A Study of the Histories and Inspirations Behind Selections of Songs from the Soprano Repertoire
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A study of the histories and inspirations behind selections of songs from the soprano repertoire by Katherine Louise Knoles B.M.E., Pittsburg State University, 2015 B.A., Pittsburg State University, 2016 A REPORT submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MUSIC School of Music, Theatre, and Dance College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2018 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Patricia Thompson Copyright © Katherine Louise Knoles 2018. Abstract The purpose of this graduate report is to explore the influential stories and historical aspects behind the composition of selected works from the soprano repertoire. This document is completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Music degree in vocal performance. The recital was held on Sunday, April 29, 2018, at seven-thirty o’clock in the evening at the First Presbyterian Church, located on 801 Leavenworth Street in Manhattan, KS. Works for this recital were chosen to create a contrasting and unique program to span the soprano repertoire from the Baroque era to late twentieth century, and to display the histories and influences of these compositions. The following works are examined in detail within this document: 1. “Komm in mein Herzenhaus” from Ein’ feste Burg ist unser Gott, BWV 80, by Johann Sebastian Bach 2. “On mighty pens” from The Creation by Franz Joseph Haydn 3. Fêtes galantes I (1882) by Claude Debussy 1. “En sourdine” 2. “Fantoches” 3. “Clair de lune” 4. “Senza mama” from Suor Angelica by Giacomo Puccini 5. As it fell upon a day by Aaron Copland 6. A Letter from Sullivan Ballou by John Kander 7. “What Good Would the Moon Be?” from Street Scene by Kurt Weill 8. Les filles de Cadix by Léo Delibes Each chapter of this document is dedicated to a specific work from the program, and contains the following: 1) biographical information on the composer, 2) historical information and influences on the composition as well as from its grander counterpart if the selection is from a larger work, and 3) a textual and musical analysis of the selection. Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ ix Chapter 1 - Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) and Ein’ feste Burg ist unser Gott, BWV 80 (1723) ........................................................................ 1 Biographical Information on the Composer ............................................................................ 1 Bach in Leipzig (1723-1750) .............................................................................................. 2 Ein’ feste Burg ist unser Gott, BWV 80 (1723) ...................................................................... 5 Analysis of No. 4 Aria, “Komm in mein Herzenhaus” ......................................................... 11 Chapter 2 - Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) and The Creation (1798) .............................. 16 Biographical Information on the Composer .......................................................................... 16 Haydn in London and Vienna (1795-1809) ...................................................................... 17 The Creation (1798) .............................................................................................................. 20 Analysis of No. 15 Aria: “On mighty pens” .......................................................................... 28 Chapter 3 - Claude Debussy (1862-1918) and Fêtes galantes I (1882) ................................... 33 Biographical Information on the Composer .......................................................................... 33 Debussy: The Early Years (1862-1887) ........................................................................... 34 Madame Vasnier: Debussy’s Muse ....................................................................................... 37 Fêtes galantes I (1882) .......................................................................................................... 41 Analysis of “En sourdine” (Muted) ....................................................................................... 44 Analysis of “Fantoches” (Marionettes) ................................................................................. 47 Analysis of “Clair de Lune” (Moonlight) .............................................................................. 52 Chapter 4 - Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) and Suor Angelica (1918) .................................... 55 Biographical Information on the Composer .......................................................................... 55 Puccini: The Final Years (1903-1924) .............................................................................. 56 Suor Angelica (1918) ............................................................................................................. 59 Analysis of “Senza mama” .................................................................................................... 67 Chapter 5 - Aaron Copland (1900-1990) and As it fell upon a day (1923) ............................. 71 Biographical Information on the Composer .......................................................................... 71 iv The Young Aaron Copland and Nadia Boulanger ............................................................ 72 As it fell upon day (1923) ....................................................................................................... 77 Analysis of As it fell upon a day ............................................................................................ 80 Chapter 6 - John Kander (b.1927) and A Letter from Sullivan Ballou (1994) ....................... 85 Biographical Information on the Composer .......................................................................... 85 John Kander on Broadway ................................................................................................ 86 Who was Sullivan Ballou? ..................................................................................................... 90 Analysis of A Letter from Sullivan Ballou ........................................................................... 100 Chapter 7 - Kurt Weill (1900-1950) and Street Scene (1947) ................................................ 107 Biographical Information on the Composer ........................................................................ 107 The “American” Kurt Weill (1935-1950) ....................................................................... 108 The American Opera, Street Scene (1947) .......................................................................... 113 Analysis of “What Good Would the Moon Be?” ................................................................ 120 Chapter 8 - Léo Delibes (1836-1891) and Les filles de Cadix (1874) .................................... 124 Biographical Information on the Composer ........................................................................ 124 Léo Delibes: The Later Years (1870-1891) .................................................................... 125 Les filles de Cadix (1874) .................................................................................................... 128 Analysis of Les filles de Cadix ............................................................................................ 133 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 138 Appendix A - Graduate Recital Program .................................................................................... 146 Appendix B - Program Notes and Translations .......................................................................... 148 v List of Figures Figure 1.1- Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) .............................................................................1 Figure 1.2- Church music at the time of Bach .................................................................................7 Figure 1.3- Cello Motive from “Komm in mein Herzenhaus” ......................................................12 Figure 1.4- “Komm in mein Herzenhaus,” meas. 1-4 ....................................................................12 Figure 1.5- “Komm in mein Herzenhaus,” meas. 5-12 ..................................................................13 Figure 1.6- Tone Painting on the word “aus” ................................................................................14 Figure 1.7- “Komm in mein Herzenhaus,” meas. 19-24 ................................................................14 Figure 1.8- “Komm in mein Herzenhaus,” meas. 29-36 ................................................................15 Figure 2.1- Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) ...............................................................................16 Figure 2.2- Engraving of Handel Commemoration Concert .........................................................21 Figure 2.3- “On mighty pens,” meas. 43-46 ..................................................................................29 Figure 2.4- “On mighty pens,” meas. 69-71 ..................................................................................30