SOME NEW OCCURRENCES of MINERALS of ARIZONA B Y
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NOTICES 219 NICKEL, AN HISTORICAL REVUE. F. B. Howeno-Wnrru. D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 120 Alexander St., Princeton, N. J. 350 pp. 5 Appendixes. 1963. 9695. This is a literary toltr ile force, broadly conceived, exhaustively executed and elegantly illuminated. The author, who has spent his life in the world of nickel, was at his retire- ment a director of the International Nickel Company (Mond) Ltd. In this monograph he has attempted to include (and I suspect iargely successfully) everything that is known on the discovery and development of nickel as a commercial metal, adding, en route, large dollops of data on such relevant topics as the earth's interior, composition of early bronze alloys, meteorites, early mining, extractive metallurgy, development of armor and ord- nance, electroplating, international business operations, coinage, aircraft engines, world airplane speed records, properties of steels, atomic structure and medieval altarpieces. These various reflections are combined into a finely faceted whole, highlighted by numer- ous germane quotations from original sources. Illustrations are numerous and first class, including several in living color and a number of fold-out charts. The whole is a sumptious production. ewh DER MINERALIENSAMMLER. WBnNnn LrneBn. 225 pages, 56 figures, 28 plates (incl 8 in color), rear pocket with 5 maps and 9 "exploded" crystal drawings for cut- out reassembling. OH-Verlag, Liinggasse 57, Thun, Switzerland. $6.45. 1963. This is a complete guide and introduction to mineralogy for the beginning collector. Essentially it is in two parts: Chapters I-IX deal with elementary basic principles of miner- alogy (formation of minerals, chemical composition, crystals, properties, mineral determi- nation) and with mineral collecting (equipment, cleaning, preservation and display, pur- chase and swapping). -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Rediscovery of the Elements — a Historical Sketch of the Discoveries
REDISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENTS — A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE DISCOVERIES TABLE OF CONTENTS incantations. The ancient Greeks were the first to Introduction ........................1 address the question of what these principles 1. The Ancients .....................3 might be. Water was the obvious basic 2. The Alchemists ...................9 essence, and Aristotle expanded the Greek 3. The Miners ......................14 philosophy to encompass a obscure mixture of 4. Lavoisier and Phlogiston ...........23 four elements — fire, earth, water, and air — 5. Halogens from Salts ...............30 as being responsible for the makeup of all 6. Humphry Davy and the Voltaic Pile ..35 materials of the earth. As late as 1777, scien- 7. Using Davy's Metals ..............41 tific texts embraced these four elements, even 8. Platinum and the Noble Metals ......46 though a over-whelming body of evidence 9. The Periodic Table ................52 pointed out many contradictions. It was taking 10. The Bunsen Burner Shows its Colors 57 thousands of years for mankind to evolve his 11. The Rare Earths .................61 thinking from Principles — which were 12. The Inert Gases .................68 ethereal notions describing the perceptions of 13. The Radioactive Elements .........73 this material world — to Elements — real, 14. Moseley and Atomic Numbers .....81 concrete basic stuff of this universe. 15. The Artificial Elements ...........85 The alchemists, who devoted untold Epilogue ..........................94 grueling hours to transmute metals into gold, Figs. 1-3. Mendeleev's Periodic Tables 95-97 believed that in addition to the four Aristo- Fig. 4. Brauner's 1902 Periodic Table ...98 telian elements, two principles gave rise to all Fig. 5. Periodic Table, 1925 ...........99 natural substances: mercury and sulfur. -
Ajoite: New Data
American Mineralogist, Volume 66, pages 201-203, 1981 Ajoite: new data GEORGE Y. CHAO Department of Geology, Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario Kl S 5B6, Canada Abstract New data show that ajoite is triclinic, PI or pI, a ==13.637, b ==14.507, c ==13.620A, a == 107.16, f3 = 105.45, y = 110.57°; Z ==3. The mineral is biaxial positive, 2V ==80°, a ==1.550, f3 = 1.583, y = 1.641 (in Na light); pleochroic: X = very light bluish green, Y -- Z ==brilliant bluish green. {010} cleavage is perfect. The orientation of the principal vibration directions is defined by the spherical coordinates X(26.5°, 80°), Y(118°, 79°), Z(-104.5°, 15°). The ex- tinction angle c: Z' on (0 I0) is 150. Electron microprobe and chemical analyses gave Si02 41.2, Al203 3.81, CuO 42.2, MnO 0.02, FeO 0.11, CaO 0.04, Na20 0.84, K20 2.50, H20 (TGA to 1000°C) 8.35, sum 99.07 wt.%. The analysis corresponds to (Ko.70NaO.36Cao.Ol)(CUt,.97 Feo.o2)Alo.98Si9.oo024(OH)6'3.09H20 or ideally, (K,Na)Cu7AISi9024(OH)6' 3H20. TGA showed a two-stage dehydration; 50% of the total water was released between 70° and 425°C and the rest between 4250 and 800°C. Half of the water is zeolitic in nature. Introduction are always present. The termination on c may be ei- Ajoite, first described by Schaller and Vlisidis ther {001} or {203} or both. (1958) from Ajo, Pima County, Arizona, was thought to be monoclinic on the basis of optical studies. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
List of New Mineral Names: with an Index of Authors
415 A (fifth) list of new mineral names: with an index of authors. 1 By L. J. S~v.scs~, M.A., F.G.S. Assistant in the ~Iineral Department of the,Brltish Museum. [Communicated June 7, 1910.] Aglaurito. R. Handmann, 1907. Zeita. Min. Geol. Stuttgart, col. i, p. 78. Orthoc]ase-felspar with a fine blue reflection forming a constituent of quartz-porphyry (Aglauritporphyr) from Teplitz, Bohemia. Named from ~,Xavpo~ ---- ~Xa&, bright. Alaito. K. A. ~Yenadkevi~, 1909. BuU. Acad. Sci. Saint-P6tersbourg, ser. 6, col. iii, p. 185 (A~am~s). Hydrate~l vanadic oxide, V205. H~O, forming blood=red, mossy growths with silky lustre. Founi] with turanite (q. v.) in thct neighbourhood of the Alai Mountains, Russian Central Asia. Alamosite. C. Palaehe and H. E. Merwin, 1909. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, col. xxvii, p. 899; Zeits. Kryst. Min., col. xlvi, p. 518. Lead recta-silicate, PbSiOs, occurring as snow-white, radially fibrous masses. Crystals are monoclinic, though apparently not isom0rphous with wol]astonite. From Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. Prepared artificially by S. Hilpert and P. Weiller, Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges., 1909, col. xlii, p. 2969. Aloisiite. L. Colomba, 1908. Rend. B. Accad. Lincei, Roma, set. 5, col. xvii, sere. 2, p. 233. A hydrated sub-silicate of calcium, ferrous iron, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen, (R pp, R',), SiO,, occurring in an amorphous condition, intimately mixed with oalcinm carbonate, in a palagonite-tuff at Fort Portal, Uganda. Named in honour of H.R.H. Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Abruzzi. Aloisius or Aloysius is a Latin form of Luigi or I~ewis. -
Wickenburgite Pb3caal2si10o27² 3H2O
Wickenburgite Pb3CaAl2Si10O27 ² 3H2O c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 6=m 2=m 2=m: Tabular holohedral crystals, dominated by 0001 and 1011 , to 1.5 mm. As spongy aggregates of small, highly perfect f g f g individuals; as subparallel aggregates or rosettes; granular. Physical Properties: Cleavage: 0001 , indistinct. Tenacity: Brittle but tough. Hardness = 5 D(meas.) = 3.85 D(cfalc.) g= 3.88 Fluoresces dull orange under SW UV. Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Colorless to white; rarely salmon-pink. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Uniaxial ({). Dispersion: r < v; moderate. ! = 1.692 ² = 1.648 Cell Data: Space Group: P 63=mmc: a = 8.53 c = 20.16 Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA. 10.1 (100), 3.26 (80), 3.93 (60), 3.36 (40), 2.639 (40), 5.96 (30), 5.04 (30) Chemistry: (1) (2) SiO2 42.1 40.53 Al2O3 7.6 6.88 PbO 44.0 45.17 CaO 3.80 3.78 H2O 3.77 3.64 Total 101.27 100.00 (1) Near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA. (2) Pb3CaAl2Si10O24(OH)6: [needsnew??formula] Occurrence: In oxidized hydrothermal veins, carrying galena and sphalerite, in quartz and °uorite gangue (near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA). Association: Phoenicochroite, mimetite, cerussite, willemite, crocoite, duftite, hemihedrite, alamosite, melanotekite, luddenite, ajoite, shattuckite, vauquelinite, descloizite, laumontite. Distribution: In the USA, in Arizona, at several localities south of Wickenburg, Maricopa Co., including the Potter-Cramer property, Belmont Mountains, and the Moon Anchor mine; on dumps at a Pb-Ag-Cu prospect in the Artillery Peaks area, Mohave Co.; and in the Dives (Padre Kino) mine, Silver district, La Paz Co. -
Evolution of Zincian Malachite Synthesis by Low Temperature Co
Evolution of zincian malachite synthesis by low temperature co- precipitation and its catalytic impact on the methanol synthesis Leon Zwienera, Frank Girgsdiesa, Daniel Brenneckea, Detre Teschnera,b, Albert G.F. Machokeb, Robert Schlögla,b, and Elias Frei*a [a] Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. [b] Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34 – 36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. *E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: zincian malachite • co-precipitation • methanol synthesis Abstract: Low temperature co-precipitation enabled, for the first time, the preparation of phase pure zincian malachite precursors with Zn contents of up to 31 at.-%. The high Zn content was beneficial for maximizing the dispersion of Cu and oxygen defect sites on the ZnO surface. Further, an increase of the Zn loading from 10 to 31 at.-% doubled the specific surface areas obtained from N2O-RFC (Reactive Frontal Chromatography) and H2- TA (Transient Adsorption). As the Zn content was increased from 10 to 31 at.-%, the apparent activation energy for methanol formation was strongly decreased. Furthermore, water formation was reduced indicating a retardation of the rWGS in favor of methanol formation at high Zn loadings. Additionally, compared to high temperature co-precipitation, low temperature precipitated catalysts exhibited increased catalytic activities. 1. Introduction Rising global energy demand, relying on the ongoing consumption of fossil fuels, has led to a drastic increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration over the past century.[1] Since CO2 has been attributed to be the main anthropogenic source of the greenhouse effect, CO2 has become a valuable carbon source available for chemical conversion (e.g. -
About Our Mineral World
About Our Mineral World Compiled from series of Articles titled "TRIVIAL PURSUITS" from News Nuggets by Paul F. Hlava "The study of the natural sciences ought to expand the mind and enlarge the ability to grasp intellectual problems." Source?? "Mineral collecting can lead the interested and inquisitive person into the broader fields of geology and chemistry. This progression should be the proper outcome. Collecting for its own sake adds nothing to a person's understanding of the world about him. Learning to recognize minerals is only a beginning. The real satisfaction in mineralogy is in gaining knowledge of the ways in which minerals are formed in the earth, of the chemistry of the minerals and of the ways atoms are packed together to form crystals. Only by grouping minerals into definite categories is is possible to study, describe, and discuss them in a systematic and intelligent manner." Rock and Minerals, 1869, p. 260. Table of Contents: AGATE, JASPER, CHERT AND .............................................................................................................................2 GARNETS..................................................................................................................................................................2 GOLD.........................................................................................................................................................................3 "The Mystery of the Magnetic Dinosaur Bones" .......................................................................................................4 -
![Structure of Synthetic Liimg,Cu)Cuz[Siz06]Z: a Unique Chain Silicate Related to Pyroxene](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/9284/structure-of-synthetic-liimg-cu-cuz-siz06-z-a-unique-chain-silicate-related-to-pyroxene-519284.webp)
Structure of Synthetic Liimg,Cu)Cuz[Siz06]Z: a Unique Chain Silicate Related to Pyroxene
American Mineralogist, Volume 82, pages 143-148, 1997 Structure of synthetic LiiMg,Cu)Cuz[Siz06]z: A unique chain silicate related to pyroxene HIROYUKI HORIUCHI,1 AKIHIRO SAITO,I TOSHINAGA TACHI,2 AND HIROSHI NAGASAWA2 'Mineralogical Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan 'Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171, Japan ABSTRACT A unique Cu-bearing chain silicate, Li2(Mg,Cu)Cuz[Si206b was synthesized, and the structure was determined by single-cry~tal X-ray diffraction techniques. The structure was found to be triclinic, spacoe group PI, with unit-cell parameters a = 5.7068(7), b = 7.4784(9), c = 5.2193(3) A, ex = 99.911(8), J3 = 97.436(8), 'Y = 84.52(1)°, and Z = 1. The arrangement of zweier single chains, [Siz06], differs significantly from chain arrange- ments in the pyroxene and pyroxenoid structures, and the "I-beam" description of the pyroxene structure is not applicable. The structure may be classified as a new derivative type of the pyroxene structure, with an "oblique I-beam". Cu atoms are coordinated by four atoms in a square-planar arrangement with 1.94-2.00 A for Cu-O and two atoms with °longer Cu-O distances of 2.41-2.92 A, consistent with the crystal-field stabilization° ~f the d9. electroni~ structure of Cu2+. The square-planar Cu04 units form a [CunOZn+2] nbbon with n = 3 ill the structure, which is also found in Cu-bearing chain silicates such as shattuckite and plancheite with n > 3. -
Aurichalcite (Zn, Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Aurichalcite (Zn, Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic, pseudo-orthorhombic by twinning. Point Group: 2/m. As acicular to lathlike crystals with prominent {010}, commonly striated k [001], with wedgelike terminations, to 3 cm. Typically in tufted divergent sprays or spherical aggregates, may be in thick crusts; rarely columnar, laminated or granular. Twinning: Observed in X-ray patterns. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {010} and {100}, perfect. Tenacity: “Fragile”. Hardness = 1–2 D(meas.) = 3.96 D(calc.) = 3.93–3.94 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Pale green, greenish blue, sky-blue; colorless to pale blue, pale green in transmitted light. Luster: Silky to pearly. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Pleochroism: Weak; X = colorless; Y = Z = blue-green. Orientation: X = b; Y ' a; Z ' c. Dispersion: r< v; strong. α = 1.654–1.661 β = 1.740–1.749 γ = 1.743–1.756 2V(meas.) = Very small. Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/m. a = 13.82(2) b = 6.419(3) c = 5.29(3) β = 101.04(2)◦ Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Mapim´ı,Mexico. 6.78 (10), 2.61 (8), 3.68 (7), 2.89 (4), 2.72 (4), 1.827 (4), 1.656 (4) Chemistry: (1) CO2 16.22 CuO 19.87 ZnO 54.01 CaO 0.36 H2O 9.93 Total 100.39 (1) Utah; corresponds to (Zn3.63Cu1.37)Σ=5.00(CO3)2(OH)6. Occurrence: In the oxidized zones of copper and zinc deposits. Association: Rosasite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, hydrozincite, malachite, azurite. -
Infrare D Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals
Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s G. C. Jones Department of Mineralogy The Natural History Museum London, UK and B. Jackson Department of Geology Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum and National Museums of Scotland E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Firs t editio n 1 993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 Typese t at the Natura l Histor y Museu m ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0 Apar t fro m any fair dealin g for the purpose s of researc h or privat e study , or criticis m or review , as permitte d unde r the UK Copyrigh t Design s and Patent s Act , 1988, thi s publicatio n may not be reproduced , stored , or transmitted , in any for m or by any means , withou t the prio r permissio n in writin g of the publishers , or in the case of reprographi c reproductio n onl y in accordanc e wit h the term s of the licence s issue d by the Copyrigh t Licensin g Agenc y in the UK, or in accordanc e wit h the term s of licence s issue d by the appropriat e Reproductio n Right s Organizatio n outsid e the UK. Enquirie s concernin g reproductio n outsid e the term s state d here shoul d be sent to the publisher s at the Londo n addres s printe d on thi s page.