Mollusken Im Golf Von Revellata, Korsika

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Mollusken Im Golf Von Revellata, Korsika Marinbiologische Exkursion Korsika Calvi 25.08.2010- 08.09.2010 Teilnehmer Kursleitung Innsbruck Kiel Egger Bernhard Degasperi Gregor Bodenstein Sophie Gschwentner Robert Dörler Maria-Magdalena Brase Lisa Hanel Reinhold Dürr Angela Federwisch Luisa Hobmayer Bert Girstmair Johannes Milke Daniela Schatz Heinz Gufler Sabine Vardeh David Schatz Irene Haller Viktoria Maria Weigel Benjamin Hechenberger Peter Winkler Simon Loferer Nadja Wittwer Claudia Techniker Meyer Karin Ostermann Thomas Nägele Olivier Pliger Katrin Sailer Sabrina Tutoren Saltuari Barbara Prantl Veronika Seppi Daniele Zitzelsberger Lena Valorzi Christian Gruppenfoto (v.l.n.r & v.o.n.u): Bernhard Egger, Nägele Olivier, Johannes Girstmair, Heinz Schatz, Sophie Bodenstein, David Vardeh, Daniele Seppi, Reinhold Hanel, Karin Meyer, Christian Valorzi, Veronika Prantl, Daniela Milke, Lena Zitzelsberger, Benjamin Weigler, Claudia Wittwer, Simon Winkler, Katrin Pliger, Ute Rothbecher, Irene Schatz, Sabine Gufler, Sabrina Sailer, Robert Gschwentner, Viktoria Haller, Thomas Ostermann, Gregor Degasperi, Maria-Magdalena Dörler, Luisa Federwisch, Nadja Loferer, Barbara Saltuari, Peter Hechenberger, Bert Hobmayer, Lisa Brase, Angela Dürr Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung Tagesprotokolle Bestandsaufnahme der Makroalgen in der Bucht von Stareso ............................................................... 3 Die Makrofauna des Blockfelds ............................................................................................................. 10 Coralligène ............................................................................................................................................. 14 Fango-Delta ........................................................................................................................................... 19 Die litorale Fischfauna der korsischen Westküste................................................................................. 23 Plankton ................................................................................................................................................. 35 Das Sandlückensystem (Mesopsammon) .............................................................................................. 42 Seegraswiese – Posidonia oceanica ...................................................................................................... 47 Projekte Mollusken im Golf von Revellata, Korsika ............................................................................................. 54 Regeneration ......................................................................................................................................... 71 Befruchtung und Entwicklungsbiologie von Seeigeln ........................................................................... 93 Fischtransekt ....................................................................................................................................... 125 Untersuchung der Nahrungsspezifität ausgewählter mediterraner Lippfisch-Arten .......................... 141 Gesamtartenliste Fische 2010 ............................................................................................................. 162 Gesamtartenliste der Fische ( 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 und 2010) ....................... 169 Die Ballade von der wundersamen Exkursion nach Calvi 2010 ........................................................... 175 Einleitung Die Station de Recherche Océanographiques et Sous Marines (STARESO) auf Korsika ist eine der wenigen meeresbiologischen Forschungsstationen am Mittelmeer, die durch einen direkten Zugang zum Meer, ideale Forschungsvoraussetzungen erfüllt. Mit den gegebenen Unterbringungsmöglichkeiten können Wissenschaftler und Studenten für längere Zeit aufgenommen werden, um an den verschiedensten Projekten teilzunehmen und somit einen Einblick in die unterschiedlichen meeresbiologischen Arbeitstechniken zu bekommen. Am 25.08.2010 machten sich Studenten aus Innsbruck und Kiel auf den Weg nach Korsika, um auf STARESO an einer zweiwöchigen meeresbiologischen Exkursion teilzunehmen. In der ersten Woche ging es darum, einen Einblick in die 5 großen Projekte zu gewinnen, die in der zweiten Woche näher bearbeitet werden sollten. Bei den Projektthemen handelte es sich um die Seeigelentwicklung, das Regenerationsvermögen von Anneliden, die Herstellung eines Bestimmungsschlüssels für Mollusken, die Untersuchung des Darminhaltes ausgewählter Lippfische und um die Bestimmung tageszeitlicher Aktivitätsmustern von Fischen. Um als erstes die verschiedenen im Mittelmeer vorkommenden Fischarten zu unterscheiden und kennenlernen zu können, wurden Fischführungen angeboten. Außerdem wurden in der ersten Woche bereits intensiv Muscheln, Schnecken, Polychaeten und Fische gesammelt und gefangen, um in der zweiten Woche, in den entsprechenden Projektgruppen, ausreichend Material zur Bearbeitung zur Verfügung zu haben. Der zu jedem Thema notwendige theoretische Hintergrund wurde im Seminarraum von den jeweiligen Dozenten vermittelt. Außerdem wurden jeden Tag verschiedene Themen vergeben, die von kleinen Gruppen bearbeitet werden sollten, um am Ende ein Tagesprotokoll zu erhalten. In der zweiten Woche begann dann die Bearbeitung der Projekte. Die sehr ufernahen Laboratorien konnten jederzeit von den verschiedenen Projektgruppen genutzt werden. Es gab zwei Trocken-Laboratorien, die mit Präzisionswaagen, Schwitzkästen, Trockenapparaten, Abzügen, Mikroskopen mit Bildaufnahmesystem und binokulare Lupen ausgestattete waren und ein Feucht-Laboratorium, dessen Ausrüstung aus unterschiedlich großen Aquarien und Labortischen bestand. Eine kontinuierliche Versorgung mit Meerwasser war ebenfalls gewährleistet. Somit war die Voraussetzung für die Bearbeitung verschiedenen Themen für die Projektgruppen erfüllt. Die Ergebnisse der Projektgruppen wurden am letzten Tag in einem Gruppenreferat den anderen Studenten vorgestellt STARESO bietet Ausgangspunkt und Infrastruktur für eine Vielzahl wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen, wie Bestandsaufnahmen der Flora und Fauna, Fischzählungen, Qualitätsanalysen von Posidonia oceanica und des Wassers, Bathymetrie und der Analyse der Makrofauna-Diversität. Seite | 1 Langjährige Analysen geben außerdem Aufschluss über die klimatischen, physikalischen, chemischen und biologischen Daten der Bucht von Calvi und zeigen, dass sie schon auf den beobachteten klimatischen Wechsel der vergangenen drei Jahrzehnte reagiert hat. Um darauf mit den entsprechenden Maßnahmen Einfluss nehmen zu können, sind weitere meeresbiologische Arbeiten notwendig, um ein noch größeres Verständnis für die verschiedenen Zusammenhänge zu bekommen. Somit ist und bleibt STARESO ein großer Anziehungspunkt für internationale Forscherteams, sowie Schüler und Studenten aus aller Welt. Seite | 2 Bestandsaufnahme der Makroalgen in der Bucht von Stareso Lisa Brase, Luisa Federwisch und Barbara Saltuari Einleitung Makroalgen sind mehrzellige Algen mit einem zwei- oder dreidimensional aufgebauten Thallus. Als autotrophe Primärproduzenten stellen sie eine wichtige Nahrungsgrundlage für zahlreiche Tiere im Meer dar. Die durch Algenbestände, wie z.B. Cystoseira sp., gebildeten Sekundärstrukturen schaffen ein diverses Habitat und sind durch eine typische Begleitfauna gekennzeichnet. Verschiedene Fischarten nutzen Makroalgenbestände außerdem als Kinderstube für ihren Nachwuchs. Makroalgen sind somit ein wichtiger Bestandteil des marinen Lebensraumes und bedeutend für das Vorkommen vieler anderer Arten. Sie kommen in der Regel auf Hartsubstraten im Litoral vor und sind selten auf Weichböden zu finden. Viele Makroalgen sind mehrjährige Organismen. Komplex gebaute Arten zeigen Ähnlichkeiten zur Grundmorphologie der Gefäßpflanzen. Rhizoide, die als Haftscheiben oder Haftkrallen ausgebildet sein können, dienen allein der Verankerung am Substrat. Die Cauloide sind stammähnliche Strukturen, die die blattähnlichen Phylloide über das Substrat erheben. Die Phylloide dienen der Photosynthese. Je nach Wassertiefe, in der eine Algenart vorkommt, gibt es entsprechende Anpassungen, z.B. im Bau oder in der Pigmentausstattung. Kurz unter der Wasseroberfläche ist eine ausreichende Sonneneinstrahlung sichergestellt, jedoch ist mechanische Zerstörung durch Wellen das Hauptproblem der in dieser Zone wachsenden Arten. Die Rotalge Corallina officinalis z.B. schützt sich davor durch Kalkeinlagerungen. Arten, die in größeren Tiefen leben, wie die Grünalge Halimeda tuna, müssen hingegen an die geringere Sonneneinstrahlung angepasst sein. Algen gewinnen auch zunehmend an wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung. In der Aquakultur stellen sie mittlerweile mengenmäßig die bedeutendste Organismengruppe dar. Sie werden ganz unterschiedlich eingesetzt, z.B. in der Kosmetikindustrie als Bestandteil von Hautcremes, als Pulver zum Einnehmen bei Magen-Darm Beschwerden, aber auch im Bier sind Bestandteile von Algen enthalten. In Japan und China sind Algen ein grundlegendes Nahrungsmittel. Sie enthalten Kohlenhydrate und Proteine, sowie Mineralstoffe und Vitamine. Anhand der akzessorischen Pigmente und der von ihnen jeweils absorbierten Wellenlängen des Lichts werden Algen in die drei Großgruppen Grünalgen (Chlorophyta), Braunalgen (Phaeophyta) und Rotalgen (Rhodophyta) unterteilt. Seite | 3 Chlorophyta Als Chlorophyta oder auch „Grünalgen“ bezeichnet man alle Vertreter der Chloroplastida, die keine Landpflanzen sind. Sie können ein- oder mehrzellig sein und kommen vor allem in seichten, von Licht durchströmten Küstengebieten vor. Im
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