Effect of Carissa Carandas Against Clinically Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

Shakti Verma et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2011,4(10),3769-3771 Research Article Available online through ISSN: 0974-6943 http://jprsolutions.info Effect of Carissa carandas against Clinically Pathogenic bacterial strains Shakti Verma1 and Hotam Singh Chaudhary1 1Department of Biotechnology, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science Gwalior (M.P.) – 474005, India Received on: 17-08-2011; Revised on: 08-08-2011; Accepted on:03-10-2011 ABSTRACT The fresh leaf and fruit of Carissa carandas were extracted using non polar solvent i.e. chloroform, followed by ethanol, dichloromethane, acetone, toluene, ethyl acetate. The extract was then tested for their antimicrobial activities by agar well diffusion method. The dichloromethane and toluene extract of leave showed better results against the Styphylococcus aureus sp. and Klebsiella pneumonia than the other solvent. The fruit extract of C. carandas in dichloromethane were showed the maximum antibacterial activity against the E. coli among the other test micro organisms. A fruit extract in ethyl acetate showed the better result against the all strains. It is concluding that C. carandas fruit extract have antimicrobial activity, hence we can use it as herbal medicine. Qualitative analysis of plant metabolites like alkaloid, glycosides, saponin, terpenoids, tennins and steroids has been present in fruits & leaves of C. carandas. Key words: Carissa carandas, Antimicrobial activity, Agar well diffusion assay, Phytochemical. INTRODUCTION Karonda (C. carandas) is a hardy, evergreen, spiny and indigenous shrub. hrs at 24-28 0C. The Extract was filtered out twice using cheese cloth, an Widely grown in India, it is found wild or widely in Bihar, West Bengal and extract were collected in Petridish and kept in incubator for drying the solvent. south India. It is grown commonly as a hedge plant. Its fruits have sour and A Dried extract collected in falcon tubes and kept in freeze for further astringent taste, bearing the richest source of iron containing & good content investigation. of vitamin C. Carissa carandas is Very useful to cure anaemia, its fruits have anti-scorbutic properties also. (N. Balakrishnan, V.H. Bhaskar et al., 2009). Microorganism This species is a rank-growing, straggly, woody, shrub climbing, usually growing The bacterial species used in this study were Esherichia coli, S. aureus, S. on height of 10 or 15 ft (3-5 m) from the surface, sometimes ascending to the epidermis, K. pneumonia, Enterococcus facealis. Above bacterial strain were tops of tall trees; and rich in white, gummy latex. The branches are numerous cultured overnight at 370C in nutrient broth media and used as inoculums using and spreading, forming dense masses; are set with sharp thorns (Shaida faiza et cell suspension with density of 105 CFU/ml. The bacterial species were cultured al., 2001). in nutrient broth for 24 hours and fresh inoculums were taken for the test. An Antimicrobial as•say performed with microbial cultures which were freshly C. carandas Linn. fruit is sour, acrid, astringent, appetizer, antipyretic, useful grown at 37°C appro•priately diluted. in disease of brain anorexia, indigestion, colic, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, piles, cardiac diseases, oedema, amenorrhoea, fever and act as nervine in Antimicrobial activity nervous disorder and having antiscorbutic properties. The leaves have The modified agar diffusion method (Murray et al., 1995 & Olurinola 1996) antipyretic activity (Taylor et al., 1996). The three pigment are present in was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The solid media of Muller fruit of C. carandas i.e. pelargonidin-3-o-glucoside. Cyanidin-3-o-rhamnoside Hilton agar was prepared by dissolving 38 gm in 1 litter distilled water. About and cyaniding-3-o-glucoside. The highest percentages of pelargonidin-3-o- 25 ml of Muller Hilton agar poured into Petridish. The inoculum for bacteria glucoside were presented in ripening stage. The content of cyaniding-3-o- was prepared by culturing a large number of bacteria in a tube containing 10 ml glucoside and cyanidin-3-o-rhamnoside were quite constant during early stage of nutrient broth and incubating over night at 370C. The inoculum of bacteria of development. But percentage reduced in over ripping fruit. (Shaida Fariza was transferred into Petridish containing solid Muller Hilton agar. Each agar sulaiman and Loh Sock Khuen et al., 2001). An ethanolic root extract of C. plate was inoculated by bacterial strain. Circular well was prepared by the help carandas may produce its anticonvulsant effects via non-specific mechanisms of sterile micro tips, 50µl of plant extract added in agar well by using (Karunakar Hegde et al., 2009) micropipette. Then covered the plate by the parafilm wax and kept the plate in incubator at 37oC for 24 hrs. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by measuring MATERIAL AND METHODS the diameter of the inhibition zones and the mean of the diameters of the inhibition zones was calculated Plant material The plant of C. carandas leaves and fruits were collected from Madhav Institute Phytochemical Screening: of Technology & Science, Gola ka Mandir Gwalior in the month of July and Freshly prepared water, chloroform, ethyl acetate extract of leave and fruit of August. The Plant was identified and the respective voucher specimens have C. carandas were subjected to preliminary photochemical screening for detection been deposited in the Department of Botany, Jiwaji University,Gwalior. of the following major constituents:- Preparation of extract of plant Alkaloids: Presence of alkaloids was reported by subjecting 0.5g aqueous The leaves and fruit of C. carandas were collected and washed with Lukewarm extract in 5ml 1% HCl, boiled, filtered and Mayer’s reagent was added. Yellow Water in bucket and dried. Then crushed, made its powder form with the help precipitation was shown presence of alkaloids. grinder. Powder were dissolved in different solvent and kept in shaker for 72 Reducing sugar: 5gm. Extract 1ml of distilled water and 5-8 drops Fehling’s solution was heated and observed for brick red precipitate. *Corresponding author. Tannins: Extract was mixed with distilled water and heated on water bath. Hotam Singh Chaudhary Then filtered and ferric chloride was added to the filtrate. A dark green colour indicates presence of tannins. Assistant Professor Department of Biotechnology, Flavonoids: Plant extract added in distilled water and diluted with NaOH and HCl. A yellow solution that turns colourless indicates the presence of flavonoids. Madhav Institute of Technology & Science Gwalior (M.P.) – 474005, India Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.4.Issue 10. October 2011 3769-3771 Shakti Verma et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2011,4(10),3769-3771 Phlobatanins: Plant extract was dissolved in distilled water and filtered. The rhinorrhoea, diarrhoea. Alcoholic extract of root material was found to decrease filtrate was boiled with 2% HCL solution. Red precipitate shows the presence blood pressure. The aqueous extract of root has reported various of Phlobatanins pharmacological activities including histamine releasing, anthelmintic, sapsmolytic and cardiotonic activity. Fruits extract showed the analgesic, Terpenoids: Plant extract added with 2ml of chloroform and conc. H2SO4 anti-inflammatory and lipase1 activity. Phytochemicals like Carisone & gently added to form a layer. A reddish brown coloration of the interface was carindone, carinol, lignin, oderosideH and 2-acetylphenol are reported from formed, which showed presence of terpenoids. root material. That study showed, we can use of this plants as herbal and ayurvedic medicine. Cardiac Glycoside: Plant extract treated with 2ml of glacial acid containing a drop of FeCl3 solution. A brown colour ring indicates the presence of Cardiac One hundred and fifty volatile components of karonda were first indentified. Glycoside This fruit flavor showed some metabolites as follows: alcohols comprised the largest class of volatiles (29.8%), terpenoids (24.0%); esters (23.1%); fatty RESULT AND DISCUSSION acids (11.9%); carbonyls (2.2%); furanoids (1.7%) and others (4.2%).Major The antimicrobial activity of C. carandas against the different bacterial strains constituents found in karonda flavor were isoamyl alcohol (6.65 ppm), is shown as below in table 1. isobutanol (6.06 ppm) and [beta]-caryophyllene (5.94 ppm). Some compounds Leave extract of toluene shown the maximum activity against K. Pneumonia present, e.g. furfural, could probably be degradation products of ascorbic acid with zone of inhibition around 12mm. Leave extract of C. carandas in acetone, and sugars. It has been reported that acid treatment and even distillation ethanol and dichloromethane was shown the average antimicrobial activity induce the oxidation of ascorbic acid (D. Sturock et al.,1959). against the different bacterial strain. Leaves extract of C. carandas in ethanol and in chloroform also shown the antimicrobial activity against the S. aureus C. carandas Linn have potent cardioprotective mechanism. C. carandas and E .facealis. involved cardiac remodeling, improvement in renal performance, antioxidant properties and improved serum nitric oxide synthesis. C. carandas methanolic The result of this study showed that leave and fruit extracts of C. carandas crude extract has potent cardiac remodelling activity and possibly useful in have varied antimicrobial activity against tested (E. coli, S. epidermis, treating and halting progression to heart failure (Rabbani G et. al.,2009) Enterococcus

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