ECOTOURISM FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN BOKA KOTORSKA ()

FEASIBILITY STUDY The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP/MAP-RAC/SPA concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of UNEP/MAP-RAC/SPA.

Published by: RAC/SPA

Copyright: © 2015 - RAC/SPA

Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder.

For bibliographic purposes, this volume may be cited as: RAC/SPA - UNEP/MAP, 2014. Ecotourism for local development in Boka Kotorska (Montenegro) - Feasibility study. By: Sabaté X., Basora X., Cazorla X., Marongiu I., Cherif M., Filipovic A., Bojanovic V., Radevic D. and Moric I. Ed. RAC/SPA - MedMPAnet Project, Tunis: 94 pages + annexes.

Layout: Zine El Abidine MAHJOUB and Asma KHERIJI.

Cover photo credit: http://www.thousandwonders.net/Kotor. Photos credits: Atef LIMAM, Daniel CEBRIAN and Xavier SABATÉ.

This document has been elaborated within the framework of the Regional Project for the Development of a Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MPAs) Network through the boosting of Mediterranean MPAs Creation and Management (MedMPAnet Project).

The MedMPAnet Project is implemented in the framework of the UNEP/MAP-GEF MedPartnership, with the financial support of EC, AECID and FFEM. ECOTOURISM FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN BOKA KOTORSKA (MONTENEGRO)

FEASIBILITY STUDY

CAMP MONTENEGRO - INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR MONTENEGRO

Regional Project for the Development of a Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MPAs) Network through the boosting of MPA creation and management 2 Feasibility study on Ecotourism for local development in Boka Kotorska (Montenegro) Mo Reference ofthestudy: Meryem Isio Xavier Xavier Xavier Ilija Dragana V Ana Authors: Xavier Study coordination: Francesca Daniel General Coordination: study: Scientific responsible ofthe Daniel CEBRIAN,SAPBIOProgramme Officer, RAC/SPA Atef LIMAM,MedMPAnet Project, RAC/SPA ofthestudy: In charge 1080 Tunis- TunisiaCedex B.P. 337 Boulevard duLeader Yasser Arafat Regional Activity Centre forSpecially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) Study required andfinanced by: esna U M M F Nº07/MedMPAnet/2013 ilipo B aron oric C B S S C o abat abat asora a Ch R ebrian Cu j z ade ano orla v erif , lcasi g ic U é é v i , EspaiTReS·TerritoriiResponsabilitatSocial(Spain) , EspaiTReS·TerritoriiResponsabilitatSocial(Spain) niversity ofMontenegro(Interviewssupport)(Montenegro) , EspaiTReS·TerritoriiResponsabilitatSocial(Feasibilitystudy,interviewsdrafting)(Spain) u v , CEEDConsulting(Deskresearch,surveysandinterviewssupport)(Montenegro) ic , SCP/RAC(Workshoporganization)(Spain) , RAC/SPA ic , EspaiTReS·TerritoriiResponsabilitatSocial(supporttotheFeasibilityStudy)() , eleMents(Workshoporganization,Feasibilitystudyrevision)(Spain) , CEEDConsulting(Deskresearch)(Montenegro) , SCP/RAC , CEEDConsulting(Deskresearch)(Montenegro) h Erpa Cmiso (C, h Saih gny for Agency Spanish the (EC), Commission European the of support Protected financial Specially with (UNEP/MAP-RAC/SPA) for Areas Centre Activity Regional the by implemented is Project MedMPAnet The UNEP. by led Ecosystem” Large “Strategic Sea project Mediterranean the size for Partnership full GEF MedPartnership part the is of which Project”, “MedMPAnet Management and Creation MPAs of boosting Areas the through ProtectedNetwork(MPAs) Coastal elaboratedpresent beenwithin The document has and Marine Mediterranean a of ProjectRegionalframeworkofthe the forDevelopmentthe FOREWORD coastal area of Montenegro. area coastal to of the (IZCM) order management zone coastal integrated enable in Kotorska Boka in ecotourism on implementing based prepared Montenegroin assisting at aiming (SCP/RAC) Production been has Activity document Centre forConsumption and Activity Sustainable Regional Regional The The The and (RAC/SPA) Areas Protected between Specially for Centre collaboration joint a the French Global Environment Facility (FFEM). and (AECID) Development to Cooperation International

FOREWORD 3 4 © RAC/SPA, Atef LIMAM 4.7.Diagnosis conclusions:feasibilityandsustainability assessment...... 4.6.Stakeholder collaboration...... 4.5. Ecotourism supply/demand and sectors...... complementary 4.4. Infrastructures,for ecotourism...... buildings and services 4.3.Natural andculturalresources withtouristicattraction...... 4.2.Public tourismstrategies,landplanningandlaws...... 4.1. Conventional sector in Boka Kotorska...... 4. Diagnosis: Kotorska isecotourismfeasible,viableandsustainableinBoka ?...... 3.5.Ecotourism stakeholders...... 3.4. Ecotourism destination marketing initiatives...... activities 3.3.Ecotourism supplyandcomplementary ...... 3.2. Infrastructures,for ecotourism...... buildings and services 3.1.Main ecotouristicsitesandattractionsinBokaKotorska...... 3. Assessment of ecotourism potential in Boka Kotorska...... 2.7. General Vulnerability and Tourist capacity in Boka Kotorska...... carrying 2.6. Pressures and impacts on the coastal and marine ecosystem...... 2.5.Market assessment:products, supplyandtrends...... 2.4.Demand: touristprofile/travel motives...... 2.3. Transport to Boka Kotorska...... 2.2. Tourism planning and strategy in Boka Kotorksa...... 2.1. Description of Boka Kotorska tourism sector...... 2. Conventional Kotorska: tourisminBoka aquickviewandenvironmental assessment...... 1.5. Ecotourism, a driver and of development...... conservation 1.4. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and CAMP Montenegro...... 1.3.Methodology andmainsources ofinformation...... 1.2.Study area: BokaKotorska (Montenegro)...... 1.1.Rationaleandobjectives ofthefeasibilitystudy...... 1. Introduction: Kotorska whyafeasibility studyonecotourisminBoka ?...... Executive summary...... CONTENT 81 81 80 79 78 78 77 77 69 67 65 61 54 53 48 47 44 43 41 37 35 35 25 23 21 17 17 17 9

CONTENT 5 5. Recommendations for future development of ecotourism in Boka Kotorska...... 85 5.1. Multiscale & multisectoral strategy, planning & laws related to ecotourism...... 87 5.2. Sound management of natural and cultural assets...... 87 5.3. Support to ecotourism entrepreneurship...... 88 5.4. Capacity Building for ecotourism initiatives...... 88 5.5. Networking amongst stakeholders...... 89 5.6. Promotion of ecotourism products...... 89

6. References and websites...... 91

7. Annexes...... 95 © RAC/SPA, Atef LIMAM 7 8 © RAC/SPA, Atef LIMAM f h catl ra f otngo h peet feasibility present The Montenegro. (IZCM) of area management coastal the of zone coastal the integrated on enable to recommendations order in with Kotorska and Boka in tourism ecotourism up of implementation of comes sector the study analyses . study The in This businesses and potential entrepreneurship the ecotourism assesses of and Kotorska Boka in ecotourism process of ecotourism development. thebegin totaken betentative canthethatstudysteps and necessaryassesstopotentialthe ecotourismfor ,thein is requirements. It social environmental and economic, of developmentofecotourism needs certain conditions, interms sustainability Ecotourismofthe coastal desirableisaarea ofMontenegro. economic activity However, that can the and conservation thus contributing tohelp achieving the thedelicate desiredbalance between generaleconomic activity Boka K Why a feasibility study on in ecotourism coastal andmarineecosystem. environmentalits stress,the of in causes especially main the of one also however,is region; it the in industries main the of one is tourism year.Thus, provide each revenue which M€ 24 year, almost a visits 300.000 than more receives KotorskaBoka inhabitants, roughly60.000 of population a renowned most the Withit. surround that mountains the to itself bay the from of one is Kotorska a rich biodiversity, expressed in a huge variety of landscapes, Boka designated as UNESCO’s World Heritage Site. been has which The of part area coast, Montenegrin the hosts of stretches EXECUTIVE SUMMARY otorska? development. of hypothesis viable environmentally and socio-culturally economically,an be would scheme ecotourism an whether decide to useful stakeholders, objective relevant the and to independent information provide to intended is study Adescriptionoffeasibilityby keyissuesisdetailed in Table 1: be facedforasuccessfulfuture ofthesector. to challenges the of some are others, among networking in stakeholders of participation and involvement of level low and entrepreneurs local of skills limited nature, observe to Despite that, the fast degradation of landscape and a rapid and forceful response. Namely, scarce infrastructure natural resources and the abandonment of hinterland require development andsustainability. for local communities and above all, a balance between local sustainable tourism, the creation of economic opportunities services of ecotourism in Boka Kotorska can help promoting addition, promoting culture andnature-based activitiesand to enthusiasts environmental scenery.environmental Inuntouched through hiking enjoy to for opportunity potential great significant the a provide churches and has villages small with areas Kotorska rural Large Boka sand. and sun just than rather agriculture and conservation become a new kind of destination focused on nature, culture, is notfree of threats to become an ecotouristic destination,B but oka K otorska presents signifcant potential

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY KEY ISSUES FOR ECOTOURISM Natural andculturalresources Ecotourism supply/demand and complementary sectors and complementary and services forecotourism and services Stakeholder collaboration Infrastructures, buildings Public tourismstrategies, with touristicattraction land planningandlaws Conventional tourism IMPLEMENTATION Table 1. Feasibility inBoka assessmentofEcotourism Kotorska (BK) 5IF$".1QSPKFDU *OUFHSBUFE$PBTUBM;POF.BOBHFNFOU JTBOPQQPSUVOJUZUPCPPTUFDPUPVSJTNJO t .POUFOFHSPIBTEFWFMPQFETUSBUFHJFTGPSUPVSJTNEFWFMPQNFOU t t 1SPKFDUPGDBCMFDBS,PUPS-PWƥFO$FUJOKFDBOCPPTUFDPUPVSJTNJO-PWƥFO.PVOUBJO/BUJPOBM1BSL t 5IFSFBSFTFWFSBMHPPEFYBNQMFTPGQVCMJDGBDJMJUJFTGPSXJMEMJGFXBUDIJOHUPCFQSPNPUFE t t 5IFSFJTBMPXMFWFMPGDJUJ[FOFOHBHFNFOUBOEQBSUJDJQBUJPOJOQVCMJDBGGBJST t -BOEQMBOOJOHBOENBOBHFNFOUTPNFUJNFTQSJPSJUJTFTIPSUUFSNBOEQSJWBUFCFOFGJUTJOTUFBEPGFOTVSJOHt 0OFPGUIFCJHHFTUJOGSBTUSVDUVSFEFGJDJFODZGPSFDPUPVSJTNBSFUIFJOUFSQSFUBUJPOTJHOBMT t 5IFSFJTOPUFDIOJDBMBOEGJOBODJBMTVQQPSUGPSUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGJOGSBTUSVDUVSFT CVJMEJOHTBOETFSWJDFTt 5SBEJUJPOBMSVSBMTFUUMFNFOUTBOEDPNNVOJUJFTBSFCFJOHMPTU t 5IFSFBSFMBDLTPGLOPXMFEHFBOEBXBSFOFTTSFHBSEJOHOBUVSBMSFTPVSDFT t *OTVGGJDJFOUNBOBHFNFOUPGQSPUFDUFEBSFBT t t t &YUFSOBMUISFBUT t .BTTJWFUPVSJTUJDGMVYNBZQPTFFOWJSPONFOUBMDIBMMFOHFTUPUIFSFHJPO t 4PNFEFGJDJUTJOUIFUPVSJTNJOGSBTUSVDUVSFIBWFCFFOJEFOUJGJFE t &DPUPVSJTNJTOPUGVMMZVOEFSTUPPECZBMMTUBLFIPMEFST t /PMBOETUFXBSETIJQJOJUJBUJWFTIBWFCFFOJEFOUJGJFEJOUIFSFHJPOTPGBS t 5IFSFJTBMPXDVMUVSFPGOFUXPSLJOHBOEDPPQFSBUJPOBNPOHTUTUBLFIPMEFST t 1SJWBUFTUBLFIPMEFSTPOFDPUPVSJTNEPOPUIBWFTVGGJDJFOUJOWFTUNFOUDBQBDJUZ t 4DBSDFBWBJMBCMFBDDPNNPEBUJPOPVUPGUIFTVNNFSTFBTPOBQQSPQSJBUFGPSFDPUPVSJTUT t $PNQMFNFOUBSZBOETQFDJBMJ[FETFSWJDFT BOFDFTTBSZPGGFSUPCFJNQSPWFE t 5IFSFJTBMBDLBOENJTVOEFSTUBOEJOHPGQSPNPUJPOPG&DPUPVSJTNQSPEVDUT t .PTUPGUIFTUBLFIPMEFSTJO#PLB,PUPSTLBBMSFBEZLOPXFBDIPUIFS t $PMMBCPSBUJPOBNPOHTUTUBLFIPMEFSTJTPOUIFFQJDFOUSFPGFDPUPVSJTNQSPNPUJPO t t 5IFBDDFTTJPOQSPDFTTPG.POUFOFHSPJOUIF&6NBZIFMQSFJOGPSDJOHUIF&6NBSLFUPGUPVSJTUT t .BTTUPVSJTNBOEGPSFJHOJOWFTUNFOUTJGSFPSJFOUFEDBOCFBOPQQPSUVOJUZGPSFDPUPVSJTN t t t VOEFS IFSJUBHF DVMUVSBM PG MJOL UIF BSF #, JO FDPUPVSJTN CPPTU UP BUUSBDUJPOT FDPUPVSJTUJD LFZ 5IF t t .POUFOFHSPTEJWFSTJUZJTBLFZBTTFUGPSUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGFDPUPVSJTNFOUSFQSFOFVSTIJQ t ,PUPSDPVMECFBIVCUPDPOOFDUEJGGFSFOUFDPUPVSJTUJDTQPUTJO.POUFOFHSP t /PSUIFSO.POUFOFHSPIBTBMSFBEZDPOTPMJEBUFETPNFFDPUPVSJTNTVQQMZ t t There exists a risk of miss-planned management and lack of integration/coordination across different across integration/coordination of lack and management miss-planned of risk a exists There Moststakeholdersarereadyforecotourism,theyonlyneedtodothefirststepforward. K rsns wl-eeoe tuim etr n te odtos o eoe tp Mediterranean top a become to conditions the and sector tourism well-developed a presents BK BK offers a good combination of sea and mountain attractions, jointly with the rest of Montenegro of rest the with jointly attractions, mountain and sea of combination good a offers BK ThereisagrowingInternationalmarketforecotourism. Montenegro. Montenegro isthefirstdeclaredEcologicalStateinEurope(1991). Montenegro has about 6,000 km of attractive routes thanks to the “Wilderness Hiking & Biking” project. public interestandlong-termscope. scales ofplanning. the regioninmid-longterm. for ecotourismsofar. provoke irreversiblehabitatloss. cases some in and region the in threat major a is urbanisation massive and pollution Environmental destination allyearround. Ecotourism can contribute to reduce pressure to the coastal habitats and to recover values in the hinterland. sea bedhabitats. coastal/ and hinterland, rural areas, protected : and flora landscapes, with protection, UNESCO which alsooffernaturalsiteswithecotouristicattraction. DMJNBUFDIBOHF DPNQFUJUPST DPTUPGGVFMT FUD DBOEFUFSNJOFUIFGVUVSFPGUPVSJTNJO Strengths vs &Opportunities FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT:FEASIBILITY Weaknesses & Threats L J L J L J L J L J L J o vlae h ssanblt o eoors in ecotourism current of the sustainability regarding the considered, evaluate been To have ecotourism of principles sustainability main four the Kotorska Boka and desirable possible is ecotourism of Sustainability Contributes toimprove economy participation ofsmallbusinesses participation Minimising negative impactson Contributes topreserve natural Incorporates raisingawareness and environmental education population andpromotes the and qualityoflifelocal and localentrepreneurs Sustainability principle and culturaldiversity activities Table 2. inBoka assessmentofecotourism Sustainability Kotorska: current assessment; trends Business-as-Usual; and trends with an adequate ecotourism strategy.trends ecotourism Business-as-Usual;andtrends withanadequate Medium Medium Medium Medium High High High High Low Low Low Low n osrain cin o te aua ae vstd by visited area natural the ecotourists. of reinvested actions directly conservation resources in economic of Generation activities. Sometimes they also participate in conservation or research etc.). brochures, (guides, information quality high also receive values Ecotourists conservation. convey natural of that challenges and guides professional skilled Highly local foodproduction, etc.)allyear round. restaurants, (accommodation, services local related other boosts It sector. lead entrepreneurs and businesses Local about thecontextisexperienceof the visit. about the values and challenges of the area. The only input explanation or information any receive not do Ecotourists the foreign all by and controlled companies (extreme seasonality). also companies, are foreign services by complementary leaded is Sector public some on only stakeholdersinterested.policies andfew based indirect and passive more Low contribution to preserve natural and cultural diversity, ciiis r uuly n i gop ad generate and groups impact. big in environmental reduce to measures Scarce agglomerations. usually are Activities environmental measures butare notsufficient. some Preparation includes activities/services seasons. the of peak development and in massive be can Activities (peak season). economic activitythrough related services generate Moreover,to ones. potential little has activity the local by partially performed is activities of but execution the companies, foreign by offered services Contracting public several through strategies, NGOprojects andresearch activities. conservation to Contribution their challenges. some with informed and values cultural and natural be about information general can they not, are the they on If signposts field. some by informed be can Ecotourists environmental impact. minimise to measures several includes activities/services the of development Preparationand Avoidactivities. mass Degree ofsustainabilityecotourism h sco. al 2 hw te ere f utiaiiy of sustainability of ecotourism todayandforthenextfuture: degree the shows 2 Table sector. the faced for be the to sustainability challenges of the ecotourism is of when vision implementing qualitative assessment a have to this merely of purpose The strategy). with trendsecotourism in and future business-as-usual, next (trends the scenarios for two and Kotorska, Boka in situation situation Current K K L L K Business- as-Usual Trends L K L ecotourism strategy Trends J J J J with 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY have beenalready putintopractice. actions other some after executed be to recommendations, the long-term as expressed are during others some and years) enforced1-3 next be should they that (meaning term mid- and short- are recommendations Some oriented. should be strategy ecotourism this how of lines rough some draw strategies, main six for in structured following recommendations, The potential Montenegro. and Kotorska huge Boka for action plan and presents strategy ecotourism general Kotorska a following taken before Boka set be be should Action boost. should real a experience could ecotourism conditions some but ecotourism, inbokaof ecotourism kotorska Recommendations for future development where agglomerations. areas, rural in development options are limited particularly in comparison to the urban community, highly local is in it addition, development entrepreneurship positioning and Inbusiness for and important destination market. possible international as and the is differentiation especially on for ecotourism tendency tool growth of a high Sustainability with avoid to tends seasonality, that sector a to refers it because desirable t t t t t Short-andmid-termrecommendations(1-3years) 1. The need for a multiscale & multisectoral eeoig n apyn a taei Ato Plan Action Strategic a applying and Developing Promoting public participation (information new gathering, preventing by sprawl urban Controlling Assessment Environmental Strategic Incorporating therefore and Montenegro CAMP Implementing term monitoring. long- and change, acceptable of limits for standards of set a developing in participation local ecosystems, fragile of abuse deliberate prevent can that regulations strategies, zoning factors, environmental and social of data baseline on depend should plan new This 2020. to Strategy Development Tourism Montenegro the necessary) if updating (and to accordance in Tourism, Sustainable of wider Plan Action a Strategic a from view, of or, point Kotorska Boka in Ecotourism of plans, through information technologies. and strategies new of elaboration the in consultation) sensitive spots. in and area coastal the in especially sites, construction rural development,etc.). ecotourism and local tourism, to landscape, urbanisation, use, (land related topics in new instruments those public in particularly making, programme and plan policy, in perspective cross-sectoral a with (SEA) compact and unified a management systemandstructure. as ICZM consolidating strategy, planning & laws related to to related ecotourism laws & planning strategy,

Sound management of the main main the of management 2. Sound t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t Short-andmid-termrecommendations(1-3years) Long-termrecommendations (>3years) Evaluating properly the threats for natural and landscape Creating specific regulations to offer legal basis for the for basis legal offer to regulations specific Creating especially promotion, products local Supporting water roads, new as such infrastructures Developing transport, of means sustainable of use the Promoting promote to eco-tax managed properly a Creating Developing rural policies and strategies to recover rural Setting mechanisms that will be useful to guarantee that vulnerable in areas protected new Creating certain to visitors of frequency and access Regulating ships cruise of access the limiting and Regulating Evaluating properly the threats of the cable car between and natural the on research and knowledge Increasing and laws of violation the to sanctions severe Enforcing structures management stable financing and Creating the for available resources economic Increasing Long-term recommendations(>3years) eco-tourism serviceproviders. traditional ones(oliveoil,wine,seafood). the minimisationofenvironmentalimpacts. disposal, waste according to the energy, needs of every location systems, and prioritising sewage and supply car sharing…). especially bicycles and collective transport (buses, taxis, of protectedareas. that ecotourism contributes directly to the conservation guarantee to and tourism sustainable and ecotourism region. coastal the on pressure reduce and villages and areas protected areas. of conservation the to directly contributes ecotourism such asMountVrmacorLušticapeninsula. carrying scientific to capacity assessments. according areas, vulnerable entering atthebay,especiallyinhighseason. new possiblesettlements. and capacity carrying the also and , and Kotor Boka Kotorskaasaholeandfromstrategicview. futurevaluesallinvestmentsof tourismandprojects in programs. monitoring new through region the in values cultural rules regardingnatureandheritageconservation. encouraging privateengagement. Park, National new in and marsh salt Solila in management ofprotectedareas. ecotourism assetsintheregion t t t t t t Short-andmid-termrecommendations(1-3years) 3. t t t Short-andmid-termrecommendations(1-3years) ecotourism for Building 4. Capacity t t t Long-termrecommendations(>3years) Long-termrecommendations (>3years) t raig n ctuim uies nuao, offering incubator, business ecotourism an Creating salsig ehnss f ntttoa spot to support institutional of mechanisms Establishing on investments private and public new Enhancing start- ecotourism to support legal and fiscal Providing support charge of free offer to desk” “help a Creating Integrating ecotourism in the tourism education and education tourism the in ecotourism Integrating Creating training programs for tour guides in the rural Promoting international benchmarking on ecotourism methodologies share to mechanisms Establishing in workshops training specialised Developing Creating a database of entrepreneurs and ecotourism and entrepreneurs of database a Creating land and conservation biodiversity Considering land promoting and concept the Introducing the NationalandLocalgovernmentsuniversities. financialsupport, fund raising, assessment and support by and awardstoinnovation. innovation in the tourism sector through grants, prizes wildlife observation). for hides and shelters of network a creating (e.g. products and activities ecotourism new for a basis provide to infrastructure and facilities ecotourism ups aspartofagreeneconomystrategy. to related ecotourism. enterprises start-up and entrepreneurs to university offer. their services. into approach ecotourism the include to areas and exchangeprograms. and trust cooperation. on based initiatives, ecotourism amongst the quality ofecotourismproducts. ensure to and capacity sector private increase to order in skills language and business environmental, and toofferbestsolutionstheirneeds. development ecotourism monitor better to activities local help Responsibility objectives can that Social Eco Corporate approach implement or deliver businesses an as stewardship the in landowners conservation ofnaturalandculturalheritage. engage and to order programs in regulations, environmental within stewardship Support Support to ecotourism entrepreneurship initiatives t t t t Short-andmid-termrecommendations(1-3years) 5. amongststakeholders Networking t t t t t t t t t Short-andmid-termrecommendations(1-3years) 6. Promotion ofecotourism products t t Long-termrecommendations(>3years) osldtn a aaae f ctuim stakeholders, ecotourism of database a Consolidating feig ulc upr t te G sco i the in sector NGO the to support public Offering to related workshops and meetings debate Organising private and partnerships public/private Promoting explain to campaigns informative Promoting ecotourism monitor to group expert an Organising information available of databases online Elaborating programs professional University specific Developing nraig h efr ad eore ddctd to dedicated resources and effort the Increasing with map and brochure specific and Publishing ecotourists recruit to campaigns specific Creating and actions promotional ecotouristic all in Integrating to support institutional of mechanisms Establishing Creating an ecotourism umbrella association (network) companies investment and operators tour big Inviting promotion andexecutionofecotourismactivities. all stakeholders. ecotourism in order to set stronger connection between based on the sociogram included in this feasibility study. networking and sharing of knowledge and information. private the to agents business that carry out of tourist activities in line Boka Kotorska. new a as ecotourism activities andassessitsquality. issues, opentoallstakeholders. economic and social environmental, on resources and on ecotourism(mastersortrainingcourses). niomna euain o te oa population local the for education environmental and localtourismwebsites touristoffices. in Boka Kotorska, which should be available in national attractions ecotouristic main and products ecotourism tourism such asbeach,nautical,MICEandmedicaltourism. of types other with cooperation close more imply which etc.), cities, historical resorts, (marinas, demand of sources and centres tourist existing from spiritual heritage, values andlocalfoodproduction. cultural as values other products to promoteecotouristicactivitiesandproducts. local companies and administrations in Boka Kotorska and nationallevel. specialised offer stakeholders, services and have impact to all decision makers at the local contact in put to Boka Kotorska. in sector ecotourism the with cooperate and invest to 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 14 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY t t Long-termrecommendations(>3years) naig ainl ors Ognsto of Organisation Tourism National Engaging the by labels tourism sustainable of use the Promoting oo, O ecg oi T Tvt t cooperate to ) TO Novi, (TO Herceg TO organisations Kotor, tourism local and Montenegro Charter ofsustainabletourism. European the and standard ECOLABEL EU the to attention special with Kotorska, Boka in sector private protection inschoolactivities. through new campaigns and integrating environmental t t netkn ncsay tp t oti te Europarc the obtain to steps necessary Undertaking and local with campaign large-scale a out Carrying ors ofr A aktn pa o eoors in ecotourism of Montenegro couldbedevelopedandimplemented. plan marketing sustainable A and offer. responsible tourism a of be part should as Ecotourism promoted as destination. Montenegro ecotourism and an Kotorska Boka promote and National Park. &VSPQFBO$IBSUFSGPS4VTUBJOBCMF5PVSJTNJO-PWƥFO associated benefits. its and ecotourism know people let to media national 15 © RAC/SPA, Atef LIMAM 16 © RAC/SPA, Atef LIMAM coastal area ofMontenegro. the of (IZCM) management zone coastal integrated enable implementation of ecotourism in Boka Kotorska in order to the on recommendations with up comes study Kotor.The of in businesses and entrepreneurship ecotourism sector of potential the study analyses the Feasibilityassesses and Kotorska this Boka study in ecotourism questions, and tourism these This answer To produced. Kotorska been Boka has in development local for Ecotourism on and sustainableinBokaKotorska? developmentinthe region? Overall, will ecotourism befeasible Which recommendations address to made ecotourism be can stakeholders? What are the competitivesocio-culturally advantages ofandenvironmentally the region? viable? Who are themainand cultural heritage of Boka Kotorska? Can itEcotourism be economically, business can reduce the currenttakencanbebeginto the process threatsecotourismof needs development.to ecotourism the natural tentative that steps the of study development region, and the ecotourism in the However, potentialsocial requirements. assess the necessary for to is It certain conditions, economic, terms of environmental in and general desired the to sustainability ofthecoastalarea ofMontenegro. contributing thus conservation nature and a activity economic between balance delicate the of promotion and achieving help can ecotourism all, in All style. life healthier ecosystem marine natural environment, of preservation the in contribute also can It area. Kotorska Boka the as of development economic total agriculture as well areas: self-governance, following local the education, in ecology, effects positive with and can green contribute ecotourism of a Development of strategy. part economy blue Boka be in should ecotourism on and study activity, feasibility economic a Why desirable and good a is ecotourism 1.5), (see sections next in dealt be will As Montenegro)?Kotor, of (Bay Kotorska feasibilitystudy 1.1. Rationale andobjectives ofthe Sustainable the of Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). United agenda the from Initiative the Production and Development with Consumption line Sustainable in (MSSD), for by the support entrusted Strategy to been (MAP) Mediterranean has Plan Action task Mediterranean This the Kotorska. Boka Specially in for Centre developmentlocal for ecotourism of feasibility the on study Activity Regional (SCP/RAC), aiming at supporting the for CAMP Montenegro, Production promote this The Centre and Activity Consumption Regional Sustainable the and Areas, Protected ECOTOURISM INBOKAKOTORSKA? 1. INTRODUCTION: STUDY WHY ON A FEASIBILITY Theobjectives ofthestudyare: (Montenegro) 1.2. Studyarea: Boka Kotorska h by a be ihbtd ic atqiy Its antiquity. since inhabited been has surroundings, are majortourist attractions. bay Tivat, The , Kotor, of Pr , towns medieval preserved well worthy. andhistory all ofwhichhasitsown story Djordje,coast ofBoka there chainisa ofsmall towns andsettlements Sv. Skrpjela, od Milosrdja,Ostrvo Cvijeca Gospa and Mala Gospa. Along the whole Marko, Sv. , Kotorska:Boka in islandsseven southeast.are There the to KotorofBay northwestthe theand toRisan of Bay the are ofTivat.Bay the is bay the ofoutermost part The guards the main entrance to the . The inner bays Ontheseaward side, there istheBay ofHerceg Novi, which long, andcanbecrossed by aferryboat. m 300 only is Verigestrait, section, narrowestVerige. The Risan and and -Kumborski straits two Kotorwith connected are bay,which part, outer the form which Tivat, and Adriatic the from long km 28 about divide waters is of the bay into four smaller bays: Herceg bay Novi The NPVOUBJOTPG0SKFOPOUIFXFTUBOE-PWƥFOPOUIFFBTU  by Kotor.surrounded of is Itcity the of harbour the to Sea that surround it. mountains the to itself bay the from landscapes, of variety huge a in biodiversity,expressed rich a hosts area The km. 105,5 is and seashore mainland Kotor the of Novi,length total The HercegTivat. – coastal Boka three comprises is area study This feasibility Site. this Heritage of World UNESCO’s area as study The of the Montenegrin coast, part of which has been designated Kotorska (Bay of Kotor), one of the most renowned stretches cee ol b a eooial, oi-utrly and socio-culturally ecotourism environmentally viablehypothesisofdevelopment. economically, an an be whether would decide scheme The present to feasibility relevantstudy is intended to provide the useful to stakeholders, information objective and independent t t t o otiue o h IZ o te osa ae of area coastal the of ICZM the to contribute To the for recommendations and strategies present To To analyse the tourism sector and to assess the potential Montenegro. implementation ofecotourisminBokaKotorska of ecotourisminBokaKotorska. n ad ecg oi aog ih hi natural their with along Novi, Herceg and čanj 17 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 18 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? Map 1.Map Boka Kotorska region Source: http://www.bestofboka.com/ When it is about general macroeconomic situation, indicators unemployment) of data the (except all almost from revenues on depends greatly area this inPopulation Montenegro’s in area %). the (4.4 surface total of share the AccordingCensusto2011,Boka Kotorskain consideringthere number considerablyhigh is whichemployed, were 2.345 registered employees, or slightly above 13 % of total 1.2.2. Economicprofle When speaking of education structure, the highest of school share the while ), secondary on depending %, (54-58 completed with population had share of part populated most the is area coastal The in census population last the to According Montenegro. 1.2.1. Demographics Montenegro uiiaiyUkonNo education Unknown Municipality Herceg Novi Kotor Tivat Kotor Tivat Kotor Total Tivat Table 3. ofregion withaccompanying municipalities Overview andtheirmainindicators ciepplto N mlye N nmlyd%MNE Unemployed %MNE Employees %MNE Active population 12734 27389 8969 5686 114 89 74 Table 4. by degreeeducation ofpopulation The highest municipalities Number 67496 14031 22601 30864 Table 5. Active andemployment population by municipality Population 217 210 154 11,81 5,49 3,87 2,45 % MNE 10,9 2,3 3,6 5,0 primary school primary Incomplete 1322 1112 547 10763 23045 7572 4710 r aalbe ny n ainl ee. hs idctr are indicators presented intable6. Those level. national on only available are 82.84 %,Kotor 84,42%andHerceg Novi 84.52%). activetheofpopulation employedis municipalities(by Tivat 423 Novi- (Herceg of average national around range Tivat, of exception contributionswitharea,andtaxes this included, no in with tourism.According Monstatto datafor2013, average wages, of 21-24%,dependingonmunicipality. limits within range education higher/high with population from entire % populationinMontenegro. 10.9 makes which people, 67.496 live Kotorska (about people 148.683 were there 2011), (Monstat, Montenegro km 616 335 235 46 of total population) living in this region. In Boka Inregion. this in living population) total of ¼ Primary school 2 3352 2800 1627 13,15 6,14 4,32 2,69 Area € , Kotor - 483€ - Kotor , % MNE Source: Monstat, Population Census2011 Source: Monstat, Population Census2011 Source: Monstat, Population Census2011 4,4 0,3 2,4 1,7 Secondary school 15012 10131 6738 1971 1397 4344 976 , Tivat - 798€ - Tivat,

Population/km Higher and high education 305.0 131.3 67.5 5773 4482 2416 ). 84.14).% 3,47 2,46 1,72 7,65 € 485 2 19 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 20 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? (1) areasrural are dividedinfive groups: Kotorska Boka cities. bigger near valleys the in density,equipment and population construction of low concentration and settlements presentspread Montenegro, low other with of defined in are Montenegro as parts in Kotorska, areas Rural Boka in areas and rural agriculture Local forestry. in employed mainly density population 1.2.3. Ruraldevelopment in noted and 2011year. was 2010 in decrease slight increase the after investment direct foreign Significant import. than times lower 4 was export its while dependable import- became employees economy Montenegrin sector. service the the in recorded were of Most increased. employees of 2011 number In sector. private in reduction the following sector public in employees of number the of decrees to due 2010 in reduced been has employees of Number noted. been has GDP in % 2,6 of increase the when 2013 in recession of and and final end technology communication) information yearlong retail, tourism, two sectors: in of the (specifically period by recuperation followed development been has which % Montenegrin economic 5,7 by the the on noted been has in reflected GDP in decrease a time, that At economy. had Overturn crisis economic of Montenegro has been noted in 2009 when the consequences Data refering to January -December 2013. -GDP(Gross Product- toJanuary Domestic refering Data value). estimated -November 2013. toJanuary refering Data -(un)employees ; (Foreign Direct Investments) ; Industry Industry production (growth %) International debtMNE(mil.€) - Data refering to January -September2013. -infation, to January refering Data production, industrial debt, international andinport, export FDI ua aes oae na hgl ubnzd ra and areas urbanized highly near located areas Rural towns ; Number ofunemployed Real GDPgrowth (%) GDP percapita(in€) Number ofemployees Import (inmil.€) Export (inmil.€) Export GDP (mil.€) Inflation Table 6. inMontenegro, Macroeconomic indicators 2008-2013 6.2 7.5 6.4 6.8 6.3 167.607 166.531 163.082 161.742 174.152 166.221 .8, .8, .0, .3, .4, 3.311,0 3.148,9 3.234,0 3.104,0 2.981,0 3.085,6 .2, .5, .5, .2, .2, 1.299,7 1.820,9 1.823,2 1.657,3 1.654,2 2.529,7 9552.8 1843.6 01234.680 30.182 30.869 31.864 28.385 29.535 .0 .2 .0 1 .7 5.340 5.079 5216 5.006 4.720 4.908 1, 7, 3, 5, 6, 305,4 366,9 1.363,9 1.295,0 454,4 1.063,7 330,4 912,4 277,0 699,9 416,2 481,7 ,%-,%25 ,%-,%2,6% -2,5% 3,2% 2,5% -5,7% 6,9% 0820 0021 022013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 20-221, 1, 718,8 -7,1 -10,5 17,5 -32,2 -2,0 , , , , , 1,1 5,1 3,0 0,7 1,5 6,9 codn t te ouain ess rm 2009, from census population the followed byKotor(Fig.1). to According is agriculture in from Boka employed Kotorska. Majority of them is from Herceg population Novi entire of % 2.16 - - - - Rural areas with mixed activities (mainly agriculture, (mainly activities mixed with areas Rural Ruraltouristicareas; ady ecal rrl ra i hls n mountain and hills in areas rural reachable Hardly Mainlyagricultureruralareas; but alsotourism,industry,services,etc.); cattle breeding. intense and forestry are activities typical where areas, in agriculture inBokain agriculture Kotorska, by municipalities Figure 1. ofpeople employed Distribution Sources: Monstat, CentralBankofMontenegro Source: Population Census2011;Monstat (1) rm 30 From 1.3.2.WorkshoponEcotourism been described. and the current situation and perspectives of this sector have Kotorska and Montenegro has been gathered and delivered, Boka in ecotourism to related issues key about information feasibility the of input an as the ecotourism research, of sector in Boka Kotorska. potential desk In those terms, existing and The situation current the of overview an obtain to information analyse and identify to aims study, main the describe sections following 1.3.1.Deskresearch The methodological milestonesofthefeasibilitystudy: tasks of the study, two field visits have been made during the coordination the of part As Montenegro. for relevant most the as selected be to practice and In knowledge methodology, 2014. ecotourism available best May gathered has study the during addition, stakeholders previously to relevant interviews data and identified existing surveys on of set based a is and study 2014, feasibility This January a in Kotor in namely held ecotourism on process, focused workshop participative brief a of results the and ofinformation 1.3. Methodologyandmainsources f h eoors sco i Bk Ktrk: oa eco- local The workshop was aimed at the main stakeholders Kotorska: Boka in sector ecotourism the of Boka Kotorska. in development local for strategy a as ecotourism promote and academic where professional debates took place to define the critical workshop issues to international an hosted Desk research: dataanalysis Stakeholders identification Parallel research onICZM Coordination ofthestudy Workshop onEcotourism Feasibility studywriting Workshop proceedings Workshop preparation Survey &interviews Document review th aur t 1 to January st etOct Sept eray 04 Kotor 2014, February 2013 Nov e a e a p a June May Apr Mar Feb Jan Dec h floig al sos h clna o tasks of calendar the shows table following The undertaken duringtheelaborationofstudy. a a offer after to complete visionofecotourisminBokaKotorska. knowledge produced available been best the has bring to study abroad, the Overall, and Montenegro from both an experts, of team of international work multidisciplinary a and process participative on the field some of the findings and proposals of the study. and the second one at the final stage of the study, to confirm elaboration of the study, one coinciding with the workshop, In particular,thesewerethedetailedobjectives: helped line participants. among in interaction and networking encourage which examples, practical applying by it best illustrate and share sector, ecotourism to the on was entrepreneurship workshop the of project a undertake of to methodology provide to as way a aim The boost ecotourism. The workshop was also developed in such to strategies define and analysis SWOT a obtain practices, this field. in practice level country and entrepreneurship the both for practices good and ecotourism on knowledge information, of amount actively vast with workshop All the providing participated bodies. international and centres university NGOs, authorities, public agencies, travel entrepreneurs, t t o rvd a ehdlg t udrae project a undertake to methodology a provide To the of tool involvement and diagnosis a as serve To in theregion. to example: practical a identify lines of action to for the promotion of applying ecotourism by and it sector, illustrate ecotourism the on entrepreneurship of the on ecotourism sectorinBokaKotorska. study feasibility the with stakeholders main t 2014 * Field visitsandmeetings t 21 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 22 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? Some of the identified stakeholders are described are stakeholders identified the of Some Feasibility study. the of annex an as available is list full a and 3.5 section in non-profit organisations and centres,international bodies. research and universities institutions, public and private identifying prepared, was stakeholders of exhaustivelistan developed, andsociogramwas a so, do the crucial.To Kotorskais Bokaecotourism developmentin inof incidence identify relevant have To may ecotourism. that stakeholders the of and development organisations the are in impact stakeholders themselves Ecotourismstrong a by have can influence of which capacity their of because private, or and public both entities, ecotourismstakeholders 1.3.3.Identificationofrelevant annex totheFeasibilityStudy. together put an were as included workshop are proceedings the workshop The of Workshop. results The the in involved experts other and attendees the by endorsed proceedings) (Workshop document a on summarised and t t o norg ntokn ad neato among interaction and networking encourage To of studies case through participants inspire To Interviews Surveys participants, in order to build lasting relationships for relationships lasting build to order in participants, environment. possible, the development of the workshop in a natural if and, ecotourism, international and local successful AM PM Table 7. andinterviews Participationfor thesurveys andnumber ofparticipants period Institutional presentation Institutional presentation Theoretical introduction Theoretical introduction Thursday 30 (Workshop) th Jan 19 12 th th May –23 May –16 Period critical issuesandstakeholder rd th Working Groups Session: Working Groups Session: June 2014 May 2014 Friday 31 identification (Workshop) diagnosis h wrso to pae n oe Ctao and Cattaro Hotel in place took workshop The following tablesummarizesthescheduleofworkshop. The English. in delivered was and Kotor, of Hall Town the h ue f uvy (uniaie methodology)was completed. (quantitative surveys of use methodology), the triangulation The of social research techniques complementary having results, allowed and with methodology) the (qualitativeWorkshop (a interviews deliberative and notes oftheinterviewtofacilitateitslatertranscription). as interviewer with the supportsurvey. of anThe assistantinterviews as wererapporteur Beforeperformedeach (takinginterview, by anthe intervieweeexpert onhad questionnaire. tolineecotourismanswer interviewsthe on-line The conducted were personally. with conducted were interviews stakeholders wereinterviewedduringthisphaseofthestudy. and surveys The identified,as already mentioned. Section 3.5 indicates which previouslylevel)national and localstakeholdersrelevant (at to designed were interviews of obtained duringtheWorkshoponEcotourism. set results a and the survey A validate and contrast and the phase, research during desk collected information available the complete 1.3.4.Surveysandinterviews st Jan boost thesectoringeneral. to and study feasibility the to contribution the both The survey was posted in the Internet through an on- an through Internet the in posted was survey The Project presentation Multistakeholders Working Groups Session: entrepreneurial projects (Stakeholders Day) Saturday 1 Closing session Round Table Participants 50 15 st Feb h Catl ra aaeet Programme Management Area Coastal The and level,national and local at ICZMintroduce to aiming Mediterraneanthe(CAMP)is Action(MAP) initiativePlan sustainable developmentwithoutdegradingtheenvironment. environmentalrisks and ecological scarcities, and that aims for economy,understood economyanas that results reducingin economic,socialenvironmental,and advocatesand greenfor considersbalancesand threethedimensions sustainability:of attemptachieveto sustainability. (ICZM)Thismanagement approach coastal Management the Zone including anzone, geographical political of an boundaries, and Coastal in using aspects Integrated coast all the regarding of approach, management integrated the for process a is vv Programme (CAMP)Montenegro (ICZM) and 1.4. Coastal Integrated Area ManagementCoastal Zone Management Map 2.Map Areas covered by CAMP Montenegro Source: http://www.camp.mrt.gov.me/index.php/o-camp-u/projektno-podrucje figure (Map2)showstheprojectareaofCAMP. Boka).followingofTheBaythe whichin105,5(out of km Bar and - with a total surface of 1,591 km six coastal municipalities - Herceg Novi, Kotor, Tivat, , Montenegro region. CAMP Thus, the CAMP Montenegro the project area comprises by systemic entire coveredthe for same the areareascoastal the development areas the of The because area coastalproblemsthat need addressedbeto ensureto thesustainable entire the comprise and managementoftheMediterraneancoastalareas. principles of sustainable development and integrated planning and international funding institutions. CAMP is authorities based localon the and national PAP/RAC), Centre, Activity Programme/RegionalActionsPriority (the CentresActivity Regional its and MAP between effort collaborative a is It supportto institutional strengthening andcapacity building. km 2,500 around of surface the with seaterritorial and waters 2 . The total length of the mainlandtotalthelengthTheofseashore 288,2 .km is 2 and internal 23 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 24 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? (2) The main objectives of the CAMP are: Among the objectives of the CAMPs there is is there CAMPs the of objectives the Among contributing strategies sustainable of development the t t t t ICZMProtocol, in December2011undertheBarcelona Convention.. ratifed Toensurewideruseofresultsachievedintheregion. national local, at building capacity to contribute To Toapplyrelevantmethodologiesandinstruments; and strategies development sustainable develop To specialreference tonutrientinputsfrom diffusesources, ecosystemvaluation andgreen entrepreneurship 3. Realisation ofthepilotproject ontestingtheEcosystem Approach Kotorska (ECAP)applicationinBoka by makingthe 2.3.Facilitating implementationofICZMProtocol principlesinfinal CASPandSEAformulation 2.2.Recommendations forselectedICZMmeasures, ofitsimplementation/adaptation includingcoastalsetbackelaborationwithrules 2.1.Proposal oftheICZMinstitutional-legislative frameworksetup in coastalzone ofMontenegro 2. ICZMframework setup 1.6 ContributiontocoastalGISdatabasewithindicatorsasacore future coastalmonitoringobservatory 1.5 Recommendations tostrengthen beachmanagementsysteminMontenegro capacity,1.4 Inputs forcoastalcarrying especiallyregarding thecapacitiesinsectoroftourismdevelopment 1.3 Coastalvulnerability, attractiveness andsuitabilityassessment 1.2 Preparation ofsectoralbaselinestudiesselectedcoastalsubsystems 1.1 AnalysisofimplicationstheICZMProtocol forspatial planning 1. Support fortheICZMStrategy/Plan andCoastalArea Spatial Plan (CASP)ofMontenegro and regionallevel; the of implementation on Protocol onICZMintheMediterranean emphasis special with procedures in the areas that fall within projects’ scopes, Table 8. CAMP Montenegro Activities (2) ; f re eooy n ta cn fe sltos o the to and otherconventionaltourismactivities. solutions offer can mass-tourism by posed challenges that social and environmental and economy CAMP be green can of by ecotourism planned definition regard, the into falls that activity tourism a as that presented tourism activities To on vulnerability. the focus and a Amongst capacity carrying is coastal the with balance there in development 8), (Table Montenegro man-made and natural environment. of quality the of and area the of regional base resource of and preservation through primarily development national potential, maintaining at local, attention special at with level building capacity to Source: http://www.camp.mrt.gov.me In spite that ecotourism can be practiced in any in practiced be can ecotourism national andnaturalparks. that spite In as such areas, protected legally in often more place takes it interest, of degree certain a with landscape or area natural spectacular orunusualgeologicalforms,andsoforth. landscapes, colourful particular or singular pristine,interesting aspect, a with or ecosystems rare watch, to difficult or different ecotourist, the ofremarkable motivationarespecieswhichplantlandscape; theoranimal main The enjoy and learn about the diverse manifestations of nature and from that of other tourists that also visit natural areas, is to see, QuebecSummit-web.pdf. (6) (5) (4) (3) (UNWTO) Organization Tourism World The characteristics following the with tourism of form a as ecotourism defines economic involvementoflocalpeoples”. socio- active beneficially for provide and impact visitor low a have conservation, features, promote that of present) cultural and past Conservation both accompanying for (and Union nature and enjoy International appreciate to order The in areas, natural to travel responsible “Environmentally as ecotourism describes (IUCN) Nature anddevelopment 1.5. Ecotourism, a driver of conservation t t t t t More information: http://www.ecotourism-network.eu/en-ecotourism-standard/en-the--eco-label-stand. More information: Source: World Tourism Organization (2001). Market –SpecialReport. Ecotourism The British http://www.ecotourism-network.eu. oe nomto aot h Wrd ctuim umt http://www.unwto.org/sdt/IYE/IYE/quebec/anglais/Final-Report- Summit: Ecotourism World The about information More l ntr-ae frs f ors i wih h main the which in tourism of nature-based forms All Itsupportstheprotectionofnaturalareasby: and natural the on impacts negative minimizes It for organised exclusively, not but generally, is It Itcontainseducationalandinterpretationfeatures. socio-cultural environment. tours, ecotourism generally forsmallgroups. market also and/or sizes operate varying organize, of operators Foreign businesses. owned locally small and specialized by groups small UNWTO talksaboutbiodiversitybasedtourism. and prevailingnatural observationin areas. thisInsense, someinstudies the is appreciationtraditionalthe touristsnaturewellas ofas cultures the of motivation t t t increasing awareness both among locals and tourists and locals among both awareness increasing local for opportunities income and jobs creating communities, host for benefits economic generating of theneedtoconservenaturalandculturalassets. communities; and conserving naturalareas; organizations and authorities that are responsible for (3) : principles and priorities for the future development and and management ofecotourism development future the for priorities and agreed some principles identify and other each from learn to them enable and ecotourism, in interest an with individuals and institutions academic communities, of indigenous and representatives local enterprises, tourism NGOs, agencies, international governments, together bring to was Summit the of purpose The event. principal the was May, 22 to 19 from Canada City, Quebec in held Summit, Ecotourism World The levels, local and regional national, global, the at undertaken of activities many the Among year. that during co-ordination level international the and at undertaken be to preparation activities some the in (UNEP) forces Programme agencies, joined Environment Nations United the and international (WTO) Organisation Tourism World The activities. requested United and governments the private sector to supportive undertake the importance, global its Development Recognising Sustainable on Commission its and Ecotourism, of Year the as 2002 year the designated Nations an EETLS-compliance sign integrated in the existing labels. existing for possibility the offering to certification, quality ecotourism of dimension complimentary -wide a provide to aims EETLS The is requirements. EETLS own their adjust hopefully, and, benchmark The that can be used by certification schemes and quality labels to certification schemes, setting minimum acceptable standards services. and indicators criteria that are of suitable for set ensuring quality a of ecotourism to leading practice documented best international that process consultation and development for European Ecotourism. The Criteria, EETLS is the result of a lengthy Tourism Sustainable Global the of lines the EL -h Erpa Eoors Labelling Ecotourism European -the EETLS Standard- tools developedbytheECOLNETproject. evaluation quality the and resources EEN training the operations. supports unsustainable and green-washing time baseline ensures that initiative standards of quality in an ecotourism while avoiding at - the same (EETLS) Standard Labelling Ecotourism European the of implementation and practitioners, ecotourism of academics benefit and policy makers. the EEN supports the for development experience and knowledge of transfer the facilitate and Europe across stakeholders ecotourism connect to sustainability Europe is target and Their in conservation effort. services genuine a ecotourism to that contribute ensure to aiming t uoen ee, hr i Te European The is there level, European At (EEN) Network Ecotourism (6) is a baseline quality standard developed along developed standard quality baseline a is (4) (5) . , a network of organisations of network a , International International 25 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 26 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? This is easily explained by the fact that a tourist a that fact the by explained easily is This activities ecotourist belong to likely more are that of activities other with coupled collection a include can package differentiation conceptual of need between the ecotourism andothermodalitiesmustbestressed. relationship Despite the environment, rural and the natural in place take that modalities tourist other of front in environment andhostcommunities”. the industry, the visitors, of needs the addressing impacts, environmental and social economic, future and current its (8) (7) tourism defines sustainable often UNWTO modalities. not tourism are other that by observed resources natural of conservation of and sustainability of principles of the number a guarantees of integration applied– and developed correctly is it ecotourism that –if though, true, is It forth. active so and sustainable tourism tourism, urban cultural sustainable sustainable tourism, tourism, rural sustainable about talk could we sense, this In forms. alternative and conventional activities, operations, establishments and projects, including tourism of types all to apply should tourism) (sustainable segment a to refers within the tourism sector, while the sustainability principles itself ecotourism term the tourism: sustainable and ecotourism of concepts confused the often between is made ecotourism hand, other the On ecotourism? as thing same tourism. sustainable with environments andactivities. rural with contact into come to intended mainly is which involve some risk. The same can be said about rural tourism, cases, some in which, intensity, physical certain a of sports active of case the in tourism (or adventure tourism), it is to but do different kinds of them of part are that elements The main difference between ecotourism and other Ecotourists want to visit natural areas and watch the natural travel. to ecotourists motivate what is modalities touristic requirements clearlydifferentfromthoseofecotourism. and motivations with modalities other also but ecotourism include and environment natural the in place take also that natural based tourism usually refers to a set of modalities of nature tourism term the the However, tourism. based in nature concept practiced are the under studies some in grouped been have environment that different modalities fact, In tourist environment). natural (the place take they where scenario the to share all understandable they since extent is certain confusion There is often confusion between This ecotourism, rural modalities. tourist different being them of spite in tourism, active and tourism other types of tourism and 1.5.1. Relationship of ecotourism to Royal Societyfor Protection of Birds (2011). Foundations. Natural andlocalemployment intheUK. Conservation Source: World Tourism Organization (2005). sustainabletourism (7) as “tourism that takes full account of account full takes that “tourism as cer itnto sol be should distinction clear A s utial tuim the tourism sustainable Is MakingTourismMore Sustainable–AGuideforPolicy Makers. activities. a with tourist existing other complement promoted or restructure to strategy further be could ecotourism others. way among This tourism gastronomic or cultural rural, to supported in2002(RSPB,2011) to were that number visits the times by three 2009, Birds in supported reserves RSPB of were Protection jobs for FTE local Society 1,000 Royal Over to around Visits 2009. and from 2005 between million, %, 2 almost to 38 million 1.5 staggering a grew reserves (RSPB) growing yearbyyear. is importance its and significant is economy the to tourism nature of contribution The jobs. FTE 39,000 and year per that nature-based tourism supports spending of £1.5 billion estimated currently is it Scotland, In UK. the across output economic of billion 27.5 £ over and jobs (FTE) Equivalent Time Full 750,000 almost supports environment natural the that shown have studies 2.4 Recent trips. £ these natural on billion estimated an the spending visitors with to environment, taken population participated in an estimated 2.86 billion adult trips visits to the natural English and the % 2009/10, 9.2 In 2005 UK period. by this declining in between trips Domestic tourism % general despite 10 2009, by increased environment exports intheU.S.over$100,000million. segments of the tourism industry - 20 % per year) with annual largest industry (growing three times more quickly than other that,itisconsidered thefastest growing sector intheworld’s could mean It around rate.30 % increaseof world highest tourism theactivities. with Beyond sector tourist the be will ecotourism2020 inOrganisation (WTO),TourismWorld the to According limited. be can opportunities economic within remote, rural or coastal communities where alternative mostemploymentopportunities,thriving diverseoften and impacts conservation that way significant notable levels most of spending, The high business start-up potential by characterised is industry tourism The nature. to related positively upon employment and incomes ecotourismmarket is through tourism 1.5.2.AglancetotheInternational global trendsleadingtoecotourismare: (TIES), Society Ecotourism International the to According t t t asv dsaifcin ih h smlsi travel simplistic the with dissatisfaction Massive areas natural to vacations of popularity in Growth Increasedintheoveralltravel market; educative andchallengingvacations ; more for desire a and firms travel by offered packages in parks to rates developing countries; growth dramatic particularly – (8) . (10) (9) factors-infuencing-destination-choice/. and relatives’recommendation.” markets said they 30+ choose their destination based on “friends from tourists international destination 15,000+ of % travellers’ 38 choice, international influencing world evolving factors, constantly at looked today’s Global which the TRAVELSAT, in by to Survey seems, Benchmarking According It other.” each “from answer decidedly the is media, social and communications online of destination choice What travel consumers are demanding? Factors influencing “Trusting peers is not only a very human response; it’s sales leading many so When response. media 2.0/social Web a whereas mostrankedadvertisinglastintermsofinfluence. respondents, many as half by influential” “very as seen also were blogs” and websites on reviews “Traveller vacation. a of “word and mouth from friends” to be “very influential” when reviews planning peer see they said respondents half by the Almost . by influenced environmentally much so not are and other, today each and consumers of travel, socially areas responsible the regarding in seen motivations be can trend same purchasing their about States United the across from adults The 2,768 surveyed which Green CMI by 2010 Report Study Traveller to According tourism. sustainable and ecotourism t t t About Tourism – “Top Factors Infuencing Destination Choice” (2011): https://aboutourism.wordpress.com/2011/10/03/top- rvd epomn ad te aeus f income of avenues other and employment Provide the within tourism of importance the of Recognition Urgent need to generate funding and human resources T Some factsofECST: development and the management of an area’s natural and cultural heritage. It is promoted by Europarc Federation. The European Charter for Sustainable Tourism (ECST) in protected areas builds partnerships to improve sustainable t t t t t he Rise of the Awakening Consumer –SevenRules Infuence Today’sMostInfuential Consumers, ed.he Riseofthe to JCDarne(2011)

often located. are resources ecotourism where communities rural to field ofsustainabledevelopment; that meet theneedsoflocalruralpopulations; ways in areas protected of management the for 4 Mpeople(97304/area)liveinsideprotectedareaswheretourism ismanagedsustainably. 441 M deliver to partnership in working sustainable tourismandnatureconservation. are Europe across average) on area / organisations local (61 organisations 3206 local productsandtraditionstotourismmarketplace. Bringing principles. tourism sustainable under operating businesses and parks by supported are products local 700 how sustainabletourismcanworkinpractise. 73 M people € (1.8 M (1.5M visitors/park on average) visit European Charter protected areas annually. A great audience to see €/ park/year) are invested by Charter protected areas to accomplish their sustainable tourism actions. Table 9. for Sustainable The EuropeanTourism. Charter Somefacts (9)

Source: Europarc Federation (2013). available Detailedinformation here: http://www.europarc.org. the experience. for and place the or destination the of authenticity the for sustainability, they expect it to be sustainable but they travel for travel not do People itself. story the not but story, the business of part still is the Sustainability themselves. experience the and into embedded practices not sustainability are and however, consumers, conscious experiences those have to having to purchase of stage the in These traveller has advanced past looking for green travel products interested in hearing only about sustainability practices. The with thesustainabilityofproperty. concerns any express and experience their on back report can travel of consumers whereby loop” “feedback a include sites These travel. sustainable more in demand and interest consumer assist to sites green travel launched have few, a name to sustainabletrip.org) (see Alliance and Guide), Travel Green (e.g., Expedia program), Good for Travel (e.g., Travelocity sites. booking travel on resources travel green of number increasing the by evident is trend substantiated, and are hungry for credible information. This of green-washing or sustainability claims that weary cannot clearly be are with, identify can they brands and products em s “ as Green Team firm marketing travel leading the by identified (or, own informed their with line in are values whose well course, brands and companies of support who without, today’s consumers These - quality. on compromising conscious options Increasingly, responsible environmentally socially and demanding are consumers Traveller StudyReport2010). business. of order first company’s travel is every experience sustainable thoroughly and unique rewarding, positive, a customer the giving overnight, viral go can opinion negative a where world a In well. as choices travel green their sites offer peer reviews and discussion, customers look for that in h Aaeig Consumer Awakening The ” (10) (M Green (CMI ” ae seeking are ) . 27 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 28 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? many times in the “ the in times many mentioned is tourism quality for region and important most responsible the sustainable, to comes it When eco-tourism official no policy implemented at the is moment by that region. there Anyhow, (Lazio), Italy in tourism tourism” or “ecotourism”. there is no provision Nevertheless,in the nation. Plan the offor growth theengagement onto latch to Italyof “sustainable new jobs, and to offer an unrepeatable opportunitygive backto theSouthern leadership to Italy “ in the tourism Italy: sector,South Jobs, to in createLeadership, up drawn was tourism November 17 (the only available official document at present, approved on (11) new the of ambitions The Biodiversity 2011-2020areto: preserve biodiversity. environment. Finally, this activity is a source of financing to the about education and awareness public’s the increasing of means a also is Ecotourism region. home their in remain and crafts) (accommodation, activities develop to heritage) cultural and natural their of trustees the considered be (to monuments and sites). Ecotourism enables local populations and 1930 for the protection of natural monuments, historic after 1913 1906, only in (laws heritage of about value the revealed tourism came infrastructures tourism and sites to compare withMontenegroPolicieshasbeendone. countries relevant most the highlighting benchmark a or sustainable tourism. Departing from that valuableand/ ecotourism concerning actions and initiatives undergoing document publicpolicies concerning nature-based tourism and the main projecthasbeendeveloped. describesIt thestate-of-the-art of MEET the countries involved in theecotourism policies in participatingin the project, a pre-report of a survey of existing Tounderstand theecotourism policy (MEET) context ofeach country Eco-Tourism” implementedpartnershipa by nine of Mediterraneanof During 2013-2015bodies. period Experience the European Programme“Mediterranean project the funding is basin” “Mediterranean ENPI-CBC Mediterraneancountries andbiodiversitypoliciesin 1.5.3.Benchmarkingofecotourism - - - Succeed in getting everyone from all sectors of activity of sectors all from everyone getting in Succeed Ensureitisusedinasustainableand fairway; Preserve,restore,reinforceandenhance biodiversity; Source: –MEEThttp://www.medecotourism.org/ ofEcotourism The MediterraneanExperience involved. n 03 Srtgc ln o te development of the for Plan Strategic a 2013 In Italy (LazioRegion) itrcly n rne cnevto o natural of conservation , in Historically France th 2010) even though the subject “ecotourism” Regional Tourism Plan 2011 - 2013 - 2011 Plan Tourism Regional ”. It has mainlyobjectives:threehas It to ”. tla Tuim 2020: TourismItalian National Strategy for Strategy National (11) ” The maingoalsofthismanagementplanare: Regarding protected. Catalan is region, territory it its has of been 100 also per endorsed 30 nearly were 2016, Management Plan of Protected Areas in Catalonia 2014- h fu bsc rnils f h Gek National Greek the of principles basic four The Strategy forTourismaresummarizedasfollow: competitiveness. and extraversion the greater supporting extend of by season, to tourism objective the primary and The provided tourism services the Greece’s upgrade enrich to product, to is 2011-2013 Tourism for Recently was endorsed a sectorial planaims: 2014-2020 Biodiversity and Tourism peak incertainperiodsoftheyear. which tourists, of number the and gains economic the of concentration excessive or seasonality avoiding of objective in initiated particularly, has the tourism sector. This process debate had in mind the a years, and, economy of few sectors many of last reconversion of moment the In a in landscape, and heritage natural the on targeted Spain, Spain(andCataloniaRegion) for model tourist new a about debate and evaluate to order binding andineffectiveway. that is unfortunately described in a very slight, confused, not item cross-sectional a as appears but treated directly not is t t t t t t t t eeoig fntoa ad oen institutional modern and functional a Developing To integrate conservation objectives in tourism policy tourism in objectives conservation integrate To to value added as tourism sustainable a promote To Tovaluebiodiversitythroughnaturetourism; teghnn eternusi b facilitating by entrepreneurship Strengthening To apply the principle of multi-functional management activities of management sustainable guarantee To of enhancement and conservation the ensure To ewr o poetd ra i te ol, o which to world, Spain contributeswitha27per100ofitsterritory. the in areas protected of network largest the Network, 2000 Natura the promote to and socio- economic improvementofruralpopulations; a with conservation environmental integrate investments andutilizingthefunds ofNSRF; framework for tourism and alternative forms of tourism ; as atoolforconservation. social and role preservation their natural development ; strength both to improve areas, to those in developed of areas natural of special protection; biodiversity and values natural Greece Sectorial Plan on Nature (June 2014). This 2014). (June ainl Strategy National h Cpu Tuim raiain rfe the drafted Organization Tourism Cyprus The successfully and advantages competitive Cyprus’ promote 2011-2015 Strategy Tourism Cyprus 2016 someenvironmentalgoalsaredeveloped: t t t t t t t D. G. C. B. A. E. F. o oio te ors idsr ad ae necessary take and industry tourism the monitor To low- a to contribute and use resource minimize To o civ bte qaiy f ie n ra aes a it as areas, urban in life of quality better achieve to To give added value to build a natural heritage thereby only not environment and tourism that ensure To Investinginhumanresources. Ensuringhighqualityofinfrastructureandservices; established bygovernment. regulations and permits as developed are being that currently plans management area protected the with line in be to have activities tourism areas; protected as such areas sensitive ecologically and biodiversity on rich especially the environment, reduce the on to impacts and negative pollution mitigate to measures carbon, eco-efficientandresourceefficienteconomy; improves thequalityoftouristexperience; ensuring theirprotection; and other each complement contribute toeachother’swell-being; actually but coexist Cyprus ihn the Within Malta Nature conservation Local communities and infrastructures Facilities, services Cultural heritage Management Component Monitoring Marketing Table 10. product areas oractivityinnatural anecotourism describe Componentsthat ainl ors Srtg 2012- Strategy Tourism National tourist visitsonnaturalareas. Understood asthemonitoringoftourism,touristsprofile andoftheimpact heritage. Understood andpromotion asthepreservation oftangibleandintangiblecultural For exampleenvironmental educationorvolunteer programs. Understood asactivitiesthatbringbenefitsintermsofnature conservation. the BPactions. Understood bothastheinvolvement ofthem,and atthesametimeasbeneficiariesof activities andproducts todifferent targets. Understood asthecommercialization methodsusedtopromote andselleco-tourism specific standards andregulations. Understood asplansandprograms thataffectnaturalareas ofthem,aswell as orparts related tocateringandaccommodation. tovisitors,services guideservices services, information to facilitatetheirenjoyment: infrastructure andmobilityservices, transport Understood andtheinfrastructures available forthevisitoftourists, asalltheservices to distinguish and distinguish to Source: from (MEET) project, Adapted of Ecotourism The MediterraneanExperience 2014. nac te niomn ad utr. h am o the of and aims Strategy are: The respect culture. and environment to the enhance principles sustainability incorporating chain, value tourism the of links all marketing, in quality and development, services product on focuses it such, As experience. tourism quality high and multi-dimensional a providing of aim the with map, tourist the on it reposition h floig als Tbe 1-5 cnan a contain 11-15) (Tables tables following The seven maincomponentspresentedabove. of selection or product ecotourism activity inanaturalarea.(Table10). an Best describe the selected should identified that the have components we how literature scientific understand the better to To (innovative, useful according study, feasibility this considered for etc.) creative, impactful, be could (BPs) Practices Ecotourism 1.5.4.InternationalBestPracticeson t t t t t eln wt saoaiy n sbeunl the Improvingtheviabilityoftourismenterprises; subsequently and seasonality with Dealing Anincreaseinarrivals; An increase in total direct and indirect tourism receipts; alleviation ofthenegativeresultsitcreates; significant valueadded. Cyprus by providing an enhanced tourist product with by offered experience tourism overall the Upgrading Description 16 best practices on ecotourism on practices best 16 related to the to related Main 29 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 30 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? in thecreation ofaroute thatintegratesandenhancesthevalue ofAtlantic saltworking sites. traditional Atlantic of salt workingheritage sites, natural a and heritage cultural which the has on played based an tourism important sustainable role and in the joint maritime of history development of the Atlantic is Europe. BP Operatively this it of consists goal main The high quality products and services of the Austrian regions. This BP is also representative of an effective markettourism, strategy.industrial commercialand enterprises werecreateable toshared a culinary heritage-tourism experience. Culinary includes offer.touristandAgriculture,culinaryunique a to leadsregioneachmarketing cooperative andofsupplygroupcommon a whereareas, The BP offers an example of trans-sector cooperation between tourism, commerce and agriculture sectors in order to promote Austrian rural chartered, theteamsailsaround tocleanbeaches,recycle wastesorgive ahandtoresearchers andorganizationsintheirstudyactivities. sailing,diving anddiscovering unique species orderinfinancially to support theirwork fortheresttheyear. of Whensailing boatsare not ofprotecting the marine ecosystem and raising public awareness on environmental issues. Theydeveloped a series of eco activities involving In the Ionian sea, a team of sailors, divers, biologists and environmentalists get together thanks to their love of the sea and nature, with the aim photography). collection, waterqualitymonitoring,etc.),blueschools,andcontests(e.g.underwater local fishermen, tourism operators and other important stakeholders through the promotion of workshops, campaigns (e.g. beach garbage among activities Building awareness environmentalProject, LIFE a under up, set the Turkishhas (NGO) FoundationResearch Marine that has still a “clean” marine environment and several endemic species living there. the Turkishalong Toareas coast few in . the coast Mediterraneanof avoid the one the on deterioration is Itareaof tourist the marine popular environment, very a is Lagoon Oludeniz way (“gamification”). involvingboth tourism enterprises and tourists in an experiential and direct contribution to the conservation, in aparticipatory and playful identifytocatalogue andspeciessamewaytheinterest inof (protected, endangered species, invasive species,other etc.)protectedin areas, BiodiversitatDadesdeBancde thepilotprojectGeneralitatthis theis thisof case of the Valenciana). applicationThis customized becan description). Thephoto dataare sent remoteato dataserver thatstores theinformation forapproval andupload officialanin database (in to take pictures, set the geographical coordinates and open a form to fill out interesting facts about the sighting conductedentrepreneurs (author,tocollaborate date andoncataloguing andthe species. tourists allows whichThis devices,application mobile (availableinnovative applicationfor forandfree specific in the Apple store a andGoogle ofPlay) allows anduserstrainings targeted several developmentof the biodiversityproductsthroughtourismfriendlyof –Spain in XalocFundación NatureGlobal& the by creation– the torefers BP This dedicated exclusively tomarine biodiversity ontheisland. with areas.protected of rolelinks the and terrestrialecosystems PANACEA centreThe first the GozoDwejra,is centre at education environmental their environments, marine of complexity the comprehend can background scientific no or little with students even and that ”Layman’svisitors so system”,called so the adopting issues scientific marine explain centres These Pelagie,Sicily). Isole in Gallo, Ustica Capo and and Plemmirio Malta, in Majjiesa Rdum and (Dwejra project PANACEA the the in in included found Areas habitats Protected and Marine life six marine the of overview kaleidoscopic a through experience didactic a visitors the to offer centres These PANACEA the - (PromotionAreas of ProtectedMarine several Protected in Areas through Centres Environmental EducationalEducation) Centres Environmental - that of are Maltato be and considered as Italy portals of in “edutainment.”institution the regards BP This PANACEA -environmental educationcentre dedicatedtomarinebiodiversity LAGOON -Preserving theMarine Environment ofOludeniz Lagoon ECOSAL Atlantis –Ecotourism intheAtlantic salt-marshes Table 11. practices. best Ecotourism conservation Maincomponent:Nature Marine safe-keeping andbiodiversity Table 12. practices. best Ecotourism Maincomponent:Culturalheritage Conservation sailingholiday Conservation Culinarium Österreich Source: from (MEET)project, Adapted ofEcotourism The MediterraneanExperience 2014. Source: from (MEET)project, Adapted ofEcotourism The MediterraneanExperience 2014. Spain, France, Portugal Austria Turkey Greece Malta Spain eco-tourism project fundedby the World Bank. new a to in methodology TunisiaEnvironment same of this Ministry applied the result, policy a As areas. protected two the in tourism sustainable for tool reference planning a as selected SustainableTourismbeen for has Tunisia. in Charter ParkEuropeanNational The Zaghouan Jebel and Morocco, in ParkTalassemtanethe National areas: pilot two in implementation its for guidelines of creation the strategy and an action plan for eco-tourism in MaghrebThis BP is about the development of a participatory natural protected areas, and from afragmented promotion). developing a unique product including joint actions forcollaboration,active arethe anfruition to replicablethankscoordinationofwhich, differentprotectedbetweenareas thea sitesunderlined is andbe forto element the the product promotion (this also reduces costs arising accompanied by guides from the Natural Parks – for instance the geology, the local wildlife or the marine biology.naturalareas while Atdiscovering the managementsome level,inaccessible spots along the coast; the visits are also aimed at learning –through thematic guided tours NaturalParkMontgrí,andBaix Illesel Medesles Ter i Natural Park.snorkeling kayakrefersItandto enjoy activities, to way offered a as ThisBP involves 4different natural parks in Cataluña: Cap de Creus Natural Park, Aiguamolls de l’Empordà Natural Park, Delta de l’Ebre restaurants and tourism offices. tourism and restaurants ultimatecustomersthathavecomplete,resultuserscanisor accurate, consistent qualityhigh andtourist information accommodation, in the Natural Park are committed to providing such training, information materials and customers,a proper anddistinction on thefor other,the accredited Turismecompanies. The Garrotxa (an association of organizationscompanieshandthesystemonewhichonin arecommitted attend toregular andtraining activitiesentities providetoand accurate informationrelated itsto to the tourism in the Garrotxa region) and Garrotxa, on the matters related to local tourism, establishing an ongoingstaff,tourismimproveLainitiativethroughouttrainingThisresponsible integratedcustomerregionofintotheserviceofthe aims the for information network of high quality. Basically it is an accreditation its traditionsandtypicalproducts. tourists, a symbol of the commitment in the conservation by the PA, and a point of contact between tourists and the local community withdifferent activities related to the Park: PA head office, tourism office, local farmerconsistsBPcoexistence,Thethe in products same eco-buildingthein locatedAigoulstore.theFrenchthemountin in Cevennes NationalThe Park,House threeof becomes a meeting point for the to theComponentD.LocalCommunity). referredalso be can (it Reserve the and people local the lodge, the for impact positive a generates (2012). BP BiosphereReserve The the people and their families; it has hosted 23,000 overnight visitors per year and has generated $528,000 of for the supporting conservation local 62 for income and jobs providesdirectly Nationalfacility Geographic. by The world the in eco-lodges 20 best the of one as 2013, Eco-lodge The area. the in mining copper performs highly successful branding and of marketing, such that in 2012 it was ranked in the threattop 4 hotels in Jordan by the Tripoffset Advisorto and and, in helping community Jordan), poor (southern local Reserve Biospherethe Dana for the livelihoods for alternative revenue generating eco-lodge operational fully a of realization the to refers BP The Information Point Network oftheNatural Park ofLaGarrotxa Volcanic Zone Development ofanEcotourism Strategic Plan –apilotexperience Kayak andsnorkelKayak activitiestodiscover Natural Park Spain Table 13. practices. best Ecotourism Maincomponent:Facilities, andinfrastructures services Development oftheFeynan Eco-lodge Table 14. practices. best Ecotourism Maincomponent:Management House of“Aigoul” Source: from (MEET)project, Adapted ofEcotourism The MediterraneanExperience 2014. Source: from (MEET)project, Adapted ofEcotourism The MediterraneanExperience 2014. Tunisia Jordan France Spain Spain 31 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 32 1. INTRODUCTION: WHY A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? usual activitywithanextramoneyincomeandthetouristsimprove theirvisitappreciation inanexperientialway. promotinglocal fishermen asguides oftheir territory andbearers oflocal traditions. Thelocal community offishermen benefits from their This BP consists in encouraging the tourists to discover the natural values of the Catalan coastline, the sea and the traditional fishing activity the sellingtovisitorsofgadgetsandsouvenirs. The claimusedby thePark was“Buy agadgetandyou willdonatethepark toeveryone”. citizens(overand/or 65)people withmotor disabilities, through electric vehicles purchased maintainedand withincomethegenerated by Thisinteresting aimedisfacilitateBPto “green” mobility andfree-of-charge tourswithin theAppia Antica Regional Park (Italy) forsenior through aninteractive mapwhichlocalizes themandanappforSmartphone andtablets. testimonials the showing website English and Italian an testimonials, 32 stories, quality 100 by «lively”place community,a local as the BY Parktransmitted heritage. the transmitted is cultural of not it valueintangible is community; The and TO local tangible the the and landscape the promote to realkey the as identified been lovehas Qualitywho it. thereand there,worklive who people the by places the of descriptions the and Italianstories this quality of promotionProtectedthe throughthe attraction in tourist consists a BP Areaas This are involved intheFestival whichishasbeenrepeated withsuccesssince1992. is to raise public awareness of natural and cultural heritage of the National Park. About photography,30,000 people permusic in yearnature), andconferences, 250 people/organizationsshows, workshops (e.g. as: on how to build such (France)awall with Parkstones), National concerts Cevennes and exhibitions. the The ingoal naturalist activities free hiking 500with rangers, than excursions more gathers with thatscientists program cultural (botanic, a wild life, is Festivalarchitecture, Nature The landscapes, astronomy), artistic excursions (painting, through the distributionofGPSdevicestovisitors,andface-to-facequestionnaires. main entrances of the with some counters and field surveys, to understandintegrates visitor different behaviour methods and for profile;the collection another of data,activity in relationis to to trackthe neededlogs information. MonitoringThis BP refers of to tourista pilot casepasses of monitoringis performed of the atvisitor the number, behaviour and profile in the Sonian Forest (Belgium) with a model which Using automaticcountersandGPStechnology forrecreation monitoring: “Buy agadgetand you willdonatethepark toeveryone” Table 17. practices. best Ecotourism Maincomponent:Local communities The Pollino People Experience Table 16. practices. best Ecotourism Maincomponent:Monitoring Table 15. practices. best Ecotourism Maincomponent:Marketing case ofSonian Forest Fishing tourism Nature festival Source: from (MEET)project, Adapted ofEcotourism The MediterraneanExperience 2014. Source: from (MEET)project, Adapted ofEcotourism The MediterraneanExperience 2014. Source: from (MEET)project, Adapted ofEcotourism The MediterraneanExperience 2014. Belgium France Spain Italy Italy 33 © RAC/SPA, Atef LIMAM 34 © RAC/SPA, Atef LIMAM a as declared been has tourism Kotorska Boka In economy.tourism developing decade, priority recent the In sector tourism 2.1. ofBoka Description Kotorska Kotorskaof tourisminBoka . study feasibility some provide this of aim main the not However,theauthors thestudyof ishave found convenient to It itself.study tourismfull a conventionaltakewouldKotorska: thatBoka In sector the of assessment full a provide to A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM INBOKAKOTORSKA: and hospitality Total Kotorska Boka Table 18. Recovered Tax inthe inMunicipalitiesofBokaTourism Kotorska andHospitalityService andinMontenegro Tourism Herceg Novi Total MNE

The numberoftourismarrivals andovernight staysisconsidered akeyindicatorforaccommodationstatistics. Kotor Tivat City general insight on the currentdevelopmentthe generalinsighton Table 19. Numberof Tourism Arrivals inMunicipalitiesofBoka Kotorska andinMontenegro 12.323.160 € ecgNv Kotor Herceg Novi 1 264163 Foreign 277637 187546 52058 38033 (1) 4.292.270 € Domestic 175 337 51522 41517 3993 6012 7.142.984 € (2) ia oa Bk oosa Total (Montenegro) Total Kotorska) (Boka Tivat According to this report, tourism and hospitality and tourism report, this to According recovered taxinMontenegro. charged in total 23.758.414 (“Poreska Revenues Public of Department The taxes by municipaleconomies were presented. recovered where 2011 for report tax a Uprava”)published the in national Gross Domestic Product. involved % Office 6,68 with Statistical is it (the 2012) Montenegro, Monstatof to according now, and Montenegro of region side sea the in especially evolved has Source: State income 2011; Department ofPublicSource: Revenues income2011;Department State Source: Tourist arrivals andovernight 2012, stays Monstat 23.758.414 € (3)=(1)+(2) 1 439500 329159 229063 56051 44045 Total € what is 13.8 % from the total 172.268.624 € Structure (3) in% 100,0 22,9 15,9 3,9 3,1

2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: 35 A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 36 2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT in thetotaltouristarrivals andovernight stays. are located last on the list with 4,3 % and city3,3 of Herceg% of Novi,involvement in Boka Kotorska region. Tivatplace andtheoftourist Kotorarrivals Ifwecompareand overnight tourist staysarrivals madeisthein and overnight stays in of tourist arrivals and overnight stays theare citiesmade of in the Budva.seaside Secondregion, it can be concluded that majority Total Kotorska Boka Herceg Novi Total MNE Figure 2. NumberofEmployed Persons intheSouthPart ofMontenegro inthe Area of Tourism andHospitality Kotor Tivat City Table 20. StaysinMunicipalitiesofBoka Number ofOvernight Kotorska andinMontenegro 8 143007 2130644 1474370 Foreign 284901 371373 (1) 1 008229 Domestic 380502 343064 18999 18439 (2) Kotorska employed intourism. Boka in population entire the from % 50 than less little it census hospitality population makes which people and HercegNovi1.028 in with is industry tourism Monstat the in the employment highest to The According employed) are employed total in tourism of and hospitality % industry.(9,1 persons 2.096 Kotorska Boka In 2011, of Source: Tourist arrivals andovernight 2012, stays Monstat Source: Tourist arrivals andovernight 2012, stays Monstat (3)=(1)+(2) 9 151236 2511146 1817434 303900 389812 Total Structure (3) in% 100,0 27,4 19,9 3,3 4,3 ministryoftourism/1-MASTER-PLAN/DEG%20EN%20ExecSumm.pdf. (13) (12) in thisdocumentare thefollowing: report a issued WorldTourismTravelCouncil & posted data following The presented. are facts key tourism on Economic Impact 2014 for Montenegro where data’s for t t t t t t Visitor exports generated EUR 699.8 mn (51.4 % of total In 2013, the total contribution of Travel & Tourism & Travel of contribution total the 2013, In 14,500 supported directly Tourism & Travel 2013 In In 2013 Travel & Tourism directly supported 14,500 supported directly Tourism & Travel 2013 In GDP to Tourism & Travel of contribution total The GDPdirectcontributionTourism ThetoTravel & of Montenegro Tourism Development to2020, Strategy available in English:http://www.mt.gov.me/en/library/strategije. Touristic for Montenegro Masterplan available inEnglish:http://www.visit-montenegro.com/downloads/ 1,641.0 mnin2024(50.9%of total); 2014,and grow by7.9 pa,% from 2014-2024, toEUR exports)2013.inThisforecast is in grow10.0 toby% in 2024 (34.5%oftotal); jobs 64,000 to pa % 6.2 by rise and jobs 35,000 to 2014 in % 14.4 by rise to expected is This jobs). the industry, was 18.3 % of total employment (30,500 to employment, including jobs indirectly supported by jobs (16.1%oftotalemployment)in2024; rise by 14.0 % in 2014 and rise by 5.9 % pa to 30,000 to expected is This employment). total of % (8.8 jobs jobs (16.1%oftotalemployment)in2024; rise by 14.0 % in 2014 and rise by 5.9 % pa to 30,000 to expected is This employment). total of % (8.8 jobs pa toEUR1,877.3mn(37.2%ofGDP)in2024; forecast to rise by 13.2 % in 2014, and to rise by 8.8 % is and 2013, in GDP) of % (20.0 mn 714.2 EUR was GDP) in2024; pa, from 2014-2024, to EUR 892.4 mn (17.7 % of total is forecast to rise by 12.6 % in 2014, and to rise by 8.6was EUR% 348.7 mn(9.8 of%total GDP) in2013, and Figure 3. NumberofEmployed Persons intheCoastal Area ofMontenegro inthe Area of Tourism andHospitality Boka Kotorksa 2.2.Tourismplanningandstrategyin In 2003,Montenegro Inthe MinistryTourism of and Environment issued 2.2.1.TheMontenegroTourism projects and investments in the region are also described. they deal with ecotourism. Other National strategies2020,to wellas theas local and spatial andfutureaction plans andhow section describes the National Tourism Development Strategy on local communities and minimising the its in negative sector economic effects. relevant This in a the tourismregion, Being thus enhancing the positive effects of thisefforts activity to define strategies and plans to improve national governments dedicated and local havetourism region, both quality Development Strategy to 2020 to Strategy Development and in 2008, it was updated through the eco-tourism andcountrysidetourism). tourism related countryside to agriculture and agro-tourism, - villages through development the agriculture of forms of and villages the mitigatingin and problem «ageing» the the of of contribute regional/ to rural development keeping (by people economic brings prosperity”. andjobs Furthermore, tourism standardlivingofMontenegrintheand life.createsofItway economic development, society, our our of aspect every on “tourismis of inestimable importance for Montenegro. It bears t Travel & Tourism investment in 2013 was EUR 208.3 years toEUR549.6mnin2024(52.3%oftotal). ten next the over % 8.7 by rise and 2014, in % 14.3 by rise should It investment. total of % 28.0 or mn, DevelopmentStrategyto2020 Source: Tourist arrivals andovernight 2012, stays Monstat a Touristic Masterplan for Montenegro (13) . According. tothis strategy, Montenegro Tourism (12) ,

2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: 37 A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 38 2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT oee i de nt culy s te term the use actually not does it However Development Tourism Montenegro the “ecotourism”, Priorities of the Montenegro Tourism Development Strategy to 2020 in the area of sustainable tourism are: government will have stable and reliable revenues”. citizensincreasingenoughandjobs living standards, the and highquality destination; tourism will provide to Strategy Montenegrin objectives, Development Montenegro will create a strong Tourismposition of a applyingglobal“byissustainable2020 development Montenegrinprinciples and destination with all-year-round a become Montenegro will tourism. 2020 Main by strategic that predicts 2020 goal to to b) a) diversification of tourist offer (development of village, of (development offer tourist of diversification nerto o ssanblt ciei i sanctioning in criteria sustainability of integration coastal andwintermountaintourism. to comes it when plans),especially of assessment and adoption the for (i.e. projects development tourism guests withhigherpurchasepower; of attraction and season tourist the of extension the to support in part) northern the in especially tourism, of agro-, eco-, mountain, cultural, sports and other forms Map 3.Map Touristic inMontenegro clusters any oue fr h csa ad onan ein of region mountain and costal Montenegro.They are: the for focused mainly ecotourism, to related activities identifies 2020 to Strategy groups ofclusters(seemapbelow). priority strategic main six defines corridors would help bridging Strategy the distance between the two The which is Boka Kotorska) and two in the north. Two tourism of (one south the in four Montenegro, in clusters touristic “Wild of concepts the defines also Strategy The beauty resort”and“eco-lodge”. t t t t t ihsen o ntrl eore, idvriy and biodiversity resources, natural of Sightseeing and of area the in - (example Agro-tourism Climbing; Biking(Especiallymountainbiking); Hiking; ies n lks fe, n epcal Ntoa Parks Biogradska goraandDurmitor. National mountains, especially and offer, that lakes and rivers characteristics specific ecological Komarnica) ; Source: Montenegro Tourism Development to2020 Strategy economies: adopted 2012 Tivat of in municipality of plan Tivat of document years. five of period a This for Municipality plan action development plan. the The way, dynamic action and clear a local in articulates, and a describes time first the for Government Self Local on plan thatwilldefinegoalsinspecificareasofdevelopment. Law the to According action local its edit and prepare to required is Montenegro of municipality every Development, Regional on Law and 2.2.2.Local spatialandactionplans the other side, increase in service quality in small hotels has hotels small in quality service in increase side, other the On Pricanj). in Vrmac and Risan in (hotel hotels big in condition technical and functional poor system), sewage of existence no and Kotor infrastructure transportation pipeline, (water of infrastructure supporting developed Municipality poorly sector, 2013, accommodation private and hotel December between problems imbalance main are: period tourism, In to the comes it for When 2017. 2013- plan development Strategic introduced Solila, in saltpans of location previous of ecotouristoffer:birdwatching. the On type a for used be can opportunity This season. winter the during especially species bird many of habitat the is today help diversitytourismofferofBokaKotorskaBayarea. will Vrmac hill the in agriculture organic of development and Investment general. in tourism the or in ecotourism for offer area tourist of base the become will born which their places at return will population local locations of these reconstruction After past. the in and center economical administrative be to used characterized which is villages abandoned it by Now necessary. is reconstruction but potential huge a has area This ecotourism. and tourism rural of development the for place a as defined is Vrmac and offersonlythebasicserviceofaccommodation. quality low often is far, so brought plans spatial following current offer of private accommodation is made without any the though even Tivat of Municipality the in continued be of Flowers. Construction in the private accommodation will Horizonti (eng. Blue Horizons) one and second as stage in industry the hospitality Island and the current hotels on the locations: tourism Having of reconstruction and new constructing by maintained be will it Tivat, of municipality the in economy main the of t t t t (Organic) agriculture - olive growing, vinery, growing vinery, growing, olive - agriculture (Organic) Nauticaltourism,marinesandyachtrepairs; Tourismandhospitality; Transportation - air, land, naval and passenger passenger and naval land, air, - Transportation mariculture. and products agriculture fruits, growing fruits, citrus transportation ; codn t te pta pa o Tvt hill Tivat, of plan spatial the to According defines the following main following the defines Župa, Bay Trašite, Plavi Spatial stated: of area priority in measures as Therefore, development. for potentials the one of as tourism cruising and yachting excursions, defines plan this tourism, of types to comes it When noted. been codn t the to According Herceg Novi, last decade of the 20 natural and cultural of valorisation and Protection of thepriority,too,andrelatedmeasuresarefollowing: one as identified been has environment living and heritage hn t oe t ntrl eore preservation resources natural to comes it When defined following setofproblems: plan spatial Novi, Herceg of municipality the in those are: been have weaknesses of defined in set the spatial plan of municipality Herceg offer, Novi, and touristic accommodation current of on number large Based poor. very is capacities such of quality the capacities, a has this municipality though Even different. Montenegro. remains in situation the capacities Today accommodation total the to comparison in capacities accommodation of number large t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t Biodiversityprotection. Use of renewable source of energy and improvement of living and heritage cultural of protection Integral and heritage cultural of valorisation and Protection Developmentofruraltourism. sport and event marine, excursion, of Development Endangering agricultureland. Endangering currentnaturalprotectedareas; Increaseddangerfromfires; of amount high and system disposal water waste Poor Lackofdrinkingwater; natural current and bio-environment in Difficulties and operators tour foreign with cooperation Poor nautical as such tourism of types different of Lack Insufficient accommodation promotion on the foreign energy efficiency; development ; urban local of control constant though environment living environment; tourism ;and sea polluters; of constructionsites; number increased to due preservation areas protected travel agencies. rural tourism, walking tourism andmountain; generations, tourism, cycling older tourism, for tourism tourism, markets ; , are activities, economic of Development pta pa o municipality of plan Spatial th century was defined by

2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: 39 A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 40 2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT otngo s lo amnzd ih h Mediterranean the NSSD with harmonized Johannesburg. also is from Montenegro Plan Implementation and Declaration the in as well as 21, Agenda and Declaration Rio the in stated recommendations and principles the on based was 2007, in Protection Environmental and Tourism Sustainable%20Development%20of%20Montenegro.pdf (17) (16) (15) (14) Development and ecological requirementsisaconditionforallregions: social with Economic development tourism balancing for for need the recognizable and economy, a national Ministry has the in tourism differentiation regional that The states plan This 2020. a published plansandlaws 2.2.3.OtherNationalstrategies, f otngo (NSSD) Montenegro of t t Qatari Diar Hotels and n rtce o pand rtce aes investment areas, protected planned or protected In facilities tourism larger in applications investments All Property Investments More information here: More information http://www.questionnaire.gov.me/Annexes/Annex060.pdf More information here: More information http://www.unece.org/fleadmin/DAM/env/epr/epr_studies/montenegro.pdf More information here: More information http://www.questionnaire.gov.me/Annexes/Annex198.pdf Azmont InvestmentsAzmont More information here:More information http://www.uncsd2012.org/content/documents/Montenegro_National%20Strategy%20of%20 Porto Montenegro inHerceg Novi plans fortherespectivearea. can only be conducted on the base etc.) of spatial and urban infrastructure, skiing marinas, tourism (hotels, existing facilities of extension or additional new, in of economic assessments expected impact onregionandcompletesocialimpact. expected with with development, line sustainable in be to have in Tivat in Tivat National Strategy of Sustainable Development Sustainable of Strategy National National Spatial Plan for Montenegro until Montenegro for Plan Spatial National It is set to be the largest tourism investment in Europe. The project will cover approximately 190,000 m 190,000 approximatelycover will Europe.project in The investment tourism largest the be to set is It Azerbaijan. from investment financial with company; Montenegrinowned privately a is Tivat airports. This Dubrovnikand from minutes 45 Kumbor,Novi,Hercegonly in near located is project Investment Azmont construction -147,000 m -147,000 construction among the largest direct foreign investments in and contribute to positioning the asahigh-endtourismdestination. positioning country to contribute and Montenegro in tourism in investments foreign direct largest the among be will near Tivatand hotel existing an of purchase the follows project restaurants. The and malls shopping facilities, sports apartments, and villas hotel, luxury a with site ha 24 Diar’sa redevelop will it said unit local Qatari Diar Hotels and Property Investments plans to invest cafes, over 100 shops, bars, cafes & restaurants, botanical garden, Community center, Conference center,waterside etc. and squares extensive with waterfront Marina, Residences, Villa, Luxury Apartments, Penthouse Pier,Only Wellness& & OneDestination Residences, Branded Only Spawith & OneHotel, Only & One opportunities foremployment,opportunities andbringmore peoplein Tivat. investment allows the establishment new, highly profitable sector of nautical tourism, which will afford more Montenegro.entireThis the but Tivat,of town the only not environment, economic - significant socio the very on impact have will and important more far are solutions planning such of effects positive the hand, project, only minor impacts can be expected, and they are of limited intensity and spatial scale. On the other crew-training warehouse, bonded and centre... Accordingprovisioning to the report on the Strategicsite Environmental Assessment of Environmental Impact on of this immigration, and customs site on lease, berth term long and short berths, 250 have will It facilities crew & captain services, repair & refit boat residences, luxury berths, offering Kotor of Bay the in located marina yacht luxury service full a is MontenegroPorto (14) ise b te iity of Ministry the by issued , Table 21. Future investments projects inBoka andtourism Kotorska 2 above ground, and another 40,000 m 40,000 another and ground, above hn t oe t te rsrain f cultural of preservation the to comes it When Site a is there sites be declared anEcologicalStateinEurope,1991. to State first the was with Montenegro and process. Lisbon Development the Sustainable of Strategy EU and Economic commission for Europe, committee on committeeEurope, forcommission Economic reviews onMontenegroin2007 environmental published policy environmental is veryimportantforbiodiversityprotection. and the collaboration Institute for the in Protection of Nature Protection of Montenegro Environmental and Planning Spatial of Ministry Montenegrin the from Plan Action and far. so identified been has infrastructures or events initiatives, no information on future investments regarding ecotourism Alongside with the tourism planning in the region, region are underway, as stated in the Table 21. Noteworthy, some relevant future investments and tourism projects in the projects inBokaKotorska 2.2.4. Future investments and tourism on 29 July 2008 passed the (15) . When it comes to the environment protection, the protection, environment the to comes it When . € 250 m in a new luxury resort near Tivat. Qatari Law on Reconstruction of Kotor Heritage Kotor of Reconstruction on Law (16) . In particular the Strategy of Biodiversity 2 underground. It will include Europe’sinclude will Itfirst underground. (17) . Law on Environment performance 2 of eie te ditc oowy tee s lo new also is there motorway, Adriatic the Besides with northern part of Montenegro. Until few years ago, when - Risan road presented inthepictureupwithgreenline. is motorway Adriatic Kotorska. Boka of and region region mountain coastal distinct to line a as serves usually and coastline the along goes motorway Adriatic Kotorska, Boka dup%20golf%20ekonomija%20nacrt.pdf Regional Economic Forum Europe. Southeast Retrieved September8, 2010 www.ref-see.org/pdf/Radimir%20Cacic.pdf (PDF) (20) (19) (18) area and some part of coastal areas coastal in Montenegro middle in expressway a dual-carriageway of short exception the with length, two-lane entire its a almost still for road is It Montenegro. Bosnia and through and stretches smaller with Croatia, through goes that part of the European route E65. The road one passes principally the is and is that Sea Adriatic area road the of the a coast eastern in the motorway, along road stretches Adriatic main the The of part Croatia. is and road Montenegro This connects and coast the along 2.3.1.Roadinfrastructure any which to thanks traveller canreachtheBaybyair,landorsea. Kotorska, Boka of infrastructure transport the describes section situation This strategic proves. its region to the due heritage of ago, cultural centuries rich Since the as West, and East between hub communication a been has Kotorska Boka Adriatic the in 2.3.TransporttoBokaKotorska Radimir oftheRepublic Čačić(November ofCroatia»: http:// 2006). ontheterritory «Adriatic-Ionian Transport Corridor Ministry of Sustainable Development of Sustainable and Tourism Ministry More information here:More information http://http/::opstinativat.com:cg:images:stories:Vijesti:DOKUMENTA:2013:Okt_Nov:sea%20-%20 between Kotor and )))Golf course Lu Cable car in Tivat in Tivat Cetinje štica Bay Ž abljak that connects Boka Kotorska bay area bayKotorska Bokaconnects thatabljak for thefirstyear million 4,5 from revenue a bring and day every car cable this using people 220 to 115 approximately be should thereyear, a cruisers large 350 approximately visits Kotor that fact the Considering years. 10 be According to the feasibility study performed by one Italian company, return period for this investment should NJMMJPOPG&VSPT$BCMFDBSXJMMCFLNMPOHBOEXJMMIBWFTUPQT %VC ,VL -PWƥFOBOE$FUJOKF  and Development Tourismof worth is EntireprojectDevelopment. Investmentand Europeanfor Bankand was presented in the summer 2013 by the side of municipalities of Kotor and Cetinje, Ministry of Sustainable Today it will be the only cable car in the world that is connecting two cities – Kotor and Cetinje. This project Original project was constructed in the 1916 for the purpose of cargo transportation and was used until 1919. positive for certain areaspositive forcertain suchasthewatertreatment infrastructures even and reduced be will facility this of Assessment impact the Environmental that considers Strategic project this the of Impact on Environmental on report The sea. the from 700m only and Tivat outside km 2 long, km 1.8 land of stretch a Bay,on Luštica in located Montenegro, in course golf only the be will This This means:minimalenvironmental impact,energyefficientarchitecture andplannedlivingenvironment. (Leadership in Energy and Environmental design) making it first residential project in Europe to achieve this. certification silver LEED with awarded been has environment the for dedication Such environment. the for respect environmentutmost the than other anything with of operated and constructed designed, was project terms this protection, It etc. centre, conference centre, wellness and spas course, golf 18-hole an marinas, Lu tica Bay will feature with over 500 residential villas and townhouses, over 1000 apartments, 7 hotels, 2 hotels, 7 apartments, 1000 over townhouses, and villas residential 500 over with feature will Bay štica (19) . (20) . In beautiful sceneryofthemountainouspartMontenegro. - Risan Motorway two hours or 93 km (in the picture it is marked with red line). Ž Risan- roadmarkedgreenline).newwithThis is picture it SFHJPO  northern the in KotorskaBoka from go to wantedtourists abljak, reduces the traveling time and km approximately by Map 4.Map inMontenegro Mainroad infrastructure UIFZ IBE UP Ž HP bjk s ped cos 8 m though km 98 across spread is abljak (18) BDSPTT . 1PEHPSJDB Source: Compiledby authors BOE /JLÝJƥ JO UIF 

2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: 41 A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 42 2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT of Kotor in the harbour is 665m, of which 512m is located is 512m which of 665m, is harbour the in Kotor of KotorPortislocatedclosetothemainroadand it interior. The length of operating banks, which owns the Port is associated with places along the coast, as well as cities in the south-eastern the in located is as statedinthetable22. Kotor of port The border crossings and ports for international maritime traffic, maritime permanent a of status a has Kotor bay. the of top drive all around the Kotor-Risan bay. in to havingwithoutTivat) to transportation NoviHerceg (from Bay the navalof the to comes it dependingfromtheseason, andallows connecting twosides When (Verige strait) which goes on every 10 to 30 minutes Kamenari-ferrymention importantto is Kotorska,it Boka 2.3.2.NavalTransportation no lanes orrestingplacesfordrivers. are there far, so but driving of type this for perfect be to roads Montenegro’s consider experts Some roads. motor In the previous years, increased numbers of tourists lines planned along the main road so cyclists drive along the are visiting Montenegro by bike. However, there are no bike will helpinpreservationoftheoldtown. it considering significance great a has project this Kotor, of Municipality from representative the to According Kotor. town old the near gases infrastructure exhaustion and transportation noise flow important traffic Another reducing help is will that road bypass the Bank, of construction the Development European the by funded project, and Croatia. of partSerbia, as Office,such countriesneighbouring Transportation the from tourist thegeneral in and to people According of flow the increase should motorway new TransportationMaritimeAffairs,thisMinistryfor and Kotor – Kotor –Pirej Kotor –Ancona Kotor – Trst Kotor –Otrant Kotor – Kotor –Bar Table 22. ports important ofthemost Distance from the port ofKotorKotorskafrom theport

Source: Port ofKotor 715 254 334 151 125 km 40 42 board, asmuch39.94%comparedto2008. on tourists 74,177 with year, previous the than higher % the port of Kotor arrived 262 foreign cruisers, which is 9.38 In passengers. and vessels of traffic in increase significant a achieved Montenegro, in (marinas) ports nautical in place 52,739 passengers on board. In 2009 the activities that took During 2008, in the port of Kotor arrived 228 cruisers with Skurda. river the facing 153m the while part western the in addition, hosts some low-cost companies. addition, hostssomelow-costcompanies. flight line to Tivat or . direct The no airport have destinations of that Dubrovnik, other with Kotorska in Boka importantairportsveryregionconnectsthisbecauseisforit airportsneighbouringtwothelocated Thereare in and in , (from Tivat 153 km). Existencecountries: ofDubrovnik,in these Croatia (from Herceg Novikm)30 Globes Airlines, Airlines, UralAirlinesandMoskoviaAirlines. Montenegro , Air using are: are airport that the Companies service. taxi or bus by this airport reach can Person Kyiv. and London Paris, , Moscow, as such cities, European several to flights regular with public for open is airport small This Kotor. of city the agencies andtaxitransportationcompanies. of services the offers airport This Ljubljana. Beograd, Istanbul, Rome, Paris, Vienna, Moskov, Zurich, Frankfurt, to route that Airlines, Austrian Airlines, Turkish Airlines, Montenegro Serbia, Air are: airport this using are that Companies etc. Zagreb, Skopje, Copenhagen, Rome, Frankfurt, Zürich, Vienna, destinations: European several other to flights international open numerous is with airport public small for This Kotor. of city the from away Podgorica Montenegro: in airports two are There and Tivat. 2.3.3.Airtransportation n pse truh h floig iis n otngo - Montenegro in that railroad cities only following the the is through Belgrade passes - and Bar Railway Bar in starts Railway Serbia. with on later and Montenegro of north the with Montenegro of area coastal the connects 2.3.4.RailwayTransportation t t t t t t t MCPortoMontenegro–Tivat. MarinaKaliman-Tivat;and MarinaRisan; ThePortofKotor; MarinaZelenika-HercegNovi; MarinaMeljine-HercegNovi; MarinaHercegNovi; There aresevenmarinasintheBokaKotorskabayarea: s , k ( mnts aa from away minutes) (8 km 6,7 is Airport Tivat minutes) (106 km 90 is Airport Podgorica many rent many a car a (21) of region Southern and Northern Montenegro the in touristic experiences the on The only data available are research from study prepared by a performed which CEED with cooperation in Initiatives Tourism Sustainable for Centre Kotorska. Boka in motives travel their as well as tourist foreign of structure the about (Montenegrin information are not precise %). There (2.1 Monstat Republic Czech and %), (2.3 %), (2.4 the %), %), (4.3 (3.1 %), (8.3 to Herzegovina and Bosnia %), According Montenegro majority Agency), Statistical National motives 2.4.Demand:touristprofile/travel of theschedule. in city other depending day a times four to twice Serbia, any to Montenegro or Bar from going are Trains (Serbia). Belgrade to prolongs and , Bijelo Kolašin, Podgorica, and Kotor. Boka Kotorska region mainly municipalities of Herceg Novi visiting were respondents tested of % 39.6 Montenegro, of south the in performed survey the In Montenegro). of side of sample visiting the northern side and 50.2 % were tourist visiting southern the foreign from on made performed participants was survey 2007. December This in published and 2007 September and Research is available (21) (2012) is from Serbia (28.9 %), (24.4 (24.4 Russia %), (28.9 Serbia from is (2012) . The survey was conducted during August during conducted was survey The . here: http://www.cstimontenegro.org/CSTI-Istrazivanje_o_iskustvima_posjetilaca-g-332 and EconomicDevelopment (CEED) (2007). Montenegro of andSouthern TheExperience Tourists inNorthern Figure 4. motivations tovisitMontenegro Tourist’s foreign tourist in in tourist foreign 4. % were % (49.8 1.010 Source: Centre for Sustainable Tourism Initiatives (CSTI)&Centerfor Entrepreneurship culture/history (24 %) and natural scenery followedEuropean (22 closely %) beaches named Union by (28 %). namedbeaches as their main attraction, while tourists region overwhelming countries other the Serbiafrom andfrom in the (11.8 %), culture/history 10.3 % and business(14.6 visiting %), family/friends(6.9 %). Tourists (12.4 adventure %), tourism their main attraction to surroundings Montenegro, natural Almost fifthsrespondentstwofollowedof the named(37.3beaches%) asby by natural attracted scenery were Montenegro %). (17.6 attractions tourist Montenegrin and %) (24.1 prices low were mainly destination travel a as Montenegro choosing for reason a As %). (6.9 seeking job of purpose the and %) (10.3 monuments cultural-historic %), (11.8 environment region natural tourism southern adventure %), (12.4 the visits in family/friend beaches, %), tested (14.6 tourist of for Majority specifically %) (77.5 time of leisure for the purpose Montenegro to visit decided half ofrespondentshadmorethan40years(59.0%). than more structure, age the Regarding %). (46.6 women Montenegro was visited slightly more by men (53.6 %) than % of part Southern houses. friends or family available had rest 17,8 the accommodation, and sites camp for decided private % 14,7 hotels, for decided for decided % 25,1 accommodation, to comes it When days. 9 and 5 between Accordingtothesurveyresults,majority(32.7%) 10 days, 28.8 % were staying more than 10 days and 23.3 % of period the for Montenegro in staying were tourist the of orss iiig h Suhr Rgo of Region Southern the visiting Tourists .

2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: 43 A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 44 2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Accommodation developed well in service is sector BokaKotorska region. Intotal, there are supplyandtrends 310 business facilities 2.5.Marketassessment:products, % 18.5 experience, Montenegro, on information of pleasant source main a As and visits previous % 18.7 family/relatives, from got they said respondents of % 26.2 Total Kotorska) (Boka Herceg Novi Kotor Tivat Table 23. for Capacities MunicipalitiesofBokaAccommodation Kotorska andMontenegro Number ofbusiness facilities and EconomicDevelopment (CEED)(2007). Montenegro of andSouthern TheExperience Tourists inNorthern 73 30 18 25 Figure 5. Montenegro about Sources ofinformation Source: by capacities municipalitiesAccommodation andtypesoffacilities, August, 2011, Monstat. ubro om Number ofbeds Number ofrooms Source: Centre for Sustainable Tourism Initiatives (CSTI) &Centerfor Entrepreneurship 20.631 13.191 3.342 4.098 tourism supply in Boka Kotorska are described inwell the as Table number 23. of private accommodation. Characteristicsrooms,Herceg Novi hasof majority the ofaccommodation rooms as Hercegin NoviandKotor. Whencomesit thenumberto of for the purpose of providing accommodation. Majority is located information using internet, television, radio and newspapers. received % 16.6 only while operators tour or agency from 53.321 35.914 7.901 9.506 Number ofprivate accommodation 4.181 2.477 1.069 635 and isaccompaniedbylocalwines. oil of olive and wine fish, - trinity holy the Taste lies Mediterranean Kotor. near .MJOJ , in Mlini žBUPWJƥB Stari and BSF Morinj restaurants in of variety wide a offers DVJTJOF Kotorska Boka .POUFOFHSJO famous PG Most SFTUBVSBOUT food. international and local both serving that conclude can we 24, Table the observe we If Kotor is the primary touristic municipality in Boka Kotorska TYPE OF TOURISM Herceg Novi Leisure tourism Sports tourism Beach tourism Golf Tourism Kotor Tivat Number ofhotels Number ofhotels Number ofhotels Number ofstars Herceg Novi: Kumbor; ; Rose; Mirista; Zanjice. Kotor: Bigovo; Trsteno; Zukovo; Markos bay;Orahovac; Tower ofBajo; Risan;Morinj. lastva; Opatovo. Tivat: Oblatno; Krasici; Plavi Horizonti; Saint Marko; The Island of Flower; Zupa; Belane; Seljanovo; Donja etc. In BokaKotorska bayarea, theyare : one, rustic virgin a or amenities modern with beach, rock or pebble sand, - beaches of type different several are There locations. 117 over spread beaches of km 73 with long km 293 is coast Montenegrin entire The making itmore appealing totouristswhoare mainlyinterested inotherformsoftourism. especially near Kotor. Beach tourism is used in this region just as a supporting tourism branch which will help nearness of the mountain, beaches in Boka Kotorska are mainly made of concrete platform with pool ladders, and characteristics area the to Due side. sea Montenegrin of entire across spread tourism of type classical A of overnight stays. accommodation capacities in Boka Kotorska. Presence of this type of tourism can be measures by the number includes all types of tourism organized in Boka Kotorska. This type of tourism relies on the foundation of the Includes tourist overnight stay for the purpose of relaxation, adventure, sightseeing, sports, etc. Leisure tourism intended for Water Polo. purpose, several basketball and football courses had been constructed this as Forwell 2020. as Kotorska closed Boka swimming pools of mainly Plan Master tourism the to according branch tourism priority the of One 4 countries:theUnited Kingdom, 31%,,15 %,Germany, 12%,France, 9%. would like to attract and it needs for extending the bathing season. Of all European golfers, 67 % come from Montenegro that grouphowever, a demands, quality high and high-income with Europeans Central targets It trails. hiking and biking constructing than groups target smaller much at aimed is courses golf Building ofwetlandswell areas andother environmentally asthedestruction important duringconstruction. as maintenance, in include fertilizers and issues pesticides chemical Specific of use years. the and irrigation fifty for required water past of amount the over grown have courses golf for land of use the over concerns to become a regional driving force for the and tourism to industry extend the tourism season. Environmental of land 1.8 km long, situated in Kavac, 2 km outside Tivat and only 700 m from Lastly,the sea. an important project The is projectthe construction is of the expected only golf course in Montenegro. It is located on a stretch development planforthecoastalsocitesgolfasoneofdevelopment measures. outset. the from facilities of spatial draft assortment broaderThe a with market the enter to able be and risks course. investment the golf share to Boka the a for proposed been Dubrovnik-Konavleup has with cooperation Cross-border set to plans also Montenegro Porto the and amenities golfing plans already PlaVelikaža Ulcinj- and Kotorska Boka the for plan master regional golf.The without do to afford cannot Montenegro 2020, to TourismMontenegro Strategy the to strategy,according tourist all-year and quality its of part As Table 24. inMunicipalitiesofBoka ofLeisure Structure Kotorska Service Table 25. Types inBoka oftourism Kotorska (besidesecotourism) «« «««« ««««« 0 1 0 Source: actionplansofmunicipalities Strategic Tivat, Kotor andHerceg Novi u t fvual ciae n beneficial and climate favourable (currently to tourism had beenidentified(besidesecotourism)inBokaKotorska. Due of future) in develop to chance types have that those and developed several geomorphology, old townKotor. the of heart the in located “Vardar” hotel star five one with DESCRIPTION 13 5 4 ««« 3 9 9 «« 4 1 9

2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: 45 A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 46 2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Incentives, Conferences, Cruise shipstourism Cruise Cultural tourism Nautical tourism MICE (Meetings, Health tourism Agro tourism Events) households withthetourismsoagro of nationaltourismoffer. tourismcouldbeintroduced aspart agricultures connect to is development rural and agriculture of Ministry of intentions recent the but region lodging and agriculture in farming enterprises. This type of tourism is not much developed in Boka Kotorska board, of combination the includes term areas.The rural for vehicle development a as seen is tourism Agro tourism, thenCetinje,ifthehistoricalcore ismadeupattractively. BOEQSFTUJHF#VEWB #FƦJƥJ 5JWBU ,PUPS 1PEHPSJDBBTUIFDBQJUBM BSFTVJUBCMFGPSUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGDPOHSFTT advantage. These substantial can be tangible or intangible a benefits connected with the affordslocation, including its scenic beauty,this if its name chosen are countries Foreign above. mentioned as cost, and time of MICE is perceived as a growing market. Most MICE events are held in the home country, however, for reasons to guaranteesuccess. at their disposal to hold such events. These are the prerequisites in the MICE market but they are not enough infrastructure technical and premises the have that segment upper the in hotels usually are providers MICE contribute totheestablishingBokaKotorska asacentre forregional nauticaltourism. will Kotorskawhich Boka of construction of process the Mediterranean.far,Soin in are projects morethree destination yachting prestigious the of one as a as proclaimed been www.portomontenegro.com),has which PortoMontenegro(http://is important most the far so Kotorska, Boka in investments nautical the to comes without places mooring several and services basic all TFSWJDFT,PUPS 5JWBU )FSDFH/PWJ ,PSEJƥo1SƦBOK -VÝUJDB.KFMKJOFBOE.PSOJOH1MBDF3JTBO8IFOJU with Kotorska Boka in located are Montenegro in appeared in Boka investmentsKotorska Severalmaking it enthusiasts. the centre nautical of the Montenegro all nautical tourism. for Currently destination 6 out popular of 8 a marinas becoming rapidly is Montenegro wellness product. against patent then can it which - research replication, scientific or it on can cooperate with based curative mud - locations on own the Croatian its coast and of promote a joint product Adriatic wellness a develop to now.till programswellness in used been yetmud not the Montenegrohas use go: can to ways two areThere but Adriatic, eastern the on places other at found that to consistency similar a has ItIgalo: in mud Curative by offered products the with up catch to need competitor destinations.According totheMontenegro Tourism urgent Strategy -nowellness, an noall-year tourism. is There standards. European by novelty a but Wellness–fitness or Spa- Wellness-fitness is an all-year product. A Montenegrin wellness strategy is anything enjoying thebenefits ofaromatherapies, massagesandface,bodysoulpamperingtreatments. programs devoted to the promotion of the healthy way of living, correction of the bad living habits, or simply offers also Igalo Institute seniors. and adults children, of rehabilitation for centres international leading the of of pioneer one became and wellness, a and therapy wave rehabilitation, is medicine, preventive and physical Itmodern the Novi. Herceg of municipality the in Igalo, in situated is It Balkan. the on treatment spa multidisciplinary for institutions famous most the and largest the of one is Igalo JSC Milosevic“ Simo “Dr suchashiking,mountaineering,biking,etc. with sports According to the Montenegro Tourism Strategy, culture tourism will provide allthe benefits if it is combined local populationtoprofit from theriseoftourismindustry. allows present the in appreciated is the which value historic High from 1979. since UNESCO’sList World churches Heritage orthodox Perast, in mosaics Veniceand of Republic roman the from remains rare: age, middle very is Kotorska Boka in richness Cultural for greater revenues andthereduced pressure ontheinfrastructure andtheenvironment. with country limited capacity,carrying it is much more important to attract the sailing yachts particular,than cruisers, both in Montenegro destination, each For Cetinje. to and Lake of Skadar point to a trips day as for Bar departure and value cultural its and landscape the status, for UNESCO, appeal its of an because hold Kotor Montenegro cruisers: in Two ports effects. negative bring can sights major the at passengers of some town is a good promotional tool but on the other sporadic hand but very hefty of rush sizable numbers in ship cruise Having services. associated other all and these on tax the souvenirs, and consumption minor mention economic to relevance for the destinations important are port fees, the costs is for the excursion Itorganization, expenditure for age. of years 40-50 over people, better-off older, are these of Most population. total the of 2-3% Montenegroat the Tourismestimated to Accordingis Europe Strategy,in potential cruise , etc. Kotor has been included in included been has Kotor etc. Monarchy, Habsburg Source: Compiledby authors. 56 pp. +annexes. Badalamenti F., Garcia Charton J.A., Treviño-Otón J., Mačić V., and Cebrian D.,Protected Coastal and Montenegro. in Areas protection Marine developmentforof of network the a of status a needing 2013.By Ed. RAC/SPA - MedMPAnet Project, Tunis. (22) are mostlystillintact. coasts rocky and cliffs while activities, tourist by occupied are low. Nearly most, if not all, of the beaches and creeks are threat numbers diver as stage this at The important not is diving from direction. that in be to appears all development and present at activities target the be to seem tourism are are likely to increase etc.) dramatically. Beach-based and nautical roads some marinas, but sewage (hotels, present infrastructure No New at planned. tourism of expansion place rapid the to due infrastructure. are Threats take tourism to seems for treatment plans the and life areunderestimated,especiallyintheBayofKotor. marine on effects negative the if problem serious a be will constructions other and road the from or waste solid of dumping The coast. the along pressure human in increase general following the future and infrastructure near tourist of the development in the problem a be may untreated from sewage Pollution Fishing, and to a much greater extent, tourism, are present. are industries sizeable other No coast. the along activities human main two the port and Bay the capacities. within increase transport to maritime pressure of a volume also is There planned. being are also zone industrial an and agriculture intensive for Areas over speedway. bridge Adriatic the and Bridge) a (Verige Kotorska Boka include first These area. the on impact an have may which considered, being or planned infrastructure are projects major of tourism number a addition, In coast. and the urbanisation as one of the areas areas along most yet attractive underdeveloped from the Luš uses. land different in Pressures especially for open now are and purposes military for used previously substantial, are development andtourismdevelopment 2.6.1.Pressuresfromurbanisation Montenegro in Areas Protected Coastal protection for the development of a network of Marine and of status a needing areas new habitats suitable the prioritize help coastal to of Survey Assessment Rapid a published RAC/SPA 2013, In sea. open the Boka with water of in exchange activities economic slow the and bay the of nature enclosed of the by exacerbated to Concentration (due problems pollution communal wastewater, maritime activities and industry) are and high, very is Kotorska coastalandmarineecosystem 2.6.Pressuresandimpactsonthe in thissection. impacts in the coastal and marine ecosystem, as is described and pressures the on information of plenty offer report this A/P - NPMP 21. ai Assmn Sre o catl aias o ep roiie h sial nw areas new suitable the prioritize help to habitats coastal of Survey Assessment Rapid UNEP/MAP, 2015. - RAC/SPA tica peninsula, for example, is seen seen is example, for peninsula, tica (22) . The contents of contents The . hn t oe t te niomna apc of aspect environmental the to comes runoff fromfarmsandcoastalcitieshasincreased. it and When discharge industrial the consideration into take must constructed marinas for the purpose of nautical tourism, we physically- chemically influence on thispurpose ofthe plans transported the mentioned compound Another issue common inwithout research any may ithowof on sea bottom. artificial pebbles for beaches. and are sand Large amounts of constructionmunicipalities the is of Herceg Novi and Tivat general. in environment living entire the on only and sea Adriatic of cleaning the on influence direct a have will water waste of issue (un)solved Having cleaning. previous any without sea the in disposal water waste drop rain, of period the in will which system sewage private construct to owners house private many forced system cleaning and network sewage Tivat, of lack of plans action the municipalities to According of plans action critical one, especially in the Strategic time of summer tourism season. among most issues the as mentioned are disposal ecological wastewater poor which define Novi Herceg and Kotor and social ecological capacityandcarryingcapacity. development, the for bases for This solid provisions and areas. reliable includes no particular were also there far, for So guidelines clear provide could development of protected or planned protected areas, which now thereisnodataaboutdetailsandpossiblechanges. for normal but changed, somehow is the water and sediments of way input that in bay the around «ring» a creating is road the that regarding Also coast. the on constructions different of because destruction habitat is vulnerability of kind Another pollution. additional for risks potentially are (Lipci) cisterns fuel and Risan) in and Kotor (in ports two Also biocenosis. some of regression and diversity biological in decries cause can it persist is if and years problem many for lasting this waste Unfortunately the localities. of many output on direct water the of site because The vulnerable environment. is marine for pressure additional is that and water/coast sea zone contact the on habitats the on pressure example intensive is there (for Also lithophaga). Lithophaga species protected some of decline indicating is assessment rapid but data enough no is Actually there organisms other many For discharge. water waste and eutrophication of because regression in are meadows of garbageanduntreatedsewageatseaforexample. an adversely are also cruises important of source of towns marine pollution through the dumping popularity increased floating The enormous crew, and thousands passengers up of Carrying environment. marine the affects and ocanica Posidonia Cymodocea nodosa Cymodocea in nobilis, Pinna

2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: 47 A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 48 2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (23) that mayaffectthecoastalmarineecosystemare: households companies, private are polluters Main which ismostdynamicinthetouristseason. and hotels. Second largest source polluter is the transportation bay area. of Kotorska Boka inhabitation are who animals patterns marine many reproduction and hunting, communication, migration, the disrupt can like sources from natural In even and persistent physical. rigs, always or oil devices, not loud sonar ships, is of from sounds pollution presence Sometimes increased The miles. for undiminished carry can waves sound water, of bodies large ensnaring fishandmammals. years, for drift nets fishing Discarded food. for it mistake that birds and fish, mammals, marine by effects, fatal often with consumed, frequently are sea at ships by or land from oceans the into dumped items waste other solid and foam, Also bags, exist. like can life marine no or little where areas leaving oxygen, of water the rob that algae of blooms as Boka Kotorska. These excess nutrients the can spawn massive into such bay in deposited eventually released are and groundwater and are rivers, streams, local pollutants in up end example, ocean for Montenegro, Many of area coastal the in farmers the by used is which fertilizer nitrogen-rich A coastlines. from upstream far environment by ourbodiesareeventuallyendingupinthefishweeat. pharmaceuticals ingested by humans but not fully processed that discovering even are Scientists chain. food global the into introduced and organisms are marine small they by harmful consumed where depths, sea the at of collect pollutants these introduction of Many solids. other and plastics, sewage, oil, the detergents, reach fertilizers, given chemical herbicides, that pesticides, is a include sea pollutants for the Pollution man-made norm the Common outside ecosystem. are that contaminants marineecosystems impactsonthecoastaland 2.6.2.Pollutionproblemsandother is equal to the highest vulnerability obtainedinindividualmodels for vulnerability unit. thesamespatial is equaltothe highest t t t Tourism can also add to the consumption of seafood, of consumption the to add also can Tourism and whales, dolphins, seals, as such animals Marine strong a have also activities touristic Recreational According to the principle ofmaximum value,According totheprinciple fnalvalue ofcumulative unit (individualcell) ofeachspatial vulnerability n b pol apocig hi evrnet too environment closely. their approaching people by and boats, of traffic increased by disturbed also are birds dropping anchors,etc. have sediment, up stirring fishing reefs, touching people through world, the and around reefs coral snorkelling, damaged substantially diving, careless example, boating, For environment. the on impact f orsi development touristic of consequences Other vulnerability 2.7.1.Assessmentofgeneral of features the at look specifically studiesof Montenegro”area(municipalitiesBudva,BarandUlcinj). Both municipalities of Herceg theNovi, with Kotorska Montenegro: area Boka Kotor of the parts twoand Tivat and the “Riviera Boka in capacity” Kotorska, developedduring2012and2013. carrying “Tourist the and vulnerability” affect could which the activities of CAMP Montenegro: “Assessment of general impact within undertaken human studies interrelated two through ICZM The Protocol the with line in assessed, been have Montenegro of development sustainable the threatening environment, Kotorska carryingcapacityinBoka 2.7. General Vulnerability and Tourist eut o te osa zn’ assmn b the by assessment zone’s coastal the of Results value maximum of principle the includes also analysis of analysis Vulnerability the of general vulnerability synthesis The a represent models which 5, Cumulative Vulnerability assessment, presented in the Map depends endangered-polluted. is area also specific a which to it extent the of health); evaluation the on human and as (such environment segments some sea, in and uses, land potential and existing characteristics, natural on depends Vulnerability Spatial vulnerability is defined as a condition of the implemented. is intervention certain case in effects negative to rise give can that phenomena or soil space, environment, unacceptable/disallowed of planningfacilities intheseawhereprotectedareasarelocated;etc. exclude coast; the limit/controlsolutionstotransport newinfrastructure along prohibited;activitieslimitedordefinehumanother are and development such as, for The basicexample: purpose ofzones the vulnerability where urban assessment growth is intervention.suggestintegralalsoproposalsstudyor of The to determine areas less suitable or unsuitable for certain activity areas (urbanization,agricultural, sewagesystem,etc.). urgent remediation measures need to be undertaken in several vulnerabilityvulnerability.thathighclear orisTherefore, it high very having as assessed is environmentalsegment one least at whereasarea coastal entire the vulnerabilityof high t Collection of corals, shells, and other marine souvenirs often contributingtooverfishinginaspecificarea. environment. local the on effect negative a has tourists to it sell to order in them take who people local by or tourists, by (23) on ot o exceptionally to out point Landscape vulnerability Terrestrial groundwater Hot Spot Location Sea vulnerability Water pollution Flora andfauna Noise pollution Climate change Seismic hazard (biodiversity) Environment vulnerability Air quality Issue areas withhighestvulnerability. the as identified been have karstification good and porosity cavernous-cracked of rocks carbonate of Zones well aslandslidesandfloodingdeposits.Soil vulnerabilityisalsosignificant. Almost the entire coast is threatened with water erosion that mixedmanifests in surface, and deep erosion, as marine of Analysis zone. coastal entire the in habitats biodiversity emphasizes vulnerabilityofsubmarinecaves inthecoastalseaandof and species of vulnerability exceptional is There of Bokaishighlyvulnerableincaseaccidentalpollution(suchasoilspillsduetomaritimeaccidents). Porto Montenegro harbour, as well as in Igalo bay. The entire narrow coastal belt of the open sea and the Bay and ShipyardBijela between section the in part, narrowest its is Kotorska Boka of area vulnerable most The strip. situation of vulnerability is revealed for the sea quality in the Bay of Boka as well as for the narrow coastal sea particularly pronounced at are tourist Pressuressettlements and beaches, as vulnerable. well as exceptionallyin areas entirely is used for Montenegrohousing in Kotor.of zone The same coastal the in environment The Novi settlements. "SFBTPGTJHOJGJDBOUTFJTNJDJNQBDUIBWFCFFOJEFOUJGJFEJOUIFWJDJOJUZPG3BEBOPWJƥJ ,PUPS 3JTBOBOE)FSDFH in thearea. pollution of causes main and Kotorthe in Tivatare systems which Bays sewage regulate to undertaken be to have measures remediation Urgent inadmissible/unacceptable. as assessed been have hazard sea and impacts in quality farming sediments fish “Arsenal”InstituteOverhaul former the in shell example in for sites: TivatBay, on at pollution whereKotorBay in and shells regulations in bio-accumulation no of phenomena are the plays there importance Special Montenegro. that underline analysis bio-indicators and Sediments ofthecoast. hinterland aswell astomajorpart the of landscapes preserved to relation in especially vulnerable, highly is Montenegro of territory entire The nutrients andchlorophyll. of content high the Bay.is Kotor reason in The location (IBM) Institute Biology Marine at poor,especially – intermediate is Kotorska Boka Waterin discharged. quality being before treated be to has wastewater and urgently resolved be to need Discharges waters. of mixing good and depth big relatively to due lower is sea shows that its quality is outside the acceptable sanitary-technical conditions for bathing. Pollution of the open discharged directly into the sea. This habit is relevant especially in the Bay of Kotor, where wastewater analysis There are negative trends inthewholecoastofMontenegro. The mainproblem isthecommunalwastewater standards foralltheparameters. whereexceptIgalostation measurementsquality,for shownair good prescribedmet quality air that meaning Index) Quality (Air AQIshown that of air quality was application satisfactory in and all the coastal health towns where human monitoring stations on were located impacts in 2009, of criteria the on based Evaluation and noise burden rest isrecorded intown settlementsof Tivat andKotor. for serve should that beaches on recreation, areas, and around the main roads passing populated through settlements. Higher concentration of large in and diverse especially burden significant a Represents have thehighest impactintheBay ofBokahinterland. rains and storm of the coastal region is in the domain of medium to very high level. Strong rains would strong fires, forest droughts, of impacts total to related conditions, climate existing the Vulnerabilityunder Table 26. assessment, General vulnerability by mainissues Source: CAMP Montenegro. Vulnerability assessment(2013) andsuitability Description Posidonia oceanicahabitats.

2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: 49 A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 50 2. CONVENTIONAL TOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA: A QUICK VIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT n h vleaiiy seset. t s polm which problem, a is It assessment). vulnerability also (underlined the of environment in the issue for threat specific a as the sewage especially system , infrastructure land. and sea of vulnerability higher determine which tourism, bathing on orientation strong very and activities economic areas, constructed high by characterized zone coastal the of the evaluates assessment capacity carrying the followingissues: The identified assessment The development. tourism future the for Montenegro of zone coastal the of capacity maximum Kotorska carryingcapacityinBoka 2.7.2.Assessmentofthetourist Herceg Novi). Risan, (Kotor, vulnerability seismic high very by quality characterized is with which of some and surfaces/areas zones agricultural conservation overlap biodiversity surfaces planned these with presented housing); of (settlements/ scope uses the land of out vulnerable of comes share surfaces large a that municipalities, other in vulnerability also but Novi, Herceg in high with especially that note to important very coincides and high areas of construction locations of share surfaces the that shows utilization built land on Analysis high. very is construction space non-built within areas vulnerable highly of Map 5.Map Cumulative ofspace vulnerability Poor condition and insufficiency of communal of insufficiency and condition Poor congestion to due areas beach on pressure High by the principle ofmaximumby value theprinciple osdrn ta 8 % f l non- all of % 80 that Considering Source: CAMP Montenegro. Vulnerability and suitability assessment (2013) , it is is it , scenario implied protection of sensitive natural areas the areas in hinterland. deeper natural zones homes sensitive secondary of of redirection this and time protection same implied the At scenario ones. existing the upgrading and tourism by coast the from away by facilities point, that unnecessary natural relocating the from sensitive the not concluded are in which areas establishments accommodation Assessment building tourist a encouraging primarily to by The aimed achieved be scenario, should sustainable Kotorska Boka in development tourism time. long the in attractiveness further tourism decrease to with lead will coastline the in doubts overbuilding regard the this uncontrolled that fear the and coast to the area from continental population At the of redistribution excessive dissatisfaction with to principally connected are development the continentalpartofcountryislosingpopulation. (i.e. area, coastal 2011, the with comparison In and Municipality). Kotor 2003 high years extremely between show growth surroundings areas population some and (immediate Novi) Herceg of capacities accommodation tourist and homes secondary population, of concentration high by characterized is areas some that highlighted units has which usually similarbehaviourpatternstoMontenegro. , former the of area the from come of tourists and people which reside in secondary homes that share high a also, is, There country. the of part continental the with compared trend opposite growth, economic and coastal the connected region where it is recorded a constant population because hand, other assessment the Montenegro is urbanized, capacity multinational and internally well- On carrying for issues cultural socio requires, thus,seriousinvestments. main tourism markets. The actual situation of infrastructures expensive, and infrequent/scarce flight connections with the of lack flows; tourist existing motorways, which are not even planned for the next future; the for inadequate still is which road, coastal main the on congestions the especially local and landscape architecture. original the with construction new of coastal harmonization of narrow problem a the also revealed in which zones construction excessive to related (projected and treatment respecting thestandardofEuropeanUnion). network, central supply of water construction the infrastructure the of sewage completion and the water for in investments considering especially actual future near the in solved be could nlss n eorpi trends demographic on Analysis connections and infrastructure Transport territory the of vulnerability Ecological o o rpeet lmtn factor limiting a represent not do oi dmgahc and demographic socio by smaller smaller by ,

51 © RAC/SPA, ATEF LIMAM 52 © RAC/SPA, Atef LIMAM aua hrtg i te ai fr ctuim and ecotourism, for basis the is heritage Natural for suitable area rich a is Montenegro Therefore,treasures. country’s best the are landscapes and Montenegro’snature natural its of effective heritage. protection and the use through balanced solely valorisation, of achievable development is prosperous Montenegro The and treasures. sustainable greatest country’s long-term the is values, cultural and landscape its as well as biodiversity rich its including Montenegro’sJaneiro.nature, Environment de Rio in on Development and Conference UN the at introduced was became the first ecological state in the world. The document y dpig h Dcaain f clgcl state Ecological of Declaration the adopting By 20 on Montenegro of IN BOKAKOTORSKA 3. OFECOTOURISM ASSESSMENT POTENTIAL th September in 1991, the country country the 1991, in September Map 6.Map ofMontenegro map (2010) Ecotourism Source: Adria Travel (www.adriatravel.me/img/ekoturisticka%20mapa.jpg) infrastructures and services related tothistypeoftourism. infrastructures andservices the and attractions Boka ecotouristic their considering in Kotorska potential ecotourism ecotourism. the for assessing area question suitable a this is Montenegro ? ecotourism for gateway and spot important an Kotorska Boka be However,can Boka Kotorska. 4LBEBS %VSNJUPS -PWƥFO BNPOHXIJDIPOMZ-PWƥFOJTJO Lake Gora, (Biogradska Parks National to corresponding promotedtravelbyagency.a areas,four identified map The Montenegro of map ecotourism so-called the in included are regions These parks. national to visits the to watching, bird of possibility the offers which of trekking, possibility the with areas mountain From ecotourism. hs hpe tis o answer to tries chapter This 53 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA 54 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA n oa oosa te an rtce aes are areas protected main the Kotorska, UNESCO’s World Boka Heritage List. In at international level, Kotor is known as a place included on -PWƥFO/BUJPOBM1BSLBOEUIF5JWBUTBMJOB 4PMJMB )PXFWFS  19 %increase incomparisonto2011. -PWƥFO a represents which  visitors, 27.249 recordedPark SFTQFDU National JODSFBTF   B -BLF  4LBEBS BOE -PWƥFO (PSB  #JPHSBETLB %VSNJUPS  WJTJUFE 201.111 XIP were thereUPVSJTUT 2012 During increase. % 37 makes 406.000 from increased 2012 and in visitors of number the in increase an 2012 In On the level of public enterprise, revenues from entry tickets year. previous the to comparison in recorded was revenues (29) (28) (27) (26) (25) (24) etc park, regional landscape, of forms special classifications of protected areas, such as natural monument, are the main ecotourist sites. The rest falls under 40 different and area this of most cover Prokletije and gora Biogradska currently areas protected of network national The DPVOUSZTGJWFOBUJPOBMQBSLT%VSNJUPS 4LBEBS-BLF -PWƥFO  covers 124.964 ha or 9 % of the territory of Montenegro. The 3.1.1. Protected areas anthropogenic an component, intheworld. the adding in when only also, but not Mediterranean hydrological unique and geological an morphological, These nature, into of area creation this exceptional turn to contributed have phenomena area withdistinctive morphologyandhydrology. typical a is region the hinterland, its In m. 52 is bay the of valley, river a geologically was Kotor Mediterranean.the in bay unique a it depth maximum The of bay The features - especially the distinctive, vertical jaggedness - make activity.tectonic morphological byIts submerged and sunk the Montenegrin coast. enormously of parts other is from different quite Kotorska climate Mediterranean Boka of region creating structures. Special climate blend creates a stone The distinguished characteristics Sub- and vegetation relief, the special in contrasts unusual with quite nature in wealthy attractionsinBoka Kotorska 3.1. sitesand Mainecotouristic for 19.44%ofthestateterritory accounts which ha 268.558.24 to amounts area protected total nature) the doubling/overlapping, of excluding areas assembled, (protected are assets natural protected ha) (143.594 internationally and ha) (124.964,24 nationally notwithstanding the existence and form of management, the Source: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/montenegro/lovcen-national-park. Source: withthe BiodiversityStrategy National Action Planfor2010–2015 theperiod http://www.sitiunescoadriatico.org/index.php?pg=1073 Source: http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=125 Source: http://www.europarc.org/uploaded/documents/848.pdf http://www.expoaus.org/the-kotor-region-uso10 (24)

(26) . o 556.000 to € (25) which €, When, . uhniiy f t stlmns a be dwgae by downgraded been recent industrialization(shipyards, harbourequipment) has the settlements because its omitted of is Tivatauthenticity vast of a Gulf making The Orjen, area. of coincide natural massif site Heritage the World and the Park of National limits natural The the of GPSNBUJPO crests the with approximately the UNESCOListof World Heritage inDanger. hit the south of Montenegro, Boka Kotorska got its place on badly which , 1979 Followingthe List. Heritage of bays UNESCO’s smaller on World included been has two Risan- and Kotor the of -consisting Kotor of area the Bay,the of part a features, natural and cultural exceptional Heritage World UNESCO · Kotor Jezerski Vrh had. UIF Although m). (1,657 VrhJezerski and m) (1,749 influence of two climate zones: Mediterranean and Continental. Thisabundance of life is result of extreme altitudes and characteristics. under also are honey medicinal, and aromaticrare, park.endemics,ManyaroundTheretheare2,000plantsin on theBalkan territory culture Mediterranean the of radiance the in played it that role important the of testimony unique its by and Kotor of The cultural-historical region of Kotor is its considered of architecture, quality the successful integration the of its cities byto the gulf value universal outstanding of be to eea seis irt bten ee n Lk Skadar Lake and here between migrate species Several peregrinethesuchas falcon, goldeneagle imperialand eagle. avian200speciesThe found hereinclude regal preybirdsof butterflyand large mammals such asbrown bears and wolves. sage. The park is home to various types of reptile, 85 speciesrockier of thetracts complexion. Even sprout moody itswild herbs it such gives highway as that the St with beech South John’s black bordered on is Park The wort, mint and covertwo-thirds nationaltheof parksurface, particularly the Kotorroad.NorthWoodsoldwithCetinjeon and Budva - ofallMontenegrins.hearts name. Therefore, this location occupies a special place in the its (Montenegro) Gora Crna gave that mountain black the BSDIJUFDUVSBMIFSJUBHFPGUIFBSFB.U-PWƥFO  N JT and cultural historical, rich protect to established was park QBSLJO#FTJEFT-PWƥFOTOBUVSBMCFBVUJFT UIFOBUJPOBM covers an area of 6.400 hectares. It was proclaimed a national DFOUSBMBOEUIFIJHIFTUQBSUPG-PWƥFONPVOUBJONBTTJGBOE the encompasses park national this Alps, Dinara of region IJHIFTU aua ad utr-itrcl ein of Region Culturo-Historical and Natural h muti hs w ipsn peaks, imposing two has mountain The Lov TVNNJU "U n ainl Park. National ćen PI OTUF JF T CPSEFSFE JT TJUF UIF FOET  CPUI  PG -PWƥFO  (28) . JU IBT oae i te rocky the in Located OFWFS Mp ) De o its to Due 7). (Map HBJOFE UIF Š CZ tirovnikis Š -PWƥFO  tirovnik  HMPSZ (27) (29) BT . .  PƥO T INTWTUE BL O .POUFOFHSP  JO QBSL WJTJUFE NPTU UIF JT -PWƥFO territory. its on housings are there because partly  and thetown ofCetinje. Prokletijemountaineast,the ,rangeto Skadarlake KotorskaBokamountain,Orjenbay,of massifpartof huge Jezerski Vrh Frommany monument. beautiful the panoramas to leadingcan stepsbe sighted 461- to the are thereroad, be reached by road or by hiking paths hiking by or road by reached be can Mausoleum The rock. mountain six-meter-deep into Njegoš Petrovic II Petar ruler and mausoleumPark;famoustheathereMontenegrin ofis poet allowed. Jezerski Peak is the second telecommunicationhighest towerpoint and the access of tothe summit theisnot National (31) (30) http://www.summitpost.org/lov-en-national-park/601473 See section 3.2.1 about walkingSee section3.2.1 about routes On the summit of of summit the On Map 7.Map Region andCulturo-Historical Natural ofKotor property oftheinscribed -Map . Itsfoundations. werebuilt Š ionk s lcd a placed is tirovnik (30) . At the end of the of endthe At . In 2012 In Source: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/125/multiple=1&unique_number=137 onan Transversal Mountain Coastal the andCetinje, Kotor, or are Budvafromaccessed be can practiced which activities trails, mountain-biking popular and paths most hiking thewith criss-crossed Here, are mountains The years). was five for region use ski of out the if (even skiing and walking trekking, fee of2€. -PWƥFO JOUP &OUFSJOH  National Park costs 3 UP DPNQBSJTPO JO visitors JODSFBTF 27.249 recorded park national this slope. Here you’ll alsofindtheNational Park Visitor Centre. and accommodation providers and, the in winter, a on beginners’eateries few situatedski a are thereJezerskiVrh,where m),of slopeeastern (1,261 Korita Ivanova is hub main € and Njegoš Mausoleum has an entry (31) us tagt hog. h park’s The through. straight runs a 9 % 19 a , 55 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA 56 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA been recorded inthissaline 47 species of water birds and the waders of 111 bird species have as rare Godwit. Black-tailed the as and Curlew Eurasian Osprey,the species the to as such birds habitat migrating for place is resting important saline an This offer marshes salt limonium, These lavender. sea flowering as known purple otherwise the or frog water Albanian industrial saltproduction. for adapted and renewed were saltpans the 1960s, early the would employ one person to sell souvenirs, and perform perform both saleandprotection function. and souvenirs, sell to person one employ would involved, is CZIP where project another Solila, Tivat’sof their under competence. However, falls Solila There 2014, public. Zone the in Coastal to Authority the open is on Management area Law this Currently, the to According area. this of protection of charge in person or points collection no are for the purpose of bird watching along the edge of this area. installed trenches benches and handrails of repair the been has them of One actions. different with program ORNIBA the Solila in developing are (CZIP) Montenegro of birds of research and protection for Today,bridges. Centre boards and information gates, of as such infrastructure reconstruction in Solila performed Management Montenegro Zone of Coastal and Authority cleaned 2013, were In channels repaired. of this, full bridges land to abandoned addition an was In Solila waste. 2006, removed In and area this of cleaning organized Montenegro of Authority Management Zone Coastal the Then waste. (34) (33) (32) of Montenegro coastline the along surface wetlands its important most of the terms area, in constitutes, salina Tivat the Bay, of marshlands the and border Albanian the along Nature River Bojona/ Ramsar the of delta TogetherReserve. the with a jewel ecological this declared officially government Montenegrin the 2013 In Convention. under Bern status Emerald the enjoys also it and Montenegro in internationally,Area-Bird - Important IBA of status the large number of beaches was protected. The site was awarded a when 1968, since coast Montenegrin in kind this of first the FaunaReserve, and FloraSpecial as 2007 in designated h slpn o Sll ae iutd t h south the at 14 situated the are since production Solila salt of for saltpans The used been have saltpans Kotor.The of Bay the to entrance the from inland km 16 approximately Tivat,of city the of wintering water wintering birds, including somenotesonpasserines”. In: Annales ·Ser. Hist. ·1620062 Nat water wintering birds, including somenotesonpasserines”. In: Annales ·Ser. Hist. ·1620062 Nat Sackl, P.; Schneider-Jacoby, M.; Stumberger, B. (2006). of Tivat importance salina(Montenegro) for“The and migrating Sackl, P.; Schneider-Jacoby, M.; Stumberger, B. (2006). of Tivat importance salina(Montenegro) for“The and migrating Source: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/montenegro/Luštica-peninsula oia at as (Tivat) marsh salt Solila (32) . Engaging with the Nature on the Area (33) . th 15 / Ti sln was salina This . th etr. During century. ilgs ctee aogt h oie rvs f t remote its of southern edge groves olive the amongst scattered villages idyllic of dusting a and beaches secluded hides Peninsula southern headland of the Bay of Kotor, the gorgeous Luštica 27). Bay(Tablethe in beaches beautiful most the describes table (Kotor), Morinj beach, Islands of Flowers, The Blue Horizon Risan (Tivat). The following Trsteno, Novi), (Herceg Dobrec, are Kotorska Boka in Sv. Djordje, Milosrdja, CvijecaandMala Ostrvo Gospa. Skrpjela, od Gospa Sv.Marko, Mamula, islands: beautiful seven by bejewelled is Boka vegetation. dense in reflected hand other the on is which Montenegrincoast, the of parts other in than area, internal the in especially rain more bit little a with pleasant is Boka in season Summer mountains. the from drive slow of hour 1 just at coast the on coast During the winter, one can enjoy the pleasant sun and calm the while snow Mediterraneanwith flourishes with treesflowers and blossom. in covered still are surrounding mountains all when early the is Boka for feature part of the south-eastern part of the Dinaric coast. A unique indented most the is Kotor of Bay The sites. historical and resorts beaches, beautiful its structure, fiord-like natural its best-known the some are of the most amazing natural landscape in Europe, areas with marine and Coastal touristic sitesinBokaKotorska. landscapes marine and 3.1.2. Coastal attractive touristdestination. an Luštica make isolation relative and summers warm seas, sea famous scenery,and clean views stunning pirates. of The and captains legends local hear and castles, still abandoned communities village untouched surrounded by original stone walls, pristine beaches, islands, and houses stone ancient of trove a old, years 1000 than more are that and invigorating with groves olive from its see Touristscoastline. can dramatic along Within a few minutes’ walk, or drive, surrounding strolls or its to beaches, visitors numerous invites and accessible easily is seashore the Herceg Novi and Tivat municipalities. the between divided Montenegrinis Luof štica coastline. % peak, at 582 m. It has 35 km of coast, which accounts for 12 Obosnik is peninsula the of point highest long. The km 13 Lu beaches beautiful most The beaches. Beautiful The Bay of Kotor and their islands ecig u t fr the form to out Reaching Peninsula. štica (34) . The peninsula has an area of 47 km² and is Ž nie Rs ad Mirište and Rose anjice, . This area has The Blue Horizon Islands ofFlowers (Plavi horizinti) Morinj beach Risan Beach Trsteno Dobrec Ž Miriste Beach Rose anjice the open sea area. Beach is accessible only by boat. The total surface is 600 m 600 is surface total The boat. by only accessible is Beach area. sea open the in semi-island Lu štica on coveDobre č in located beach pebbles natural a is This Nearby there isPlava špilja(theBlue Grotto) andtheislandofMamula. smaller. up to 1000 people in the height of summer. Neighbouring Mirišta is considerably 300m long and 15 meters wide, is composed of white pebbles. This beach attracts trees.beach, olive The ancient and sea blue azure the of ambient the in placed is fromLuHercegItaway peninsula štica. miles the nautical four about Noviis and Ž (Jadranska magistrala).From(Jadranska theclosevillageRadovici there’s localelectrictrain beach with a resort. Beach is accessible by local road (5 km) from This beach is located in Przna cove on the Luštica semi-island. It’s a natural sandy the seaandland. from both Rose reach Youcan here. met be can sailors Spanish and Portuguese of Nowadaysdescendants world. the overthe all from seamen the for quarantine a be to used place This lovers. fishing underwater and divers for challenge true a is which bottom rocky and sandy with deep is sea rocky,the is and beach The Mediterraneanplants. of specimens extraordinary with forest a is Itsbackground most beautifulspotsoftheRiviera. the of one is Igalo.This facing peninsula, Luštica the of tip very the at hill a on leaning and sea the to next architecture, unique with settlement fishing a is Rose can tastethespecialtiesofthisplace. a unique harmony with the sea. Part of the bathing beach is a restaurant where you The beach rises in grades forming steps separating it from the forest which creates of area an covering 2.000 m². sand, and concrete of combination a is Arza Cape to next , Mirište the in located beach public HercegNoviA the Riviera. of location attractive most the is It cape. Mirište and valley Zanjic between is valley Miriste Dobreč isreported tohave someofthecleanestwatersinMontenegro. speaks foritself. It isabundantinvegetation whichprovides alotofshade. name very Its town. the from away km 2 is isle The beaches. sandy small many circle a of along shape the whole lenght of the the isle which in is 300 m long out and 200 m spreads wide. it There are and m, 1200 is beach the of surface The has anaturalattractioncanalwithmarineinland. This is a sandy-pebbly beach, 1000 m long, 15 m wide, the background of which tourism andrecreation. medicinal for convenient very and wide, m 10 long, m 1000 beach, pebbly a is ItStrp. and Risan between coast the of part the on situated is Beach Risan The way Herceg Novi -Bar. on Trsteno.connects Youthat road Trstenoasphalt bythere get can motor the to expect you what of part a only presents environment natural untouched bottom, sea sandy water, sea azure clear sand, fine with long, 200m is which beach The south . and storms waves, high from protected is is Itso and coast. land Montenegrin in the deeply of situated beaches beautiful most nine the of one is and GrbaljDonji of Trstenoregion the in beaches beautiful most Valleythe of one is te and is deeply indented in the mainland of mainland the in indented deeply is and Mirište bay the in located is anjice Table 27. beachesinBoka Best Kotorska Description 2 . Source: www.montenegro.travel Municipality Kotor /Risan Herceg Novi Herceg Novi Herceg Novi Herceg Novi Kotor Kotor Tivat Tivat 57 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA 58 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA (36) (35) the of character karst The rock. sedimentary and flysch of These surrounding mountains are of predominantly , and pits, while is the composed coastal part as such forms karst numerous with composition, steep, by surrounded is Kotorska Boka BOBUJPOBMQBSL -PWƥFOIBTCFFOEFTDSJCFEJOTFDUJPO The QPJOUTBU.U0SKFO N BOE.U-PWƥFO N "T highest the with Alps, Dinaric the of mountains limestone 3.1.3. Mountainlandscapes days sunny clear on sunrays of reflection the of result the is that colour blue unusual its of because Grotto Blue was the named It Mountain). (Wet gora Mokra cape and Harbour) Lu peninsula the on located caves of series a in attractive most and Arza as such boat, by Dobre accessible high only the in and (even Mediterranean season) isolated and typical quiet especially and beaches, natural the are maquis attraction ecotouristic Another vegetation. with covered is and peninsula This boar, in abundance. be heard Nightingales also can Scops-owls dormice. wild edible of and jackal populations mongoose, with undeveloped largely is Rapid Assessment of coastal habitats gorgonian its in the proposes RAC/SPA anemone. coral, cluster yellow the and black false the of colonies massive notably cnidarians, and sponges large-sized rich of a assemblage with associated are impressive and present are areas, reefs coespitosa diving these Inside Risan. for photosafari,bothabove andunderthesea. location excellent an is It divers. for attractive especially is other one is totally opposite - narrow and very tall. The cave two entrances. One entrance is very wide, but low, while the through accessible is Grotto Blue The swim. iridescent an for opportunity an visitors allow usually and cave m-high 9 56 pp. +annexes. Badalamenti F., Garcia Charton J.A., Treviño-Otón J., Mačić V., and Cebrian D.,Protected Coastal and Montenegro. in Areas protection Marine developmentforof of network the a of status a needing 2013.By Ed. RAC/SPA - MedMPAnet Project, Tunis. prohibited. diving Scuba strictly of organisms and the collection be regulated should pollution. organic of source any and fishing of gears entanglement debris, construction or waste of dumping structure, the particular to in damage m, mechanical 30 prevent to to down sides) two the at m area 300 buffer of a plus area core the the for of m 600 part (roughly small coast a protect to is here important assemblages. is What Coralligenous the protect to microreserves A/P - NPMP 21. ai Assmn Sre o catl aias o ep roiie h sial nw areas new suitable the prioritize help to habitats coastal of Survey Assessment Rapid UNEP/MAP, 2015. - RAC/SPA http://www.hercegnovi.montenegro.travel/en/mjesta-kategorije/priroda-i-javne-povrsine ia stae bten h by lta ua (Golden luka Zlatna bay the between situated štica, (35) č . The cave can be reached by boat. Boats head into the beaches. beaches. The Blue Grotto (Plava Lu view, of point ecotouristic the From Drazni vrt and Strp in the Bay of Kotor and and Kotor of Bay the in Strp and vrt Drazni špilja) (36) these areas as suitable suitable as areas these . This is one of the Cladocora Cladocora š tica tica similar phenomena. show places few Mediterranean, the in Elsewhere scenery. Glacial and karst type relief combine now in a unique coastal in their course. also shaped jagged peaks and ridges. cirqueshollowingvalleysand surroundingpoljes, U-shaped and Kotor of Bay the to Orjen from receded glaciers valley long Age Ice In evident. is glaciation of action the plateaux, high and ridges surrounding the and Orjen of summit main the interior.At the to over m, 1600 about to climbs bends hairpin many with metalled, first at road, The massif of Orjen lies to the Northwest of at Risan well-engineered situated bay,a the of Risan, part protected innermost of the town the From Kotorska. Boka in winter snowline. on the lower slopes, giving way to and beeches above the white can be found amongst the limestone rugged karst and of Patches Croatia. and Herzegovina the sea and descends to the north and west, well into Bosnia- rises massif Orjen’sabove Herceg coast. Novi, reaches its highest Adriatic peak just 14 km from east the of mountain highest the HercegNoviis Hercegovinaseparates fromand from 1860takesuptothetopof Vrmac Peninsula. dating road Hungarianmilitary Austro zig-zag old an town Kotor outside just From Boka. the lush of and outcrops views craggy breathtaking its with Vrmac, Mount with walks gentle and trails bike mountain provides route vegetation, provides a striking contrast to the Bay. The ridge are Gornji Stoliv andGornja Lastva. Velji vrh (712 m), and two of the most beautiful settlements of Gospa and Milosti. The Markohighest tops on Vrmac St. are St. Ilija (785 m) and of islands the with archipelago see on one side Kotor, and on the other side Tivat and Tivat and the Bay of Tivat. From the top of mount VrmacVrmac you can of part is Peninsula, over 10 km long, which divides the Bay of Kotor mountain This south. the from Kotor of town encloses and Tivat, of town of north located is It the of seawater butalsoraisingthearidityofland. salinity the lowering below, or level sea at emerge water that of much that watercourses subterranean creatingunderground, sinks configuration, karst the of because highest amountofrainfall(5155mm)inEurope. However, the receives m) 1097 (, Kotor part of particular hinterland the One of bed. sea the 33 on holes (Sopot, spring level and sea m) above BOE springs hidden -KVUB  also (VSEJƥ  are ÀLVSEB  there MFWFM TFB karst BU Numerous BQQFBS hydrology. TQSJOHT its influenced also has area onan o Orjen of Mountains Mount Vrmac *U JTBOFYUFOTJPOPG.PVOU-PWƥFO M Ojn 183 m) (1.893 Orjen Mt . and lemon trees, pomegranate trees, agaves, camellias and camellias agaves, trees, pomegranate trees, lemon and and continental orange olive-trees, palms, laurels, with as such vegetation exotic coexist species Mediterranean of distribution rich bay,the the of coastline whole the Along species. UNEP/CMSSecretariat, Bonn, Germany Coastal and marine wildlife and vegetation and wildlife marine and Coastal not wild–standforattractive onesfortourists. in Kotor and Herceg Novi), those species –although they are (held days mimosa and camellia as such events, specific are Rasovi, Grabovac and others). Since in Boka Kotorska there Kosmač, Glogovnik, Glogovac, Devesilje, Zelenika, Orahovac, Gora, Odoljen, (, localities and settlements net of nomenclature local the flowers, in reflected is it reason, this For plants, etc.). splinter honey pinewood sumac, Venetianresin, colouring, herbs, traditionally has cover medicinal Kotorska, timber, Boka In shipping and quarters (firewood, region the of population of survival and life the in importance extraordinary an had (39) (38) (37) marine life and insects, of kind all including animals, of type all cover to used widely is term the but birds, of flock a or mammal covers technically that term general Perhapsa a classic image of wildlife for many people is a large is Wildlife wild. the in animals to refer to used mostly is wildlife use, touristic- -and popular in although fauna, and flora both 3.1.4. Wildlife andvegetation regions inBosnia&Herzegovina andinCroatia. as area Orjen protected National Park transboundary could be linked a to Orjen time and create Snije to long is a challenges for planned have was plans big Today Parkthe of One problem. a be may funding Nationalbut plans. rejuvenated A cancelled tourism of standstill and war civil Yugoslavia, of disintegration The Orjen. on degree ofgeneticvariations forthemajorityofspecies the and ecology, dynamics, population on well data as of lack groups, as many for inventories of lack gaps, many with superficial, rather is Montenegro in biodiversity the about Knowledge Kotorska. Boka of areas natural in living vegetation and wildlife those on focus section The species the all about description full a provide to aim main the not is It interest. general of ecotourists attract can that by highlightingwildlifewatching. products their promote or tours, watching wildlife market specific either that companies tourism of examples provides many Internet the on search quick a and years, recent activities main RAPPAM Methodology 56 pp. +annexes. Badalamenti F., Garcia Charton J.A., Treviño-Otón J., Mačić V., and Cebrian D.,Protected Coastal and Montenegro. in Areas protection Marine developmentforof of network the a of status a needing 2013.By Ed. RAC/SPA - MedMPAnet Project, Tunis. Source: RAC/SPA - UNEP/MAP, 2015. Rapid Assessment Survey of coastal habitats to help prioritize the suitable new areas Source: Porej, D. & Stanišić, N., 2009. Results of the initial evaluation of Protected Area Management in Montenegro using Wildlife Watching and Tourism: ofafast growing onthebeneftsandrisks activityanditsimpactson A study tourism In ecotourism, wildlife watching is one of the of one is watching wildlife ecotourism, In (37) . Ti atvt hs rw daaial in dramatically grown has activity This . (38) žnica . (39) . ic te ide f h 20 the of middle the Since well-preserved the oceanica meadows. by of covered part often lower is the infralittoral shore rocky the Along mimosas. utraen an i cvs pt ad te frs of forms other and pits underground karst. caves, of in abundance fauna and diversity subterranean great Karst ecosystem a in Orjen is is particularly interesting. There there. exist The numerous endemic species of fauna and entomophauna martens and squirrels, with less attractiveness. foxes, rabbits, boar, wild include mammals Other weak. is Therefore,thetouristic attraction theseof two bigmammals inhabits wolf grey The moretheremotesomeof areas, again,but sightings rare. arerare. very are bears and humans between encounters and numbers small in Montenegro in survives bear brown However, the Eagle. short-toed the as suchprey attractivewolves,bears,partridgesof andbirds as importantecotouristicspecieswith(alsoof attraction), such to its extension and isolation. This area is ideal for the survival is the most attractive site for watching mountain wildlife due In Kotor, a film festival on marine life is held in the have atouristinterest formarinewildlifelovers. also can June.event of This beginning the and May of end with madrepores andgorgoniansspongeassemblages. depth are characterized by the presence of massive cnidarian The metres assemblages. 20 first the within Coralligenous assemblages benthic megafaunal the protect to reserves micro suitable are Risan and Kotor of vrt Bay the Drazni in Strp to and close areas the above, said As spot. unique a represent which Kotor, of Bay the in those of coast exception the along notable surveyed assemblages benthic The the with substrates, soft and hard Mediterranean of infralittoral the of typical and diverse Montenegroare of high diversity ofmarinelifeisgreat importance. conditions are environmental created and protection of specific habitat specific and way relief, a the such In of level. composition sea calcareous the or the under coastline to the Due at springs of form the in again up comes mostly and subterranean flows hinterland the from water this sitehastagreat formarinebiodiversity. importance protected by national and international laws. Because of that species some No.and resolution 4/96 the from habitats the of some have we bay the its and of part inner on this biodiversity.In fauna knowledge improving Kotorska to greatly Boka contributed have studied have researchers of Mountain wildlife and vegetation. vegetation. and wildlife Mountain th etr a number a century Maybe,Orjen Posidonia 59 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA 60 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA (40) environmental challenge majority of habitats, the appears preservation to be a special on disappeared largely have vegetation ground, sludge-clay of on grow types of complex genus these habitats the Since from wet Phragmitetalia. wetlands saline brackish in of growing vegetation vegetation and of The genus the from vegetation as well of genus the to refers apodus shqiperica andleglesslizard (guivre), frog Ophisaurus Scadar are Salina Tivat on are reptiles protection for and amphibians interest representatives of 14 endangered species listed on IUCN Red List. Species of specialalso recorded in Tivat Salina, 10 of which are vulnerable and 3 such asPygmy Cormorant,Phalacrocorax pygmeus. species threatened globally several Directive, Bird EU the of 1 Annex in listed species 11 least at of importance the is year. registeredareevery species new Particularly significant and far,several so and species bird 111 registers Solila predators singers groups, bird other with Together there. vegetation. probably nest six and while hibernate, wildlife that 35 salina) present, (Tivat constantly Solila are which of four Solila, at far so registered species bird 47 are There site. natural this in attraction main the are Birds On the slopes of Mount Velji Vrhup to a (onpeaceful hamlet through Mountchestnut woods and olive Vrmac)groves. anotherecotourist attraction isthe old pebble road that zigzags mountains, Orjen on GPSFTUDPWFSJTTPNFXIBUNPSFFYUFOTJWFJO-PWƥFO prominent especially are Karst features If Orjen. of parts warmer and lower the in appears also which , beech the UIF of colours BSF autumn -PWƥFO beautiful JO BUUSBDUJPOT NBJO UIF PG CFBST POF )PXFWFS  CSPXO PG IPNF JT 1BSL falcon, /BUJPOBM golden eagle and imperial -PWƥFO eagle can be very attractive. peregrine the as such prey of birds and butterfly of species 85 return, In watch. to difficult very again but wolves, and  Boka KotorskaBoka http://www.birdwatchingmn.org/index.php?lng=cg&page=65 Herceg Novi Montenegro City/region Kotor Tivat I category –MonumentsI category of exceptional importance (40) and Salicornietea . 11 35 10 0 1 Table 28. Culturalmonuments inBoka Kotorska maritime Juncetalia as Limonietela, . II category –MonumentsII category Rana of great importance Source: ofeconomy Publication ofMontenegro, ofresources’, Ministry ‘Map 2011 135 51 30 17 4 utrl n hsoia hrtg o Tvt is around Tivat towers -Hungarian B Austro of six the XJUI palace, heritage Verona- Bizanti the Gothic, FOTFNCMF late historical of details 3FOBJTTBODF of and number significant UIF Cultural – Buca DPNQMFY  the following: -VLPWJƥ the by characterized particularly city the as archives, galleriepubliclibraries. art such institutions major other and churches), three of (consisting historical Monastery Savina and and Church Jerome St. area), cultural this in rich Catholicism of a center spiritual has is (which Novi Herceg complex monastery Anthony St. the Fortress, Mare Forte Kanli Tower,are: ones famous Citadel, most treasures. The are that mosaics unique copyofourcoast. with villa ancient an of remains the are BaroqueInisland). -made thereRisan, church artificially of ( Rocks the of Lady Our and Church George St. treasures, cultural great urban whith Church,small Nicholas St.are the Kotor monuments, of municipality the Under preserved baroque area on the Montenegrin best coast. Among the cultural the is Perast Risan. and Perast settlements Maritime Museum interesting. ofKotor isparticulary the coast, Montenegrin the of history maritime about is it when And to. famous, is one) ortodos and catholic in altars- located are monuments the of UNESCO protection. majority The St. Luka Church The (consisting two than many famous church and catedrals in Europe. It is older St.under Triphunthe is Catedral, famous Kotor.most The Kotorska, asshown in Table 28. Boka in located are total) in (120 monuments of third one About value. culture-historical their considering categories monuments Kotorska Incultural Boka region,the 357 cultural monuments in Montenegro, divided into three are too.There tourism, sustainable of terms in relevant are 3.1.5. Culturalmonuments III category –MonumentsIII category of localimportance 187 58 23 29 6 Total 120 357 63 10 47 (41) was German project the 1987 Since This EcoTrophea2011. gradually.of winner the follow shall others signposted, the and and marked been already have Trails”“Top the routes; attractive of km 6,000 about has Montenegro today, now: different completely is This trails. biking and hiking of network paved no practically km but traffic, 3,000 car for than roads more had Montenegro 2007, the In in activities adventure offerings. tourist of range the to backcountry attractive mountainous adds It 2020». to Strategy Development «Tourism national the in included Montenegro”.and 2007 Biking in initiated was & project Montenegro” Biking Hiking & “Wilderness a project deserves special attention. The “Wilderness Hiking (Map 8)Before presenting the main routes in Boka Kotorska, Kotorska Boka around excursions and breath-taking sightseeingpoints. tour Walking beauty natural its to due Montenegro of products side sea tourism the from intangible famous most the of one are 3.2.1. Hiking trails and walking sightseeing routes routes, are walking areas, park stores of Plenty food local and theideaofecotourisminBokaKotorska.supporting restaurants, national places, for ecotourism services 3.2. Infrastructures, buildings and ofSt.of themonastery Michael . peninsula , located close to Tivat consists of remains Sr St. Arsenal, Council of Tourism award national oftheGovernment theassignmentof the prestigious in2005established WBA This is the annual award for contribution to the quality, recognition and promotion of tourist ofer of Montenegro. The Montenegro. of ofer tourist of promotion and quality,recognition the to contribution for award annual the is This S. io ad t Aaa uc. The Curch. Agata St. and Simon St. đ, Map 8.Map HikingMontenegro.Wilderness Top trailsinBoka Kotorska According to Wilderness Hiking Montenegro,Hikingthe Wilderness Accordingto from thetowns ofBokaKotorska, are thefollowing. accessible easily mountains, coastal the in tours main four globe. the around tourism in responsibility social and protection environmental to committed are for which projects EcoTrophea exemplary prize international its awarded annually Travel(http://www.drv.de/en.html)(DRV) Association has was the winner of the Wild Beauty Award 2007 Award Beauty Wild the of winner the was trail hiking This paths. access of km transversal 150 with km trail hiking 182 a is result The Montenegro’s hinterlands. of southern beauty reach natural unexplored tourism’s still the coastal into expand to Coast «Montenegrin aiming Transversal”, the established have organisations non-governmental as well as clubs mountaineering several a includes also Montenegro briefly Hiking PPT). Montenegro’s Wilderness Mountaineering Association Transferzala”,and Planinarska (“Primorska Transversal Coast mountains: coastal the over tour panoramic one ofnation’s “Top Trails”. D. C. B. A. Mountain hike to the fortress Sv. Andrija (736 m) · m) (736 Andrija Sv. fortress the to hike Mountain Ascent to the Subra (1,679 m) · 5.30 hr · 950 m in m 950 · hr 5.30 · m) (1,679 Subra the to Ascent Ascent to the local mountain of Kotor (1,098 m) · 2.15 Ascent to the Njegoš mausoleum (1,657 m) · 6.45 hr · 800 minheight|Toptrail hr ·240minheight 4.30 hr·750minheight|Toptrail height |Toptrail Montenegro. 1:450.000. Map Source: Hiking Wilderness Montenegrin (41) , and is and , 61 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA 62 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA ThemaintrailsinMount Vrmac are: Vrmacroutes. walking points(Mapstarting 9). other and Kotor Tivat,from routes biking and walking ral Park andthetown ofKotor. The totallengthis595km. PUIFSTJUFT5IFMBTUEBZTUIFUSBJMHPFTPO-PWƥFO/BUJPOBM ParkNationaland Durmitor visit to north the to goes trail days 9 this mountains, Orjen cross After Novi. Herceg at It is the top trail 1 “Salty and Sweet”, that begins (and ends) Only one of these five top trails goes around Boka Kotorska. fitness. of levels different for allowances make and stretches daily various offer routes these Montenegro” “Tourde the for km 1,276 to up km 262 from distances With Adriatic. Southern the Mega-Trans-Alp” of “the - Montenegro” de “Tourthe and country the around trails “top five selected hikes. Furthermore, 150 km access trails offer many options for day breath-takingviews.enjoy you lets path this alongday-trip a Evencoast. the of partsouthern the in Bar tomountains (42) -PWƥFO via Kotor, of Bay the around Orjen, of mountainscoastal 2006 in inaugurated was Montenegro’sNoviat Transversal Route northernAdriatic Thecoast,alongside the Herceg from and leads trail hiking tourists transversal ecotourists.This active for opportunities excellent offers and fles/2014/06/1_tivat_vrmac_two_bays_trail_eng.pdf. t t

The trailbrochure is available: http://www.montenegro.travel/sites/montenegro.travel/fles/multimedija/gallery/ Two bays · Along Medjica and mountaineering. hiking for suitable is paths and roads old of network whole a and biking, mount for suitable is and crest of Mount Vrmac. The main walking trail follows the line ad. hs akn rue a bet-aig views breath-taking has route walking This Sand). White (the pijesak Bijeli to Medjica,” “along walk can BOE idres iig Montenegro Biking Wilderness UISPVHI Source: HikingMontenegro.Wilderness 1:450.000. Map 1BTUSPWTLB (42)  (PSB : From you Mount Vrmacseve- offers  BT XFMM  BT a also has UIF 3VNJKB  the ridgesofcoastalmountains. along stretches and begins transversal coastal Montenegrin the where point the accordingalso is rails Orjen Montenegro. top Hiking the to of one is m) (1,679 Subra the to ascent fact, In greda. Reovačka and kabao Zubački Subra, spectacular: are climbs following The Orjen. the Krivošije of of mountain peaks the route of some to the lead or Crkvice, as - Ledenice - such roads, military Hungarian routes. Austro- former the follow routes walking hiking Easy trails. hiking Orjen well-markedof number a thereis mountain, the OnOrjen. of massif the access Trebinjecan and Risan Morinj, Novi, route. going through beautiful wild countryside via the old traders’ Stirovnik. The path ends in the Old Royal Capital of Cetinje the mausoleum of the most revered King in Montenegro, at visit to possible is it route walking the In ham. smoked and cheese of production its for and Montenegro of Kings the all born here because village famous a is Njegusi Njegusi. to on then and Krstac of hamlet the through walks visitor a as out levelling before way the all mountain the up winds path Kotor.The of fortifications old the of wall the beside 1BSL /BUJPOBM -PWƥFO the nationalpark. in peaks high other the towards view great a have you top, the From visible. hardly is path marked the and -partly- top, the a to route is there best; the is Babljak footprint, ZPVXBOUUPWJTJUB-PWƥFOIJHIUPQXJUIBNJOJNBMIVNBO longer.If any case the be to seem not does This accessible. the internet will states that on literature Various trails. marked along hour the within accessible; quite arepark national this of peaks All Š m), VrhJezerski(1,675 of top the to drive almost can you the CoastalMountain Traversal straightthrough. runs Lov and Cetinje, or BudvaKotor, from accessed be can which trails, mountain-biking and paths hiking with criss-crossed tirovnik (1,749 m) and Babljak (1,604 m) are both reached t

the opensea. of Luštica over and Tivat of Bay the of vistas offering tl i a ml fsemn eteet rm h 14 the from settlement fisherman small a is Stolv Through chestnut trees in Gornji Stoliv, Tivat. the topofahill(260mabovesealevel). groves and end in the church of Saint Ilija, situated on olive and woods chestnut through goes tours Walking flowers. camellia of exhibit beautiful the in crowd the festival the of “Days because of Camellia” where fish and seafood is springtime offered to the in famous is place This Kotor. and Prčanj between located century s h bs tal o cross to trail best the is Cetinje to Kotor From n akn routes. walking ćen CZ PU5JXMJH PS TUBSUT UPVS XBMLJOH 5IJT GPPU  Š tirovnik is military area and not hs mutis are mountains These od fo Herceg from Roads Gornji th

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niomna stig ta vstr ae oig o discover. to coming are visitors that settings environmental and cultural theinterpret to way experience.best the are learning guides Local and One of interpretation the main characteristics an of ecotourism is is that ecotourism interpretationfeatures.Therefore,andeducational contains infrastructure interpretation visitor centres andother 3.2.2. Signals, sightseeingpoints, Map 9.Map andwalking Network of itineraries routes inMount Vrmac infrastructures andequipment’s. interpretationthese of examples centresmain arevisitor the and points sightseeing hides, lookouts, panels, and signals Interpretation experience. interpretation this undertake equipment to need usually themselves, by travel ecotourists sustainable development issues. Local guides, or in case that better develop other survival cultural conservation, environmental toward travellers contribute properly helping to how and travel to on how on instincts focus also They http://www.gornjalastva.org/images/karta-web.pdf � VRMAC 63 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA PJEŠAČKI RAJ 64 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA me/stranice/fajlovi/2012/02/panoramski_putevi_3_sea_and_heights_eng.pdf (45) (44) (43) Another interesting initiative by National Tourism Montenegro is Montenegro of Organisation points. sightseeing of list official no is There above cities of Herceg Novi, Kotor and Tivat (Table 29). Majority of sightseeing points are located on the uplifted area interpretationKotorplentyhastownofofold The short description. However, this signals focus on cultural settings. signals.Onevery entry totheold town, there aremaps with a and theNational Biking Club. for the maintenance is in charge of the National Hiking club routes, walking of type what on Tourism.Depending and Development Sustainable of Ministry the by regulated is signalization signals touristic of content and Size,dimension visitors. the other to orientation and better and information provide to standardized Walkingintended on marks Law the of 8 article the with to According signalization, marked are tourism routes walking Routes, More information http://www.montenegro.travel/sites/montenegro.travel/fles/multimedia/www_montenegro_bild_studio_ More information Source: Parks National ofMontenegro More information: http://www.panoramic.roads.montenegro.travelMore information: Planned Existing Sightseeing pointsandlookouts -PWƥFO/BUJPOBM1BSL]+F[FSTLJ Kotor oldtown serpentines Project ofcablecarKotor- -PWƥFO/BUJPOBM1BSL (44) Solila saltmarsh -PWƥFO$FUJOKF . Four panoramic roads have been promoted Vrmac hill Vrh Table 29. andplannedsightseeingpointslookouts Existing inBoka Kotorska Panoramic roads around roads Panoramic is beingplanned. the site, and the construction of a birdwatching tower close of to the gates north gate main two the at boards information are therefar, So performed bridges. and Montenegro of boards information Management gates, as such infrastructure in Solila Zone of reconstruction Coastal 2013, May In the mainsightseeingattractionforthisregion. TUPQT %VC ,VL -PWƥFOBOE$FUJOKF 5IJTQSPKFDUXJMMCFQSPNPUFEBT is project have will and long km 15 be will Euros.car of Cable million 46.5 of worth Entire Development. and Investment for Bank European and Tourismand Development Sustainable of Ministry Cetinje, and Kotor of This project was presented in the summer 2013 by the side of municipalities of themarrangedrecently some observation, for telescopes with complemented watching wildlife for *O where avisitorcan seetheentire bayofKotor. The main sightseeing point in municipality Kotor is on old town serpentines providesit ofthe visitorsabeautifulview Tivatgroves, bay.olive of silence the in coast; the from far situated village rural a Lastva, Gornja is known best The mountain. this in are viewpoints Many Petarpoet andruler IIPetrovic Njegoš. Montenegrin famous the of mausoleum a is there peak, this In Cetinje. of town the and lake) (Scutari Durmitor,arejezero Skadarskoas Montenegro of mountains other many and east, the to range mountain Prokletijebay, Kotorska Boka of part mountain, Orjen of massif huge the to - panoramas From Jezerski Vrh (Jezerski Peak, 1,657 m) you can enjoy in many beautifully -PWƥFO/BUJPOBM1BSLUIFSFBSFOVNFSPVTTJHIUTFFJOHQPJOUTBOEIJEFT (43) . in Montenegro, one of which is “Sea and Heights”and “Sea is which of one Montenegro, in materials. advertising diverse with routes hiking and walking marked of guests and visitors. Tourists can obtain guiding map with groups organizes which service guide a is there Also setting. naturalistic room herbarium the and region the of species animal characterized the to dedicated room – room wolf a displays centre visitor This located. is Centre Visitor Park every in available are centres the main hub in visitors’ Tourism IvanovaKorita, in is centre visitor ecotourism specific only centre. The visitor ecotourism specific no is there but town road, with a slope of up to 11%, and with very dense traffic. JNNFOTFXBMMPG-PWƥFO JTBWJFXQPJOU:FUJUJTBOBSSPX the into scratched road, asphalt the of metre every almost because experience iconic an is Krstac Saddle the to climb the road, this In heights. towardsthe turn a makes it Then, the islands of Perast - St. George and Our Lady of the Rock. to Novi,way the eastwards,all coastline down the then and Herceg- of walls old the from begins length, km 590 road, Description (46) Lov ćen National Park, where the National Source: compiled by authors Municipality Kotor and Cetinje Kotor Tivat Tivat Tivat (45) . This multimedija/gallery/fles/2013/02/eco_lodge_gtz_montenegro.pdf Protection. for EconomicDevelopment. Ministry Available here: http://www.montenegro.travel/sites/montenegro.travel/fles/ inBoka Kotorska. So far, there are only three hiking clubs in presentedAs sectionin 3.2.1., there areseveral hiking routes due to its natural beauty and breath-taking sightseeing points. intangibletourism products fromtheseaside Montenegroof excursions around Boka Kotorska are one of the most famous tourist agenciesorhikingclubs. by sightseeing organized no are there but Kotorska Boka of areas Bluerural the the in caves many to are day.There trips every Grotto several make boats taxi local location, tica Peninsula) with kayak with Peninsula) (Luštica 50 49 48 47 46 this area butself-guided explore to way eco-friendly an (SUP), Stand-Up-Paddling features Montenegro+ agency the Moreover, location. this on organized been have preservation energy and watching bird of topic a with However,workshops tourist. many for site is currently open to the public, there are no guided tours Boka attraction for bird watching in in Boka Kotorska. Although the organized actions ecotourism Specific Kotorska are: winter, in diving, hiking,climbing,etc. training rowing regattas, of kinds sports all and tourism, bathing tourism: of types various for suitable Nationalthe Accordingto TourismStrategy, Boka culture and landscape resources are immense and eminently Its tourism. individual high-yield for suitable is Kotorska 3.3.1. Ecotourism products & activities Labelling Standard inMontenegro orinBalkan. for Sustainable Tourism as well as The European Ecotourism Kotorska, though, there are no Boka certifications such as InEuropean those Inregions Charter with a mature ecotourism market, organisms. authorised by lodgings certified are and activities products, ecotourism the of most activities. rural in nowadays productionfood other local and transport, as such activities present complementary presents is also chapter The Kotorska. that Boka out carried supply is the segment ecotourism tourism describes a chapter main as This Ecotourism lodging. and tours especially services, and products specialised offer that businesses by activities complementary 3.3. supplyand Ecotourism GTZ, the German Technical Cooperation (2008). Montenegroholiday.com, divingmontenegro.com http://www.nparkovi.me/sajt/ Source: http://montenegroplus.me More information here:More information http://montenegroplus.me/solila-stand-up-paddling-sup/ Hiking tours and mountain trekking mountain and tours Hiking Cave visits. There is an offer of visiting Blue Grotto Bird watching. Tivat salina is the main ecotouristic (47) . (48) . On boats its way to this to way its boats On . . Walking tour ECO Lodge concept for Montenegro . Ministry of Tourism and Environmental visitor’s centre, ecotourists can arrange guided tours.  EFQBSU Kotorska Boka of depth marine the in included locations other and caves underwater wreaks, boar the examine and dive they where excursion sightseeing the activity.organize also They of type this for boat and equipment the renting as well as experience previous the on matter no lessons diving offer clubs These area. bay Kotorska Boka in found be can this thatappealstothedivingenthusiastandevery is everything fauna, and beauty of underwater flora relief, unexplored marine underwater territory of diversity sea, the of Clearness Novi. Herceg Montenegro” “Diving and Mimoza”Tivat - «Neptun are: they Kotorska Boka In Montenegro. of area as well as car or sightseeing ofthecoastalzone from thesea. foot by different reached be to can transportation which location of service the offering boats Lu Peninsula in GrottoBlue the visit toespeciallyKotorska, Boka along such as caves, points for diving, etc. Kayak activities are footspread byreached be cannotneighbouringvisitingthat places smallkayaks.and Thesewater“vehicles” mostlyareforused beach there is a possibility to rent pedal and small plastic boats were actions these organized individually. of most but activity this for perfect is DPODSFUFSPBEGSPN,PUPSBMPOHUIFNPVOUBJO-PWƥFOXIJDI mountain and hiking old an is there the Also section. previous the in described trails in organized is activity This XBMLJOH offer Sons & Miro AdventureMontenegroand as agencies onany of the planned tours. On the other hand, some travel hikingclub has their own official Each web page Novi.with information Herceg of municipality from Subr and Kotor Kotorska:PestingradmunicipalityBokaVjevericafrom and icse te rnils f ctuim n their and ecotourism of principles implementation inMontenegro. the discusses y oa lbu ad ih epc fr h environment. the Montenegro” building for concept for a Lodge identifies respect “ECO “Ecolodge” document The with expression The and labour local by supported and built typically ecotourists, house to designed lodgements 3.3.2. Eco-lodges and other kinds of GSPN UPVST (49) yln truh adcps f aua interest natural of landscapes through Cycling Diving. There are several diving clubs in the coastal thereharbour Inboats. Scenic are every numerous Kayaking. As part of touristic offer, almost on every . š ,PUPS tica and the Solila salina in Tivat. BSPVOE  .PSFPWFS -PWƥFO  JO /BUJPOBM UIF -PWƥFO  1BSL /BUJPOBM  UIBU VTVBMMZ  1BSL (50) . 

 65 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA 66 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA are 12 camp sites located along the road and in the rural rural areas whilein the Tivat are 5andKotor only2. in and road the along located sites camp 12 are visitors can stay and enjoy the nature. In Herceg Novi, there Boka Kotorska, although there are several camp the places where in at identified been have 2006 ethno-villages No river. Komarnca in founded ethno-village, Montenegro under bungalows of the country,resorts the of part other In developed, of quite name are the activities outdoor offering Montenegro. in eco-tourism of promotion poor and good system disposal water and sewage poor has a still facility as landscape this However, serve zone. a coastal the in practice certainly eco into of example can fitting hotel and this operation environment, measures object efficiency the energy in the of implementation the heating. With geothermal refurbishing. in used were granite and wood Marble, and system treatment waste-water modern panels, solar as such technologies green advanced with fitted and refurbished was hotel the building, century f ulc bikes public of hotels offer bicycles to their customers. Certain ecotouristic Certain customers. their to bicycles offer hotels that strange not is it case, any In maintenance. of problems Electrical bicycles can be only seen in small village small in seen only be Electricalbicyclescan Car of initiative part village Free as Kotor, municipality of part Perast, called well astaxis,are easilyfoundinthemaincities. Bar, in the Montenegro Riviera. Local and regional buses, as part of the Montenegrin coast. The closest train station is in So far, use of public and sustainable transportation the ground to transportation, as there comes are no it railroads reaching this when limited been has Kotorska Boka in 3.3.3. Public and sustainable transport (55) (54) (53) (52) (51) Boka in identified been has eco-lodge one Only Kotorska: most suitablefornationalparks andotherprotected areas. arethey characteristics, Lodge ECO the Havingall mind in the location and that it is in harmony with the environment. be to has Lodge materialized so ECO that it suites environmental characteristics of each hand, other the collection, On power. rainwater for wind like sources energy systems renewable and toilets composting energy, solar a using numerous with ecologically acceptable options like: constructed ECO water heating Lodge is are an accommodation with objects low impact The acceptable. socially and on environment, designed and constructed to be ecologically oj Lsv, uiiaiy f ia. ete i a 19 a in Nestled Tivat. of municipality Lastva, Donja http://www.biketivat.com/ http://www.kotor-bay.com/perast/ http://www.montenegro.travel/en/mjesta-kategorije/wine-and-dine Ministry of Economy.Ministry http://www.septemberhotels.com/en/hotels/carruba-tivat h Eo oe Carubba hotel Eco the (53) big h frt f them of first the being ethno-villages, wih t h mmn i hvn some having is moment the at which , (52) . Tivat has also developed a project a developed also has Tivat. (51) in the village of of village the in th

car between Kotor andCetinje. overall tourism in Boka Kotorska is the construction of cable the to contribute should which project important An areas. by neighbouring far the to transportation and so fishing of purpose recognized not is Marine riding Kotorska.transportation is mainly used by the Boka local population for Horseback the in clubs riding horseback there no so are sport interactive and interesting an as locals the and Solila are easilyaccessibleby bike. Vrmac mount bay, the of beaches the as such attractions, h dvlpet f adcat ad traditional and handicrafts of developmentoutside ofBokaKotorska, even outsideofMontenegro. The souvenirs that tourists buy in theproducts evendevelopedlessaremainregion,themain the inand touristic sites are produced barriers fordevelopment ofthiseconomyare: Other Cetinje. near tales” and trails “honey the interesting is example An hotels. and restaurants local the in tourist foreign the to presented more be could product food and agriculture Local stores. groceries and restaurants small the favourable are there to region supplies and food this local providing by in demonstrated only though Even is it and enough, strong not is branch economic main a as natural conditions for agriculture, cooperation with tourism the of representative very Mediterranean cuisine,withseafoodbeingacommondish. is Kotorska’s gastronomy Boka vine. traditional and beekeeping olives, vegetable, fruits, the of on focused mainly is region Agriculture Kotorska Boka production and agriculturethe the to comes it characteristic. When geomorphologic and climate excellent favourable very a has area this food, local of restaurants 3.3.4. Local food production and website ofMontenegrin tourism official the on provided is cuisine local with restaurant of List Tramontana,Milini, etc. Stari Cappelino, Zotto Lipe, t t t t Lackofmotivationwithinlocalpopulation. agriculture between cooperation institutional of Lack agriculture for Lack of product standardization and poor competition; capacity and technology Old manufacturers; production, includingmanufacturingandpacking; with local cuisine are Prova,are cuisine local Triwith restaurantsMain (55) . (54)

biking_fyer_2009.pdf On the other hand, no ecotourism facilities have facilities ecotourism no hand, other the On areabeen identifiedintherural ofBokaKotorska. Geographic, Lonely Planet and Booking.com, YourTour,otheron: Appnostic,websites TrustYou, National aimed to travelling. (63) (62) (61) (60) (59) (58) (57) (56) platforms etc othersocial networks However,suchFacebook,as MontenegroTwitter, activelyis workingonline blogs,on mobile campaigns onTripAdvisor, through promoted isWAYN, in offer TouristKrstarica, tourism. onwell asas of promotion Kotorska Boka for websites specific no are There website topromote ecotourisminthebay. specific a not is there addition, In destination. tourism a as 3.4.1. Websites andsocial networks marketing an main the identify sites, attractionsandactivities. to as tries section This Kotorska Boka promote ecotourism destination and to to promote the main initiatives ecotouristic and tools initiatives 3.4. marketing destination Ecotourism “Rural heritageinsouth-easternEurope” inApril 2013. this on conference a to organized project “Heritage” the attention problem, attract to order In scenery. natural and intense and areas rural urbanization of city areas that is from destroying cultural heritage migration risk: currently is big heritage under Rural It society. to heritage mentionis is that an important rural the of record history unique and heritage cultural-historic of segment important of activities with tourists helps in service distinction. traditionalentertainmentlocaltavern,Havingetc.interactivea in offer lessons, cooking wineries, to visits and tasting goingfishingon tours, collecting cookingand mussels, wine accommodation and interactive services such as fruit picking, offered to be the tourist who can are interested which to visit activities rural area possibleare: Kotorska, Boka to comes it When Montenegro.AgricultureMinistryof Accordingclaimsof the to in areas rural developing that help opportunitywill the is tourism development, Rural and 3.3.5. Ruralactivities hiking__biking_factsheets_2011.pdf montenegro_2014-1.pdf http://www.montenegro.travel/sites/montenegro.travel/fles/multimedija/gallery/fles/2014/06/1_tivat_vrmac_two_bays_trail_eng.pdf http://www.montenegro.travel/sites/montenegro.travel/fles/multimedija/gallery/fles/2013/02/wilderness_hiking_map_eng_0.pdf http://www.montenegro.travel/sites/montenegro.travel/fles/multimedija/gallery/fles/2014/06/montenegro_wilderness_ http://www.montenegro.travel/sites/montenegro.travel/fles/multimedija/gallery/fles/2014/06/roadbook_montenegro_ http://www.montenegro.travel/sites/montenegro.travel/fles/multimedija/gallery/fles/2014/02/panoramic_roads_around_ http://www.montenegro.travel/sites/montenegro.travel/fles/multimedija/gallery/fles/2013/02/maps_of_beaches.pdf Ofcial web pageofNGOEXPEDITIO(www.expeditio.org/en.html) and “Heritage” project (www.bastina.eu) http://m.vijesti.me/vijesti/divlja-ljepota-se-slabo-vidi-internetu-clanak-138182 (57) . Montenegro as a tourist destination has its place (56)

Other national websites where you can find specific (but poor)ecotourisminformationinBokaKotorska are: all relevant touristicinformationisposted. Boka en/andHerceg inmunicipalityNovi http://www.hercegnovi.travel/)- each websites, these Besides where (Kotor - http://www.tokotor.me/en, Tivat - http://tivat.travel/ Kotorska has its own web page of the local Tourist Organization in tourism promoting are that websites Important following table(P. 68). general and ecotourism in Montenegro are mentioned in the brochures, leafetsandothers 3.4.2. Promotional materials: rmtoa mtras dtd y National by Boka Kotorska: edited in ecotourism to related materials be can that materials promotional Promotional Organisation of Montenegro has edited and published several Montenegro. Tourismof Organisation leaflets brochures, also are there websites, Besides national products andcuisine,etc. routes, hiking parks, national ecolodges, the on maps and Montenegro, Herceg Novi and thefourth Tivat in thefifth. destination Finally, popular it is interesting to most look at Trip second Advisor, the one is Kotor content. user-generated with world the of website travel main the of t t t t t t t t Montenegro´s MountaineeringAssociation: http://www.

MontenegroWildernessHiking Map Mapofbeaches PanoramicroadsaroundMontenegro TivatVrmactwobayshikingtrail book road trails 17 Biking Wilderness Montenegro Factsheets Biking & Hiking Wilderness Montenegro sajt/ (onlyinMontenegrin). http://www.nparkovi.me/ Parks: National Montenegro Mapflyer and update pscg.me/en/. (59) (58) ( 62) ( 60) NationalTourism ( ( 63) 61) 67 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA 68 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA (68) (67) (66) (65) (64) Tourist Board of Kotor, Port of Kotor and seasons”Maritime Museum of Montenegro have been sponsored “Kotor for all XJUIJOGPSNBUJPOBCPVU-PWƥFO/BUJPOBM1BSL published has Travel Montenegro addition, In video short a Advisor Trip in ii-otngocm a eie a brochure a edited has Visit-Montenegro.com Lastva” “Gornja leaflet the organisation is one non-profit last “Vrmac Hiking paradise” thatincludesamap. The The Vrmac. mount in itineraries biking and walking about leaflets and maps edits regularly other and NGO by institutions edited materials Promotional Wilderness Hiking &Biking. and culture andfilmedfrom June 2012toMay 2013. Visit Montenegro has also Montenegro Visit activities such as hiking and biking, weather conditions, cultural attractions, etc. Regarding ecotourism, it presents information on ecolodges located Montenegro,in North transportation Montenegro, and important attractions. www.visit-montenegro.comprovides information accommodation,theon inget howto following: the is website this through provided information view, of point ecotourism the From «Montenegro-Wildbeauty», represent theiroffertothe Internet usersworldwide. brand umbrella the under entities, Commercial Montenegro. of Organisation TourismNational the of website official the is www.montenegro.travel Flickr andGooglePlus. Montenegro Travel has also a crowded city. provides information on ecolodges in Montenegro where a person can relax, away from topics relevant Montenegrin,in also discussed. only are preservation whereportal, environment This as such Montenegro in portal ecology first the is www.reciklirajte.me Montenegro of it hasdeveloped ablogtitled“Best t t > > > > MontenegroWildernessBikingMap http://www.montenegro.travel/sites/montenegro.travel/fles/multimedija/gallery/fles/2013/02/wilderness_biking_map_eng_0.pdf http://www.tripadvisor.es/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g635648-i58406077-Montenegro.html https://vimeo.com/68085730 http://www.visit-montenegro.com/downloads/brochure/NP-LOVCEN.pdf http://www.montenegro.travel/en/content/unique-guidebook-wilderness-biking-montenegro Ecotourism activities Montenegro:in places where youcanpractise andtravel Nature and public areas Panoramic roads:oneofwhich,Seaandheights,beginsatBokaKotorska. Ecotourism lodgeslocatedonthenorthofMontenegro. kayaking, mountaineeringbirdwatchingdivingandhiking. are promoted activities The one. each offer that agencies etc. that can be filtered by municipality. Unique Guidebookto“WildernessBikingMontenegro” (68) , apromotional filmofKotor focusedonhistory Facebook page Facebook : national parks, rivers, caves, panoramic views, beaches, Facebook page, (66) eae t Montenegro to related , witter l e n n a h c r e t t i Tw ( 64) Twitter channel, ”. and and YouTube page YouTube (65) (67) photo safari, photo Pinterest, to ecotourism: related be may that Kotor in Events etc. carnivals, festivals, differentthrough incorporated be may they but ecotourism of promotion the on only focused events no promotional are there far ecotourism specific So history. and cuisine no culture, products, local are promoting There on focused mainly are Kotorska Boka in organised events events in Boka Kotorska and Montenegro. The promotional 3.4.3. Promotional events in March, for which Kotor housewives and flower growers flower and housewives Kotor which for March, in European countries. the of some and region the from countries the of from seabed the movies on movies Besidessee can visitors seabed. the Montenegro, the of surveys and diving underwater, depict to screen the through and Montenegro films is held to promote the richness of the marine waters of years in Kotor, during June, a festival oriented to underwater . In addition, Youtube, biking, newtr im Festival Film Underwater Ktr: mnfsain held manifestation a (Kotor): Camellia of Days Ktr: o several for (Kotor): stakeholders in Five Boka Kotorska.great groups of stakeholders themselves.have been Theidentified, figure 6 presents a sociogramplus aofsixth unorganisedthe ecotourismgroup which is formed by ecotourists region ofBokaKotorska. the section in sector tourist the This in stakeholders main ecotourism. the and describes of organisations development strong the are a in have stakeholders can impact influence Ecotourism of capacity their of because or themselves by which private, and public both entities, 3.5. stakeholders Ecotourism Montenegro. in projects implementation ecotourism all promotes way a in energy sustainable and lifestyle healthier food, organic promoting is that activity tourism any hand, other the On communication ecotourism Montenegro. in ecotourism specific and villages eco the no on focuses is There which minute” “Eco exception: called show a is there an radio on With Montenegro. and Kotorska Boka in the sameperiodlastyear. with comparison in stays, (increase/decrease) overnight trend a and indicating guests on reported are data season, the during basis, investments monthly a on operators, usually Also, tourism... tour in with contracts signed and fairs, markets tourist to visits delegation Montenegrin events, the of attention organization of the area: lot this a in devote developments Montenegro on report in regularly Media various they and primarily materials, promotional includes tourism repertoire Their tourism. to media 3.4.4. Communication through mass was festival enviroment preservation. and promotion ecology Montenegro of goal a with in 2011 in organized festival Educational and programms areand sport organized withinthefestival. cultural entertaiment, touristic, numerous A this music. brass for special and majorettes called is Novljanke young are What manifestations flower. mimosa the celebration honoring a is Festival Mimosa Febraury. whole for It last 1969. from organized manifestation tourist important «Lady ofcamellia.» achievementspreviousthe of title yearthe for candidate and sacrifice engagement, social that person, female famous «Camellia the is out Ball» and the selection of ladies of camellia. This is usually a point to thing important most the day.However,the on performances theater exhibitions, art flowers, of spring exhibition an is the there gardens, Kotor during all adorns which camellia, flower, beautiful a of honor year.In all during preparing are Kotor of Bay the in “Ekofest” most the Novi): (Herceg days» «Mimosa (Herceg Novi): only Ecolocical Cultural ih () in drn te lbrto o ti Feasibility this Study. of elaboration the during sign) As below. (*) marked described a (those are with stakeholders interviewed Ecotourism been have of stakeholders some these (1.3), section methodology the in explained we annex totheFeasibility Study. marinas. interviewed.), the in More information about these was stakeholders is available clubs as an yacht Kotor) sector and private the commerce, (in in stakeholders restaurants, relevant Other Cattaro Hotel services, accommodation all (Amongst services accommodation are (English, Russian, Italian…). languages foreign some in proficiency language irregular an promote new initiatives on ecotourism. In addition, there is organizing in to capacity insufficient have and medium-sized and specialized small- are are Montenegro agencies Most ecotourism. agencies toward of only oriented is region that seaside Listed the in agency no services. is There transportation and accommodation excursions, A number of travel agencies, dealing with organized visits to various sites, are acting in Boka Kotorska(Table 30). local providers, rural entrepreneurs services ,etc. in transportation guesthouses investors, and areas, hotels small activities, travel is specialized ecotourism of agencies travel and operators in tourism, active involved of sector providers companies, hiking specialized and private guiding as: The tourist activity (or could potentially do it in the future) such their out carry that agents private those all by represented 3.5.1. Private sector n/ ws one i 17 ad a be dvlpd in developed been Montenegro. has accordance and withthegrowing of needsofMontenegro. 1974 University in founded http://www.ucg.ac.me/ was eng/) page: web (Official Montenegro and research centres of 3.5.3. institutions Educational issues with deal bodies public of number A in theTable 31. mentioned are important most the them, Among tourism. that helppromote tourism. tourist of responsible organisms are numerous the and development, rural that planning, organisms the for is role the leading the tourism, of area the Inresearch. and knowledge environment, natural the nature protection and the universities –that contribute with of area the include organisms the management bodies of These protected In nature role. reserves, leading obvious an have landscape and nature of conservation the for responsible organisms 3.5.2. Public sector h Uiest of University The 69 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA 70 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA studies (Table 32). undergraduatePhDgraduate, studiespostoffersandmaster besides faculty every Almost programs. two study independent and institutes three faculties, 20 includes It . and Budva, Polje, Bijelo Bar, Novi, HercegKotor,

Adventure Montenegro* Montenegro Travel Idea Globtour Montenegro Montenegro + Miro &Sons* Perfect Travel Adria travel 5PEBZ Labosta (Kotor) (Kotor) Cipa  JU JT TJUVBUFE Travel agencythatoperatessince1997andorganizes daytripstoMontenegro andtheregion. NPVOUBJOTXBMLJOH TFBLBZBLJOH SBGUJOH IJLJOH GJTIJOHy5IFZPGGFSHVJEFEWJTJUTUP-PWƥFOBOE7SNBD Montenegro and sea Adriatic at tours active day single and day multi offers that SpecialistHolidaysActive rvl gny feig wd coc o hldy i Mneer, ih ra vle xusos and excursions value great with Montenegro, in holidays of choice accommodation aswell asvariety oftouristservices. wide a offering agency Travel excursions tours,transfers,individualarrangements,congresses andcruise andconferences, andspecialevents. Montenegro.organizesagencyoperatorsin representationtourforeignThe andprovidingofservices travel Oneofthe oldest tourist agencies inMontenegro. It was formed in1977 and for almost 35years, ithas been insurance,languagecourses,aswell asorganizingattractive trips. services, rent-a-boat and rental car transfers, Organizing accommodation. private and hotel providing and abroad, Montenegroand in both arrangements travel selling world, whole the for tickets air of sale the in Engaged associations,holidaysforschoolchildren),tourist packagesforgroups (companies,organisations,sport etc. tailored or trips day one of organization accommodation of categories all in bookings with dealing Agency German, English, in guides tour Russian, Italian, French, Spanish, AlbanianandMontenegrin. professional and experienced providing Sons & Miro agency Guiding On-line agencythatbooksactivitiesandaccommodationinMontenegro kayak tripstotheBlue Cave inLuštica peninsulaandSolila. do also Vrmac.MountThey in Bike Mountain Tivat,above climb rockKotor, of Bay the around Kayak and SUP Kotorska: Boca in especially and Montenegro around tours sports adventure offer Montenegro+ JO 1PEHPSJDB Figure 6. stakeholdersinBoka Ecotourism Kotorska Tourist’s  /JLÝJƥ Table 30. Travel agencies  $FUJOKF  (Table 33-34). undergraduate6 faculties, postgraduate5 PHDand1studies is universitymember of the Balkan The Universities Montenegro.Network. It in is organized establishedin university privatefirstthe wastime, that at and2006 founded in was University “Mediterranean”. “Mediterranean”. University Locatedin Podgorica, Tourism (MSDT)* Development and National Tourism National parks of Organisation of municipalities* environmental Development* Development Montenegro* Montenegro* Coastal Zone Management Sustainable Sustainable Agriculture Ministry of Ministry Ministry of Ministry Agency for Agency protection and Rural Authority Office for Local promotional activities of all tourism subjects and co-operate with tourism organizations in the country and abroad. be to it enable connected and with other information systems Montenegroin the country and abroad; co-ordinate in and unite the informational and system information tourism a develop and create etc.; presentations shows, conditions the create provideand tourism at exhibits valuesbypublications, tourism potentialsof of andway affirmation for means the studies; tracking out carry and markets tourism international and domestic the on trends and abroad, create the annual program for informational and promotional activities of the state; follow and analyse promotionalMontenegroand of informational activities tourism the out country the in both carry and plan They Tivat), operating on the local level. By now, they are not officially coordinated amongst them. amongst coordinated officially not are they now, By level. local the on operating Tivat), localTourismown municipalityits each promotion.fact,has InOrganisation Kotor*,(TO HercegNovi,TO TO KotorskaBoka municipalities (Herceg Novi, Kotorand Tivat) havecompetencesurbanplanning economiconand organization ofnationalparks. international an Federation, European the of member a is accordance organization This in regulations. and promotion, laws and relevant with policies internal establishing resources, natural of use the control protection; of National Parks of Montenegro is responsible for the protection and management, preparation and implementation development, spread awareness andencourage activitiesinthefieldofsustainabledevelopment atalllevels. State,» co-operation with international organizations to provide overseas assistance for priority projectssustainable fordevelopment sustainableandthe priorities established bythe document «Directions ofMontenegro asanEcological work of the Council. It prepares and implements plans and projects in accordance with thewith allpillarspurposes sustainableof anddevelopment. principlesOffice responsibleis of directly thetoPrime Minister, whoalsochaired the OfficeTheoperates withinGeneralthe Secretariat Governmenttheof Montenegro, of outsideministries dealsand enterprises/ service providersenterprises/ service –localandregional). collectionandtreatmentimplementation ofmasterplansforwatersupplyandwastewater andwork ofcommunal howeverEPA).coordinates MSTD under is inspection (environmental environment except competence its under areas the all objects for inspections includes for MSDT development. tourism permits competence); its under construction plans spatial on of based (issuance construction and locations) of studies state plans, spatial industrial detailed waste, and purpose nature, special (national, change, planning spatial affairs, climate communal air,noise), chemicals, control, issues, risks and (horizontal pollution policy Environmental of charge in is MSDT oioig Evrnetl npcin cmuiain ih eeat oetc n itrainl ois and bodies licensing, international and as organizations, aswell aswiththepublic. domestic such relevant affairs with protection communication environmental inspection, Environmental for monitoring, competent is Agency Protection Environmental The Tivat) andotherenvironmental issues. cooperation with local municipalities and national agencies in management of protected areas (such as Solila site in international beaches, cooperation in and international participation on projects, promotion of environmental protection, and participation quality water bathing the of monitoring ports, local the of management areas, public the summer season, building and maintenance of the coastal infrastructure such as sea walls, ports, docks, and other development. Main activities sustainable are: and renting arrangement of properthe beaches its and ensure locations for to seasonal and tourist and area service the objects during of protection the provide to order in zone the coastal manage to aim the with 1992 in established was Montenegro of Authority Management Zone Coastal The that are definedinthejurisdiction. in these areas; administrative control of the areas for which the Ministry has been established,useand water supply, as well protect as water otherfrom pollution, activitiesuse of water resources, economic relations and public companies improvementofforest hunting andhunting ground, plant protection from plant diseases andpests; regime ofwater and agro-industry, exploitation products, agricultural economic development, basic of balance development; and livestock);development beekeeping;of freshwater marineandfisheries, ruraldevelopment, financingproduction of viticultureprotection),plantandand farming(production, cultivation,of types protectiondevelopmentall and of agriculture,protection, utilizationimprovement and agricultural of productioncropland, (agriculture, horticulture developmentin policyandcurrent measures ofresponsible DevelopmentforRuralAgricultureis and of Ministry Table 31. publicbodiesdealingwithissuesoftourism important The most 71 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA 72 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA n niomna peevto, rtcin f historic with a list of NGOs of Thereand aredescription severalof non-profit its organisations activity involved is available table protection A etc. styles, life healthier of promotion monuments, preservation, environmental in 3.5.4. Non-proft organisations Marine Biology Institute Faculty forManagement Faculty forInternational economic development* Faculty for Tourism and Management Algonquin Faculty for Tourism and Underwater Demining Faculty of Tourism Bar – MTS –"Montenegro entrepreneurship and Business from Budva Hotel Management, Faculty ofMaritime Divers Training and Regional Centre for Hotel and Tourism Tourism School* Studies –Kotor in Herceg Novi Institute for - Miločer Kotor* was foundedin1993attheFaculty ofEconomics ofUniversity ofMontenegro. Montenegro.It in sector private and entrepreneurship of development in support provide to aim the with established tank think economic an is (IEED) development economic and entrepreneurship for Institute sea and biology General fishery; researchprotection; Exploratory andmariculture; andmarinestudies and observation Fish biology; molecular and biochemical chemical, of the entire coastal region of Montenegro. Besides observation, they are making numerous testing in the areas in as well as area bay Kotorska Boka in fauna marine the of observation for charge in Kotor,is in Located This research ofmarineecosystemaswell centre astheirpreservation. isalsoinchargedfor observation materials. explosive of tons 120 than more removed have they formed, was organization this when 2002, Trainsunderwater.weaponslocated dismantle and properlyhandle to world arounddiversthe all Since the banking; Taxes, customandinsurance;Business informationalsystemande-business. and accounting Finances, Tourismcourses: hospitality; orientation and four are there studies basic of part Novi.As Herceg of municipality Igalo, in located in Facultyis Diploma. Supplement degreeas well as bachelor management acquires student their studies, education year third finishing After 2009. in Founded which for200years isinaccordance withISO9001standards. naval machinery, (nautical, electro technology). Facultystudies of AppliedMaritime studies in and Kotor is the studies) first higher education facility master in Montenegro and postgraduate basic of both contains Educational ofacademicstudies(nauticalscienceandnauticalmanagement curriculumisorganized aspart y raig nwegal hmn eore i te ra f oil cec, aal fr mlmnig the implementing for capable science, knowledge gathered inthisFaculty social inMontenegro andentire world. of area the in resources human knowledgeable creating by Its mission states that though scientific- educational unit and teaching curriculum, educates youth population hotel supervisor, receptionist, wellness employee, animator, pizzamakerandbartender. courses for specific job positions such as cook, waiter, hotel butcher, baker, chambermaid, supervisor, general professional career. Besides the courses of International management in hotel business, this college offers the are designed to provide and practical the use knowledgewhich of is always defined as a good start in theory to place a Centre, qualification and working Educational experience required by the tourism and accommodation industry, their programs Hotel the skills, general the on as knowledge providing By leaders. recognizable future and employees employees, globally students, educate becoming of mission a has Budva in twoorientationcourses: Tourism managementandHotel management. Founded in 2004 as a first privately owned high education faculty in Montenegro. This faculty is organized this educationalinstitutionisfocusedtowards Hospitality and Tourism Management. of Entirecurriculum studies. master the for course one and studies postgraduate the for course one studies, skills, managerial and knowledge professional lifelong education in education, the area of hospitality general and tourism. This faculty of offers one course for balance the undergraduate the creating characteristic, leadership Itswith managers of researcheducation scientific accommodation, the and is tourism mission of Table 33. Somefaculties ofthe University«Mediterranean» Table 32. Somefaculties ofthe UniversityofMontenegro Table 34. Research centres u sm o te Gs r pooig n organizing So andfar, there promoting are no are proposals concerning NGOsecotourism related activitiessuchashikingandbiking. ecotourism, the of some but region are listed inthetable35. the in NGOs main however,the study; this to annex an as 3.5.5. organisations International Environment Programme of Birds ofMontenegro)* Organization (UNWTO) Protection andResearch Pestingrad Hiking Club Vjeverica Hiking Club National Hiking Club National Biking Club Ecotourism Society Subra Hiking Club The International CZIP (Centre for NGO Expeditio* World Tourism United Nations Gornja Lastva* Delfin (Kotor) Ekoboka Nautilus (UNEP) (TIES)

can befoundonthewebsite ofthisorganization. of Benefit Living /a new layer of creative building and planning in Montenegro. Information on the project efficiency in buildings and enhancing cooperation between coastal municipalities. It has developed a project Their action is referred to environmental policy, planning, protection of cultural and natural heritage, energy Is involved inenvironment preser vation from illegaltrashdisposal. Organisation focusedonmarineissues. Performs estimate on the environment and helps in making of planned documentation for spatial planning. and tourism sustainable through Vrmac Mount in ecotourism initiatives. Lastva Gornja to of related village old especially the heritage, of architectural recuperation the and customs traditional of preservation identity, cultural of improvement and preservation of sake the for founded organization nongovernmental a is Lastva Gornja International. NatureBirdLife of and Conservation UnionInternationalfor of members ORNIBA. areproject They the through Salina) (Tivat Solila of restoration the in participating are they and institutions, numerous from from projects organization several realized other have they far, with So protection. environment cooperation of area and the in education abroad and Montenegro civil fauna, the their of of protection monitoring and also watching is bird habitat besides mission their 2000, December in Podgorica in Founded Organisation focusedonhikingactivities,situatedinHerceg Novi. Organisation focusedonhikingactivities,situatedinKotor. Organisation focusedonhikingactivities,situatedinKotor. Organisation focusedonbikingactivities. Organisation focusedonhikingactivities. www.ecotourism.org/ties-overview). Montenegro isnotmember of TIES, sofar. http:// ecotourists( and experts, development general managers, and owners governments,lodge operators, organizations,tour architects, and professionals conservation consultants, academics, including: segments TIES currently has members in more than 120 countries, representingecotourism. variousof principles professionalthe practice andfields promoteindividuals and organizations,industry andcommunitieshelping to development. Through membership services, industry outreach and educational programs, TIES conservation,isviablefortool tourismmake acommitted protection bio-cultural of diversity, sustainableand community educationalresources. TIES'global and network ecotourism assistance,of technicalprofessionals training, andtravelers standards, leadingis theefforts and to guidelines providing ecotourism, of development the of Non-profit organization dedicated to promoting ecotourism. Founded in 1990, TIES has been on the forefront includes 156countries,amongwhichisMontenegro, since2007. and support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide. UNWTO’s membership leadership offers and sustainability environmental and development inclusivegrowth, economic of driver a as tourism promotes UNWTO tourism, of field the in organization international leading the As tourism. accessible universally and sustainable responsible, of promotion the for responsible agency UnitedNations CAMP Montenegro, andespeciallyinthedevelopment ofthisFeasibility Study. in involved actively been have Production and Consumption Sustainable for Centre Activity Regional the Activity Centers, amongst which The Regional Activity Centre for Specially ProtectedRegional in Areas structured (RAC/SPA)is UNEP-MAP and Convention. The Barcelona the of parties contracting the of one is Montenegro development. sustainable achieve to plans national and regional boosting while environment coastal and marine the protecting of challenges the meet to determined are Protocols its and Convention Plan Action Mediterranean BarcelonaMAP, the the Convention. to ThroughPartiesBarcelona Contracting the the the to related (MAP), developed has (UNEP) Programme Environment Nations United The Table 36. Organisations actingintheregion MainInternational Table 35. MainNGOsintheregion 73 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA 74 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL IN BOKA KOTORSKA rud h wrd s o no ntrl niomn, have environment, natural enjoy to is world the around ecotourists the for motivations important Mostcustoms”. regenerateprotectnaturalenvironmentandthelocalto and communities, higher standards of service along with the abilityrespect forsocial- cultural andecological interests thelocalof “Touristsseekingaremoreinteractivea tourism, withgreater report, that According to men. than women ecotourists are income. When it comes to the gender differences, morebehighlyslightly educated professionalsmore withmoderate highto significantmiddle-agedcomponentto oftravellerstend and a ages,withallworld. of overthearecoming Theyallfrom ECO_Lodge_Concept_for_Montenegro.pdf.), ecotourists are here.:http://www.velikaplaza.info/gallery/brosure/ information ConceptLodgereportfor“ECO Accordingthe to More Development, 2008. Rural Tourism and of with Ministry partnership in Economy of (MinistryMontenegro” 3.5.6. Ecotourists (travel agencies) institutions and research centres Private sector organisations organisations International Stakeholders governments Educational government Ecotourists Non-profit National Local 1SPWJEJOHGFFECBDLPOUIFFDPUPVSJTNPGGFSJO#PLB,PUPSTLB t t 'BDJMJUBUFBOETFUUIFGSBNFXPSLGPSUIFQSPNPUJPOPGFDPUPVSJTN t .POJUPSJOHUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGUIFTFQPMJDJFT t $PPSEJOBUJPOXJUIUIF/BUJPOBMHPWFSONFOUUPQSPNPUFFDPUPVSJTNQPMJDJFT t (FOFSBUJOHBOEGBDJMJUBUJOHOFUXPSLT t &OUSFQSFOFVSTIJQQSPNPUJPO t 0GGFSJOHTFSWJDFT TUVEJFT GVOET SFMBUFEUPDFSUBJOQSPKFDUT  t 1SPNPUFOFXFDPUPVSJTNJOJUJBUJWFTJODPMMBCPSBUJPOXJUIUIFQSJWBUFTFDUPS t $POUSJCVUJOHUPFDPUPVSJTNQSPHSBNTUISPVHISFTFBSDI CFTUQSBDUJDFT TUBLFIPMEFSNFFUJOHT FUD t *OWPMWFNFOUBOEFOHBHFNFOUPGTPDJFUZXJUIOBUVSF t 1SPWJEFUSBJOJOH JOGPSNBUJPOBOEUSBEJUJPOBMLOPXMFEHFUPUSBWFMBHFODJFT t -PCCZJOHUPQSPNPUFOBUVSF t 0GGFSJOHUSBJOJOHBOETLJMMT NPSFJOBUIFPSFUJDBMMFWFM t #SJEHJOHHBQTCFUXFFOTUBLFIPMEFST t #BTFMJOFJOGPSNBUJPO JOWFOUPSJFT DPNQJMBUJPOT  t ,OPXMFEHFTVQQPSUUPBMMTUBLFIPMEFSTJOBMMBDBEFNJDGJFMET t Supportparksandprotectedareas,avoidover-exploiteddestinationstodeveloplesser-knownsites. t Minimisetheimpactonenvironmentandprovidebenefitsforconservation. t Buildenvironmentalandculturalawarenessthroughinformationeducationforcustomers. t Identifyingneedsforentrepreneurs. t Identifyingpotentialforbusinessinecotourism. t Havingdirectcontactwithecotourists(customers). t Providinginformationontheirownactivities. t Demandingproperinformationonresources. t Creatingnewjobs. t Creatingnewecotourismproducts. t %FWFMPQJOHQPMJDJFTUPQSPUFDUBOENBOBHFOBUVSBMBSFBT t $SFBUJOHFDPUPVSJTNTUSBUFHJFTBOEDBNQBJHOTBUB/BUJPOBMMFWFM t $BQBDJUZCVJMEJOH t 'BDJMJUBUJPOPGQSPQFSDPOEJUJPOTGPSFDPUPVSJTNBOEFYDIBOHFBNPOHTUTUBLFIPMEFST t -BXTBOETUSBUFHJFTDSFBUJPO t 0GGFSJOHTFSWJDFTUPFDPFOUSFQSFOFVST JOGPSNBUJPO USBJOJOH MPCCZJOH  t .FEJBUJPOCFUXFFOJOEJWJEVBMTUBLFIPMEFSTBOEPUIFSTUBLFIPMEFSHSPVQT /BUJPOBMHPWFSONFOU FUD  t $SFBUJOHQSPGFTTJPOBMBEWJDFBOEQSBDUJDBMUSBJOJOHUPFOUSFQSFOFVST t &OWJSPONFOUBMQSPUFDUJPOUISPVHITQBUJBMQMBOOJOH t 1SPWJEJOHBENJOJTUSBUJWFTFSWJDFT t $PPSEJOBUJOHBDUJPOTJOUIFNVOJDJQBMJUJFTBOEQSPNPUFBDUJWJUJFT t Consuming ecotourism products and services by travel agencies and other ecotourism businesses in the region. Table 37. Role inBoka ofthemainstakeholdersecotourism Kotorska high income, etc. holidays,differenthighlyeducated,ages,moderately have to preservation, interested to experience other cultures, environment involved in travel,like active to Ecotourism Society: like International the definition of the by given those similar to Characteristics Kotorska potential are Boka ecotourists of in takingguided interpretive and hikingtours wildlife, and viewingvisiting scenery, parks admiring and forprotected areas. touristsdecidespecificwillecoaction,majority to comesof “experiential”traveling.whilelearnvacationtoit When and some othersare potentialroles yet tobedeveloped. Having described the various stakeholders involved Some of them are currently undertaken by the stakeholders, roles. main their summarises 37 Table the ecotourism, in of ecotourism in Boka Kotorska 3.5.7. Role ofthemainstakeholders Role Source: Compiledby authors 75 75 3. ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL© RAC/SPA, IN BOKA AtefKOTORSKA LIMAM 76 © RAC/SPA, Atef LIMAM ciiis n ecrin) n sm wl-eeoe travel well-developed some well-developed and excursions) and activities a presents nautical cruises, culture, are important (most products and Kotorska Boka tourism sector attractive destinationintheMediterranean. very a Kotorska Boka of the make products & food traditional in since 1979, local people hospitality, and its valued local and Site Heritage UNESCO an position as declaration Kotorska Boka geographical as such values conditions cultural and area) the in industry of absence the to environmental due good air clean its good and climate Mediterranean (pleasant capitals, its Its European stability, major political to close Mediterranean, a become to conditions the has Kotorska Boka top Mediterranean destinationallyear round Boka Kotorska Strengths &Opportunities 4.1. Conventional sectorin tourism complementary and sectors; andstakeholdercollaboration. supply ecotourism ecotourism; for services and buildings infrastructures, attraction; touristic with resources natural tourism laws; and public planning land tourism; will we strategies, gathered, information the all conventional Considering the issues: main on aspects negative and positive of diagnosis the focus area ofinfuence. its and Kotorska Boka in sector this of implementation the of threats and weaknesses the as well as opportunities and that controversial question we need to and highlight the assets strengths of future? next potential the for and today the Kotorska Boka beyond Nevertheless, in sustainable environmentally and viable economically context, development andsustainability. promoting for help local communities and above all, a balance between local can Kotorska sustainable Boka tourism, the creation of economic opportunities in ecotourism of services and activities nature-based and addition, culture promoting In scenery. environmental untouched through great hiking enjoy to the enthusiasts environmental Boka provide for opportunity churches and chapters, villages small previous with areas in rural Large sand. conservation described and sun just culture, than we rather agriculture nature, and on As focused destination of kind new a become to potential signifcant a has Kotorska AND SUSTAINABLE IN BOKAKOTORSKA? 4. DIAGNOSIS: IS ECOTOURISM FEASIBLE, VIABLE ol eoors b scoclual feasible, socio-culturally be ecotourism could Te destination ofers diversifed touristic activities Toanswer six lmt cag ipcs n aua ad built and natural on impacts change Climate food evolution and the and fuels, of cost increasing the costs to due prices transport of of evolution future the the environment, determine can threats External tourism intheregion cultural and landscape withoutstandingvalues. natural a spoil may areas coastal in tourism resort developments and urban sprawl boosted from massive from the marines (gas, Marine tourists. the leakage as such risks new create may concentration to tourism attractiveness of loss a and areas urban in pollution of amount high to leads season summer the during overpopulation and (cruises) frequency trafc touristic Massive challenges totheregion or high-quality a tourism inBokaKotorska. Tivat of development to the to limitations connections serious direct airport professional skills and foreign language Few profciency may pose in irregular and system, water waste (especially proper no Novi),Herceg beds hotel insufcient airport, Dubrovnik Some defcits in the tourism infrastructure have been identifed Weaknesses &Treats of objective the with integrations processes andimproving standards EU ofqualityintourism. Ongoing attracting tourists from the EU. It will also help standardising Montenegrohelp may EU the of state member new a being may helpreinforcing theEUmarket oftourists high-standard Ecotouristic facilities wouldbeadesirablenichetoexplore. opportunities. for seeking is which investmentdirect foreign of growingsector a is there the sustainability of these other forms of tourism. In addition, to contributes also way this in and sea)- sun, (sand, tourism ecotouristic ofer to desire may operators tour Big if -3S tourism mainstream investments the to complement good a be can foreign and products to their costumers (hotels and cruises). Ecotourism tourism Mass reoriented forecotourism canbeanopportunity of themthroughout Kotor-Tivat gateways. region with a remarkable the and constant in etc. media, pages, web fair, event, important every on present is Kotorska Boka of Promotion infrastructure. e pronounced seasonality of tourism, with high with tourism, of seasonality pronounced Te EU the Montenegroof in process accession Te fammable liquids, etc.). Finally, new ux may pose environmental pose may fux fow of visitors, most

4. DIAGNOSIS: IS ECOTOURISM FEASIBLE, 77 VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 78 4. DIAGNOSIS: IS ECOTOURISM FEASIBLE, VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? uhrte. mr srtgc ln tr ad responsible and planning isneeded,tobeapplied rigorously. term long strategies and strategic, plans more relevant A are authorities. there Although risk that these plans may not be followed properly by public the is there region, the in tourism of development the for have notbeenproperly integratedandcontrolled. CAMP by planning land national and individually,regional local, and projects pilot recent some the coastal every contrary municipality is planning activities Despite On system. management compact and uni fed a as yet ICZM not has Montenegro of area coastal the Montenegro, Management implementedintheregion yet Weaknesses &Treats economy promotion derivingfrom theCAMPproject. will initiatives Ecotourism region. the in activities sustainable foster to funds mobilise area eco-entrepreneurship. coastal It implementation. the project promoting and nature preserving on focused be also should CAMP in of the one ecotourism of be time priorities integrate should the same growth To the urban unplanned at the and control Kotorska Boka of management ecotourism inMontenegro Kotorska has its own tourism identi Master MontenegroPlan, promotes alsoof sustainable and issued tourism. Boka in 2003. Strategy ecotourism, this mainly focused for the coastal and“ecotourism”, mountain Montenegro 2008, the In region MinistryTourism of and Strategy 2020. actually Although term not does the to use it MontenegroEnvironment Tourism the Development issued Montenegro has developed strategies for tourism development intotheseprinciples. Ecotourism ftsperfectly Johannesburg. from Plan Implementation and Declaration in State Ecological stated an in the itself Rio declared Declaration Montenegro and Agenda 21, as well as in the Development, based on the principles and recommendations SustainableNationalStrategyof a issued 2007 in and 1991 Montenegro is the in Europe planning andlaws Strengths &Opportunities 4.2. Public strategies, tourism land of tourisminBokaKotorska in themid-longterm. development the compromise may countries competitor of Tere exists a risk of miss-planned management Zone Coastal Integrated an not is Tere boost to opportunity an is project CAMP Te itrainl cp my help may scope international Te frst declared Ecological State d upr fo te green the from support fnd f s ciiis eae to related activities es achieve to engagecitizens intheirtask. organisations However,non-pro ft authorities. some public and participation the of public responsibility of most managing public issues is transferred to the and Probablyhistory, particular its to due Montenegro of afairs, public levels regarding empowerment low currently has inpublicafairs participation context ofcrisis. danger. decisions take movedto be Publicmay authorities in put is vision global and long-term a and interest public while logic, favouringprivate interestsshort-term a obeying sometimes management and planning Land of instead benefts ensuring publicinterest andlong-term scope private and short-term prioritise National Park. National and Boka coastal of ,PUPSTLB background tourism mountain between o of development declaration complementarity the through Kotorska, in Boka Park ecotourism for opportunity Orjen A National Future sought. Mountains be should attractions hinterland Boka Kotorska ofers a good combination of sea and mountainattractions and hydrographical interest. cluster yellow and gorgonian anemone) as well as places and sites of high geomorphologic (e.g. species unique with attraction ecotourism important another is coastline and orange trees, etc.) are also signifcant resources. vineyards, trees, (olive landscapes rural Mediterranean with Kotorska. JOOBUJPOBMQBSLT -PWƥFOBOEGVUVSF0SKFO BSPVOE#PLB protection, landscapes, UNESCO with under heritage cultural of link the are years next the in Kotorska Boka in ecotourism grow. to projects ecotourism allow assets these All possible. still is re-naturalisation areas, some in Also sprawl. urban from them protect to done be must action monuments, Natural geomorphology unique a hosts NationalParksarea, protection and UNESCO the through Kotorska Boka fauna). (fora, biodiversity remarkable a and mountains) and (coast in resources natural unique has Kotorska Boka the region attraction withtouristic Strengths &Opportunities 4.3. andculturalresources Natural ough some of them are recognised and protected and recognised are them of some Tough Tis risk is aggravated by the ere is a low level of citizen engagement and engagement citizen of level low a is Tere ky ctuitc trcin t boost to attractions ecotouristic key Te  Te area of Vrmac and Luštica and rural hinterland XIJDI XPVME atclry attractive particularly fauna and fora CF BEEFE UP UIF fnancial and economic PêFS f CZ ers a good good a ers Te sea  UIF -PWƥFO foor  of increased tourismisthreatening biodiversity. to meet are order in forests their requiredfrom timber sell to parksforced increasingly National with all. at implemented implemented not not areas or efciency, being protected etc.) for nature, plans of management databases, and inventories scientifc (monitoring, activities conservation biodiversity causing is this sector, private of participation fnancial allocations from state budget and with no Insufcient land. of extension large a Insufcient managementofprotected areas of management the investment inthelongterm,withastrategicview. and time needs which ecotourism, with compatible not are economic communities. rural depressed increase the in activity to order in etc. permits, construction planning, land-use liberal through this to contributing are term estate and have an evident impact on the land. Municipalities real soaring assets. important ecotouristic very of and conservation the jeopardise speculation could that Property loss habitat provoke construction illegal and infrastructures new areas, certain in projects urbanisation ongoing prices, Massive urbanisation provoke irreversible habitat loss intheregion the upon environment natural the water inurbanareas. of Pollution waste and production waste solid especially environment, exploitation of its resources is one of the main impacts to the Environmental pollution is a major threat to the region Weaknesses &Treats point ofview. cultural and natural a fromimprovement both values, its of may contribute to its revitalisation and the conservation and it areas, rural the in activity economic generating other,by the on and fragile), more those (preserving habitats part coastal (rural hinterland some the in on activities Ecotourism pressure human the reduce can it hand, one the on efect: benefcial double a have may Kotorska) Boka of pressure reduce the to contribute in can Ecotourism values recover to and hinterland habitats coastal the to Kotorska Boka in entrepreneurs complement totheecotouristicoferofBokaKotorska. Ecotourism Skadaras Durmitoror Lake Nationalmountains Parks, a as should consider a bigger area than Boka Kotorska itself, such with ecotouristicinterest fnancial needs. In some national parks, the pressure r ae e eooi rsucs vial for available resources economic few are Tere sites natural ofer also Montenegro of rest Te ese projects are planned in the short short the in planned are projects Tese ese activities Tese fnancial irto o pol fo hneln t coastal to hinterland from people are abandonedandbeinglostatanalarmingrate. of Migration and landscapes traditional other rural assets. Entire of villages (as Gornja Lastva loss in Vrmac) the provoking is areas are beinglost on theheritageinregion by localpopulation. vision. global a not Some is of the natural there resources of and Boka Kotorskascattered are very yet is information available the yet to be discovered or studied. On the other hand, some of regarding naturalresources I watching tobepromoted the visitorsenjoy breath-taking views. -PWƥFO TPVUIUP3VNJKB&WFOBEBZUSJQBMPOHUIJTQBUIMFUTthrough Orjen, from mountains, coastal the from starts It ecotourists. and tourists active for opportunities excellent ofers and 2006 in inaugurated was TransversalTe Route the of winner nation’sof “Topone and paths: Trails”. Award2007 Beauty Wild access of km 150 with trail hiking Montenegro’s hinterlands. of southern beauty reach natural unexplored tourism’s still the coastal into expand and to Coast Association «Montenegrin aiming MountaineeringTransversal”, the Montenegro’s established have organisations non-governmental as well as clubs mountaineering several an attractive infrastructure forhikers of adiversity ofstakeholdersinitsdevelopment. by step. One of the features of the project is the participation beenmarked and signposted, and the others shall follow step «Tourism national Development Strategy to 2020». the in included and 2007 in initiated project Biking” & Hiking “Wilderness the to thanks routes for ecotourism services Strengths &Opportunities 4.4. Infrastructures, buildings and where other ecotouristicinfrastructures are beingplanned. and area, this of edge the alongwatching bird forinstalled trenches promoted project ORNIBA where salina) (Tivat could be also highlighted the Special Nature Reserve of Solila telescopes for observation, some of them arranged recently. It withcomplemented watchingwildlife for hides and points T awareness and knowledge of lacks are Tere oe et rcie o fclte fr wildlife for facilities of practices best Some ofers route transversal coast Montenegrin Te T attractive of km 6,000 about hasMontenegro O “idres iig Bkn” rjc was project Biking” & Hiking “Wilderness e -PWƥFO e traditional rural settlements and communities /BUJPOBM at provokes a low level of awareness of level low a provokes Tat rsl i a 8 k transversal km 182 a is result Te  1BSL T  UIFSF e “Top Trails” have already BSF NBOZ TJHIUTFFJOH 

4. DIAGNOSIS: IS ECOTOURISM FEASIBLE, 79 VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 80 4. DIAGNOSIS: IS ECOTOURISM FEASIBLE, VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? environmentally conscious and socially responsible responsible socially and options. conscious environmentally industry. T largest world’s the in sector growing fastest considered the is it that, Organisation Beyond Tourism Worldactivities. tourism the world of to sector According tourist % 30 the around mean could It rate. be increase highest the with will ecotourism 2020 in (WTO), ecotourism Strengths &Opportunities sectors complementary 4.5. supply/demandand Ecotourism of localpopulationtomaintainthem. etc.) and requires signifcant investments and high awareness as well as other structure (marked paths, hiking club homes, missing are towers Observation of materials. other disposal and waste for used often is it awareness, environmental poor to due but exist, (lookouts) places Sightseeing used. not still are communication of means other and location, code, QR specifc on information to data access have single and a base have to technology internet of in possibilities tables, and paths, properly educational us maintained Unfortunately,structure. volumeand in insufcient general such not and Signalisation vandals, destroyed by often are damaged etc. signposts, centres, visitors for defciency infrastructure biggest the of One ecotourism isfeltintheinterpretation signals investors Some individual would gointoecotourism. so investment. present private be boost should preconditions and to Technical needed is Public support Kotorska. Boka in activities ecotouristic promote and forecotourismsofar services buildings infrastructures, of development the for Weaknesses &Treats possible new and capacity carrying settlements. the also but itself, infrastructure the of threats the only not properly evaluate to crucial is It project. this into issues environmental with carefulextremely be to advises values landscape and natural some jeopardising of risk the Nevertheless, cruisers. tourists from accommodate to eco-villages of construction the improve to discover its natural and cultural richness, and to promote to contribute would that BDDFTTJCJMJUZUP-PWƥFO BOEDPOTFRVFOUMZBOFXPQQPSUVOJUZ project a is Cetinje Kotor-Lov car cable of Project boost ecotourisminLov erefore, today’s savvy travel consumers are demanding demanding are consumers travel savvy today’s erefore, r i a rwn Itrainl akt for market International growing a is Tere and technical no is Tere TFDPOTUSVDUJPOPGUIFDBCMFDBS,PUPS-PWƥFO ćen Mountain National Park aca spot s edd to needed is support fnancial nancial support support fnancial nCtne can ćen-Cetinje area. of city the in is it but Tivat,exist, fromthe away severalkm Reserve of Solila as far as accommodation is concerned, they operating all year round in close areas. Despite rare exceptions like Inseveral bungalows and the Special Nature ecotourists, for accommodation of lack common a is there the of out DIJMESFOTBDDPNNPEBUJPOGBDJMJUZJO-PWƥFO/BUJPOBM1BSL  accommodation available Scarce summer seasonappropriate forecotourists specialized ofertothissector. and reduce complementary a be to or business and ecotourism new a initiate to willing businesses, are who entrepreneurs those to local barriers specialization and quality the improve to order In accommodation, local of food, standard a the raise to necessary services, is it service the specialized of and Complementary ofertobeimprovednecessary Kotorska inBoka could becomplementedamongstregions. activities how show and material, promotion good a ofer could Montenegro in activities ecotouristic of map A areas. these to attraction and resource key main the as value into culture and local and nature Kotorska wild putting of not development are Boka ecotourism, the in forward in step a are products which villages, Ecotourism and promoted properly thus they are vastly unknown by general tourists. Even Eco- not are whole a as Montenegro Weaknesses &Treats distributed the diversity inMontenegro. widely of advantage take are but should considered, Ecotourism be country. must the that values around natural only Not sports… heritage, cultural also other attractions and assets, such as agriculture products, development ofastrong ecotourismentrepreneurship diferent around in Biogradska places days considering Durmitor,neighbouring countries(Bosnia-Hercegovina 6-9 andCroatia). even of mountains, Lake, Orjen tour and circular SkadarGora A Kotorska, Boka promoted: be could Montenegro in hotspots ecotouristic ecotouristic spotsinMontenegro of since theyhave acomplementary Montenegro in activities ecotourist the benef the of Most of ecotouristic the distribute help could happen in the North, but some consolidated already NorthernMontenegro has public support to entrepreneurs some ecotourismsupply T the for asset an is diversity Montenegro’s di connect to hub a be could Kotor t of both South and NorthecotourismSouthandboth businesses,of t ere is a lack of promotion of ecotourism products er. erinthe country for f erent erent oa oosa s eaiey ml regarding small relatively is the Kotorska amongst collaboration boosting help may that other.strength each know Boka people the of entire most and the Bay) in Kotorska people 67.500 Boka (about in numbers stakeholders population the of Most already know eachother. and promotion with collaborating knowledge sharing. by Ecotourism in ofer. NGOs may play an important role if they get involved ofer specifc very a complete more a for have complementary to important look very be will companies to amongst tend Ecotourists Collaboration sectors. tourism other in as present as not is ecotourism in competence so the on is stakeholders amongst Collaboration epicentre ofecotourismpromotion. marketing representatives ofecotourisminMontenegro. national as act may NGOs that concluded be entrepreneurship. Being Montenegro a small country, it can of dose good a show organisations these of most and goals historic etc. ecotourism with compatible are organisations these of styles, aims life of healthier of protection promotion monuments, preservation, environmental organizing in and promoting are NGOs Several ecotourism related activitiessuchashikingandbiking. on consensus full a through have especially to necessary possible, not as public investment. is early It as started be could the development of phase initial an but promotion, ecotourism for ready are stakeholders the of Most step forward. the do to need only they ecotourism; of promotion Strengths &Opportunities 4.6. Stakeholder collaboration Indeed, in the most cases tourism stakeholders and look foreco-services. not did general in tourists current that consider providers standardfcate orcerti friendly environmental or ecotourism any by fed certi the difcultyofmakingrststeptoecotourism. implies. ecotourism entrepreneurship promotion on by public medium bodies contributes to and small investment by promoted invest an is to Ecotourism capacity ecotourism. insufcient on have which enterprises, havenot Privatedo ecotourism on stakeholders sufcient investment capacity Tere are several non-proft organisations involved services or activities ecotourism not are Tere s saeodr fa te ik that risk the fear stakeholders Tese lc of lack Te t s a is Tat frst Te in thesociety. Few stakeholders fully understand the concept and all by activity. understood fully not application of ecotourism and it is seen as a low added value is Ecotourism stakeholders widely appliedintheBokaKotorska region. not still However,is tool. it conservation and management biodiversity and nature a as world the of continents most restored.and maintained Today,in stewardshipused land is involves biodiversity, nature,ecological integrity and landscape values will that organisations, be stewardship land strategy and owners/users a is stewardship society groups. Land and been nature of landscape, with have support conservation and inputs from the a wide range initiatives in of civil users and stewardship landowners land No identifed intheregion sofar collaboration between agriculture andtourismsector. individually. promoted are services system providing an integrated touristic ofer, and ecotourist cooperation between stakeholders Weaknesses &Treats among stakeholders. persist may conficts personal some case in weakness a be and communication can stakeholders of set limited a is there as stakeholders, main Adescriptionof feasibilityby keyissuesisdetailed in the Table 38: be facedforasuccessfulfuture ofthesector. to challenges the of some are others, among networking in stakeholders of participation and involvement of level low and entrepreneurs local of skills limited nature, observe to Namely,response. forceful infrastructure and scarce rapid a natural resources and and the landscape abandonment of of hinterland require degradation fast the destination, tourist the rich natural and cultural heritage and to be an appealing sector Despite ecotourism. implement to pre-conditions negative ecotourism the we nowadays that weaknesses. of and threats the versus each assess have been applied to each of the strengths Toand opportunities determined. were issues key of set a 4 section in identifed opportunities assessment andsustainability Feasibility assessment 4.7. Diagnosisconclusions:feasibility is has to do with a low environmental awareness environmental low a with do to has Tis r i a ak f codntd management coordinated a of lack a is Tere and networking of culture low a is Tere e topics are outlined in the table below and below table the in outlined are topics Te Trough voluntary agreements between land nd in Boka Kotorska both positive and positive both Kotorska Boka in fnd fow faster. Of course, this may also assmn shows assessment Te r i as poor also is Tere

4. DIAGNOSIS: IS ECOTOURISM FEASIBLE, 81 VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 82 4. DIAGNOSIS: IS ECOTOURISM FEASIBLE, VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? KEY ISSUES FOR ECOTOURISM Natural andculturalresources Ecotourism supply/demand and complementary sectors and complementary and services forecotourism and services Stakeholder collaboration Infrastructures, buildings Public tourismstrategies, with touristicattraction land planningandlaws Conventional tourism IMPLEMENTATION Table 38. Feasibility inBoka assessmentofEcotourism Kotorska (BK) 5IF t .POUFOFHSP t .POUFOFHSP t 1SPKFDU t 5IFSF t .POUFOFHSP t *OTVGGJDJFOU t &YUFSOBM t 0OFPGUIFCJHHFTUJOGSBTUSVDUVSFEFGJDJFODZGPSFDPUPVSJTNBSFUIFJOUFSQSFUBUJPOTJHOBMT t 5IFSFJTOPUFDIOJDBMBOEGJOBODJBMTVQQPSUGPSUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGJOGSBTUSVDUVSFT CVJMEJOHTBOETFSWJDFTt 5IFSF t &OWJSPONFOUBM t -BOE t 5IFSF t .BTTJWF t 4PNF t &DPUPVSJTN t /P t 5IFSF t 5IFSF t 5SBEJUJPOBM t 5IFSF t $PNQMFNFOUBSZ t 1SJWBUF t 4DBSDF t .PTU t $PMMBCPSBUJPO t .PTU t 5IF t .BTT t #, t &DPUPVSJTN t 5IF t #, t 5IFSF t ,PUPS t /PSUIFSO t .POUFOFHSPT t Montenegro. region inthemid-longterm. irreversible habitatloss. for ecotourismsofar. planning. interest andlong-termscope. year round. protection, withlandscapes,floraandfauna:protectedareas,ruralhinterland,coastal/seabedhabitats. offer naturalsiteswithecotouristicattraction. MBOE PGGFSTB QSFTFOUTB BDDFTTJPO LFZ $".1 UPVSJTN QMBOOJOH PG TUBLFIPMEFST EFGJDJUT DPVME BSF BSF JTB JTB JTB JTB FYJTUTB BWBJMBCMF TUBLFIPMEFST PG UPVSJTUJD UIF TUFXBSETIJQ UISFBUT DMJNBUF FDPUPVSJTUJD TFWFSBM MBDLT .POUFOFHSP DBCMF MPX MBDL MPX HSPXJOH HPPE SVSBM NBOBHFNFOU JT DBO TUBLFIPMEFST CFB IBT JT IBT JO BOE QSPKFDU OPU QSPDFTT BNPOHTU SJTL DVMUVSF MFWFM EJWFSTJUZ XFMMEFWFMPQFE BOE UIF BOE PG DBS BDDPNNPEBUJPO QPMMVUJPO DPOUSJCVUF UIF EFWFMPQFE BCPVU BOE HPPE TFUUMFNFOUT GMVY IVC DPNCJOBUJPO LOPXMFEHF GVMMZ GPSFJHO BSF PG GJSTU *OUFSOBUJPOBM NJTVOEFSTUBOEJOH ,PUPS-PWƥFO$FUJOKF PG NBOBHFNFOU UPVSJTN PO JOJUJBUJWFT BUUSBDUJPOT TQFDJBMJ[FE NJTTQMBOOFE NBZ UP PG PG DJUJ[FO SFBEZ *OUFHSBUFE FYBNQMFT   VOEFSTUPPE IBT EFDMBSFE JTB FDPUPVSJTN TUBLFIPMEFST DPOOFDU OFUXPSLJOH .POUFOFHSP JO PG BOE JOWFTUNFOUT DIBOHF  QPTF BMSFBEZ LFZ UP TUSBUFHJFT #PLB QSPUFDUFE GPS Strengths vs &Opportunities JOGSBTUSVDUVSF BOE FOHBHFNFOU BOE LN SFEVDF UPVSJTN NBTTJWF PG BTTFU IBWF FOWJSPONFOUBM FDPUPVSJTN  &DPMPHJDBM TFSWJDFT B PG UP NBSLFU PVU EJGGFSFOU DPNNVOJUJFT TPNFUJNFT ,PUPSTLB TFB PG BXBSFOFTT DPOTPMJEBUFE DPNQFUJUPST  $PBTUBM QVCMJD EP CZ CPPTU NBOBHFNFOU GPS BUUSBDUJWF JT CFFO PG BOE QSFTTVSF GPS BOE PG JO BSFBT BMM OPU PO JG VSCBOJTBUJPO TFDUPS UIF UIF GPS QSPNPUJPO UIF SFPSJFOUFE UPVSJTN FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT:FEASIBILITY DPPQFSBUJPO TUBLFIPMEFST UIF NPVOUBJO FDPUPVSJTN JEFOUJGJFE BOE GBDJMJUJFT DBO FDPUPVSJTUJD IBWF IBWF OFDFTTBSZ 4UBUF BMSFBEZ TVNNFS EFWFMPQNFOU ;POF FDPUPVSJTN UIFZ SFHBSEJOH &6 QSJPSJUJTF FQJDFOUSF UP SPVUFT CPPTU QBSUJDJQBUJPO DIBMMFOHFT BSF TVGGJDJFOU CFFO TPNF DPTU UIF NBZ UIF JO POMZ EFWFMPQNFOU BOE .BOBHFNFOU  GPS CFJOH LOPX &VSPQF DBO JO PG TFBTPO DPBTUBM JTB FDPUPVSJTN BUUSBDUJPOT  PGGFS DPOEJUJPOT UIBOLT PG JEFOUJGJFE IFMQ BNPOHTU JO FDPUPVSJTN OFFE TIPSUUFSN XJMEMJGF MBDL TQPUT OBUVSBM &DPUPVSJTN UIF PG CF GVFMT  NBKPS #, MPTU FBDI PG JOWFTUNFOU UP UP FDPUPVSJTN SFJOGPSDJOH SFHJPO BO PG BQQSPQSJBUF   UP IBCJUBUT JO FDPUPVSJTN JO UP UIF CF BSF PQQPSUVOJUZ JOUFHSBUJPODPPSEJOBUJPO FUD  XBUDIJOH SFTPVSDFT EP PUIFS QVCMJD .POUFOFHSP UIF Weaknesses & Threats TUBLFIPMEFST UISFBU JNQSPWFE UP SFHJPO JO KPJOUMZ UIF BOE UIF TP TVQQMZ JT i8JMEFSOFTT CFDPNFB -PWƥFO QSPEVDUT DBO BOE GBS MJOL BO GJSTU DBQBDJUZ BGGBJST QSJWBUF QSPNPUJPO JO UIF GPS XJUI EFUFSNJOF FOUSFQSFOFVSTIJQ UP UP UIF PQQPSUVOJUZ PG TUFQ &6  GPS CF FDPUPVSJTUT .PVOUBJO SFDPWFS DVMUVSBM UIF SFHJPO CFOFGJUT UPQ QSPNPUFE FDPUPVSJTN NBSLFU GPSXBSE )JLJOH SFTU .FEJUFSSBOFBO UIF WBMVFT BOE PG IFSJUBHF JOTUFBE PG /BUJPOBM UP GVUVSF BDSPTT .POUFOFHSP UPVSJTUT JO JO CPPTU #JLJOHw TPNF UIF PG VOEFS PG EJGGFSFOU 1BSL FOTVSJOH IJOUFSMBOE UPVSJTN FDPUPVSJTN EFTUJOBUJPO DBTFT QSPKFDU 6/&4$0 XIJDI QSPWPLF TDBMFT QVCMJD JO BMTP UIF BMM JO PG         L J L J L J L J L J L J ecotourism feasible as an economic activity in the region. the in activity economic an as feasible ecotourism facilities). But we are afraid that this is hardly enough to ecotouristic make specifc and it facilities accommodation to comes when improve could extraordinary it basic has (though the Kotorska infrastructure has Boka tourism also conclusion, It In world. the around from ecotourists attract to enough cultural, and values,natural heritage both the for faced be to challenges the of vision qualitative a ecotourism with trends strategy). and business-as-usual, scenarios (trends 2 in future next the for and assessment) (today degree of sustainability for the principles, in current situation the highlights assessment the So, sustainability. of degrees 3 synthesize that low) medium, (high, levels 3 in divided is them of 4 Each ecotourism. of the principles sustainability main determined have we socio-cultural) and economic of sense) broad Toa (in sustainability the evaluate consider all the dimensions of sustainability (environmental, a brand new economic sector is a complex work. In order to Sustainability assessment economy andqualityof Contributes toimprove Contributes topreserve Sustainability principle life oflocalpopulation participation ofsmall participation Minimising negative natural andcultural businesses andlocal education activities and environmental impacts onnatural and promotes the raising awareness entrepreneurs Table 39. inBoka assessmentofecotourism Kotorska: Sustainability current assessment;trends Business-as-Usual; environment Incorporates diversity e purpose of this assessment is merely to have to merely is assessment this of purpose Te Medium Medium Medium Medium High High High High Low Low Low Low includes several measures tominimiseenvironmental impact. Avoidmass activities. Preparation anddevelopment oftheactivities/services are alsocontrolled by foreign companies(extreme seasonality). Sectorisleaded byforeign companies, andall the complementary services indirect based only on some public policies and few stakeholders interested. Low contribution to preserve natural and cultural diversity, more passive and the experienceofvisit. is context the about input only The area. the of challenges the and values about explanation or information any receive not do Ecotourists values and their challenges. they can be informed with someEcotourists generalcan informedbeinformation bysome signposts abouttheonfield. naturalIfthey are not, and cultural measures toreduce environmental impact. generate agglomerations. and groups Scarce big in usually Activities are not sufficient. are but measures environmental some includes activities/services the of Preparationseasons. development peak and in massive be Activitiescan potential to generate economic activity through related(peak season). services activitiesis performed partially by local ones. executionMoreover, of Contracting the foreign companies, but services offered by the activity has little projects andresearch activities. NGO strategies, public several through conservation to Contribution or research activities. (guides,brochures, etc.).Sometimesparticipate alsothey conservation in information quality high receive also Ecotourists conservation. natural challenges of and values convey that professional skilled guides Highly all year round. etc.) production, food local restaurants, (accommodation, services local related other boosts It sector. lead entrepreneurs and businesses Local actions ofthenaturalarea visitedby ecotourists. conservation in reinvested directly resources economic of Generation and trends with an adequate ecotourism strategy. ecotourism and trends withanadequate Degree ofsustainabilityecotourism next chapter. and Montenegro, taken some insights of which is presented in the be Kotorska Boka for should strategy ecotourism general a following Action entrepreneurship. private and networking stakeholders awareness, public training, will, political as such region, the in boost real a experience could ecotourism before set be should conditions further Some of sustainability of degree the shows 39 Table ecotourism todayandforthenextfuture. where agglomerations. areas, rural in development options are limited particularly in comparison to the urban community, highly local is in it addition, development entrepreneurship and Inbusiness for important market. international positioning the destination and on diferentiation for tool a as is ecotourism of sustainability speaking, Generally especially tendency growth high with seasonality, avoid to tends that referssector it a because to desirable and possible sustainability ofecotourismwhenimplementingthesector. situation Current K K L L K Business- as-Usual Trends K L L Trends with ecotourism strategy J J J J

4. DIAGNOSIS: IS ECOTOURISM FEASIBLE, 83 VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE IN BOKA KOTORSKA ? 84 © RAC/SPA, Atef LIMAM wrns. ctuim a hl aheig h delicate the achieving conservation nature and activity economic between balance help can Ecotourism environmental population’sawareness. national the in forward step and ofer, tourism Montenegrinimprove and unemployment reduce today incomes, to brought new been generate can Moreover,it generation. Kotorska after has generation on Boka that impacts in heritage negative ecotourism invaluable of of an Development minimisation the and diversity cultural and natural of preservation the to contribute can OF ECOTOURISM INBOKAKOTORSKA 5. RECOMMENDATIONS FORFUTUREDEVELOPMENT planning &lawsrelated Support toecotourism Sound management of Multisectoral strategy, Capacity Building for ecotourism initiatives Networking amongst ecotourism products natural andcultural entrepreneurship to ecotourism Promotion of Multiscale & stakeholders Table 40. forinBoka Strategies ecotourism Kotorska ofecotourism principles tothesustainability contribution assets Note: thenumber of ofecotourism principles “smileys” tothesustainable contributes eachstrategy the intensityinwhich indicates al yt motnl, t a ma a mean can it importantly, yet fnally diversity preservation Natural andcultural J J J J economy andquality J Improvement of J J J of life J J should be oriented, structuredchapter in sixdraws mainsome Montenegro.rough strategies, and lines Kotorska ofhow this Boka ecotourism for as plan presented.action strategy diagnosis Kotorska chapter, Boka the inAction stated As should be taken followingshould before set be ecotourism a could experiencegeneral real boost. a ecotourism conditions ecotourism, potential somepresents huge forstrategy but and coastal area ofMontenegro. thus contributing to the desired general sustainability of the negative impacts Minimisation of J J J J and environmental Awareness raising J J education J J T e followinge

5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT 85 OF ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA 86 5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA UNEP and TIES also provide some basic management destinations. ecotourism of development the for guidelines Most of the following recommendations arise from the diagnosis presented in chapter 4, and have been checked association […]”,whichisalong-termrecommendation. consolidated can bring up to ecotourism tothe short-term acreation […]” is recommendation an “ecotourism is that if example,umbrella “Organising debate meetings workshops and related aftersome other actions have been already putothers into practice. Forare eachFor expressed strategy, as long-termathat set theyof shouldrecommendationsrecommendations, be enforced is during toproposed. Some bethe nextexecuted of 1-3 themyears) andare some short- and mid-term recommendations (meaning Management guidelines Characteristics "GGPSEBCMFIPVTJOHQSPHSBNTTIPVMEFOTVSFUIBUMPDBMSFTJEFOUTBSFOPUFYDMVEFEGSPNUIFJSPXODPNNVOJUJFTEVFUPCBMMPPOJOHSFBM t 5SBJOJOHQSPHSBNTBSFOFDFTTBSZUPQSPWJEFMPDBMJOIBCJUBOUTXJUIUIFPQQPSUVOJUZUPSVOUIFJSPXOCVTJOFTTFT t 1VCMJTIFEBOESFDPHOJ[FESVMFTBOESFHVMBUJPOTGPSQVCMJDMBOETTIPVMEEFUBJMUIFUZQFPGWFIJDMFTQFSNJUUFEJOTQFDJGJD[POFT TQFFE t 8FMMNBOBHFEUSBJMTBOEDBNQJOHBSFBTTIPVMEQSPWJEFDMFBSMZNBSLFESVMFTGPSMPXJNQBDUVTF t &OWJSPONFOUBMJNQBDUBTTFTTNFOUQSPHSBNTTIPVMECFGPMMPXFECZJNQBDUNPOJUPSJOHQSPHSBNT5IFTFQSPHSBNTTIPVMECFUJFEUP t 5PVSJTNCVTJOFTTFTTIPVMEQBZJNQBDUGFFTUIBUGVOEJOGSBTUSVDUVSFGPSTPMJEXBTUFUSFBUNFOU TFXBHFUSFBUNFOUDBQBDJUZ FMFDUSJDJUZ t 1SPWJEFBEFRVBUFCVEHFUTUPDPOTFSWFQPQVMBSUPVSJTUBSFBT BOEFBSNBSLUPVSJTNGFFTGPSDPOTFSWBUJPO t 'SJFOEMZJOUFSBDUJPOCFUXFFOMPDBMQFPQMFBOEWJTJUPSTJOOBUVSBMNFFUJOHQMBDFT TVDIBTMPDBMTIPQTPSCFODIFTCZUIFTFB t "WBSJFUZPGMPDBMGFTUJWBMTBOEFWFOUTUIBUEFNPOTUSBUFBOPOHPJOHTFOTFPGQSPEFJOUIFMPDBMDPNNVOJUZTOBUVSBMFOWJSPONFOU t 5ISJWJOH MPDBMMZPXOFEMPEHFT IPUFMT SFTUBVSBOUTBOECVTJOFTTFTUIBUQSPWJEFHFOVJOFIPTQJUBMJUZXJUIGSJFOEMZ NPUJWBUFETUBGG t 1MFOUZPGEFTJHOBUFEPVUEPPSSFDSFBUJPO[POFTUIBUBSFEFTJHOFEUPQSPUFDUGSBHJMFSFTPVSDFT JODMVEJOHCJLFQBUIT USBJMTPSCPBSEXBMLT t 5ISJWJOHTNBMMDPNNVOJUZCVTJOFTTFT JODMVEJOHGPPETUBOETBOEPUIFSUZQFTPGDSBGUFOUFSQSJTFTPXOFECZMPDBMQFPQMF t &WJEFODFUIBUUPVSJTNJTOPUIBSNJOHOBUVSBMTZTUFNTTVDIXBUFS t -PXEFOTJUZEFWFMPQNFOU XIFSFOBUVSBMBSFBTBSFBCVOEBOUBOEUIFCVJMUMBOETDBQFEPFTOPUEPNJOBUF t /BUVSBMGFBUVSFTDPOTFSWFEXJUIJOBQSPUFDUFEMBOETDBQF t estate prices. areas, andinstructionsonhowwhentoobservewildlife.Guidelines should statewhatisinappropriate. limits, fines for dumping or pollution, clear rules for limiting off-road driving, oversight on the number of visitors allowed in zoned business licensingandcertificationsystems. and water. and water, because their guests will require these services. Tourism properties should receive clear incentives for conserving electricity and culturalheritage. that aresharedbylocalsandvisitorsalike. Source: Epler, M. (2002). principles, Ecotourism: practices&policiesfor sustainability. Society. UNEP& Ecotourism The International Source: Epler, M. (2002). principles, Ecotourism: practices&policiesfor sustainability. Society. UNEP& Ecotourism The International Table 42. destination. Managementguidelinesfor anecotourism Table 41. destination. ofanecotourism Characteristics T ese which are adaptedtothereality inBokaKotorska (Table 42). guidelines inspire the recommendations presented in this chapter, Boka Kotorska reaching this desired scenario. desired this reaching Kotorska Boka to contribute another or way some in should chapter this region. the in destination ecotourism characteristics true a become has Kotorska main the summarises 41 T Table & UNEP to according have should destination ecotourism any that tostakeholders. andinterviews surveys the workshop, the namely process, participatory the during e table helps visualising a desired scenario in a Boka which scenario e desired visualising helps table T e strategies and recommendations presented in in presented recommendations and strategies e T e International Ecotourism Society (TIES). (TIES). Society Ecotourism International e The following recommendations multisectoral strategyrelated toecotourisminBokaKotorska may be useful for all types of organisations and institutions to achieve a multiscale & ecotourism. to related consideredeffectively policy,in planprogrammeand making that environmental and possibly other sustainabilityeffective aspectsanmethodologyplanning ensurewhenbecould to are incorporatingSo, Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA) plans,municipality controlamendingandlegislation system. nature protection laws is necessary, through the enforcementregion. The ofeffective implementation of the tourism plans and tourslodgesofand withpeoplethe environmentand theon requireddestinationtheatensure long-term theto harmony encouragetoecotourism new initiatives. Management alsois Environmental Protection) on Law and Parks National on legislation proper followed (StrategyTourism, by of be Law developmentecotourismtheand of planning process should communities. Moreover, local benefits provide that lodging Onceclear planning forecotourism takes place, itis offeringenvironmentallyofgoalstheir at sensitiveandtours individual succeed plausible businesses that more can much development alternatives beyond ecotourism. necessaryofferresidentsto variety sustainableaof also economic is planning resource natural integrated multisectoral an and vision A institutions. national and municipalities engage to trying vision, multiscale a have should laws and plans New considerations. social and ecological highlight that strategies mention to not management, and planning tourism regional integrated see to rare extremely still is itKotorska Boka managementof andplanning The can ecotourismthrive there. However, well aswehave explained how inthediagnosis, determine will destination a as related toecotourism strategy, planning&laws 5.1. Multiscale&multisectoral t t t Short- andmid-termrecommendations(1-3years) noprtn Srtgc niomna Assessment Environmental Strategic Incorporating therefore and Montenegro CAMP Implementing Plan Action Strategic a applying and Developing ulc ntuet i tpc rltd o ecotourism to related topics in new instruments those public in particularly making, programme and plan policy, in perspective cross-sectoral a with (SEA) compact and unified a management systemand structure. as ICZM consolidating term monitoring. long- and change, acceptable of limits for standards of set a developing in participation local ecosystems, fragile of abuse deliberate prevent can that regulations strategies, zoning factors, environmental and social of data baseline on depend should plan new This 2020. to Strategy Development Tourism Montenegro the necessary) if updating (and to accordance in Tourism, Sustainable of wider Plan Action a Strategic a from view, of or, point Kotorska Boka in Ecotourism of . The following recommendations may be useful for management of natural and cultural assets in Boka Kotorska. sound achieve to institutions and organisations of types all management andfishingpracticesamongothers. usesrelatedtourism toactivities, urbandevelopments, forest natural areas would constrain present surroundingand thefuture and practicesbay theand around all locatedhabitats of fragilitypreservation.diversityand theirThe contributesto natural and cultural heritage and the to guarantee all that dedicate ecotourism to neednecessary resources and tools we toavoid the degradation result,ofour a As areas. natural in tourismdocumentedpracticeeffectsbeenhaveoftheabout since guaranteed, be anywherein the mustworld and in Boka Kotorska, The conservationmany negative and ecotourismgood management of natural of development appropriate an when factors key are resources cultural and andculturalassets 5.2. Soundmanagementofnatural t t t t t t t t t t Short- andmid-termrecommendations(1-3years) Long-term recommendations(>3years) Developing strategies policies recover rural rural and to eeoig nrsrcue sc a nw od, water roads, new as such infrastructures Developing transport, of means sustainable of use the Promoting promote to eco-tax managed properly a Creating Promoting public participation (information gathering, new preventing by sprawl urban Controlling Creating and financing stable management structures management stable financing and Creating the for available resources economic Increasing the for basis legal offer to regulations specific Creating especially promotion, products local Supporting rural development,etc.) and local tourism, landscape, urbanisation, use, (land the minimisationofenvironmentalimpacts. disposal, waste according to the energy, needs of every location systems, and prioritising sewage and supply car sharing…) especially bicycles and collective transport (buses, taxis, of protectedareas. that ecotourism contributes directly to the conservation guarantee to and tourism sustainable and ecotourism areas and villages and reduce pressure on the coastal region. plans, throughinformationtechnologies. and strategies new of elaboration the in consultation) sensitive spots. in and area coastal the in especially sites, construction encouraging private engagement. Park, National Orjen new in and marsh salt Solila in management ofprotectedareas. eco-tourism serviceproviders. traditional ones(oliveoil,wine,seafood).

5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT 87 OF ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA 88 5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM IN BOKA KOTORSKA o al ye o ognstos n isiuin t boost to institutions and ecotourism entrepreneurship organisations inBokaKotorska. of types all for sector and the existing preconditions specif in the region. the with aligned be to needs market. ecotourism the explore to pioneers help the currentdocircumstances, toothersinvestors waitsomewill on micro, small- and medium-sized enterprises, and given the However,living.standardbasedofbetter ecotourism isand whichwill employ local people, and generate higher incomes in Boka Kotorska, it will eventually generate many companies entrepreneurship 5.3. toecotourism Support t t t t t t t t t t t Short- andmid-termrecommendations (1-3years) Long-term recommendations(>3years) Evaluating properly the threats for natural and landscape osdrn boiest cnevto ad land and conservation biodiversity Considering land promoting and concept the Introducing Setting mechanisms that will be useful to guarantee that regions vulnerable in areas protected new Creating certain to visitors of frequency and access Regulating ships cruise of access the limiting and Regulating Evaluating properly the threats of the cable car between and natural the on research and knowledge Increasing and laws of violation the to sanctions severe Enforcing Creating a database of entrepreneurs and ecotourism and entrepreneurs of database a Creating f rst step and follow their tracks. twrsi a a apoc ta cn ep local help Responsibility objectives. can that Social Eco Corporate implement approach or deliver businesses an as stewardship the in landowners conservation ofnaturalandculturalheritage. engage and to order programs in regulations, environmental within stewardship protected areas. of conservation the to directly contributes ecotourism such asMountVrmacorLušticapeninsula. carrying scientific to capacity assessments. according areas, vulnerable entering atthebay,especiallyinhighseason. new possiblesettlements. and capacity carrying the also and Cetinje, and Kotor Boka Kotorskaasaholeandfromstrategicview. futurevaluesallinvestmentsof tourismandprojects in programs. monitoring new through region the in values cultural rules regardingnatureandheritageconservation. and toofferbest solutionstotheirneeds. development ecotourism monitor better to activities If ecotourism roots and grows as an economic sector floig eomnain my e useful be may recommendations following Te T nes n h tourism the in needs c is is why it is crucial to T e supporte building forecotourisminitiatives inBokaKotorska. all types of organisations and institutions to provide capacity and experienceexchange. self-education of purposes the for needed are materials and programmes addition, In component. entrepreneurial with programmes educational applicative providing by building any and research centres business, should have a consolidated signifcant role in a capacity or start-up a sector, capacity it building is even more necessary. Be Universities the in practices best ensure to education and training updated needs enterprise initiatives 5.4. Buildingfor Capacity ecotourism t t t t t t t t t t t Short- andmid-termrecommendations(1-3years) Long-term recommendations(>3years) Long-term recommendations(>3 years) raig n ctuim uies nuao, offering incubator, business ecotourism an Creating to support institutional of mechanisms Establishing on investments private and public new Enhancing start- ecotourism to support legal and fiscal Providing support charge of free offer to desk” “help a Creating Developing specific University professional programs professional University specific Developing and education tourism the in ecotourism Integrating Creating training programs for tour guides in the rural Promoting international benchmarking on ecotourism methodologies share to mechanisms Establishing in workshops training specialised Developing by the National and Local governments and universities. financialsupport,raising,fund assessment support and and awardstoinnovation. innovation in the tourism sector through grants, prizes wildlife observation). for hides and shelters of network a creating (e.g. products and activities ecotourism new for a basis provide to infrastructure and facilities ecotourism ups aspartofagreeneconomystrategy. to related ecotourism. enterprises start-up and entrepreneurs to on ecotourism(masters ortrainingcourses). university offer. their services. into approach ecotourism the include to areas and exchangeprograms. and trust cooperation. on based initiatives, ecotourism amongst the quality ofecotourismproducts. ensure to and capacity sector private increase to order in skills language and business environmental, Te following recommendations may be useful for eld. Being ecotourism an innovative an ecotourism Being feld. thus they are vastly unknown by ecotourists from all over over all from ecotourists and by unknown promoted vastly are they properly thus not and are whole Kotorska a as Boka Montenegro in market in Ecotourism Montenegro is very small in products Ecotourism countries. neighbouring the of markets similar the with comparison 5.6. Promotion of ecotourism products h floig eomnain my e useful be may recommendations following The achieve to institutions networking amongststakeholdersinBokaKotorska. and organisations of types all for alliances. strong build to needed is time and stakeholders, amongst trust and independence flexibility, communication, target good of on based selection are broad collaboration and a Networking involve stakeholders. to crucial representation, be will stakeholder it adequate ensure tourism to order of In implementation and planning, greatly increases the chances of long-term success. development local the the in government including and develop members, industry possible, and tourism community, promote as successfully many stakeholders as to Involving order agents. primary the In of all among required be will cooperation and communication good a ecotourism, 5.5. Networking amongst stakeholders t t t t t t t t t Short- andmid-termrecommendations(1-3years) Long-term recommendations(>3years) osldtn a aaae f ctuim stakeholders, ecotourism of database a Consolidating rmtn pbi/rvt prnrhp ad private and partnerships public/private Promoting Creating an ecotourism umbrella association (network) companies investment and operators tour big Inviting the in sector NGO the to support public Offering to related workshops and meetings debate Organising rmtn ifraie apin t explain to campaigns informative Promoting ecotourism monitor to group expert an Organising information available of databases online Elaborating networking and sharing of knowledge and information. and nationallevel. specialised offer stakeholders, services and have impact to all decision makers at the local contact in put to Boka Kotorska. in sector ecotourism the with cooperate and invest to promotion andexecutionofecotourismactivities. all stakeholders ecotourism in order to set stronger connection between based on the sociogram included in this feasibility study. ctuim s nw ie f uies o h private the to agents business that carry out of tourist activities in line Boka Kotorska. new a as ecotourism activities andassessitsquality. issues, opentoallstakeholders. economic and social environmental, on resources and h floig eomnain my e useful be may recommendations following The achieve to institutions promotion ofecotourismproducts inBokaKotorska. and organisations of types all for research. profile consumer and market detailed requires activity serious any but Japan), as such destinations remote and USA the Europe, (Western interesting as country appear that tourism markets several are appropriate There offer. establish to where necessary process, is long it a is improved. ecotourists be right should the Attracting competition of terms in position market poor this Therefore, areas. these to attraction and wild putting as value into the key main resource not culture and local nature are forward ecotourism, of step development a the are in which Eco-villages, Even world. the Short- andmid-termrecommendations(1-3years) t t t t t t t t t Long-term recommendations(>3years) raig pcfc apin t rcut ecotourists recruit to campaigns specific Creating and actions promotional ecotouristic all in Integrating to support institutional of mechanisms Establishing netkn ncsay tp t oti te Europarc the obtain to steps necessary Undertaking and local with campaign large-scale a out Carrying of Organisation Tourism National Engaging the by labels tourism sustainable of use the Promoting to dedicated resources and effort the Increasing with map and brochure specific and Publishing oe ls coeain ih te tps f tourism such asbeach,nautical,MICEandmedicaltourism. of types other with cooperation close more imply which etc.), cities, historical resorts, (marinas, demand of sources and centres tourist existing from spiritual heritage, values andlocalfoodproduction. cultural as values other products to promoteecotouristicactivitiesandproducts. local companies and administrations in Boka Kotorska National Park. &VSPQFBO$IBSUFSGPS4VTUBJOBCMF5PVSJTNJO-PWƥFO associated benefits. its and ecotourism know people let to media national in ecotourism of Montenegro couldbedevelopedandimplemented. plan marketing sustainable A and offer. responsible tourism a of be part should as promoted Ecotourism as destination. Montenegro ecotourism and an Kotorska Boka cooperate to promote Tivat) and TO Novi, (TO Herceg TO organisations Kotor, tourism local and Montenegro Charter ofsustainabletourism. European the and standard ECOLABEL EU the to attention special with Kotorska, Boka in sector private protection inschoolactivities. population local through the new campaigns and integrating environmental for education environmental and localtourismwebsitestouristoffices. in Boka Kotorska, which should be available in national attractions ecotouristic main and products ecotourism

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ANNEXES P) ih iaca spot f h Erpa Commission European (UNEP/MAP-RAC/ the of support Areas financial with SPA) Protected Specially for Centre MedMPAnetProject isimplemented bythe Regional Activity Mediterraneanthe Ecosystem”LargeSeaUNEP. by led The MedPartnership GEF full size project “Strategic andPartnershipManagement “MedMPAnet for Project”, which is part of the the elaborated been hasAreas report workshop present for (MPAs) The ProjectNetwork Regionalthrough the the boostingDevelopment of of MPAsof a Creation frameworkMediterranean theMarine andwithin Coastal Protected FOREWORD zone management (IZCM) of the coastal area of Montenegro. of area coastal the of (IZCM) management zone ecotourism in Boka Kotorska in order(SCP/RAC) assisting aiming activity at undertakento context been The the has of Montenegro enable in implementing in integrated coastal ActivityCentre forSustainable Consumption Regional TheProduction collaborationand and RAC/SPA joint between a Facility (FFEM). Development(AECID) Frenchtheand GlobalEnvironment International for Cooperation Agency Spanish to the (EC), rm 30 From 1. Introduction ANNEX 1: WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS Development and Tourism of Montenegro, organized this organized Montenegro, Tourismof and Development Sustainable for Ministry with cooperation in programme, MEDPOL and PAP/RAC RAC/SPA, SCP/RAC, centers activity its regional achieving UNEP/MAP status. vulnerable while environmental good Bay highly Kotorska Boka the of region of micro development sustainable Montenegro for of Area Coastal of framework the In Kotorska on Ecotourism aimed to explore the opportunities (CAMP Montenegro) a three day Workshop was held in Boka be must which ecosystem, properly analysedtofosteractionitsdevelopment. fragile this of management to travel responsible natural areas, may present an environmentallyopportunity for the sustainable an as understood the bay itself to the mountains that surround it. Ecotourism, from landscapes, biodiversity,of variety huge a in expressed Bay.the natureof enclosed the by rich a hosts areaalso The communal to wastewater, (due maritime activities and problems industry) are exacerbated pollution and high, very is most the of one Concentration ofdifferent ofthecoast activitiesinthispart is Kotor) Site. of (Bay HeritageKotorska Boka World UNESCO’s as designated been has renowned stretches of the Montenegrin coast, part of which Boka Kotorska (Montenegro). in development local for strategy a as ecotourism promote and academic where professional debates took place to define the workshopcritical issues to international an hosted th aur t 1 to January Figure 1. A view of theBoka Kotorska from ofStJohn, theCastle Kotor st eray 04 Kotor 2014, February Integrated CoastalZone Management ofMontenegro. event in order to contribute in creating National Strategy for In particular, thesewere thedetailedobjectives: networking andinteractionamongparticipants. applyingpracticalhelpedencourageexamples,line inwhich entrepreneurship on the ecotourism sector, and illustrateof project ita undertakeby methodologyprovideto to as way a The aim of the workshop was to share best practices,boostecotourism. Theworkshop wasalsodeveloped suchin obtainSWOTa analysis defineandactions strategies and to and country level practice in this field. ecotourismpracticesgoodandentrepreneurshiptheboth for the workshop with vast amount of information, knowledge participated actively providing on international All bodies. and The workshop was aimed at the main stakeholders authorities, agencies, public universitytravel NGOs, centres of the ecotourism sector in Boka Kotorska: local eco-entrepreneurs, Workshop 2. groupsAims andtarget ofthe t t o rvd a ehdlg t udrae poet of project a undertake to methodology a provide To o ev a a igoi ad novmn to o the of tool involvement and diagnosis a as serve To action forthepromotionofecotourisminregion; it by applying to a practical example: to identify lines of entrepreneurship on the ecotourism sector, and illustrate the on ecotourism sectorinBokaKotorska; study feasibility the with stakeholders main © RAC/SPA, Daniel CEBRIAN 97 7. ANNEXES 98 7. ANNEXES development of the master precondition greeningpollution economy, a for reductionplan as for green andPresentations blue Afterwards, focusedeconomy greening on some economy Bokain Kotorska, inframework Boka economy, presentations marine were and carried coastal international ecotourism, byecosystemsout field of the experts green in and pollution reduction. expectation was to bring the results of thatthe workshopexercise During into the most first action. of day the the participantspresentation (Espaiof agreedthe workshop TReS)that aboutone of the theexpectations main exercise small facilitated of Xavier Sabaté the a place, with by participants.took During andSWOTecotourism analysis 3. Dayone: Introducing theconceptof t t o npr priiat truh ae tde of studies case through participants inspire To To encourage networking and interaction among among interaction and networking encourage To environment (Kotor’scountrysideforexample); possible, the development of the workshop in a natural if and, ecotourism, international and local successful boost thesectoringeneral. to and study feasibility the to contribution the both for relationships lasting to build in order participants, AM PM Figure 2. Results onthemainstrengths, debate oftheparticipative weaknesses, opportunities and strengths (SWOT andstrengths opportunities inBoka analysis)ofecotourism Kotorska Description ofKotor’s and Institutional presentation Theoretical introduction Thursday 30 international case (Workshop) Case studies th –Jan issues andstakeholderidentification Working Groups Session: diagnosis Working Groups Session: critical Friday 31 National Coordinator, Jelena Ivica Trumbic, by expert, MEDPOL Ilijalectures with Kotorska, international expert Xavier Finally,presented d’Appolonia. consultancy the basics of ecotourism. membertheofNGOExpeditio, andChiara Farinea, fromthe The following table summarizes the schedule of the and contents,adescriptionofalllecturers. schedule detailed more a for 3 and 2 annex See workshop. The workshop took place in Hotel Cattaro and the Town Hall ofKotor, andwasdelivered inEnglish. Boka Kotorska 3.1. SWOT in analysisof ecotourism following table: the summarised in be can debate this of results main The The presentations of the morningstrengths (SWOTKotorska.analysis)ecotourismBokaled of in to a participative strengths,mainthedebate onweaknesses, opportunities and M (Workshop) oric, professor at the University of Montenegro,UniversityVesnaof the at professor oric, st –Jan Multistakeholders Round Table Working Groups Session: Knezevic,CAMP Montenegro entrepreneurial projects (Stakeholders Day) Project presentation Saturday 1 Closing session Cazorla (Elements) as st –Feb Lekovic, BokaKotorskaasanUNESCOHeritageSite - GrowingInternationalmarketforecotourism ------ainl n itrainl rjcs oue on focused projects international and National nature Cruisetourism(newcustomers) for trend growing a as stewardship Land Montenegro accession to EU process (European Funds) TourismDevelopmentStrategyto 2020 the to due air) (clean conditions environmental Good “ecological first the as self-claimed has Montenegro Diversifiedtouristicactivities&products SeveralNGOsinvolvedinEcotourism Importantnaturalmonuments,protectedareas Localandtraditionalfood&products Well-developedtourismsector GoodgeographicalpositionintheMediterranean. Pleasantclimate Remarkablebiodiversity(flora,fauna) Uniquegeomorphology(coastandmountains) (ecotourism) eco-entrepreneurship promoting and nature preserving management inEurope absence ofindustryinthearea country” inEurope.10%ofitssurfaceisprotected. Opportunities Strenghts Massivetouristicflux(Ecoprinciplesatrisk) - Lc o a oriae mngmn sse providing system management coordinated a of Lack - Tourismseasonality ------niomna pluin epcal sld waste solid especially pollution, Environmental between cooperation and networking of culture Low Ecotouristservicespromotedindividually Insufficienthotelbeds(speciallyHercegNovi) Noproperwastewatersystem Irregularlanguageproficiency SMEhaveinsufficientcapacityonEcotourism Lowenvironmentalawarenessinthesociety LackofpromotionEcotourismproducts FewairportdirectconnectionstoTivat Ecotourism is not fully understood by all stakeholders: all by understood fully not is Ecotourism Migrationofpeoplefromhinterland tocoastalareas local prioritize Riskofmiss-plannedmanagement not do often investors Foreign Devastation of environment: illegal construction, urban an integratedtouristicoffer production andwastewater stakeholders low addedvalue community’s needs sprawl, infraestructures,etc. Weaknesses Threats 99 7. ANNEXES 100 7. ANNEXES ors i ntrl rtce aes ET) o different or international (ECTS), examples areas and approaches protected to ecotourism natural activities in Tourism about how to implement the European Charter for Sustainablecasestudies key werepresented. presented wasitSo, theoverview an discuss ecotourism several to which devoted during session, was the opened day SPA, second The Meryem Kotorska. Boka in ecotourism develop to issues stakeholders andtheirrole 4. Daytwo: Identifyingecotourism C The needforstrategy, planningandlawimplementationonecotourism ei, rm C/A, n Daniel and SCP/RAC, from herif, "HSJDVMUVSFBOEPUIFSFDPOPNJDMBOEVTFDPNQBUJCJMJUZ t *OGSBTUSVDUVSFEFWFMPQNFOU t $SFBUJPOPGBQSPQFSMZNBOBHFEFDPUBYUPQSPNPUFFDPUPVSJTN t 0UIFSGPSNTPGUPVSJTN TVOBOETBOE DSVJTFSTy NBOBHFNFOUJOUFSNTPGGSFRVFODZJODFSUBJOWVMOFSBCMFBSFBT t 6SCBOTQSBXMDPOUSPM t The managementofothereconomic activitiesandtheirimpactsonthe environment -BOETUFXBSETIJQJOJUJBUJWFT t 1VCMJDNBOBHFNFOUXJUIQSJWBUFFOHBHFNFOU t $POTFSWBUJPOPGOBUVSBMWBMVFTPG.POUFOFHSP t The conservationofnaturalandculturalassets 1SPNPUJPOBMDBNQBJHOTPGFDPUPVSJTN t 3BJTJOHBXBSFOFTT FOWJSPONFOUBMFEVDBUJPO t +PJOUQSPNPUJPO t $PNQMFNFOUBSZQSPEVDUT USBOTQPSUBUJPO BDDPNNPEBUJPO  t *OOPWBUJWFBDUJWJUJFT t The promotionofecotourismproducts $SFBUJPOPGBiIFMQEFTLwUPPGGFSTVQQPSUUPFOUSFQSFOFVST t *OOPWBUJPOQSPNPUJPO t &YDIBOHFQSPHSBN BOECFODINBSLJOH t &DPUPVSJTN t %BUBCBTFPGFOUSFQSFOFVSTBOEFDPUPVSJTNBDUJWJUJFT t The developmentofentrepreneurship 0SHBOJTJOHBOFYQFSUHSPVQUPNPOJUPSFDPUPVSJTNBDUJWJUJFTBOEBTTFTTJUTRVBMJUZ t .BLFTVSFBMMHFOFSBUFEJOGPSNBUJPOBWBJMBCMFUPBMMTUBLFIPMEFST JGUIBUJOGPSNBUJPOJTOPUTFOTJUJWF  t 1SPGFTTJPOBMNFFUJOHTBOEGPSVNT t *OUFSOBUJPOBMCFODINBSLJOHPOFDPUPVSJTN t *OWFOUPSJFT EBUBCBTF PGBWBJMBCMFJOGPSNBUJPOPOFOWJSPONFOUBM TPDJBMBOEFDPOPNJDJTTVFT t 0OMJOFQMBUGPSNXJUISFTFBSDITUVEJFTSFTVMUT t The gatheringofrelevantinformationonecotourismanditscommunication %BUBCBTFPGFDPUPVSJTNTUBLFIPMEFST UPLOPXiXIPJTXIPwJOUIFTFDUPS BOEXIBUEPUIFZEP t "TTPDJBUJPOTBOEFYDIBOHFBOEEFCBUFNFFUJOHT t 1SJWBUFOFUXPSLJOHBOETIBSJOHPGLOPXMFEHFBOEJOGPSNBUJPO t 1VCMJDQSJWBUF1BSUOFSTIJQT t The interactionandnetworkingamongststakeholders 4IBSJOHPGNFUIPEPMPHJFTBNPOHTUFDPUPVSJTNJOJUJBUJWFT t 5SBJOJOHXPSLTIPQTJOFOWJSPONFOUBM CVTJOFTTBOEMBOHVBHFTLJMMT t *OUFHSBUFFDPUPVSJTNJOUIFUPVSJTNFEVDBUJPOVOJWFSTJUZPGGFS t 6OJWFSTJUZQSPGFTTJPOBMQSPHSBNTPOFDPUPVSJTN NBTUFSTPSUSBJOJOHDPVSTFT  t The promotionofskillsandtrainingfocusedonecotourism 1VCMJD t *NQMFNFOUBUJPOPGOBUVSFQSPUFDUJPOMBXT UPVSJTNBOEPUIFSMBXT t 5PVSJTN.BTUFS1MBOJNQMFNFOUBUJPO TIPVMECFVQEBUFEXJUIDVSSFOUEBUB  t $".1.POUFOFHSPJNQMFNFOUBUJPO t QBSUJDJQBUJPO CVTJOFTT JOGPSNBUJPO JODVCBUPS GVOE HBUIFSJOH  Key issuesforecotourismpromotionKotorska inBoka C SBJTJOH  bin fo RAC/ from ebrian, DPOTVMUBUJPO  BTTFTTNFOU BOE JO UIF TVQQPSU  FMBCPSBUJPO land stewardship, presented by Xavier Elements).alsoItwasintroduced participativethe strategy of n eierna ad onan ra (Xavier areas mountain and Mediterranean in h dbt o te WT nlss uig the during analysis SWOT the on debateproposal of actionsthatcouldbederived from thesekeyissues. The preliminary Kotorska,aecotourism Boka andpromotion in for issues key the identification of the to led dayprevious inBoka Kotorska 4.1. Key issues for ecotourism promotion CZ UIF PG /BUJPOBM OFX TUSBUFHJFT BOE -PDBM BOE QMBOT  HPWFSONFOUT UISPVHI BOE Sabaté (Espai TReS). JOGPSNBUJPO VOJWFSTJUJFT UFDIOPMPHJFT CA zorla, The following table describes the role of the main the of role the describes table following The stakeholders ofecotourisminBokaKotorska. (see below), andthemainstakeholderswere identified: Kotorska was presented as proposed by the Feasibility Study Boka of map stakeholder ecotourism Cazorla The Xavier Kotorska. workshop, the Boka of facilitators Both in ecotourism boost to contribute could stakeholder every and Xavier Sabaté, invited the participants to reflect on how inBoka Kotorska 4.2. Stakeholders analysis of ecotourism Professional organisations National government International bodies Local governments Eco-entrepreneurs Travel agencies Stakeholders Universities NGOs .FEJBUJPO t $SFBUJOHQSPGFTTJPOBMBEWJDFBOEQSBDUJDBMUSBJOJOHUPFOUSFQSFOFVST t )BWJOHEJSFDUDPOUBDUXJUIFDPUPVSJTUT DVTUPNFST  t 1SPWJEJOHJOGPSNBUJPOPOUIFJSPXOBDUJWJUJFT t %FNBOEJOHQSPQFSJOGPSNBUJPOPOSFTPVSDFT t $SFBUJOHOFXKPCT t $SFBUJOHOFXFDPUPVSJTNQSPEVDUT t *EFOUJGZJOHOFFETGPSFOUSFQSFOFVST t $SFBUJOHOFXFDPUPVSJTNCVTJOFTTFT t *EFOUJGZJOHQPUFOUJBMGPSCVTJOFTTJOFDPUPVSJTN t 'BDJMJUBUFBOETFUUIFGSBNFXPSLGPSUIFQSPNPUJPOPGFDPUPVSJTN t .POJUPSJOHUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGUIFTFQPMJDJFT t $PPSEJOBUJPOXJUIUIF/BUJPOBMHPWFSONFOUUPQSPNPUFFDPUPVSJTNQPMJDJFT t (FOFSBUJOHBOEGBDJMJUBUJOHOFUXPSLT t &OUSFQSFOFVSTIJQQSPNPUJPO t 0GGFSJOHTFSWJDFT TUVEJFT GVOET SFMBUFEUPDFSUBJOQSPKFDUT  t 0GGFSJOHTFSWJDFTUPFDPFOUSFQSFOFVST JOGPSNBUJPO USBJOJOH MPCCZJOH  t 0GGFSJOHUSBJOJOHBOETLJMMT NPSFJOBUIFPSFUJDBMMFWFM t #SJEHJOHHBQTCFUXFFOTUBLFIPMEFST t #BTFMJOFJOGPSNBUJPO JOWFOUPSJFT DPNQJMBUJPOT  t ,OPXMFEHFTVQQPSUUPBMMTUBLFIPMEFSTJOBMMBDBEFNJDGJFMET t *OWPMWFNFOUBOEFOHBHFNFOUPGTPDJFUZXJUIOBUVSF t 1SPWJEFJOGPSNBUJPOBOEUSBEJUJPOBMLOPXMFEHFUPUSBWFMBHFODJFT t -PCCZJOHUPQSPNPUFOBUVSF t &OWJSPONFOUBMQSPUFDUJPOUISPVHITQBUJBMQMBOOJOH t 1SPWJEJOHBENJOJTUSBUJWFTFSWJDFT t $PPSEJOBUJOHBDUJPOTJOUIFNVOJDJQBMJUJFTBOEQSPNPUFBDUJWJUJFT t $SFBUJOHFDPUPVSJTNTUSBUFHJFTBOEDBNQBJHOTBUB/BUJPOBMMFWFM t $BQBDJUZCVJMEJOH t 'BDJMJUBUJPOPGQSPQFSDPOEJUJPOTGPSFDPUPVSJTNBOEFYDIBOHFBNPOHTUTUBLFIPMEFST t -BXTBOETUSBUFHJFTDSFBUJPO t CFUXFFO JOEJWJEVBM TUBLFIPMEFST Figure 3. stakeholder Ecotourism diagramofBoka Kotorska BOE Role PUIFS TUBLFIPMEFS source: Feasibility StudyonEcotourismforlocal HSPVQT /BUJPOBM development inBoka Kotorska HPWFSONFOU  FUD   101

7. ANNEXES 102 7. ANNEXES During the last day of the workshop the trainees the workshop the of day last the During to Canvas Model Business the with practised and learnt inBokaecotourism Kotorska 5. Daythree: Towards thefuture of tours, eco-bikeandNordic walkingactivities. eco-kayak on focused were which proposals, business every for map mind a was result maps. The mind using planning business ecotourism: on proposals the structure to thinking strategic of methodologies different presented facilitator as Once the stakeholders reflected on how they could trainees began to design their business Cazorla ideas. Xavier the Kotorska, Boka in ecotourism promote to contribute inBoka ecotourism Kotorska 4.3. projects Entrepreneurial on Figure 4. Participative exercise toidentifytherole inBoka ofthemainstakeholders ofecotourism Kotorska session. multi-stakeholder a in presented also were workshop the ideas of and results main The plans. business their on work nrpeera poet o eoors i Bk Kotorska generated by trainees. Boka in the ecotourism of of planning projects visual entrepreneurial a simple was result a The way. in visual model and business any summarize that blocks nine the exemplified and explained topic this on the expert ideas, business as of maps Cazorla, mind from Departing Xavier Model. Canvas Business of methodology the throughout plans business own their designed trainees activities: from ideas to planning 5.1. Businessmodelofecotourism Figure 5. Working onBusiness ModelCanvas development © XavierSABATÉ © XavierSABATÉ National Parks). Montenegrinother and Skadar Lake, Durmitormountains, Montenegrothe as (such ecotourism for potential offer that of parts other on focus to its wanted also question The debate area. and generate to Kotor intended this in promotion ecotourism was of feasibility of the considering question This Bay (the surroundings) is the appropriate scale to bear in mind when Kotorska Boka whether ecotourism? inMontenegro topromote 5.2.1. IsBoka Kotorska theplace as questions, main 4 in structured was debate The follows: the future ofecotourisminBokaKotorska. Finally, the main results and ideas of the workshop 16 where representatives of the session, different interests at stake discussed on multi-stakeholder a in presented were Boka Kotorska 5.2. Final in onecotourism debate t t t t t t t o ol ntrl aus ut e osdrd but considered, be must values natural only Not should Kotorska Boka in entrepreneurs Ecotourism could Montenegro in activities ecotouristic of map A A circular tour of 5-7 days around different ecotouristic uue re Mutis ainl ak declaration Park National Mountains Orjen Future State Ecological declared first the is Montenegro Montenegro in activities ecotourist the of Most rdcs clua hrtg, prs ta ae widely are that sports… heritage, cultural agriculture products, as such assets, and attractions other also some has Kotorska ecotourist attractionsbyitself. Boka itself, Kotorska that Boka forgetting than without area bigger a consider how show and material, activities couldbecomplementedamongstregions. promotion good a offer Montenegro. in spots touristic different connect to hub a be could in Kotor Croatia). places and (Bosnia considering countries neighbouring even mountains, Orjen and Gora Biogradska Durmitor, Lake, Boka Skadar promoted: Kotorska, be could Montenegro in hotspots oosa A opeetrt bten osa and coastal hinterland attractionsshouldbesought. between Boka complementarity in A ecotourism Kotorska. for opportunity good a offers of part relevant Montenegro. a is Kotorska Boka and Europe, in the ecotouristicofferincountry. the from support distribute help some could entrepreneurs to administrations but North, the in happen This question focused on the time scale of the the of scale ecotouristic time the the on jeopardise focused region. the of resources could identify question This that to threats intended main also the It ecotourism. of promotion inBokaecotourism Kotorska? 5.2.2. Are we ontimetopromote t t t t t t t t t t Some remarkable natural resources are still present present still are resources natural remarkable Some areas certain in projects urbanisation some are There the by protected somewhat been has Kotorska Boka An important issue is the land use by big landowners, landowners, big by use land the is issue important An ecotourism: for opportunity an be can tourism Mass in present problems the all solve not will Ecotourism integrate to opportunity an is project CAMP The to promote is needed support financial and Technical planning responsible and term long strategic, more A communities and settlements rural traditional The itiue aon te onr. ctuim should take advantageofthediversityinMontenegro. Ecotourism country. the around distributed hm rm ra srw. lo n oe ra, re- areas, some in naturalisation isstillpossible. Also sprawl. urban from protect them to done be must action and country, the in the view. strategic in a with term, long investment and time needs that ecotourism, with with compatible is not land, on the impact an evident and term short the in assets. planned projects, ecotouristic the These important jeopardise very could of that conservation etc.) island, Mammula (Porto Montenegro, urbanisation in Lustica Peninsula, projects. ecotourism develop to possible still is it so assets, its of all lost not has and protection UNESCO especially in coastal areas. areas. coastal in especially of sustainability tourism. the of forms other these to the contribute also to way this in complement good a and sea)- sun, (sand, tourism -3S tourism cruises). mainstream be and can (hotels Ecotourism costumers their ecotouristic to offer to products desire may operators tour big Boka Kotorska,butwillofferanicheofalternatives. urban growth. unplanned the control time same the at and Kotorska Boka of management area coastal the in ecotourism investment. ecotourism. into go private would investors individual boost so present be Public should to preconditions Some Kotorska. needed Boka is in support activities ecotouristic needed. is landscapes. traditional of loss the provoking is depopulation and lost, being are 103

7. ANNEXES 104 7. ANNEXES This question was intended to deep in the debate potential ofnetworking andcollaboration. the in deep to intended was the question This and them, amongst relationship the on especially and about the stakeholder’s role in the promotion of ecotourism, ready for ecotourism? 5.2.3. Are Boka Kotorska stakeholders t t t t t Investmentintraining and skill building will beneeded, Ecotourism initiatives will find support from the green Competence in ecotourism is not as present as in other It is not necessary to have a full consensus on ecotourism Most of the stakeholders are ready for the promotion of economy promotion deriving from the CAMP project. will beveryimportanttohaveamorecompleteoffer. companies amongst Collaboration offer. specific very a for look to tend ecotourists because sectors, tourism be startedasearlypossible. could development of phase initial an but promotion, ecotourism, they only need to do the first step forward. will wait others to do the first step and follow their especiallyentrepreneurs.firsttracks.thefor stakeholdersSome Figure 6. Final onthefuture ofecotourism, debate themulti-stakeholder during session of Montenegro. The studyisplannedtofinishatmid-2014. enableintegrated coastal zone management ofthe coastal area the implementation of ecotourism in Boka Kotorskastudy inwill ordercome up towith recommendations The Kotor. and conclusions in businesses entrepreneurship onecotourism and the into andecotourism integratedBokainKotorska, andassess thepotential of be will tourismsectorofanalyse the proceedingsSCP/RAC,to aims andwhich These Kotorska (Montenegro)”,Boka RAC/SPA commissioned by development in local “Ecotourism for on Feasibility Study ecoentrepreneur the Workshopthe of end the At trainees were ofparticipation. handedacertificate all debate, the of results the consideringbe a priority After for the sustainable developmentecotourism in Boka in Kotorska.Boka Kotorska not only made promotingstakeholders that debate agreedsense, on the present in but it should This final question wrapped up the debate and was detail. mainly arhetoricalquestionthatneedednotfurther inBokaecotourism Kotorska? 5.2.4. Doesitmake sensetoboost © RAC/SPA, Daniel CEBRIAN Figure 7. andspeakers, Someoftheparticipants theendof at Workshop © RAC/SPA, Daniel CEBRIAN 105

7. ANNEXES 106 7. ANNEXES ANNEX 2:DETAILED SCHEDULE Lecturer /facilitator J. KNEZEVIC J. KNEZEVIC J. X. CAZORLA X. Ecotourism:andlocaldevelopment promoting through conservation entrepreneurship CAZORLA X. V EOI Ecotourism resources intheBokaKotorska V.LEKOVIC I. I. TRUMBIC .FRNAMaster planforGreen andBlue Economy intheBokaKotorska -Lorenzo FARINEA C. M. CHERIF M. X. SABATÉ X. X. SABATÉ X. I. MORIC I. Working group’s session: statusofecotourisminBokaKotorska. SWOT analysis Ecotourism notions Tourism modelintheBokaKotorska Greening economy in Boka Kotorska in line with CAMP application - Jelena and introduce to facilitate interactionamongstparticipants activity Energizing timing… goals, Workshop: the of dynamics the to Introduction CAMP Montenegro: Jelena Knezevic, Adviser to the Minister and CAMP National Coordinator (10 min) Institutional presentation (10min) Pollution reduction as a precondition for greening economy: ECAP implementation - Ivica- implementation ECAP economy: greening for preconditionPollution a as reduction Minister andCAMPNational Coordinator MEDPOL expert Thursday, 30 Coffee Break Coffee Break Lunch Break Credentials th January Content FACCO KNEZEVIC , DFSEngineering , Adviser to the TRUMBIC , KOTOR RAC/SPA, MSDT RAC/SPA, Lecturer /facilitator A. FILIPOVIC A. A. FILIPOVIC A. X. CAZORLA X. CAZORLA X. X. CAZORLA X. X. CAZORLA X. CAZORLA X. CAZORLA X. X. CAZORLA X. V EOI Ecotourism resources intheBokaKotorska V.LEKOVIC Presentation ofMedMPAnet project CEBRIÁN D. M. CHERIF M. X. SABATÉ X. SABATÉ X. SABATÉ X. X. SABATÉ X. X. SABATÉ X. SABATÉ X. SABATÉ X. X. SABATÉ X. X. SABATÉ X. SCP/RAC, Facilitator SCP/RAC - MNE, Working groups session:finalisationofentrepreneurial projects region Working groups session: Development of entrepreneurial projects for the promotion of ecotourism in the t How?BusinessModelCanvas t8IBU %FWJTJOHBXJOOJOHTUSBUFHZJOOPWBUJPO TUSFOHUI FOWJSPONFOUBMBOETPDJBMWBMVFBOEFDPOPNJD the region) in ecotourism of promotion the for action of (lines proposals of Development session: Workinggroups Working groups session.Key stakeholdersofecotourisminKotor Tourism.Sustainable Eco-entrepreneurship casestudyinCatalonia“SOMPirineu” for Charter European the and areas protected in Ecotourism benchmarking: International asuccessfulmodelforpartnership in nature conservation: International benchmarking: Land stewardship in Catalonia and Europe: engaging citizens and businesses the in entrepreneurship Green promote to projects and Mediterranean actions of Lines SCP/RAC - UNEP/MAP Closing Ceremony Debate onthefuture ofecotourisminBokaKotorska Conclusions andnextsteps:Ecotourism forlocaldevelopment inBokaKotorska Feasibility Study Multi-stakeholder’s meetingopening h? ulc atcpto ad oenne n rtce aes n eoors. ewrig tools. Networking ecotourism. and areas protected in Identifying thekeystakeholdersandestablishingcollaborative networks governance and participation Public Who? The Feasibility Study deskresearch financial viability Saturday, 1 Friday, 31 Coffee Break Coffee Break Coffee Break Lunch Break Lunch Break Credentials Credentials st st January February Content Content 107

7. ANNEXES 108 7. ANNEXES niomna Sine ad utial Development. Sustainable and Sciences Environmental on Barcelona and Doctorate programmes incoursed Autonomous theSciences University forBarcelona (UAB), of ANNEX 3. SPEAKERS the Mediterranean openseas,includingdeepseas. embracing MPAs multilateral of creation the favour to 15) Mediterranean a to contribute regional one. In the and same line he has MPAs boosted a national project (2008- of create networks to capacity countries Mediterranean the and developed has boost to project(2009-14) linked a and strategy a launched he activities, recent Among agency. implementing (UNEP/MAP) Plan Action Mediterranean UNEP a RAC/SPA, Areas Protected Specially for Centre Activity Regional the within Convention, Barcelona the of (SPA/BD)Diversity Biological & AreasProtected Specially for Protocol the of Strategic officer BIO) the (SAP Programme Actions presently is He negotiations. regional and meetings represent events, international hundred to a than more in and institutions continents, resources natural four countries´ many embracing of behalf on know to act him and taken has work His anthropologic issues. socioeconomic and pollution fisheries, including factors, human related as well as ecosystems, marine and coastal in conservation biology of threatened species and their habitats terrestrial in also biodiversity,on on focused knowledge solid but a has He ones. ecosystems coastal and marine in mostly region, Mediterranean diversity the in biological policies preservation and research conservation to related (RAC/SPA):Areas Protected Specially for Centre and socialinvolvement. building capacity networking, in partnerships, specialized public-private being seminars, in and speaker workshops guest Responsible numerous as participated and has He Ecotourism sector. Tourism in entrepreneurship and founded 2011 IneleMents, offering strategic assessment Ecotourism. for local development on network EcoturCAT the promoted where (CADS), Catalonia Sustainable of Development on Council Advisory the of coordinator Wasalso Group. Working Network Biodiversity the Councils chairing (EEAC), Advisory Development and Environment Sustainable European European the in of member experienced as countries Also areas. protected in strategies natural regional and local define to universities and in participated diverse projects for the Mexican government where America, Latin in experience international broad a CEBRIÁN Xavier r Daniel Dr. has been contributing for three decades on fields CAZORLA CEBRIÁN , eleMents: Master in Environmental Rgoa Activity Regional , Daniel With the household,CAMPMontenegro, MIDAS,etc. research and in Efficiency Energy Awarenessof translation Public as such assistance a in as involved programs other was several I the etc. Week, Entrepreneurship as such Global projects the on researcher junior a as Consulting CEED the in working am I Nowmanager. administrative an as Company construction GROUP C in work to I used industry, hospitality the in working Besides Podgorica. from Economics of Faculty in studies master Marketing of student Technology,current and Dubrovnik and from University Rochester Management for College American on engineering needs. and industrial for solutions unconventional and innovation engineering, capable to identify and manage and transport engineering, electronics, telecommunications, system safety,engineering, and process health and chemical assessment, risk engineering, structural and environmental civil, sciences, earth the in capabilities extensive with staff Since then,theCompanyhasdeveloped amultidisciplinary facilities. power and industrial for applications engineering the early 80’s. During the early years, D’Appolonia pioneered consulting company active on the international market since in D’Appolonia, Italy. D’Appolonia is an Italian engineering National Action Plans around theMediterranean countries. Productionin and Consumption Sustainable Promotionof NetworkingSociety;and Civil Greenand entrepreneurship in launching the EU SWITCH-Med Demo Component on involved Currently EcAp; Montenegro; CAMP as Almeria, CAMP such projects through strategies, as well UNEP/MAP as protocols its and Convention Barcelona the in SCP of integration the on working SCP/RAC, at manager project 2011, Since others). among Catalonia, in industry Tunisia and Egypt, assessment of used vegetable oil recycling Morocco,in IPPC Partner of Countries”adaptation the for Mediterranean the in techniques available industrial best “Boosting Biofuel BAT4MED FP7 in for manager project Chile, in opportunities production of the assessment for and project the FAO Europe in (participation America, region South Mediterranean through in acquired projects experience different International Madrid. de Politécnica Universidad and Paristech Art&Metiers Engineering, from Energy and Mechanical in degree Master’s (SCP/RAC): Production and Consumption Sustainable Ana Chiara Meryem FILIPOVIĆ FARINEA CHERIF otrdae student postgraduate CEED: , , Regional Activity Centre for Centre Activity Regional , Architect and Urban Planner Urban and Architect : for Sustainable Development. MediterraneanCommission Personthe Chair of as pointed UNEP/MAP.by implemented Montenegro of was 2012 In National Strategy for Integrated Coastal Zone Management Montenegrothe Montenegro)of development(CAMP and of Programme Management National Area Coastal becomes for Coordinator 2011 In Environment. of field the in process integration EU the for Development CoordinatorTourism. and Sustainable of Ministry Environment, the 20) n DA Mse) n hscl egah (UdG, geography physical areas in (Master) protected DEA and in (2002) postgraduate 2001), (UAB, scientist growers Olive the Association BOKA. at management Manager, Financial Project Planning, for responsible and Board of Member the at Statistics Tourism.of Faculty2007 Montenegro, Since of University Business Marketing, in Global Communications Tourism, Marketing Tourism, in Behaviour Professor Montenegro.in MarketingTourism, on assistant research and Consumer in Development Tourism Rural concerning various topicsofsustainabledevelopment. assistance in the realization of activities, projects, campaigns publications issued by Expeditio and various tasks related to into some as and well as correspondence official from including performing English, translation assistant tasks, project administrative and various Administrative NGO an in as employed been has Development Spatial Sustainable for Centre EXPEDITIO, she 2004, Since tourist licensed guide. is She Literature. and for Language English Department Montenegro, of University Philosophy, Vesna Jelena Xavier Ilija MORIC KNEZEVIC LEKOVIĆ SABATÉ H i Mreig set of Aspect Marketing in PHD : Environmental TReS: Espai , rdae o Fcly of Faculty on graduated : die t te iitr for Minister the to Adviser : and otherevents toshare inthefield. myexpertise courses training seminars, in participated and organised I public and groupsbodies to enhance environmentalSince conservation. 2002, of empowerment and the 10 to sensibilisation devoted than been have more I activity, professional During of years facilitation. team and building relationship networking, as well as and skills, communication participation as more such a management, promote land to responsible needed and skills land the on with training and environment academic my communication balance participation, I planning. in as training such academic my disciplines complemented have I 2009). and regional planningincoastalareas. Civil urban of on teaching Geodesy Department and Architecture Engineering, Split, of University the at lecturer journals scientific international several BOEJOUFSOBUJPOBMPSHBOJTBUJPOT.S5SVNCJƥJTBMTPHVFTU of board the of member or editor as of associated been has number and publications, large published has He ICZM planning. through spatial change and recent climate His to issues. adaptation is urban interest and water marine, coastal, on Bank, UNDP, UNEP, UNOPS and other UN organisations is now working as a senior consultant for UNESCO, World He(MedPartnership) project. Ecosystem Marine Large Sea StrategicMediterraneanGEF Partnershipthe managing for 'SPNUP.S5SVNCJƥXPSLFEGPS6/&1 to 1994 from Plan Action Mediterranean UNEP’s the of Centre Activity Regional Programme Actions Priority the of director the was He Barcelona ICZM. the on Convention’s Protocol of force into entry and development with ZoneCoastal ManagementHis (ICZM). career culminated Integrated and, and planning regional and specifically,urban on management resources natural on focused been has he career his During Croatia. and NetherlandsSlovenia, in Ivica TRUMBIC Architect-planner, has studied has Architect-planner, : 109

7. ANNEXES