304 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS S/8769. Letter of 23 August 1968 from Australia. S/8780. Note verbale of 26 August 1968 from S/8770. Letter of 23 August 1968 from Zambia. Jamaica. S/8772. "Call to Citizens of Czechoslovak Socialist S/8784. Letter of 27 August 1968 from Ecuador. Republic" from Bulgaria, German Democratic Re- S/8785. Letter of 27 August 1968 from Czechoslo- public, Hungary, Poland and USSR, circulated as vakia. document of Security Council in accordance with S/8790. Note verbale of 28 August 1968 from Haiti. request made by USSR on 24 August 1968, meeting S/8798. Letter of 30 August 1968 from Indonesia, 1445. S/8800. Letter of 3 September 1968 from Panama. S/8803. Letter of 6 September 1968 from Ecuador. OTHER DOCUMENTS S/8812. Letter of 7 September 1968 from Costa Rica. S/8777. Letter of 26 August 1968 from Chile. CHAPTER XII THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS During 1968, the Secretary-General submitted measure, the communication added, was three reports to the Security Council on the deemed necessary to restrain the activities of United Nations operation in Cyprus. Acting on the unlawful administration, which were cal- the Secretary-General's recommendations and culated to undermine the unity of the State. noting the consent of the Cyprus Government, On 5 January 1968, the representative of the Council on each occasion unanimously de- Turkey, in a letter to the Secretary-General, cided to extend the stationing of the United noted with satisfaction the lifting of unlawful Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFI- restrictions, but considered that the new restric- CYP)—for a period of three months in March tions on the free movement of certain members 1968, and for further periods of six months in of the Turkish Cypriot community had added June and December. a breach of law and equity and were in flagrant Lieutenant-Général I. A. E. Martola con- contradiction with the Secretary-General's ap- tinued to command the United Nations Peace- peal of 3 December 1967 and the Security keeping Force in Cyprus in 1968, and Bibiano Council's resolution of 22 December 1967. F. Osorio-Tafall of Mexico continued as the In a communication to the Secretary-General Secretary-General's Special Representative in dated 8 January 1968, the representative of Cyprus throughout the year. Turkey stated that the establishment of the "Provisional Cyprus-Turkish administration" COMMUNICATIONS PRIOR brought no practical change to the de facto TO 18 MARCH 1968 situation on the island. Further, these measures On 5 January 1968, the representative of could cause no increased tension since they Cyprus informed the Secretary-General of a dealt- exclusively with the administration of series of pacification measures announced by Turkish areas of Cyprus and were purely pro- his Government to promote the purposes of the Security Council's resolution of 22 December 1 1967 (244(1967)). In view, however, of what l By resolution 244(1967) the Security Council, inter was termed the unlawful establishment of the alia, urged "the parties concerned to undertake a new 2 determined effort to achieve the objectives of the "Provisional Cyprus-Turkish administration," Security Council with a view, as requested in the the communication stated that the pacification Council's consensus of 24/25 November 1967, to keep- measures were not to be extended to the Turk- ing the peace and arriving at a permanent settlement ish quarter of Nicosia, and that officials and in accordance with the resolution of the Security Council of 4 March 1964." For further details, see members of that administration would not be Y.U.N., 1967, p. 289. allowed to enter or leave that quarter. This 2 For details, see Y.U.N., 1967, p. 287. THE SITUATION IN CYPRUS 305 visional, set to end as soon as all the provisions Mr. Kuchuk charged the Greek Cypriot ad- of the constitution of the Republic of Cyprus ministration with violating constitutional re- were fully implemented. quirements for the use of Turkish, as well as On 13 January 1968, the representative of Greek, as an official language. He also reported Cyprus transmittted to the Secretary-General a that the new restrictions on movement of statement by President Makarios on his decision leaders of the Turkish community had worsened to seek renewal of his mandate through elec- the political climate to the detriment of efforts tions. The President felt that the Cyprus ques- being made for a solution to the problems of tion had entered its most critical phase. Cour- Cyprus. ageous decisions and important initiatives were The representative of Turkey added that the required to break the deadlock, the President reorganization had been carried out at the stated. He therefore said that he felt he could initiative of the Turkish Cypriots with technical not continue as President of Cyprus without a assistance from, but no interference by Turkey, new expresson of its people's will as to the and should not affect Greek and Turkish com- handling of the Cyprus problem. mitments to withdrawal of excess forces from On 18 and 22 January 1968, the representa- Cyprus, commitments with which Greece had tive of Turkey transmitted to the Secretary- not fully complied. He wrote that the an- General the texts of statements dated 15 and nounced elections, as well as the new restrictions 20 January from Fazil Kuchuk, Vice-President on movement, were incompatible with the of Cyprus. Noting that the question of the re- Security Council's resolution of 22 December election of the President had been raised on 1957 and indicated that enosis—the policy of 16 January 1968 with the Special Representa- annexation by Greece—remained the objective tive of the Secretary-General in Cyprus, Mr. of Archbishop Makarios. Kuchuk stated that the Turkish Cypriot com- The representative of Greece maintained that munity had decided to hold a separate election the reorganization of Turkish Cypriot affairs of the Vice-President, in accordance with article was inconsistent with the Security Council's 39(I) of the Constitution of Cyprus, on the resolution of 22 December 1967 and submitted same day as the President of the Republic was evidence of Turkish participation in that deci- to be elected. The aid of the United Nations sion. Regarding the agreement on withdrawal Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) of forces, he declared that the Government of was requested in such matters as the safe trans- Greece was fulfilling its obligations but that no port of ballot boxes and freedom of movement substantial steps had been taken by Turkey. for candidates and voters. In replies to letters from the representative of Between 8 January and 10 February, the Turkey, the representative of Cyprus rejected Secretary-General received other communica- any claim by Turkey to intervene militarily in tions from the representatives of Cyprus, Greece, Cyprus under the so-called "treaty of guar- Turkey, and, through the latter, from Vice- antee." He also considered the Turkish attitude President Kuchuk in which they expressed their towards the "Provisional Turkish-Cyprus ad- views on current developments and replied to ministration" and. to the pacification and nor- one or another of the letters. malization measures to be prejudicial to the The representative of Turkey and Mr. Ku- good offices of the Secretary-General and a pro- chuk maintained that the establishment of the vocative step towards the Turkish objective of "Provisional Cyprus-Turkish administration" partition, which was unacceptable to the had brought no practical changes to the de facto Cypriot people. situation. It was simply an internal reorganiza- On 9 March 1968, the representative of Cy- tion of Turkish Cypriot affairs, not illegal and prus informed the Secretary-General that as not prejudicial to the "good offices of the of 8 March all existing restrictions in respect of Secretary-General, to the welcome Security the Turkish quarter of Nicosia had been lifted Council resolution 244(1967) of 22 December by the Cyprus Government, thus restoring com- 1967 or to a final solution." plete freedom of movement throughout the 306 POLITICAL AND SECURITY QUESTIONS island for the Turkish Cypriots. The Cyprus personalities to meet for initiating talks on the Government trusted that they would appreciate Cyprus problem; (5) the Secretary-General and respond in a spirit of goodwill to this would call on both Greece and Turkey to assist decision. in the measures; and (6) the Secretary-General would call on the Government of Cyprus and REPORT BY THE the Turkish Cypriot leadership to avoid inci- SECRETARY-GENERAL dents that might disturb the prevailing atmos- On 9 March 1968, the Secretary-General sub- phere of quiet. Under these circumstances, the mitted to the Security Council his twelfth report Secretary-General considered the extension of on the United Nations peace-keeping operation the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in in Cyprus, covering the period from 9 December Cyprus for three months justified. 1967 to 8 March 1968. The Secretary-General also reported that on The Secretary-General said that this latest 25 February 1968 elections had been held for three-month period had been the quietest since the Presidency. Only Greek Cypriots had voted. December 1963. It was to be hoped that the Archbishop Makarios had received 95.45 per crisis in November 1967 might have made cent of the votes cast. There had been no actual both Greek and Turkish Cypriots realize the balloting to fill the office of the Vice-President. urgent need to compose their differences. On 15 February 1968, the Turkish Cypriot re- The lifting of restrictions imposed against turning officer, appointed by the Vice-President the Turkish Cypriots and the main Turkish and three Turkish Cypriot Ministers, declared Cypriot enclave in Nicosia had contributed to Mr.