304 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS S/8769. Letter of 23 from . S/8780. Note verbale of 26 August 1968 from S/8770. Letter of 23 August 1968 from Zambia. Jamaica. S/8772. "Call to Citizens of Czechoslovak Socialist S/8784. Letter of 27 August 1968 from Ecuador. Republic" from Bulgaria, German Democratic Re- S/8785. Letter of 27 August 1968 from Czechoslo- public, Hungary, Poland and USSR, circulated as vakia. document of Security Council in accordance with S/8790. Note verbale of 28 August 1968 from Haiti. request made by USSR on 24 August 1968, meeting S/8798. Letter of 30 August 1968 from Indonesia, 1445. S/8800. Letter of 3 from Panama. S/8803. Letter of 6 September 1968 from Ecuador. OTHER DOCUMENTS S/8812. Letter of 7 September 1968 from Costa Rica. S/8777. Letter of 26 August 1968 from Chile.

CHAPTER XII THE SITUATION IN

During 1968, the Secretary-General submitted measure, the communication added, was three reports to the Security Council on the deemed necessary to restrain the activities of United Nations operation in Cyprus. Acting on the unlawful administration, which were cal- the Secretary-General's recommendations and culated to undermine the unity of the State. noting the consent of the Cyprus Government, On 5 , the representative of the Council on each occasion unanimously de- , in a letter to the Secretary-General, cided to extend the stationing of the United noted with satisfaction the lifting of unlawful Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFI- restrictions, but considered that the new restric- CYP)—for a period of three months in March tions on the free movement of certain members 1968, and for further periods of six months in of the Turkish Cypriot community had added June and December. a breach of law and equity and were in flagrant Lieutenant-Général I. A. E. Martola con- contradiction with the Secretary-General's ap- tinued to command the United Nations Peace- peal of 3 and the Security keeping Force in Cyprus in 1968, and Bibiano Council's resolution of 22 December 1967. F. Osorio-Tafall of Mexico continued as the In a communication to the Secretary-General Secretary-General's Special Representative in dated 8 January 1968, the representative of Cyprus throughout the year. Turkey stated that the establishment of the "Provisional Cyprus-Turkish administration" COMMUNICATIONS PRIOR brought no practical change to the de facto TO 18 situation on the island. Further, these measures On 5 January 1968, the representative of could cause no increased tension since they Cyprus informed the Secretary-General of a dealt- exclusively with the administration of series of pacification measures announced by Turkish areas of Cyprus and were purely pro- his Government to promote the purposes of the Security Council's resolution of 22 December 1 1967 (244(1967)). In view, however, of what l By resolution 244(1967) the Security Council, inter was termed the unlawful establishment of the alia, urged "the parties concerned to undertake a new 2 determined effort to achieve the objectives of the "Provisional Cyprus-Turkish administration," Security Council with a view, as requested in the the communication stated that the pacification Council's consensus of 24/25 , to keep- measures were not to be extended to the Turk- ing the peace and arriving at a permanent settlement ish quarter of Nicosia, and that officials and in accordance with the resolution of the Security Council of 4 ." For further details, see members of that administration would not be Y.U.N., 1967, p. 289. allowed to enter or leave that quarter. This 2 For details, see Y.U.N., 1967, p. 287. THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 305 visional, set to end as soon as all the provisions Mr. Kuchuk charged the Greek Cypriot ad- of the constitution of the Republic of Cyprus ministration with violating constitutional re- were fully implemented. quirements for the use of Turkish, as well as On 13 January 1968, the representative of Greek, as an official language. He also reported Cyprus transmittted to the Secretary-General a that the new restrictions on movement of statement by President Makarios on his decision leaders of the Turkish community had worsened to seek renewal of his mandate through elec- the political climate to the detriment of efforts tions. The President felt that the Cyprus ques- being made for a solution to the problems of tion had entered its most critical phase. Cour- Cyprus. ageous decisions and important initiatives were The representative of Turkey added that the required to break the deadlock, the President reorganization had been carried out at the stated. He therefore said that he felt he could initiative of the Turkish Cypriots with technical not continue as President of Cyprus without a assistance from, but no interference by Turkey, new expresson of its people's will as to the and should not affect Greek and Turkish com- handling of the Cyprus problem. mitments to withdrawal of excess forces from On 18 and 22 January 1968, the representa- Cyprus, commitments with which Greece had tive of Turkey transmitted to the Secretary- not fully complied. He wrote that the an- General the texts of statements dated 15 and nounced elections, as well as the new restrictions 20 January from Fazil Kuchuk, Vice-President on movement, were incompatible with the of Cyprus. Noting that the question of the re- Security Council's resolution of 22 December election of the President had been raised on 1957 and indicated that enosis—the policy of 16 January 1968 with the Special Representa- annexation by Greece—remained the objective tive of the Secretary-General in Cyprus, Mr. of Archbishop Makarios. Kuchuk stated that the Turkish Cypriot com- The representative of Greece maintained that munity had decided to hold a separate election the reorganization of Turkish Cypriot affairs of the Vice-President, in accordance with article was inconsistent with the Security Council's 39(I) of the Constitution of Cyprus, on the resolution of 22 December 1967 and submitted same day as the President of the Republic was evidence of Turkish participation in that deci- to be elected. The aid of the United Nations sion. Regarding the agreement on withdrawal Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) of forces, he declared that the Government of was requested in such matters as the safe trans- Greece was fulfilling its obligations but that no port of ballot boxes and freedom of movement substantial steps had been taken by Turkey. for candidates and voters. In replies to letters from the representative of Between 8 January and 10 February, the Turkey, the representative of Cyprus rejected Secretary-General received other communica- any claim by Turkey to intervene militarily in tions from the representatives of Cyprus, Greece, Cyprus under the so-called "treaty of guar- Turkey, and, through the latter, from Vice- antee." He also considered the Turkish attitude President Kuchuk in which they expressed their towards the "Provisional Turkish-Cyprus ad- views on current developments and replied to ministration" and. to the pacification and nor- one or another of the letters. malization measures to be prejudicial to the The representative of Turkey and Mr. Ku- good offices of the Secretary-General and a pro- chuk maintained that the establishment of the vocative step towards the Turkish objective of "Provisional Cyprus-Turkish administration" partition, which was unacceptable to the had brought no practical changes to the de facto Cypriot people. situation. It was simply an internal reorganiza- On 9 March 1968, the representative of Cy- tion of Turkish Cypriot affairs, not illegal and prus informed the Secretary-General that as not prejudicial to the "good offices of the of 8 March all existing restrictions in respect of Secretary-General, to the welcome Security the Turkish quarter of Nicosia had been lifted Council resolution 244(1967) of 22 December by the Cyprus Government, thus restoring com- 1967 or to a final solution." plete freedom of movement throughout the 306 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS island for the Turkish Cypriots. The Cyprus personalities to meet for initiating talks on the Government trusted that they would appreciate Cyprus problem; (5) the Secretary-General and respond in a spirit of goodwill to this would call on both Greece and Turkey to assist decision. in the measures; and (6) the Secretary-General would call on the Government of Cyprus and REPORT BY THE the Turkish Cypriot leadership to avoid inci- SECRETARY-GENERAL dents that might disturb the prevailing atmos- On 9 March 1968, the Secretary-General sub- phere of quiet. Under these circumstances, the mitted to the Security Council his twelfth report Secretary-General considered the extension of on the United Nations peace-keeping operation the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in in Cyprus, covering the period from 9 December Cyprus for three months justified. 1967 to 8 March 1968. The Secretary-General also reported that on The Secretary-General said that this latest 25 elections had been held for three-month period had been the quietest since the Presidency. Only Greek Cypriots had voted. . It was to be hoped that the Archbishop Makarios had received 95.45 per crisis in November 1967 might have made cent of the votes cast. There had been no actual both Greek and Turkish Cypriots realize the balloting to fill the office of the Vice-President. urgent need to compose their differences. On 15 February 1968, the Turkish Cypriot re- The lifting of restrictions imposed against turning officer, appointed by the Vice-President the Turkish Cypriots and the main Turkish and three Turkish Cypriot Ministers, declared Cypriot enclave in Nicosia had contributed to Mr. Kuchuk automatically re-elected in the the relaxation of tension, which in turn had absence of any other candidate. Mehmet Zekia, been reflected in the sharp reduction of shooting former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of incidents and a beginning of military disengage- the Republic, had announced on 27 January ment in some places. What was needed was an 1968 that he would not become a candidate acceleration of the momentum towards a solu- for the Vice-Presidency, in order to preserve tion of the Cyprus problem. the unity of the Turkish Cypriot community The discussion under the good offices prof- and in view of the assurances given publicly by ferred by the Secretary-General had not yet Mr. Kuchuk that, as soon as normal conditions succeeded in bridging the divergent views of were re-established, new elections would be the parties. However, the improved atmosphere held to fill the office of the Vice-President. might lead the parties to a more amenable and compromising attitude, the Secretary-General CONSIDERATION BY stated. SECURITY COUNCIL In the light of the improved atmosphere, the (18 MARCH 1968) Secretary-General placed before the parties and On 18 March 1968, the Security Council met the Security Council an outline of initiatives on to discuss the Secretary-General's report on the the steps which, in his view, should be taken in United Nations operation in Cyprus for the the search for a solution to the Cyprus problem, period from 9 December 1967 to 8 March 1968. as follows: (1) the Turkish Cypriot leadership As on previous occasions, the Security Council should make concessions necessary for a full agreed to the request of the representatives of return to normal conditions by allowing Greek Cyprus, Greece and Turkey to participate in Cypriots to move freely in the Turkish Cypriot- the debate, without the right to vote. controlled areas; (2) both the Government and At the outset of the meeting, the President the Turkish Cypriot leadership should accept of the Council announced that prior consulta- UNFICYP's proposals for military deconfronta- tions had resulted in agreement on the text of a tion; (3) the Secretary-General would call upon draft resolution by which the Security Council, the parties to show the spirit of accommodation noting from the Secretary-General's report that essential to progress; (4) the Special Repre- in the present circumstances UNFICYP was sentative of the Secretary-General would invite still needed, would extend UNFICYP for a leading Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot further period of three months ending 26 June THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 307 1968, in the expectation that by then sufficient endorsed proposals of the Secretary-General. progress towards a final solution would make The representatives of Hungary and the possible a withdrawal or reduction in the size USSR stressed their support for the inde- of the Force. Later in the meeting, the draft pendence, sovereignty and territorial integrity resolution was unanimously adopted as resolu- of Cyprus, the withdrawal of all foreign troops tion 247(1968). (For text, see DOCUMENTARY and the solution by peaceful means of the REFERENCES below.) Cyprus question, an internal affair to be worked The representative of Cyprus said that the out by the people of Cyprus without outside relative calm which had been prevailing in interference and taking into account the lawful Cyprus lately had made it possible for the rights of the national communities. They also Government to lift all restrictions previously stated that they would not oppose extension of imposed upon the Turkish Cypriots. He urged UNFICYP, provided it was carried out in con- the Turkish Cypriot leadership to respond posi- formity with the Security Council's resolution 3 tively to the pacification measures. He also of 4 March 1964 (186(1964) ). stressed the willingness of the Cyprus Govern- The USSR added that it had never consid- ment to continue to co-operate with the ered the further presence of UNFICYP justi- Secretary-General in his endeavour to bring fied; its extension was supported only because it about talks between the leaders of the two com- was the desire of the Government of Cyprus and munities in Cyprus. the other parties concerned. The representative of Turkey said that the The representatives of Canada and the Turkish community was prepared in principle United States shared the Secretary-General's to consider favourably the Secretary-General's concern over the continuing financial deficit of suggestion to have greater freedom of move- UNFICYP and urged support of the Force by ment in areas in Cyprus controlled by Turkish voluntary contributions from a wider group Cypriots if the lifting of the restrictions on the of countries. Turkish community were permanent. His Gov- ernment welcomed the initiatives enumerated CONSIDERATION BY by the Secretary-General and would encourage SECURITY COUNCIL any exploratory unofficial contacts between the (18 JUNE 1968) two communities. On 11 Tune 1968, the Secretary-General sub- The representative of Greece said that Greece mitted to the Security Council his thirteenth re- fully endorsed the proposals made by the port on the United Nations peace-keeping Secretary-General in his report. Greece had operation in Cyprus, covering the period 9 always shown evidence of goodwill to work March to 7 June 1968. for the solution of the Cyprus problem. The Secretary-General stated that the relaxa- All three representatives expressed apprecia- tion of tension in Cyprus which had set in at tion of the work of the Secretary-General, his the beginning of the year had continued. In collaborators and UNFICYP. addition, there were recent indications that In the discussion, members of the Council both Greek and Turkish Cypriots had at last emphasized various aspects of the Cyprus prob- begun to realize that they could not solve their lem. Common to most statements were expres- dispute by force. sions of gratification at the improvement of the Some of the initiatives towards a solution of situation in Cyprus reported by the Secretary- the Cyprus problem, outlined in his previous General and of hope that the parties would report, had not yet materialized, the Secretary- take advantage of the atmosphere to initiate General continued. The Turkish Cypriot leader- talks towards a peaceful settlement. ship had not yet found it possible to respond In this connexion, several speakers pointed out to the Government's normalization measures that the fundamental questions remained unre- with steps of its own. On the other hand, two solved; others welcomed the normalization meas- ures by the Cyprus Government which had relaxed tension, and still others specifically 3 See Y.U.N., 1964, p. 165, for text of resolution. 308 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS prominent leaders of the two communities, presence of UNFICYP without substantial re- Glafkos Clerides and Rauf Denktash, after pre- duction was essential to provide a sense of liminary talks in Nicosia upon the initiative of security in the Turkish community during the the Special Representative of the Secretary- inter-communal talks to which his Government General in Cyprus, had met in , , would lend full support. The normalization from 2 to 5 June 1968, where they had agreed measures of the Greek Cypriot administration to continue their talks in Nicosia again as from had gone a long way to preparing the ground 24 June 1968. The opening of this direct chan- for those talks. The Turkish community would nel for inter-communal talks was most en- respond when a sense of security was firmly couraging. Despite this progress, the Secretary- established. In this connexion, he urged recon- General added, the situation remained unstable sideration by the Greek Cypriot administration and therefore extension of the mandate of of its decision to distribute certain arms. He UNFICYP was unavoidable. He recommended urged reconsideration of what was deemed a that the Force be continued a further six regrettable decision not to entertain compensa- months. tion claims of the Turkish community conse- On 18 June 1968, the Security Council dis- quent upon the fighting in November 1967. cussed the Secretary-General's report with, as Such a step would help build bridges between previously, the participation of representatives the two communities, he stated. of Cyprus, Turkey and Greece. The representative of Greece said that the The Council President announced that as a encouraging evolution towards an improved result of prior consultations a draft resolution climate was the result of constant, patient and had been prepared under which the Council persevering work behind the scenes. It was ob- would extend UNFICYP for a further period vious that the presence of the United Nations ending 15 , in the expectation was required at this delicate stage. The Secu- that by then progress towards a solution would rity Council, he stated, could once more give make possible withdrawal or reduction of the essential assistance to the two parties by extend- Force. ing the mandate of the Force. Later in the meeting, the text was unani- The representatives of Hungary and the mously adopted as resolution 254(1968). (For USSR reaffirmed positions of principle on the text, see DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES below.) Cyprus question and indicated that an essential The representative of Cyprus said there had condition of the extension of UNFICYP's man- been no military clashes and incidents which date, in accordance with the wishes of the might have jeopardized the improving political Government of Cyprus and of the interested atmosphere. It had thus become possible to ar- parties, was strict observance of the Security range the first meaningful exchanges of views Council's resolution of 4 March 1964 (186 and consultations between the two sides since (1964)). 1963. In his view, the Secretary-General's report The said that continuing indicated the Government's pacification meas- dangers should stimulate efforts not to miss ures had contributed to the present auspicious existing favourable opportunities for progress. climate and had been welcomed by the ordi- He urged further practical measures to reduce nary Turkish Cypriots. It was regrettable, the military confrontation and to restore full free- Cyprus representative said, that the Turkish dom of movement. Canada and Denmark Cypriot leaders had not yet responded by expressed hope that both communities would abolishing restrictions on Greek Cypriot free- make the concessions and accommodations dom of movement. He hoped that such a step necessary to continued progress towards restor- would not be further delayed. Notwithstanding ing normal conditions. All three of these repre- the lack of response, the Government of Cyprus sentatives indicated that they had supported would continue its pacification policy and the six-month extension of the mandate with looked forward to the scheduled talks. some hesitation, believing that there were The representative of Turkey stated that the grounds for endorsing a shorter extension. THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 309 , pointing out that the basic issues substantial reduction of the Force. Later in the remained unresolved, expressed concern that meeting, the text was unanimously adopted as the decision of the Government of Cyprus to resolution 261(1968). (For text, see DOCUMEN- distribute all the light arms now in store would TARY REFERENCES below.) prejudice the climate of trust necessary for The representatives of Cyprus, Greece and further constructive efforts. Turkey expressed appreciation for the contribu- tions to the improved situation in Cyprus made CONSIDERATION BY by the Secretary-General, his Special Repre- SECURITY COUNCIL sentative and UNFICYP, as well as thanks to (10 DECEMBER 1988) those countries which had rendered possible the In his fourteenth report to the Security Coun- peace-keeping operations in Cyprus. cil on the United Nations operation in Cyprus, The representative of Cyprus expressed hope submitted on 4 December 1968 and covering that the policy of his Government in unilater- the period from 8 June to 2 December 1968, ally lifting all restrictions on the movement of the Secretary-General said it was gratifying that persons and goods entering and leaving the at last the emphasis seemed to be shifting from enclaves would bring a positive response from military confrontation to negotiation. There the other side by a corresponding lifting of had been no bloodshed or any serious inter- restrictions so that a mutual and growing trust communal incident to mar the atmosphere through communication might create the at- surrounding the important talks between leaders mosphere necessary to further rapprochement. of the Greek and Turkish communities in Cy- The progress of the negotiations required time. prus. What was significant, he said, was that the The Cyprus Government followed them with parties in Cyprus were now engaged in a deter- reserved but positive optimism and hoped for mined effort to emerge from the deadlock re- constructive results. All Cypriots, he stated, sulting from rigid positions of the past. earnestly desired an honourable and freely ac- The presence of UNFICYP in the island cepted settlement, so that, as an integrated constituted an assurance to both communities whole, they might go forward together on the that no unforeseen accident would be allowed road of peace towards the achievement of com- to disrupt this effort to overcome their differ- mon progress. ences. Since tangible results would require time, The representative of Greece said that he the Secretary-General stated, he recommended found the developments of the past six months the extension of UNFICYP until 15 . encouraging. However, the difficulties in the He added that, although the improved con- way of a solution made time and perseverance ditions in Cyprus had made it recently possible just as necessary today as previously. AH efforts to reduce the strength of the Force by about must be directed towards ensuring the success 25 per cent, its budget deficit, currently esti- of the negotiations between the leaders of the mated at $8 million, continued to be alarming. Greek and Turkish communities. Prolonging The Secretary-General appealed to the mem- UNFICYP's mandate would increase the bers of the Council to give their attention to chances of constructive results. the problem. The representative of Turkey stated that he On 10 December 1968, the Security Council shared the cautious optimism reflected in the discussed the report of the Secretary-General Secretary-General's report. Extension of the man- with, as previously, the participation of the date of UNFICYP would give the exploratory representatives of Cyprus, Greece and Turkey. inter-communal talks a chance to proceed in The President presented to the Council a a tranquil atmosphere. His Government con- draft resolution, prepared as the result of prior tinued to encourage those talks which might consultations, under which the Council would work out the structure of the State of Cyprus as extend UNFICYP until 15 June 1969, in the a basis, it was hoped, for a definite under- expectation that by then progress towards a standing among ail the parties concerned. solution would make possible withdrawal or The representative of the USSR reaffirmed 310 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS his Government's position of principle in the couraging report of the Secretary-General and Cyprus question. The USSR also categorically the contributions to the improved atmosphere opposed any plans to attempt to settle the made by him, his Special Representative, and Cyprus question behind the back of its people UNFICYP. Speakers expressed hope that the to the detriment of its basic interests and to momentum of the inter-communal talks would the advantage of the imperialist aims of certain be maintained, the real difficulties overcome countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organi- and that the parties would pursue with deter- zation (NATO), which, he stated, were appar- mination their efforts towards a peaceful settle- ently planning to take advantage of the island's ment. disturbed conditions to convert it into a nuclear The representative of the United Kingdom rocket base for that bloc. said that whatever assistance might come from The USSR wished all success to the partici- outside, the problem of Cyprus must be solved pants in the inter-communal talks who would from within, by its people working out in mutual obviously have to overcome considerable diffi- trust a future peaceful way of life. He, and the culties, results from the 80-year colonial domina- representative of Canada, said that they recog- tion of the United Kingdom which, before nized the need of a further period of stability relinquishing control, had imposed a one-sided for the inter-communal talks to produce tangible agreement on Cyprus in order to maintain mili- results and had therefore supported the recom- tary bases on the island. mendation for a six-month extension of The protracted four-year stay of United Na- UNFICYP. Both said they thought it would tions forces in Cyprus could not be considered be useful for the Secretary-General to submit normal. Although it hoped for an early end of in three months' time an interim report on the the presence of the Force, the USSR, in view progress achieved. of the desire of the Government of Cyprus and The representative of France noted with other interested parties, had not impeded exten- satisfaction the encouraging trend in Cyprus sion of its functions in strict accordance with the even though no decisive breakthrough on fun- Security Council's resolution of 4 March 1964 damental issues had yet been announced. His (186(1964) ) .4 However, any attempt to link the delegation had not objected to the extension of scale of operations of the United Nations in UNFICYP within the framework of the Security Cyprus and the measures undertaken by the Council's resolution of 4 March 1964 USSR—as a Black Sea power and, conse- (186(1964)). It would be desirable, however, quently, a Mediterranean power—to strengthen to prepare to end such periodic extensions peace in that region, would leave no alternative or at least to foresee substantial reduction of for the USSR but to draw the necessary con- UNFICYP's numbers. The parties should be clusions as regarded its attitude to the station- aware of the pressing heed to come to an ing of United Nations forces in Cyprus. agreement. The representative of the United Kingdom The Secretary-General said that he understood said it was unfortunate that the spokesman for the motivation behind the suggestions for an the USSR felt it necessary to be belligerent on interim report. He assured the Council that he the most pacific occasions, when the Council's would, as in the past, report at any time that purpose was to achieve maximum agreement. might prove necessary or advisable. The United Kingdom was joined by Canada, Denmark and Ethiopia in welcoming the en- 4 See footnote 3. THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 311 THE UNITED NATIONS FORCE IN CYPRUS (Contingents by Country of Origin, as at 31 December 1968)

Military Civilian Police (Hospital Unit) 55 Australia 50 Canada 595 Austria 45 Denmark 471 Denmark 40 Finland 480 Sweden 40 Ireland 418 Sweden 424 Total 175 United Kingdom 1,090

Total 3,533 Grand Total 3,708 THE FINANCING OF THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING OPERATION IN CYPRUS

The following table lists the pledges made by TOTAL PLEDGES various Governments for financing the United GOVERNMENT (in U.S. dollar equivalents) Nations Peace-keeping Operation in Cyprus for Malawi 5,590 the periods from 27 March 1964 to 8 January Malaysia 7,500 Malta 1,820 1969. Mauritania 2,041 TOTAL PLEDGES Morocco 20,000 GOVERNMENT (in U.S. dollar equivalents) Nepal 400 Australia 1,159,875 Netherlands 921,000 Austria 680,000 New Zealand 42,000 Belgium 1,334,003 Niger 2,041 Botswana 500 Nigeria 10,800 Cambodia 600 Norway 1,134,352 Congo, Democratic Republic of 20,000 Pakistan 8,800 Cyprus 582,600 Philippines 2,000 Denmark 1,245,000 Republic of Korea 16,000 Federal Republic of Germany 6,500,000 Republic of Viet-Nam 4,000 Finland 325,000 Singapore 2,500 Ghana 11,667 Sweden 1,900,000 Greece 6,850,000 Switzerland 1,095,000 Iceland 3,000 Thailand 2,500 18,000 Trinidad and Tobago 2,400 Ireland 50,000 Turkey 1,839,253 Israel 26,500 United Kingdom 20,220,476 Italy 2,202,618 United Republic of Tanzania 7,000 Ivory Coast 30,000 United States 40,100,000a Jamaica 13,800 Venezuela 3,000 525,000 Zambia 28,000 Laos 1,500 Lebanon 997 Total Pledges $89,038,633 Liberia 4,500 Libya 30,000 a Maximum amount pledged, part of which will be Luxembourg 45,000 dependent on contributions of other Governments.

DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES COMMUNICATIONS PRIOR S/8341. Letter of 14 January 1968 from Greece. TO 18 MARCH 1968 S/8342. Letter of 12 January 1968 from Secretary- General to Governments containing further appeal S/8323. Special Report of 3 January 1968 by Secre- for voluntary contributions for financing of United tary-General on recent developments in Cyprus. Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). S/8324. Letter of 5 January 1968 from Cyprus. S/8343. Letter of 18 January 1968 from Turkey. S/8326, S/8327, S/8330, S/8331. Letters of 5 and S/8348. Letter of 21 January 1968 from Cyprus. 8 January 1968 from Turkey. S/8350, S/8358, S/8362, S/8374. Letters of 22, 25, S/8338. Letter of 13 January 1968 from Cyprus. 26 and 31 January 1968 from Turkey. 312 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS S/8375. Letter of 29 January 1968 from Greece. CONSIDERATION BY SECURITY S/8386. Letter of 6 February 1968 from Turkey. COUNCIL (18 JUNE 1968) S/8393, S/8449. Letters of 10 February and 9 March 1968 from Cyprus. Security Council, meeting 1432.

CONSIDERATION BY SECURITY S/8622 and Corr.1. Report of 11 June 1968 by Secre- COUNCIL (18 MARCH 1968) tary-General on United Nations Operation in Cy- prus (for period 9 March-7 June 1968). Security Council, meeting 1398. S/8639. Draft resolution, prepared after consultations among Council members. S/8446. Report of 9 March 1968 by Secretary-General S/8640, S/8641, S/8644. Requests to participate in on United Nations Operation in Cyprus (for period Council's debate from Turkey, Greece and Cyprus. 9 December 1967-8 March 1968). S/8467, S/8471, S/8472. Requests to participate in RESOLUTION 254(1968) (S/8639), adopted unani- Council's debate from Turkey, Cyprus and Greece. mously by Council on 18 June 1968, meeting 1432.

RESOLUTION 247(1968), presented orally after consul- The Security Council, tations, adopted unanimously by Council on 18 Noting from the report of the Secretary-General of March 1968, meeting 1398. 11 June 1968 (S/8622) that in the present circum- stances the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in The Security Council, Cyprus is still needed if peace is to be maintained in Noting from the report of the Secretary-General of the island, 9 March 1968 (S/8446) that in the present circum- Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreed stances the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in that in view of the prevailing conditions in the island Cyprus is still needed if peace is to be maintained in it is necessary to continue the Force beyond 26 June the island, 1968, Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreed Noting, from the observations in the report, the en- that in view of the prevailing conditions in the island couraging recent developments in the island, it is necessary to continue the Force beyond 26 March 1. Reaffirms its resolutions 186(1964) of 4 March, 1968, 187(1964) of 13 March, 192(1964) of 20 June, 193 Noting, from the observations in the report, the new (1964) of 9 August, 194(1964) of 25 September and conditions prevailing in the island, 198(1964) of 18 , 201(1965) of 19 1. Reaffirms its resolutions 186(1964) of 4 March, March, 206(1965) of 15 June, 207(1965) of 10 187(1964) of 13 March, 192(1964) of 20 June, 193 August and 219(1965) of 17 , 220 (1964) of 9 August, 194(1964) of 25 September and (1966) of 16 March, 222(1966) of 16 June and 231 198(1964) of 18 December 1964, 201(1965) of 19 (1966) of 15 , 238(1967) of 19 June, March, 206(1965) of 15 June, 207(1965) of 10 and 244(1967) of 22 December 1967, and 247(1968) August and 219(1965) of 17 December 1965, 220 of 18 March 1968, and the consensus expressed by the (1966) of 16 March, 222(1966) of 16 June and President at the 1143rd meeting on 11 231(1966) of 15 December 1966, 238(1967) of 19 and at the 1383rd meeting on 24 November 1967; June and 244(1967) of 22 December 1967, and the 2. Urges the parties concerned to act with the ut- consensus expressed by the President at the 1143rd most restraint and to continue determined co-operative meeting on 11 August 1964 and at the 1383rd meeting efforts to achieve the objectives of the Security Coun- on 24 November 1967; cil by availing themselves in a constructive manner of 2. Urges the parties concerned to act with the ut- the present auspicious climate and opportunities; most restraint and to continue determined co-operative 3. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of efforts to achieve the objectives of the Security Coun- the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, established cil by availing themselves in a constructive manner of under Security Council resolution 186(1964), for a the present auspicious climate and opportunities; further period ending 15 December 1968, in the ex- 3. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of pectation that by then sufficient progress towards a the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, established final solution will make possible a withdrawal or sub- under Security Council resolution 186(1964), for a stantial reduction of the Force. further period of three months ending 26 June 1968, A/7202. Report of Security Council to General As- in the expectation that by then sufficient progress to- sembly, Chapter 3. wards a final solution will make possible a withdrawal S/8664. Letter of 27 June 1968 from Secretary-Gen- or substantial reduction of the Force. eral to Governments containing further appeal for voluntary contributions for financing of UNFICYP. S/8473, S/8493. Letters of 18 and 20 March 1968 S/8802. Letter of 3 September 1968 from Greece. from Greece. S/8541. Letter of 9 from Secretary-General CONSIDERATION BY SECURITY to Governments containing further appeal for volun- COUNCIL (10 DECEMBER 1968) tary contributions for financing of UNFICYP. S/8597. Letter of 25 from Greece. Security Council, meeting 1459. QUESTIONS CONCERNING LATIN AMERICA 313 S/8914. Report of 4 December 1968 by Secretary- 187(1964) of 13 March, 192(1964) of 20 June, 193 General on United Nations Operation in Cyprus (1964) of 9 August, 194(1964) of 25 September and (for period 8 June-2 December 1968). 198(1964) of 18 December 1964, 201(1965) of 19 S/8922, S/8925, S/8926. Requests from Turkey, March, 206(1965) of 15 June, 207(1965) of 10 Au- Greece and Cyprus to participate in Council's de- gust and 219(1965) of 17 December 1965, 220(1966) bate. of 16 March, 222(1966) of 16 June and 231(1966) of 15 December 1966, 238(1967) of 19 June and 244 RESOLUTION 261(1968), prepared after consultations (1967) of 22 December 1967, and 247(1968) of 18 among Council members, adopted unanimously by March and 254(1968) of 18 June 1968, and the con- Council on 10 December 1968, meeting 1459. sensus expressed by the President at the 1143rd meet- ing on 11 August 1964 and at the 1383rd meeting on The Security Council, 24 November 1967; Noting from the report of the Secretary-General of 2. Urges the parties concerned to act with the ut- 4 December 1968 (S/8914) that in the present cir- most restraint and to continue determined co-operative cumstances the United Nations Peace-keeping Force efforts to achieve the objectives of the Security Coun- in Cyprus is still needed if peace is to be maintained in cil by availing themselves in a constructive manner of the island, the present auspicious climate and opportunities; Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreed 3. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of that in view of the prevailing conditions in the island the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, established it is necessary to continue the Force beyond 15 De- under Security Council resolution 186(1964), for a cember 1968, further period ending 15 June 1969, in the expectation Noting, from the observations in the report, the en- that by then sufficient progress towards a final solution couraging recent developments in the island, will make possible a withdrawal or substantial reduc- 1. Reaffirms its resolutions 186(1964) of 4 March, tion of the Force.

CHAPTER XIII QUESTIONS CONCERNING LATIN AMERICA COMPLAINT BY HAITI

On 20 May 1968, the representative of Haiti of tension which, he said, threatened inter- informed the Secretary-General that on the national peace and security. same day a pirate aircraft had bombed Port- On 24 May 1968, in a letter addressed to the au-Prince, directing one of its bombs at the Secretary-General, Jamaica denied any associa- private apartments of the Head of State and tion in any respect with aircraft that had at- his family. Also, on the same day, unidentified tacked Haiti. aircraft had bombed Cap-Haitien, killing in- On 27 May 1968, in a letter to the Secretary- nocent civilians. According to information General, the Dominican Republic reiterated received by the Haitian Government, adven- its position of complete neutrality and of non- turers in the pay of ex-President Paul E. intervention in affairs concerning other States. Magloire and Father Jean-Baptiste Georges, On 27 May, the Security Council decided all residing in the United States, had planned to include the item in its agenda and invited to acquire aircraft to bomb Haiti. The territories the representative of Haiti to participate, with- most likely to have been used for that criminal out vote, in discussions of the matter. purpose, the representative of Haiti stated, were 1 either the United States, , Jamaica, the Article 39 of the Charter provides that: "The Se- curity Council shall determine the existence of any Dominican Republic or the Bahamas. On 21 threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of May, the representative of Haiti requested aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide that the Security Council be convened so that, what measures shall be taken in accordance with Ar- after the facts had been established, appropriate ticles 41 and 42 [concerning, respectively, measures measures could be taken in accordance with not involving armed force and measures that include 1 the use of air, sea or land forces], to maintain or re- Article 39 of the Charter to reduce the state store international peace and security."