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Electromagnetic Interference in Distributed Outdoor Electrical

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Electromagnetic Interference in Distributed Outdoor Electrical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enerable Fr. Agnelo Gustav de Souza (1869-1927) Dedicated to his saintly life and to his important teachings. His sayings has been an integral part of my academic life. “One who fulfils his duties faithfully is on the way to perfection.” “One must not leave off a good action on account of the criticism of others.” iv v List of Papers The following papers (either published or under review) have resulted during the four year doctoral study. The main theme of this thesis is Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and Lightning Protection. Hence the papers listed below are directly or indirectly connected to the subject of the thesis. The following nomenclature is adopted for a proper classification: ♣ : largely connected with the thesis - included in the thesis. ♦ : largely connected with the thesis - not included in the thesis. ♠ : popular subject and/or general knowledge/awareness in EMC and light- ning - included in the thesis. ♥ : partially connected with the thesis - not included in the thesis. I Theethayi N, Liu Y, Montano R and Thottappillil R, "On the influence of conductor heights and lossy ground in multiconduc- tor transmission lines for lightning interaction studies in railway overhead traction systems", Journal of Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 71, No. 2, 2004, pp. 186-193.♣ [Paper-A avail- able in Appendix-A] II Theethayi N, Thottappillil R, Liu Y and Montano R, "Importance of ground impedance in the study of parameters that influence crosstalk in multiconductor transmission line". Paper in review at Journal of Electric Power Systems Research - first version.♣ [Paper-B available in Appendix-B] III Theethayi N, Thottappillil R, Liu Y and Montano R, "Parame- ters That Influence the Crosstalk in Multiconductor Transmission Line", Proceedings of IEEE Bologna Power Tech. Conference, Bologna, Italy, 2003.♦ Received IEEE student paper award for high quality paper. IV Theethayi N, Liu Y, Montaño R and Thottappillil R, "Crosstalk in Multiconductor Transmission Line in the Presence of Finitely Conducting Ground", Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Istanbul, Turkey, 2003.♦ V Theethayi N, Liu Y, Montano R, Thottappillil R, Zitnik vii M, Cooray V and Scuka V, "A Theoretical Study on the Consequence of a Direct Lightning Strike to Electrified Railway System in Sweden", Journal of Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 74, No. 2, 2005, pp. 267 -280.♣ [Paper-C available in Appendix-C] VI Theethayi N, Liu Y, Montano R, Thottappillil R, Zitnik M, Cooray V and Scuka V, "Modeling Direct Lightning Attachment to Electrified Railway System in Sweden", Proceedings of IEEE Bologna Power Tech. Conference, Bologna, Italy, 2003.♦ Received IEEE student paper award for high quality paper. VII Theethayi N and Cooray V, "On the representation of the lightning return stroke process as a current pulse propagating along a transmission line", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2005, pp. 823 - 837.♣ [Paper-D available in Appendix-D] VIII Thottappllil R, Uman M A and Theethayi N, "Electric and magnetic fields from a semi-infinite antenna above a conducting plane", Journal of Electrostatics, Vol. 61, No.3-4, 2004, pp. 209 - 221.♣ [Paper-E available Appendix-E] IX Theethayi N and Cooray V, "Representation of the return stroke as a transmission line: the apparent return stroke velocity", Proceedings of International Conference on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, 2004.♣, ♠ [Paper-F available in Appendix-F] X Theethayi N and Cooray V, "The transmission line model ide- alisation and reality", Proceedings of IEEE Bologna Power Tech. Conference, Bologna, Italy, 2003.♦ XI Theethayi N, Yirdaw T, Liu Y, Götschl T and Thottappillil R, "Experimental Investigation of Lightning Transients Entering a Swedish Railway Facility". Paper in review at IEEE Transac- tions on Power Delivery - first version.♣ [Paper-G available in Appendix-G] XII Theethayi N, Liu Y, Thottappillil R, Götschl T, Montano R, Lindeberg P A and Hellstrom U, "Measurements of Lightning Transients Entering a Swedish Railway Facility", Proceedings of International Conference on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, 2004.♦ XIII Theethayi N and Thottappillil R, "Lightning current pulse propa- gation in underground wires - a transmission line analysis: Part I- Simple expressions for external wire impedance and admittance". Paper in review at IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery - second revised version.♣ [Paper-H available in Appendix-H] viii XIV Theethayi N and Thottappillil R, "Lightning current pulse prop- agation in underground wires - a transmission line analysis: Part II- Time domain simulations for sensitivity analysis". Paper in review at IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery - second revised version.♣ [Paper-I available in Appendix-I] XV Theethayi N and Thottappillil R, "Pulse Propagation in Underground Wires-A Transmission Line Analysis", Proceedings of RadioVetenskap och Kommunikation (RVK 05), Linkoping, Sweden, 2005.♣ [Paper-J available in Appendix-J] XVI Thottappillil R and Theethayi N, "Lightning strikes to tall tow- ers with implications to electromagnetic interference", Proceed- ings of RadioVetenskap och Kommunikation (RVK 05), Linkop- ing, Sweden, 2005.♣, ♠ [Paper-K available in Appendix-K] XVII Thottappillil R, Theethayi N, Liu Y, Scuka V, Zitnik M, Lindeberg P A, Hellstrom U, "Computer simulation model for Swedish railway system for evaluating the effects of lightning and EMI", World Congress on Railway Research, Edinburgh, England, 2003.♣ [Paper-L available in Appendix-L] XVIII Cooray V and Theethayi N, "The striking distance of lightning flashes and the early streamer emission (ESE) hypothesis", Proceedings of International Conference on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, 2004 (recommended by ICLP committee for possible publication in Journal of Electrostatics).♠ [Paper-M available in Appendix-M] XIX Cooray V, Rakov V and Theethayi N, "The relationship between the leader charge and the return stroke current - Berger’s data revisited", Proceedings of International Conference on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, 2004 (recommended by ICLP committee for possible publication in Journal of Electrostatics).♠ [Paper-N available in Appendix-N] XX Liu Y, Theethayi N, Thottappillil R, Gonzalez R M and Zitnik M, "An improved model for soil ionization around grounding system and its application to stratified soil", Journal of Electrostatics, Vol. 60, No. 2-4, 2004, pp. 203 - 209.♦ XXI Liu Y, Theethayi N and Thottappillil R, "An engineering model for transient analysis under lightning strikes: Non - uniform trans- mission line approach", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2005, pp. 722 - 730.♦ XXII Cooray V, Montano R, Theethayi N, Zitnik M, Manyahi M and Scuka V, "A channel base current model to represent both neg- ative and positive first return strokes with connecting leaders." Proceedings of the International Conference on Lightning Pro- ix tection, Cracow, Poland, 2002.♥ Reprints were made with permission from the publishers c 2004 Elsevier B.V., c 2005 Elsevier B.V. and c 2005 IEEE. Author’s Request: This work, a result of the author’s research during 2001-2005 for the doctoral degree in the Uppsala University, contains certain unpublished material. This has been marked accordingly in the thesis as ¶. The author reserves his right to publish it at appropriate times. If any of the unpublished material is taken for repro- duction, further study or modification, it shall be duly acknowledged giving reference to this thesis. x Contents 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 How to begin this study? . 6 1.3 Single track overhead traction system of the Swedish railways and the associated components . 7 1.4 Skeleton of the thesis . 10 2 Direct and Indirect Lightning Strikes to Outdoor Conductor System of Swedish Railways . 15 2.1 Lightning current and electromagnetic field parameters . 15 2.2 Direct strikes on the railway systems . 18 2.3 Indirect strikes to railway systems . 22 2.4 Conclusions . 24 3 Genesis of Transmission Line Theory . 27 3.1 What our good old masters
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