2016 MCS Base Survey
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Country Codes and Currency Codes in Research Datasets Technical Report 2020-01
Country codes and currency codes in research datasets Technical Report 2020-01 Technical Report: version 1 Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Data and Service Centre Harald Stahl Deutsche Bundesbank Research Data and Service Centre 2 Abstract We describe the country and currency codes provided in research datasets. Keywords: country, currency, iso-3166, iso-4217 Technical Report: version 1 DOI: 10.12757/BBk.CountryCodes.01.01 Citation: Stahl, H. (2020). Country codes and currency codes in research datasets: Technical Report 2020-01 – Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Data and Service Centre. 3 Contents Special cases ......................................... 4 1 Appendix: Alpha code .................................. 6 1.1 Countries sorted by code . 6 1.2 Countries sorted by description . 11 1.3 Currencies sorted by code . 17 1.4 Currencies sorted by descriptio . 23 2 Appendix: previous numeric code ............................ 30 2.1 Countries numeric by code . 30 2.2 Countries by description . 35 Deutsche Bundesbank Research Data and Service Centre 4 Special cases From 2020 on research datasets shall provide ISO-3166 two-letter code. However, there are addi- tional codes beginning with ‘X’ that are requested by the European Commission for some statistics and the breakdown of countries may vary between datasets. For bank related data it is import- ant to have separate data for Guernsey, Jersey and Isle of Man, whereas researchers of the real economy have an interest in small territories like Ceuta and Melilla that are not always covered by ISO-3166. Countries that are treated differently in different statistics are described below. These are – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – France – Spain – Former Yugoslavia – Serbia United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. -
Demonyms: Names of Nationalities [Demonym Is a Name Given to a People Or Inhabitants of a Place.] Country Demonym* Country Demonym*
17. Useful Tables Th is chapter contains useful tables presented in GPO style. Th e tables display various design features most frequently used in Government publications and can be considered examples of GPO style. U.S. Presidents and Vice Presidents President Years Vice President Years George Washington ....................................... (1789–1797) John Adams .................................................... (1789–1797) John Adams ..................................................... (1797–1801) Th omas Jeff erson ........................................... (1797–1801) Th omas Jeff erson ............................................ (1801–1809) Aaron Burr...................................................... (1801–1805) George Clinton .............................................. (1805–1809) James Madison ................................................ (1809–1817) George Clinton .............................................. (1809–1812) Vacant .............................................................. (1812–1813) Elbridge Gerry ............................................... (1813–1814) Vacant .............................................................. (1814–1817) James Monroe.................................................. (1817–1825) Daniel D. Tompkins ..................................... (1817–1825) John Quincy Adams ...................................... (1825–1829) John C. Calhoun ............................................ (1825–1829) Andrew Jackson .............................................. (1829–1837) -
Following Mobile Money in Somaliland Gianluca Iazzolino Rift Valley Institute Research Paper 4
rift valley institute research paper 4 Following Mobile Money in Somaliland gianluca iazzolino rift valley institute research paper 4 Following Mobile Money in Somaliland gianluca iazzolino Published in 2015 by the Rift Valley Institute (RVI) 26 St Luke’s Mews, London W11 1Df, United Kingdom. PO Box 52771, GPO 00100 Nairobi, Kenya. the rift VALLEY institute (RVI) The Rift Valley Institute (www.riftvalley.net) works in Eastern and Central Africa to bring local knowledge to bear on social, political and economic development. the rift VALLEY foruM The RVI Rift Valley Forum is a venue for critical discussion of political, economic and social issues in the Horn of Africa, Eastern and Central Africa, Sudan and South Sudan. the author Gianluca Iazzolino is a PhD candidate at the Centre of African Studies (CAS) at the University of Edinburgh and a fellow of the Institute of Money, Technology and Financial Inclusion (IMTFI) at the University of California Irvine. His research focuses on Kenya, Uganda and Somaliland, focusing on ICT, financial inclusion and migration. RVI executive Director: John Ryle RVI horn of africa & east africa regional Director: Mark Bradbury RVI inforMation & prograMMe aDMinistrator: Tymon Kiepe rvi senior associate: Adan Abokor eDitor: Catherine Bond Design: Lindsay Nash Maps: Jillian Luff, MAPgrafix isBn 978-1-907431-37-1 cover: Money vendors sit behind stacked piles of Somaliland shillings in downtown Hargeysa, buying cash in exchange for foreign currency and ‘Zaad money’. rights Copyright © The Rift Valley Institute 2015 Cover image © Kate Stanworth 2015 Text and maps published under Creative Commons license Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Available for free download at www.riftvalley.net Printed copies available from Amazon and other online retailers, and selected bookstores. -
Somaliland's World-Leading Move Towards a Cashless Culture - the National
26/02/2019 Somaliland's world-leading move towards a cashless culture - The National Somaliland's world-leading move towards a cashless culture A breakaway region in the Horn of Africa isn’t the obvious setting for a technological revolution Charlie Mitchell October 17, 2018 Abdul Rashid has sold sweet Somali tea on the muddy streets of Hargeisa for decades. As night falls in the capital of breakaway Somaliland and worshipers flood out of the mosque, a handful congregate around his rickety table. While he pours from a flask into paper cups, buyers type a string of numbers into mobile phones, take their tea and go on their way. A cup of Mr Rashid’s tea costs 2,000 Somaliland shillings – equivalent to $0.25 or Dh0.92 – and his customers pay almost exclusively with their mobile phones. “I never see cash,” he tells The National. Mr Rashid is not alone. Across Somaliland – which declared independence from Somalia in 1991 but is yet to gain recognition from the international community – people are turning away from cash and embracing mobile money. This makes the region, with its tiny livestock-dependent economy, a candidate for the world’s first cashless society. Abdul Rashid selling tea at his road side tea stall in Hargeisa city in Somaliland. Pawan Singh for The National “It is the most incredible service we have,” says Abdinasir Ahmed Hersi. He is the director general of Somaliland’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation, but I bump into him buying a mobile phone – using the one he already has – in the clean but soulless Deero mall in downtown Hargeisa. -
Hargeisa, Somaliland – Invisible City David Kilcullen
FUTURE OF AFRICAN CITIES PROJECT DISCUSSION PAPER 4/2019 Hargeisa, Somaliland – Invisible City David Kilcullen Strengthening Africa’s economic performance Hargeisa, Somaliland – Invisible City Contents Executive Summary .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Key Facts and Figures .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Invisible City .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Clan and Camel .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 Observations on urban-rural relations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 Diaspora and Development .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 Observations on Banking, Remittances and Financial Transfers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 A Two-Speed City .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 Observations on Utilities and Critical Infrastructure .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 The Case for International Recognition .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 Observations on International Recognition .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 Ports and bases .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 Human Capital .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 The Diaspora ‘Brain Gain’ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . -
List of European Currencies Totally There Are 31 Different Currencies in Circulation Within Europe
List of European currencies Totally there are 31 different currencies in circulation within Europe. The dominance of the Euro is clearly observed, now the 27 independent countries and dependent territories use it as the legal tender. Akrotiri and Dhekelia (UK) - European euro Aland Islands (Finland) - European euro Albania - Albanian lek Andorra - European euro Armenia - Armenian dram Austria - European euro Azerbaijan - Azerbaijan manat Belarus - Belarusian ruble Belgium - European euro Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark Bulgaria - Bulgarian lev Croatia - Croatian kuna Cyprus - European euro Czech Republic - Czech koruna Denmark - Danish krone Estonia - European euro Faroe Islands (Denmark) - Faroese krona Finland - European euro France - European euro Georgia - Georgian lari Germany - European euro Gibraltar (UK) - Gibraltar pound Greece - European euro Guernsey (UK) - Guernsey pound Hungary - Hungarian forint Iceland - Icelandic krona Ireland - European euro Isle of Man (UK) - Manx pound Italy - European euro Jersey (UK) - Jersey pound Kazakhstan - Kazakhstani tenge Kosovo - European euro Latvia - European euro Liechtenstein - Swiss franc Lithuania - European euro Luxembourg - European euro Macedonia (FYROM) - Macedonian denar Malta - European euro Moldova - Moldovan leu Monaco - European euro Montenegro - European euro Netherlands - European euro Norway - Norwegian krone Poland - Polish zloty Portugal - European euro Romania - Romanian leu Russia - Russian ruble San Marino - European euro Serbia - Serbian dinar Slovakia - European euro Slovenia - European euro Spain - European euro Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Norway) - Norwegian krone Sweden - Swedish krona Switzerland - Swiss franc Turkey - Turkish lira Ukraine - Ukrainian hryvnia United Kingdom - Pound sterling Vatican City (Holy See) - Make and Share Free Checklists checkli.com. -
State-Making in Somalia and Somaliland
The London School of Economics and Political Science STATE -MAKING IN SOMALIA AND SOMALILAND Understanding War, Nationalism and State Trajectories as Processes of Institutional and Socio-Cognitive Standardization Mogadishu ● Dominik Balthasar A thesis submitted to the Department of International Development of the London School of Economics (LSE) for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2012 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 105,510. I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Sue Redgrave. Cover illustration: Map source, URL: http://tinyurl.com/97ao5ug, accessed, 15 September 2012, adapted by the author. 2 Abstract Although the conundrums of why states falter, how they are reconstituted, and under what conditions war may be constitutive of state-making have received much scholarly attention, they are still hotly debated by academics and policy analysts. Advancing a novel conceptual framework and analysing diverse Somali state trajectories between 1960 and 2010, this thesis adds to those debates both theoretically and empirically. -
African Continental Free Trade Area: Advancing Pan-African Integration. Some Considerations
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA: Advancing Pan-African Integration Some Considerations UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA: Advancing Pan-African Integration Some Considerations New York and Geneva, 2016 Note The material contained in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted but acknowledgement is requested, together with a reference to the document number. A copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to the UNCTAD Secretariat, at: Palais de Nations, 1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland. The designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any position whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers and boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The views expressed in this publication reflect solely the views of the author. This is an unedited publication. Acknowledgements This study was prepared for UNCTAD by Mr. Osvaldo Agatiello under the framework of a Development Account Project 1213 AR on "Strengthening Capacities of African Countries in Boosting Intra-African Trade". It was supervised by Mr. Bonapas Onguglo, Senior Economic Affairs Officer, UNCTAD, and Mr. Ahmed Mutkhar, Economic Affairs Officer, UNCTAD. It was also reviewed by Mr. Joseph Kodzo Banini, consultant with UNCTAD. UNCTAD/WEB/DITC/2016/5 Copyright©United Nations, 2016 All rights reserved Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 Challenges and Opportunities for African Continental Integration and Trade Development ......... -
Isle of Man Hybrid Company
ISLE OF MAN HYBRID COMPANY Hybrid Company Formation CURRENCY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Manx Pound British-Irish Council (BIC) & Universal Postal Union (UPU) LANGUAGES APPLICABLE LAW English and Manx Gaelic COMPANIES ACT 1931-2004 & 2006 TIME ZONE POPULATION GMT+01:00 85,500 cclex.com ISLE OF MAN LEGAL BASIS Isle of Man is located in the Irish Sea between Northern The principal laws governing Manx hybrid companies are Ireland and England. It is an internally self-governing the Isle of Man Companies Act of 1931-2004 and the Isle English crown dependency. of Man Companies Act of 2006. The 2006 Act operates in parallel with the Companies Acts 1931-2004. A prospective It enjoys a stable political climate and is renowned company elects under which Law it shall be incorporated. worldwide for its legally sound economic infrastructure that attracts international business. Isle of Man offers first A Manx hybrid company combines elements of a company class financial, corporate and fiduciary services and robust as well as a trust/foundation. The hybrid company is limited corporate governance. by guarantee, but it also has a share capital. Consequently, it has two classes of memberships, that of guarantee Isle of Man has been successful in the corporate sector due members and of shareholding members (shareholders). to its professional services industry, resulting an excellent international reputation. In such structures, members become shareholders by contributing capital and become guarantee members by agreeing to contribute certain amounts of capital in case the company becomes insolvent or goes into liquidation. BENEFITS TAX% Low Share Capital Business friendly Attractive corporate Cost effective Flexibility Jurisdiction taxation setup of a Trust KEY REQUIREMENTS Anyone wishing to establish a Manx Hybrid company must apply for its registration with the Companies Registrar, through its appointed registered agent. -
FIRM Behaviorin FRAGILE STATES
FIRM BEHAVIOR in FRAGILE STATES The Cases Of Somaliland, South Sudan, and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Victor Odundo Owuor FIRM BEHAVIOR in FRAGILE STATES The Cases Of Somaliland, South Sudan, and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Victor Odundo Owuor February 2017 www.oefresearch.org http://dx.doi.org/10.18289/OEF.2017.013 Cover Images: Avenue du Commerce, Kinshasha; photo by Kevin Perry, Flickr. Holding a mobile phone; photo by Erik Hersman, Flickr. Employees of KEEPS waste management in Somaliland; photo by Jean-Pierre Larroque, One Earth Future. AUTHOR’S ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As the author of this report I would be remiss in not recognizing the significant contribution of several people in the compilation of this document. The report has been greatly enriched by the internal and external reviewers’ suggestions and recommendations for ways to improve the early iterations of the manuscript. Special mention goes to Mike Eldon of The DEPOT, and Victor Rateng of Twaweza East Africa, as well as my colleagues within the OEF Research program. Deep gratitude is also expressed for the contacts who gave me access to interviewees and provided useful background knowledge in the three jurisdictions. Singular recognition is given to Victor Gatonye Kariuki of Savannah Trading and Emmanuel Odhiambo of Songa Ogoda Associates for multiple South Sudan contacts; Muse Awale, Abdikarim Gole and Shuraako country staff; and Sibo Mihure and Mathews Okomo for assistance in eastern DRC. Design and layout is by Andrea Kuenker and Timothy Schommer, One Earth Future. © 2017 One Earth Future Foundation Firm Behavior in Fragile States | i TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... -
Overcoming Challenges in an Unrecognized Economy: Experience from Somaliland
American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 7, No. 1; March 2017 Overcoming Challenges in an Unrecognized Economy: Experience from Somaliland Muktar Adan A. (Koshin) A Researcher, Currently enrolled a Postgraduate Program School of Business University of Nairobi Kenya Abstract The crumble of the great Somali Democratic Republic does not designate to Somalis that they lost their precious nation. The formidable pride of the Somali nomad, his extraordinary sense of superiority as an individual, and his firm conviction that he is the sole master of his actions and subject to no authority except that of God. But it’s a loss of all the national institutions and the hierarchy of governance, a loss of the brilliant Somali culture, academics, professional personnel, the proudness and patriotism the dignity and all sorts of humanity This study analyses the economic meltdowns that hampered Somaliland. In 1991 all state institutions that provided and regulated financial services, including the central bank and the entire banking system collapsed, the collapse of the commercial banks in the 1990s and the loss of depositor’s money, eroded public confidence in government and banks. The former British Somaliland protectorate (now the Republic of Somaliland) got its independence on 26th June 1960 and after four days united with southern Somalis’ which was colonized by Italy and that was the beginning of three good decades of anarchy, chaos and mayhem which was confronted by the northern Somali’s who had united with their southern brothers. This dishonesty led the northern Somali’s to withdraw from the unionon May 1991, which led to the rebirth of the Republic of Somaliland. -
Currency Code Currency Name Units Per EUR USD US Dollar 1,114282
Currency code Currency name Units per EUR USD US Dollar 1,114282 EUR Euro 1,000000 GBP British Pound 0,891731 INR Indian Rupee 76,833664 AUD Australian Dollar 1,596830 CAD Canadian Dollar 1,463998 SGD Singapore Dollar 1,519556 CHF Swiss Franc 1,097908 MYR Malaysian Ringgit 4,585569 JPY Japanese Yen 120,445338 CNY Chinese Yuan Renminbi 7,657364 NZD New Zealand Dollar 1,660507 THB Thai Baht 34,435083 HUF Hungarian Forint 325,394724 AED Emirati Dirham 4,092202 HKD Hong Kong Dollar 8,705685 MXN Mexican Peso 21,275509 ZAR South African Rand 15,449937 PHP Philippine Peso 56,970569 SEK Swedish Krona 10,508745 IDR Indonesian Rupiah 15576,638324 SAR Saudi Arabian Riyal 4,178559 BRL Brazilian Real 4,190947 TRY Turkish Lira 6,353929 KES Kenyan Shilling 115,893733 KRW South Korean Won 1311,898493 EGP Egyptian Pound 18,508337 IQD Iraqi Dinar 1326,662413 NOK Norwegian Krone 9,632916 KWD Kuwaiti Dinar 0,339171 RUB Russian Ruble 70,335592 DKK Danish Krone 7,465851 PKR Pakistani Rupee 179,387706 ILS Israeli Shekel 3,926669 PLN Polish Zloty 4,255048 QAR Qatari Riyal 4,055988 XAU Gold Ounce 0,000784 OMR Omani Rial 0,428442 COP Colombian Peso 3560,158642 CLP Chilean Peso 770,643233 TWD Taiwan New Dollar 34,639236 ARS Argentine Peso 47,788112 CZK Czech Koruna 25,516024 VND Vietnamese Dong 25847,134851 MAD Moroccan Dirham 10,697013 JOD Jordanian Dinar 0,790026 BHD Bahraini Dinar 0,418970 XOF CFA Franc 655,957000 LKR Sri Lankan Rupee 196,347604 UAH Ukrainian Hryvnia 28,564201 NGN Nigerian Naira 403,643263 TND Tunisian Dinar 3,212774 UGX Ugandan Shilling 4118,051290