless, and making the gear box impossible to fit until this error had been discovered. Whilst on the rotary table I also drilled the holes to mount the cov- er plates. Having located a cover plate, I drilled through the cover plate and into the hub using a tapping size drill and then opened up Once the hubs had been machined the next operation was to build and countersunk the holes in the cover plate. The holes in the hub up the wheels. I won’t describe this in too much detail as it is a could then be threaded and the cover plate attached. This method similar exercise to that described in part one. ensures that the finished parts will fit together. I used the bed of the Bridgeport to build the wheels. The hub was Fig 5 shows a drilling jig being mounted on a spigot with a suitable spacer for the offset from the created for the spoke attachment rim and, as in the previous article, a bar the length of the wheel 5 holes, this jig would later be used radius was used to centralise the wheel rim as shown in fig 13. to put the corresponding holes in the spokes. Fig 6 shows a row of spokes and the cover plate fitted 13 14 to a front hub. Being relatively small and round (4 ½” diameter) the front hubs did not raise any particular problems so I don’t think I need to go into any more detail on these. 6 I then moved onto the rear hubs. On the Burrell the right hand rear Bending and fitting the spokes was then completed as described in hub is circular and the left rear the previous article. The rear spokes are 5/16” thick by 1 1/8” wide hub is oval shaped to accommo- but were easily formed using the oxy-acetylene. date the drive pins. The next problem I encountered was that once the spokes had been I started with the right hub as, fitted to the rear wheel it was actually too heavy for me to lift off being round, I thought it would be the locating spigot. I then needed to invest in even more workshop the easier of the two. equipment in the form of an engine crane, see fig 14. This hub being 8 3/8” diameter was, however, too big to fit on my Fig 15 shows the left hand back wheel with all the spokes fitted . rotary table and so I had to find another method for positioning the The spoke to rim holes were drilled using a jig as described in the slots for the spokes. previous article, see fig 16. 6

BEGBROOK REPORT by Bob Gates 15 16 Brunel’s Other Bridge by Geoff Wallis Wednesday 6th April 2016

In addition to Brunel’s iconic suspension bridge, there is another bridge by the famous engineer in Bristol. The second bridge is a swing bridge over the lock system between the floating harbour The steel rivets to attach the spokes to the rims are 5/16” diameter and Avon. The bridge was built in 1849 and then moved in 1872 and would be rather difficult to form manually using a hammer and when a new lock was built to accommodate bigger ships, slightly dolly. I took the wheels to Models in Derby where the to the North of the Brunel lock. Originally, the bridge was swung proprietor, Andrew, allowed me to use their spin riveter. by hand using a windlass. However, a hydraulic system was added This made light work of the riveting but the back wheels were still in 1901. The bridge was decommissioned in 1968 when the new rather heavy to manipulate on the machine. plimsoll bridge was built, carrying the A370 over the harbour en- Figure 17 shows the spin riveter in use and fig 18 the front wheels trance. completed. The bridge pivots about an off-centre pintle with cast iron counter- weights on the short side. The sides of the bridge are in the form of I beams with the upper ‘flange’ comprising a tube and the lower 17 18 ‘flange’ a triangular plate fabrication. The two sides are connected by wrought iron ties, on which sits the decking. The tubular upper ‘flange’ is internally braced by rods, pre-stressed during construc- tion. All the fabrications are riveted together from wrought iron plates. There is a mystery as to how the rivets were supported from the inside of the tube during fabrication.

The bridge has been unused since 1968. There had been a scheme Some purists may say that the form of the spun rivet isn’t exactly to turn the bridge into a cycle track in 2008. However, this scheme correct, as there is a small flat on the top, but I am quite happy with failed as there was too much uncertainty associated with the work them. The action of the spin riveter is that the dolly revolves necessary to bring the bridge back into working condition. The around the rivet at a slight angle (it looks like it is wobbling), hy- new restoration scheme started in 2013 with the initial objective of draulic pressure is then applied to the dolly which basically spreads conserving the existing structure and undertaking a feasibility the rivet head out. A small amount of cleaning up with a chisel or study for future restoration. file may be required if the machine spreads the head slightly too much. This can sometimes happen if the rivet is a bit too long. The pintle was one of the initial areas of investigation. This was A strange quirk from Burrell is that an oiler was fitted to the right generally in poor condition although three of the four wheels sup- hand rear hub but the hub was bolted onto the hub carrier and did porting the bridge were found to be in fair condition. The wheel not actually rotate relative to it. bearings were of an unusual double conical arrangement showing The final decision to be made is whether to fit metal strakes or rub- Brunel’s ingenious although not always practical design. Some ber tyres. Whilst strakes look authentic on an agricultural engine repairs were done to the pintle area. they are a lot of hard work and will shake your fillings out on a hard surface. I have chosen rubber tyres and used two different The ground condition was of concern as it was made-up and may methods for fitting them. not be stable in the future. However, the survey showed no settle- On the Foster I fitted them myself using rubber handrail from an ment. It is believed that concrete was used when the bridge was escalator which was of a suitable profile. The rubber is cut to moved, providing a stable support. around an inch and a half less than the circumference of the wheel, the ends cleaned up and joined using superglue. The wheel rim is The bridge beams were surveyed for repairs and detailed CAD then coated in mastic sealant and the tyre stretched over the rim. drawings produced. A trial repair was made with a patch, butt There are two rubber tyres per back wheel producing a groove in welded in to the exact shape of the repair hole. An earlier welded the middle. I was amazed that the joint stayed together but the tyres repair had been done to the tubular section, after a ship hit the were all fitted and have never given a problem. As I was undecided bridge although this also damaged some of the internal bracing. It at the start I had already fitted metal tyre bands to the front wheels is not clear how this will be corrected. of the Foster and ran with metal on the front and rubber on the back for several years. The hydraulic swinging mechanism has been surveyed and the For the Burrell I decided to have the rubber tyres commercially rams found to be corroded and scored. A gas supply system was fitted. I used B. H. Leake and Sons of Birmingham for the job. also found to help prevent the hydraulic system freezing in winter. They wrap the wheel with thin rubber strip until the required rub- The original system cannot be reused and new proposals had been ber thickness is achieved. They then put the wheel in an autoclave sought to conceal a hydraulic swinging mechanism within the ex- and vulcanise the rubber onto the wheel, whereupon the thin strips isting structure. become one solid mass. The rubber fitted is actually wider than the wheel and they then put the wheel in a lathe and turn the edges of A novel dry-ice blasting technique had been tried to remove scale. the wheel and profile the rubber. For the back wheels the central The advantage of this technique is that it leaves no residue unlike a groove is actually machined into the rubber so that the rubber re- sand system. However, the disadvantage was that it was very slow tains its full width against the rim for maximum adhesion. I had the and will therefore, not be pursued further. front wheels of the Foster rubbered at the same time which has transformed the ride of the engine, it is now much quieter and For the future, the initial objective is to raise awareness of the smoother to drive. The only downside of this process is that putting bridge as it adds a further Brunel artefact with tourist potential for the wheels in the autoclave takes off any paint and leaves the wheel Bristol. The bridge would also offer a more practical way of cross- with a nice coating of surface rust. B. H. Leake and Sons also offer ing the docks for cyclists and pedestrians than would the plimsoll a sand blast and prime service which I took up on the Foster bridge, which requires the use of a spiral staircase. Apart from fur- wheels as I needed to get them back on the engine quickly for the ther conservation and developing designs, the main task was fund Chipping Sodbury Victorian Evening. Being now faced with clean- raising to support a future lottery bid for restoration to a working ing up the Burrell wheels I wish I had paid the extra and had them swing bridge. primed at the same time. Further details can be found at www.brunelsotherbridge.org.uk. 7

ASHTON STEAM UP DAY

The annual Steam Up Day, otherwise known as Boiler Testing Day took place on 20th March in fairly cold but dry conditions. Plenty of club members took advantage of the day and brought their engines for test. Whilst most went away happy a few were left with “opportunities for improvement”. Here, and on the front cover, are a selection of photographs from the day. Thanks go to the boiler testers, helpers and tea makers. A lovely day for members to mix and help each other.

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Improvements to the Winson 14xx - part 3 BEGBROOK REPORT by Richard Lunn By John Whale On the table night The draughting arrangement on the engine was very poor, the only th way to keep the fire going was to use the blower which worked Wednesday 6 April 2016 very well, but turn the blower off and the fire went out. I used as much as I could from the original blast pipe. First make The evening was hosted by Steve Birch who introduced the speak- the blast pipe bridge from a piece of brass 0.89” wide x 0.5” thick, ers who displayed an amazing variety of models of different types see Fig 4. Machine it to length and drill 0.22” to depth shown and and sizes. Our chairman, Norman, has told me that he received tap the hole 1/4” x 40 tpi. Next drill the four holes 0.12”. several favourable comments regarding this enlightening evening. Unscrew the existing blast pipe from just below the nozzle and cut it off at 7 degrees, then silver solder in the position shown. After Dr Mark Phillips showed a 5” gauge wagon. 45 years ago Mark cleaning, drill 0.315” through into the cross hole. Turn the bung bought a Mamod steam roller for his son and has now made a from brass bar and screw in using a thread sealer such as PTFE wagon to carry the roller. He has 3D printed the axle boxes and tape. other parts, the springs being particularly successful. To make the two blast pipe uprights take the existing ones and re- ferring to Fig 4 cut off at 1.22” and then turn the flange to the di- Andy Booth brought along a model hot air balloon basket. He mensions shown with a hole to suit the cut off upright and silver is trying to make a model balloon small enough to be able to fly in solder in position. If you prefer these parts can be turned from a exhibition halls etc. It uses a disposable gas canister which lasts solid brass bar. for 22 minutes. He has to work out the weight of the balloon com- Next make the nozzle reducer from a piece of 0.33” dia brass bar, ponents and then work out the balloon size required to lift it. The turn the 0.234” dia then drill 0.125” and with the top slide at a shal- maximum temperature is 80 degrees C. Shaun the sheep was the low angle use a small boring bar make a tapered hole Check the pilot. 0.16” dimension using a 0.16” drill pushed in 0.39”. When this is achieved check the 0.18” dia, if this is close it will be fine, finally David Ward is building a Gauge 1 tank engine from a Bar- part off to length. rett’s Steam model kit. No lathe work or soldering is required and Turn the bung from 0.31” dia brass bar, turn down to 0.25” dia and it is supplied with a certified boiler. Several assembly problems using a 1/4” x 40 TPI die in a diestock, place the die against the job have been found with the kit requiring small and fiddly fitting. and bring the tailstock up to the diestock to hold it square. Turn the David has wrapped the boiler with paracetamol box cardboard chuck slowly by hand to start cutting the thread and gently move which he says is appropriate as building the kit has been a real the tailstock to keep the thread square until it is complete. Part off headache! to length and put a screwdriver slot in the end with a hacksaw. The steam pipe flange on my engine was so narrow that steam es- Norman Rogers had parts from a Claude Hamilton loco of the caped before reaching the cylinders. To cure this I made a com- Great Eastern Railway in 5” gauge, built to the Martin Evans de- plete new flange but an easier way is to silver solder on a new sign. GER had a bad reputation for not running on time and it is flange face made from 1/16” thick brass as in Fig 5. If the flange said that when a youth was found travelling on a junior ticket he on your engine is 3/8” wide or more this will not be required. said that it had been valid when he started the journey. Norman The petticoat pipe can either be turned from the solid, preferably showed the cylinder block, con rods and parts of the motion gear. brass, or it can be made from copper tube and the end flared as shown in Fig 5. To make from copper tube bore the chimney to suit Bob Lilley demonstrated his first clock, he told us that clocks and then turn a wooden former and bore a hole in it 1.12” dia and strike, otherwise they are timepieces. It was to a late 17th century using a file make a flare at the end of the hole. With the former in Joshua Taylor design fitted in a nice wooden case. We were told the vice heat the copper tube to red hot and anneal by plunging it in that clocks are not made to specific design dimensions, each part cold water. The tube will now be soft enough to place in the former being made to fit the other parts. Bob described the mechanisms and, using a ball peen hammer, tap the tube into the flared end of used to control the strike which ensure that it makes the correct the former until the flare is to drawing Fig 5. If the copper starts to number of strikes at exactly the right time. get hard and difficult to work anneal again and continue. To make the petticoat pipe from the solid, hold a piece of round bar Richard Lunn brought some more heavy parts from his half 1.65” dia, preferably brass, in the 3 jaw chuck and bore out to scale Burrell traction engine. The fore carriage was machined us- 0.95” dia and turn the outside to 1.12” dia x 0.8” long. ing a flycutter made from an old land rover brake disc. He also Reverse in the chuck and bore the flare as shown in Fig 5 using the showed parts of the motion assembly, slide bars, crossheads and top slide set at approx. 45 degrees and finish using a file. the motion bracket. Make the fixing brackets from 0.16” thick brass or copper, as shown, and silver solder in position. Note, these can be made from Bob Gates had the Tender for a kit built Winson 5” gauge Jubi- brass angle and bolted in place using countersunk screws with the lee. Bob needed to make some design changes to make it more heads on the inside. realistic and better engineered with aesthetic improvements. He To fix the petticoat pipe in position, carefully file the hole in the removed exposed bolts and fitted countersinks. The Winson design smokebox to suit. Drill a 1/8” hole in the front bracket positioned would not be waterproof and he used body filler and motorcycle from the smokebox and secure in position with a 6 BA hex head petrol tank sealer to make it serviceable. Bob has spent 150 hours screw, then fit the chimney and drill through 0.086” into the brack- making improvements which he has found satisfying. et from the back of the chimney flange. Remove the chimney and tap 6 BA in the bracket, open out the Alan Hooper showed us the 3 1/2” gauge Shay dome which he hole in the chimney to 1/8” and fix the petticoat pipe and chimney started 15 years ago and abandoned as he didn’t want to file the in position. upper shape. Last Christmas Alan made a tool to fit on the lathe to Make gaskets for the steam pipe and the blast pipe upright flanges machine the dome shape which is the subject of a separate article then place the smokebox saddle in position and fix the steam pipe on page 4. in place, not forgetting the gasket. Now screw in the blast pipe uprights and position the blast pipe Mike Goom has been experimenting with different types of bridge as shown in Fig 5 and mark through the four 0.12” holes plastic for . One will work up to 90 degrees C with into the uprights. An easy way of locating the bridge is to place improved strength over previous plastics. Mike’s daughter’s solar round pegs in the uprights and locate using the 0.22” holes. heated swimming pool has 8 manually controlled water circulating Remove the bridge and uprights and drill 0.086” and tap 6 BA as valves. Mike has made retrofittable electric motor controls for the shown, then screw the uprights back in and fix the bridge in place valves using 3D printing which can be linked to a computer con- with 6 BA hex head screws making sure the gasket is in place. All trol system to regulate the flow of the water through the solar heat that remains is to fit the blast nozzle and reducer as in Fig 5. exchanger. 11

Derek Todman is still making lots of scrap in the pursuit of his Fowler A3 in 3” scale. The gears were cut on his mill at home which all ran nicely after a bit of fettling. Assembly is continuing and it is starting to look like a traction engine. For boring square holes, he made some broaches with each step around 2 thou. These were made to put square holes in the hand wheels. He also made 2BA coach bolts to fit oak running boards. The gear cover was made from an old metal cupboard and Derek showed us the wood- en former that he used.

Chris Castleman hopes to have the cylinders of his 3 1/2” 9F loco fitted to the chassis by August. He did not confirm which Au- gust! The loco is a combination of LBSC design, full-size drawings and scaling from the full size loco, making the engine more realis- tic than the original LBSC design.

Rebecca Strong had some O gauge refurbished pre war tin plate carriages. Rebecca finds things at swap meets etc. but they ————————————————————————— are invariably broken. She takes them apart and has amassed a col- lection of spare parts which enable the carriages to be rebuilt. Ma- Phil Bridgway describes some delicate machining. zak material was often used for wheels and was not very good and often needs repair. Rebecca pays particular attention to the roofs of I have been trying recently to complete a clock I started some time the carriages as people mainly view them from above. She anneals ago for which I cut all the wheels but never crossed them out so the tabs on the tin plate parts with a hair dryer to make them easier the first job was to do this when I started work again. All went to bend. well until I came to the escape wheel which was completed and then in the process of moving the cutter out of the way I damaged Steve Smith joined BSMEE on inheriting an Alchin traction one of the teeth and produced scrap. (Our previous Chairman’s engine. He showed a Tailstock holder for a milling machine which influence, maybe, Ed) Somewhat down hearted I retired indoors to he designed using 3D modelling. It includes a graduated dial to think about it. It was a careless accident and eventually I reasoned adjust travel which was engraved using his CNC mill. Everyone it was not so bad since some model traction builders produce scrap agreed that it was a lovely piece of tool making. by design (Not Derek, surely?), so back to the bench.

Following are some photos from an excellent evening. All my wheels have been cut on a wheel cutting engine which I made some years ago and now I am not sure why I made it except tool making interests me and it seem a good idea at the time. I needed a new escape wheel so out it came and the pictures are there to see. It is grossly over built of cast iron and steel and there are a lot of holes in the dividing plate all drilled by hand, none of your CNC stuff. Two correctly size brass blanks were loaded in the spindle with aluminium blanks either side (to contain burrs which are not easy to remove) a homemade cutter in the machine spindle, index set and the wheel cut. Now I had to cross it out on the miller and then success was mine. A little go with a file and some polishing, job almost done. Picture of the clock to follow sometime in the future.

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MEMORIES ARE MADE OF THIS a nostalgic view from Bernard North

The Bristol Society of Model Engineers at the London Model Engineer Exhibition December 1973 Taken from Model Engineer 5th April 1974 (Vol 140 Issue 3486)

Some well-known faces from the past who were part of the team that staged the Bristol SMEE stand at the Model Engineer Exhibition held at the Seymour Hall, London in December 1973. Richard Beel – traction engine and GWR enthusiast. At one-time club librarian and committee member. Also had a wealth of good stories to tell. Wilf Round – one-time secretary of the club going back into the 1960’s. Jack Colyer of cutter grinder fame. Tim Marshall - a younger version!! Francis Scrace – son of Harold Scrace Rev David Marshall, father of Tim and grandfather of David Marshall. Gerald May – one-time treasurer and I think Vice Chairman John Rae – Secretary and administrator during the building of Ashton Court Railway. Derek Edwards – Treasurer at the time of building Ashton Court Railway. Bernard North – Railway Manager at the time. Geoff Sheppard – well known to all of us. There are a few others that I cannot make out. Also I can’t recall the person to the right of the picture next to Richard Beel. Maybe some- one else can identify the missing gaps. There are also quite a few missing from the photo that were part of the team. (Bernard also supplied a photocopy of the “Model Engineer” report on the BSMEE stand which will be included in a future newsletter) ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————— The Begbrook Auction took place on the evening of March 17th. It was ably hosted by out tame Auctioneer Alan Hooper who managed to get some good prices for some quality items and also managed to offload some dubious lots to unsuspecting new owners. (I was very pleased with my “new “ workshop vacuum cleaner which cost me £1—Ed)

Here are a couple of general photos from the evening.

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SQUARE BOILERS by Trevor Chambers

We now take it for granted that the shape of a steam boiler or other pressure vessel will be based on the cylinder and/or sphere with flat portions being strengthened by stays. Howev- er, this hasn’t always been the case, one example came to my notice recently. Formal colonisation of what is now South Australia began in 1836 with the arrival of the HMS Buffalo carrying 176 colo- nists, including Captain John Hindmarsh, who was to become the first Governor. It had already been established that along the banks of the Murray River there was prime agricultural land which was quickly developed. Poor transport links were a major impediment which was overcome using the river it- self. A port was established near the coast at Goolwa and by the 1850’s there was a demand for riverboats to quickly and ———————————————————————— cheaply move large stocks of grain, wool and other products. Paddle steamers were the natural choice since the depth of the A word of caution from David Ward river changed drastically. In 1853 PS Mary Ann was launched by William Randell and over the next 25 years some 240 Storing liquids safely. boats were operating on the river until the railways took over. The most remarkable thing about building the Mary Ann is Recently when I went into my garage/workshop I heard a strange that William Randell had no experience in boat building and noise. I thought, why is the dehumidifier making that fizzing had never before even seen a steamer, but he had a dream. noise? Late in 1852, the Mary Ann was launched and the engine fit- I went to investigate. ted. It was a 7 to 8 HP beam engine with 10 inch cylinders I was in the correct area of the garage but blaming the wrong and was made by Claus Gehikin, a German engineer at Hind- item. The fizzing noise was coming from a wet patch on the con- marsh SA. The boiler, the only surviving relic of the Mary crete floor under one corner of the trolley on which my brazing Ann, was oblong in shape and made by a local blacksmith. hearth is mounted. On the bottom shelf of this trolley I had a 2.5 This caused a great deal of comment. Some say that he made litre plastic paint pot containing pickle and another one contain- it that way because no suitable iron for a round one was avail- ing water, both with their lids on. They have been there for dec- able. Others put forward the less likely story that the black- ades, very convenient, dip and dunk after every job (but only after smith didn't know how to make a cylindrical one. the job has cooled down). Inevitably, upon first steaming the boiler distorted in such a I guessed the acid pickle was leaking out of it’s container. I dangerous manner that it had to be reinforced with chains and opened the pot and found most of it had gone. Then I opened the wedges to avoid it blowing apart. Despite the reinforcements, water pot and found it was empty! William and his brother Elliot had little faith in the success of Given the length of time the acid has been stored in this pot I their repairs. When they got up steam even Elliot Randell, could not believe it has suddenly eaten it’s way through the plas- who was acting as engineer, went and lay down in the bush tic. Then there was the question of where has all the water gone? some distance away, afraid that the boiler would blow up. The Then it dawned on me, these paint pots have been put to this use boiler simply swelled in defiance of the bolts, chains and for decades and many plastics degrade over time. wedges. Some who saw it described it as 'breathing' and for So, if you too have liquids that are not stored in their original many many years it was referred to as the concertina boiler. containers , I recommend that you check that the current contain- The deficiencies of the Mary Ann and its oblong boiler were ers really are suitable. soon realised and it was scrapped in 1854. The hull was re- used as one half of the twin hulled Gemini but the boiler was (Even the original plastic containers may degrade over time and simply ditched in the river. may need checking from time to time - Ed) Nearly 50 years later, when ————————————————————————— the historical importance of the abandoned boiler was first realised, it was dragged 2016 MEMBERSHIP RENEWALS. from the river by the engi- neer, James Scott. The first Several members have not yet paid their fees for this year. photo shows William Ran- They became due at the AGM and should have been paid by 3rd dell, then in his eighties, May so ARE NOW OVERDUE. with the salvaged boiler from the Mary Ann. Please let me have them before the end of May if you wish to The other photos show the remain a member of the Society. boiler now on show at Man- ner SA, the use of chains and wedges to reinforce it and Wil- You can make payments by posting a cheque, by bank transfer or liam Randell looking at the boiler. by cash/cheque at Begbrook club night.

Bank transfers are to Account No. 20254894, Sort Code 60-83-01, and Account Name BSMEE Subs.

Roger Jay Membership Secretary

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Bristol Society of Model and Experimental Engineers (BSMEE) 2016 Begbrook Events

Date Speaker /event Details 01 June 2016 Tim Ryan The history of the Beachley to Aust ferry. Footage of the working ferry and the rescue of the Severn Princess and restoration status.

15 June 2016 Ashton Court Ashton Workshop demos (weather proof), not Begbrook. Valve gear setup demo (weather proof?), Duty manager Model Air Balloon Demo, Chairman's Challenge. Rebecca Strong Steaming Bay Open, Bring your Locos 06 July 2016 Show and Chat Informal On-the-Table. Bring your stuff, chat to anyone who is interested MC: Andy Har- and look around at other people’s stuff ding 20 July 2016 Mike Stimson Small engines evening

03 August 2016 Spare 17 August 2016 No Meeting Setting up the Exhibition 07 September 2016 On the table Show us what you've been up to. Your last chance before the committee MC: David Giles decide on next year's prizes 21 September 2016 Auction - MC: Bring back what you bought at our last auction Alan Hooper 05 October 2016 Pete Evans Last of Industrial Steam - Industrial steam locomotives 1964-74 at collier- ies, quarries, steel works etc., from Falmouth to Aberdeen. 19 October 2016 Richard Lunn Steam Road Vehicle evening

02 November 2016 Spare 16 November 2016 Spare 07 December 2016 Ladies Night Women adventuring off the beaten track. Jacki’s travels to some of the most Jacki Hill-Murphy inhospitable places on earth, re-creating journeys of daring women adven- turers since 1769. 21 December 2016 Members Night Bring your stick, disc, model, etc. It's your night Ashton Events

The memorial plaque for Geoff Sheppard will be unveiled on Sunday 19 June 2016, which is a Club Day. Club Days

June 19th: July 17th: September 18th: October 2nd

Public running days

June 12th, 26th: July 10th, 24th: August 7th, 28th, 29th: September 11th, 25th: October 9th, 16th: Santa Special Dec 4th

Membership Matters: Updates to the Membership list

NEW MEMBERS. We welcome the following new members. Keith Barnes, Wilhelmina, 68 Bramley Close, Wellington, Somerset, TA21 9AF. Tel 01823 661696 or 07939 729334 Email [email protected] Andy Booth, 23 Hampstead Road, Brislington, Bristol, BS4 3HL. Tel 07768 526260 Email [email protected] John Beddis, 71 Bradley Avenue, Winterbourne, Bristol, BS36 1HX. Tel 01454 886506 Email [email protected] Please contact the Membership Secretary for further details of the following new members. Nathan Talbot and family. Iain and Daniel Hughes DELETIONS FROM MEMBERSHIP. Frank Gribben, Owen North and David Harding have sadly passed away. David Kendall, John Butler and Michelle Pitcher have chosen not to renew their membership. CHANGES OF CONTACT DETAIL. Simon Rolfe is now at Kinlea, Pyworthy, Holsworthy, Devon, EX22 6SP. Tel 01409 259446 Mike Ackerman has a new email address [email protected] David Ward (our Southville member) has a new phone number, 0117 9661113 email [email protected] Please contact the Membership Secretary for further details of the following changes. Neil Dare, Tony Kavanagh and Bert Roberts have new email addresses. David Ridout has a new address and telephone number. Craig Howarth has an incorrect address on your Membership List.

Ashton Snapshots

Pegasus wheels being re-profiled in the Ashton workshop. Mike Kingston-Lee sensibly keeping his fingers out Photo Alan Hooper. of things that bite. Photo Rebecca Strong.

Bert Roberts, Norman Rogers and John Foley checking the length of a carriage by comparing it to their height. Photo Rebecca Strong. Phil Faulkner trying to decide which side of the fence he is on. Photo Rebecca Strong

Some brazing activities in the workshop. It looks like a cow catcher. Photo Alan Hooper

Bob Lilley wondering where everyone has gone. Photo Rebecca Strong, at least she didn’t desert you Bob. The Bristol Society of Model and Experimental Engineers Registered Charity No 1094274 and Company No 2893778 Registered Office 33 Bibury Avenue, Stoke Lodge, Bristol BS34 6DF Printed by: Horders Thornbury Press , 22 High Street, Thornbury, Bristol BS35 2AH