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An Integral Theory of Participation Tamilea Ann Lundy B.A., University of British Columbia, 1988 a Dissertation Submitted In

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An Integral Theory of Participation Tamilea Ann Lundy B.A., University of British Columbia, 1988 a Dissertation Submitted In An Integral Theory of Participation Tamilea Ann Lundy B.A., University of British Columbia, 1988 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Faculty of Human and Social Development O Tamilea Ann Lundy, 2004 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopying or other means, without the permission of the author. Abstract This dissertation presents an integral theory of participation. It explains participation as a dynamic and ever-present pattern within all living systems, and an intrinsic and evolving aspect of human consciousness and human experience. Participation is key not only to human doing, but to human being and becoming. As consciousness evolves, expressions and experience of participation also evolve, as do participation needs and capacities. At higher stages of development, human beings have the capacity to participate more consciously in our own evolution. An extended understanding of human participation requires an expanded epistemology. It requires an epistemology that accounts for ways of knowing that continue to unfold as consciousness evolves. I present an "emergent noetic epistemology" as a more adequate framework for building an integral theory of participation. An emergent noetic epistemology includes previously held epistemologies, while expanding to embrace emerging ways of knowing. From an emergent noetic epistemological stance, I propose that participation can be understood as relationships between wholes andparts, mediated by interconnectedness, agency and influence. To create an integral theory of participation I began with an extensive transdisciplinary literature review, exploring discourses related to consciousness studies, psychology, theology, spirituality, philosophy, quantum physics, the evolutionary sciences, and the systems sciences. It was during this literature review that I discovered the work of integral theorist Ken Wilber. His pioneering integral model informed the methodology that guided my inquiry, and provided the paradigmatic grounding for my own theory building. My methods took the form of an Integral Transformative Practice, iii drawing on subjective, objective, intersubjective and interobjective experience within my own evolving life course. These methods included phenomenological inquiry, meditation, interviews, my professional practice, systems analysis, capacity building experiences in multiple contexts, discourse engagement and hermeneutic interpretation. The integral theory of participation articulates seventeen principles that underpin participation in all contexts. These principles address the overall dynamics of participation, evolving expressions of participation, and the evolving dynamics of "agency" and its potential as a creative force for conscious participation. A renewed understanding of participation has important implications for theorists and practitioners in diverse disciplines, including those concerned with social development and spiritual transformation. Table of Contents Abstract Table of Contents List of Figures Chapter One Toward an Integral Theory of Participation Chapter Two Consciousness and Participation: Universal constants, evolutionary companions Chapter Three An Integral Perspective on Relatedness Chapter Four Epistemology, Paradigm and Theory: Evolving Ways of Knowing Participation Chapter Five An Integral Theory of Participation Chapter Six Building Capacity for Conscious Participation: An Integral Perspective and an Integral Model Bibliography List of Figures Figure 1.1 The Noetic Bet Figure 1.2 Shifting Worldviews Figure 2.1 Each Level has Four Quadrants Figure 2.2 The Spiral Figure 2.3 Waves and Streams Figure 2.4 Worldviews and Selfhood Figure 3.1 Reality Arises as an AQAL Perspective Figure 3.2 Evolving Energy Figure 3.3 Every Holon has an Inside and an Outside Figure 3.4 Every Mind has a Body: Every Body has a Mind Figure 3.5 Prehension Connects Moment to Moment Experience Figure 3.6 Evolving Consciousness: Upper Left Quadrant Figure 3.7 The Evolution of Universal Sensitivity Figure 4.1 Eros: The Arrow of Directionality Figure 4.2 All Quadrants, All Levels (AQAL) Figure 4.3 The Emergence of a Noetic Epistemology Figure 4.4 Stages of Participation Unfolding Within Jay Earley's Model of Social Evolution Figure 4.5 Practices to Guide Integral Theory Building Figure 5.1 Lundy's Amalgam: Evolving Stages of Consciousness Figure 5.2 From Potential to Actuality: The Collapsing of P-Waves Figure 5.3 Evolving Interconnectedness, Agency and Influence Figure 5.4 A Holarchic View of the Key Determinants of an Integral Theory of Participation Figure 5.5 Evolving Consciousness, Evolving Participation Figure 5.6 Evolution of Relationship to "Other": An Example of the Holarchic Arising of Interconnectedness Figure 5.7 The Power of Prayer: An Example of the Holarchic Arising of Agency Figure 5.8 Evolution of Interior experience - Upper Left quadrant: An Example of the Holarchic Arising of Influence Figure 5.9 Prehension Creates Memory Figure 5.1 0 Arising from Allness and Nothingness: An Example of Participation in Action in the Upper Left Quadrant Figure 5.1 1 Participation is the Link Between Being and Being-in-the-World Figure 5.12 The Rising of Reality: Participation in Action Figure 5.13 The Participatory Co-Arising of Consciousness and Participation Figure 5.14 Agency Collapses Probability Waves Figure 5.15 A Holarchy of Inner Agency Figure 5.16 The Dynamics of Conscious Participation Figure 5.17 The Primacy of Love and Fear Figure 5.18 Evolving Toward Increasing Enoughness 260 List of Figures, Continued... Figure 5.19 Participation Needs and Motivators Through the First Tier 262 of the Spiral of Development Figure 5.20 Participation Needs and Motivators Through the Second Tier 263 of the Spiral of Development Figure 6.1 Arnstein7s"Ladder of Citizen Participation7' 274 Figure 6.2 A Model of Integral Capacity Building 288 Figure 6.3 Translative and Transformative Capacity Building 295 Figure 6.4 A Four-Quadrant Participatory Platform 300 Figure 6.5 Evolving Participatory Platforms: Transcend and Include 302 CHAPTER ONE TO WARD AN INTEGRAL THEORY OF PARTICIPATION Every transformation .. has rested on a new metaphysical and ideological base; or rather, upon deeper stirrings and intuitions whose rationalized expression takes the form of a new picture of the cosmos and the nature of man. Lewis Mumford Introduction Participation is the hope of a world on edge. Settling into the 21'' century, buoyed by the promise of human potential, we find ourselves perched on the edge of discovery. Mars, the stars, an end to aging, all within reach of questing minds. So too the inner edges of human experience; consciousness research is reshaping science, as is the phenomenon of non-local healing. Surveying our recent amazing achievements, we hold great expectation of future wonders. All things seem possible. At the same time, with alarm and dismay, we huddle on the edges of global disaster. In the midst of indulgence, our children go hungry. While information technologies leap forward literacy lags. In a torrent of technological invention, many lack tools for basic survival. Even as industry flourishes globally, local livelihoods crumple in uncertainty. On the environmental front the list continues: melting ice caps, blazing forests, warming oceans, desertification of once fertile land. To say nothing of the human horrors on the nightly news: rebel raids and massacre, state terrorism and genocide. Recognizing the magnitude of the challenges that face us it is common to cringe, to want to hide. In those moments, very little seems possible. Participation is at the core of our highest achievements and our most pressing problems. In fact, participation is at the core of all human experience. When we sink, and when we soar, participation is present in all that we do, in all that we experience. An ever present universal dynamic, participation shapes our now and our next, meticulously molding our being and our becoming. Through our participation we make ourselves and we make our world. And through participation, we transform ourselves and our world. The dynamics of participation hold an important key to transformation, and to human evolution. The history of participation is the history of the universe and the history of human consciousness. It is through participation that life evolves. It is with participation that we set our compass and choose our path, unfolding our future fi-om moment to moment. At this point in our evolutionary journey, many are approaching a new level of consciousness, one that calls us to consciously participate - to be included, to contribute, to choose, to create - with awareness, purpose and intention. This next flowering of human potential invites conscious participation in human evolution. Here, as we come to recognize our creative capacities we concede our participatory role in the making of human experience, manifesting as global challenge or global achievement. When addressing our potential or our problems, we tend to seek answers from conventional sources - science, technology, economics, political studies, for example, or religion. With this dissertation, I am inviting exploration of a lesser known facet of human experience: participation. By exploring the evolving nature of participation, we may come to a greater understanding of evolving human nature, and evolving human capacities. When it manifests
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