Memory and Identity Among Serbs and Croats
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National Museums in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Slovenia: a Story of Making ’Us’ Vanja Lozic
Building National Museums in Europe 1750-2010. Conference proceedings from EuNaMus, European National Museums: Identity Politics, the Uses of the Past and the European Citizen, Bologna 28-30 April 2011. Peter Aronsson & Gabriella Elgenius (eds) EuNaMus Report No 1. Published by Linköping University Electronic Press: http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp_home/index.en.aspx?issue=064 © The Author. National Museums in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Slovenia: A Story of Making ’Us’ Vanja Lozic Summary This study explores the history of the five most significant national and regional museums in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia. The aim is to show how these museums contribute to the construction of national and other identities through collections, selections and classifications of objects of interest and through historical narratives. The three museums from Bosnia and Herzegovina that are included in this study are The National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo; which was founded in 1888 and is the oldest institution of this kind in the country; the History Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina founded in 1945 (Sarajevo) and the Museum of the Republic of Srpska in Banja Luka (the second largest city in BiH), which was founded in 1930 under the name the Museum of Vrbas Banovina. As far as Slovenia is concerned, two analysed museums, namely the National Museum of Slovenia (est. 1821) and the Museum of Contemporary History of Slovenia (est. 1944/1948), are situated in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. The most significant periods for the creation of museums as a part of the consolidation of political power and construction of regional and/or national identities can be labelled: The period under the Austrian empire (-1918) and the establishment of first regional museums. -
Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People
60 ZuZana Poláčková; Pieter van Duin Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People The authors are focusing on how Montenegro today is coming to terms with the task of becoming a modern European nation, which implies recognition not only of democracy, the rule of law, and so forth, but also of a degree of ‘multiculturalism’, that is recognition of the existence of cultural, ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities in a society that is dominated by a Slavic Orthodox majority. In his context they are analyzing the history of the struggle of the Montenegrin people against a host of foreign invaders – after they had ceased to be invaders themselves – and especially their apparently consistent refusal to accept Ottoman sovereignty over their homeland seemed to make them the most remarkable freedom fighters imaginable and led to the creation of a special Montenegrin image in Europe. This im- age of heroic stubbornness and unique martial bravery was even consciously cultivated in Western and Central Europe from the early nineteenth century onwards, as the Greeks, the Serbs, the Montenegrins and other Balkan peoples began to resist the Ottoman Empire in a more effective way and the force of Romantic nationalism began to influence the whole of Europe, from German historians to British politi- cians, and also including Montenegrin and Serbian poets themselves. And what about the present situa- tion? The authors of this essay carried out an improvised piece of investigation into current conditions, attitudes, and feelings on both the Albanian and the Slavic-Montenegrin side (in September 2012). key words: Montenegro; history; multiculturalism; identity; nationalism; Muslim; Orthodox Montenegro (Crna Gora, Tsrna Gora, Tsernagora) is a small country in the Western Balkans region with some 625,000 inhabitants,1 which became an independent nation in 2006 and a can- didate-member of the EU in 2010. -
Case 1:10-Cv-05197 Document 1 Filed 08/17/10 Page 1 of 40
Case 1:10-cv-05197 Document 1 Filed 08/17/10 Page 1 of 40 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS EASTERN DIVISION GENOCIDE VICTIMS ) OF KRAJINA, ) ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) v. ) Case No.: 1:10-CV- _____ ) L-3 COMMUNICATIONS ) Corp. and ) MPRI, Inc., ) JURY DEMAND ) Class Action ) Defendants. ) ) COMPLAINT Plaintiffs Genocide Victims of Krajina, including Milena Jovic and Zivka Mijic, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, for their Complaint against Defendants L-3 Communications Corp. (“L-3”) and MPRI, Inc. (“MPRI”), allege the following: Nature of the Action 1. This is a class action brought by ethnic Serbs who resided in the Krajina region of Croatia up to August 1995 and who then became victims of the Croatian military assault known as Operation Storm—an aggressive, systematic military attack and bombardment on a demilitarized civilian population that had been placed under the protection of the United Nations. Operation Storm was designed to kill or forcibly expel the ethnic Serbian residents of the Krajina region -1- Case 1:10-cv-05197 Document 1 Filed 08/17/10 Page 2 of 40 from Croatian territory, just because they were a minority religio-ethnic group. Defendant MPRI, a private military contractor subsequently acquired by Defendant L-3 Communications Inc., trained and equipped the Croatian military for Operation Storm and designed the Operation Storm battle plan. Operation Storm became the largest land offensive in Europe since World War II and resulted in the murder and inhumane treatment of thousands of ethnic Serbs, the forced displacement of approximately 200,000 ethnic Serbs from their ancestral homes in Croatian territory, and the pillaging and destruction of hundreds of millions of dollars worth of Serbian-owned property. -
Cultural Heritage, Reconstruction and National Identity in Kosovo
1 DOI: 10.14324/111.444.amps.2013v3i1.001 Title: Identity and Conflict: Cultural Heritage, Reconstruction and National Identity in Kosovo Author: Anne-Françoise Morel Architecture_media_politics_society. vol. 3, no.1. May 2013 Affiliation: Universiteit Gent Abstract: The year 1989 marked the six hundredth anniversary of the defeat of the Christian Prince of Serbia, Lazard I, at the hands of the Ottoman Empire in the “Valley of the Blackbirds,” Kosovo. On June 28, 1989, the very day of the battle's anniversary, thousands of Serbs gathered on the presumed historic battle field bearing nationalistic symbols and honoring the Serbian martyrs buried in Orthodox churches across the territory. They were there to hear a speech delivered by Slobodan Milosevic in which the then- president of the Socialist Republic of Serbia revived Lazard’s mythic battle and martyrdom. It was a symbolic act aimed at establishing a version of history that saw Kosovo as part of the Serbian nation. It marked the commencement of a violent process of subjugation that culminated in genocide. Fully integrated into the complex web of tragic violence that was to ensue was the targeting and destruction of the region’s architectural and cultural heritage. As with the peoples of the region, this heritage crossed geopolitical “boundaries.” Through the fluctuations of history, Kosovo's heritage had already become subject to divergent temporal, geographical, physical and even symbolical forces. During the war it was to become a focal point of clashes between these forces and, as Anthony D. Smith argues with regard to cultural heritage more generally, it would be seen as “a legacy belonging to the past of ‘the other,’” which, in times of conflict, opponents try “to damage or even deny.” Today, the scars of this conflict, its damage and its denial are still evident. -
Marko Kovacicmarko Central Central Hungary (2011) CROATIA ANDSERBIA CROATIA of IS By
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CROATIA AND SERBIA By Marko Kovacic Submitted to Central European University Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science Supervisor: prof.dr. Anton Pelinka CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary (2011) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Anton Pelinka, for the valuable comments and suggestions as well as to my academic writing instructor Eszter Timar who has been guiding me throughout academic writing this entire year. Zahvaljujem se i Tinu Gazivodi koji mi je svojim znanjem i iskustvom pomogao shvatiti dinamiku hrvatskog civilnog društva I napokon, poslijednja (i meni najvažnija) zahvala je upućena svim mojim prijateljima koji su me svojim društvom i optimizmom pratili tijekom cijele godine Posebno hvala Melini, Laći i Bakiju! CEU eTD Collection ii ABSTRACT This paper analyses the impact of civil society on the final stage of democratization process – consolidation, using qualitative methodological tools. I start from the theoretical explanation of the concept of democratization and elaborate its specificities in the two countries of the Western Balkans – Croatia and Serbia. By introducing the concept of civil society, I am showing that not only formal governmental institutions play an important role in the consolidation process, but that organized citizens also play a crucial role in consolidation. I use the concept of political opportunity structure which I am applying to the political change in Croatia and Serbia. The theoretical overview of the debates of consolidation and civil society will be supported by two cases where civil society has been crucial, Croatia and Serbia. -
Feral Tribune: Die Geschichte Einer Permanenten Revolution Einführung Zur Sondernummer (Beilage Zur Frankfurter Rundschau)
Zeitung für Literatur und Gesellschaft Redaktion: Alida Bremer und Saša Ilić Ausgabe: 14. Oktober 2015 – Zur Frankfurter Buchmesse 2015 2. Jahrgang, Nr. 3 FERAL TRIBUNE: DIE GESCHICHTE EINER PERMANENTEN REVOLUTION Einführung zur Sondernummer (Beilage zur Frankfurter Rundschau) Vom Beginn der Vorkriegskri- Lucić, Heni Erceg, Marinko Čulić, Lachen der Freiheit: Einführung in Frage nach der Zukunft der Frei- se in Jugoslawien bis zur aktuel- Ivica Đikić, Drago Hedl und ande- Feral Tribune (2. erweiterte Aus- heit erneut zu stellen: Darko len Flüchtlingskrise, die die EU rer -, die in zahlreichen südosteu- gabe, Verlag Adamić, Rijeka, 2015) Vidović, Edi Matić, Maja Vrančić, zu einer Überprüfung der eigenen ropäischen Medien präsent sind. dem Phänomen Feral Tribune Jelena und Mascha Dabić und dem Werte zwingt und die auch Süd- Deshalb haben wir uns entschlos- und seinem revolutionären Ein- Belgrader Design-Studio Metakli- osteuropa erschüttert und zwar sen, der Zeitung Feral Tribune fluss auf den öffentlichen Raum, nika. Unser besonderer Dank gilt entlang der gleichen Linien wie und ihren Machern diese Nummer den Verfolgungen, denen die Zei- dem Journalisten Danijel Majić vor einem Vierteljahrhundert, gab von Beton International: Zeitung tung ausgesetzt war und ihrem und der gesamten Redaktion der es kaum Medien und Stimmen, für Literatur und Gesellschaft zu Ende gewidmet. Wir veröffentli- Frankfurter Rundschau sowie denen es gelang, sich dem Irrsinn widmen, die unter diesem Namen chen einige Auszüge aus diesem jenen Stiftungen, die uns erneut des Krieges und der Kurzsichtig- seit Dezember 2013 existiert. Wir Buch. Außerdem veröffentlichen das Erscheinen ermöglicht und keit der Verantwortlichen für die haben sie gegründet als Plattform, wir zum ersten Mal in deutscher die uns unbürokratisch und un- katastrophale Politik zu widerset- durch die die deutsche und – wie Sprache ausgewählte Texte der kompliziert geholfen haben, diese zen. -
The Book Art in Croatia Exhibition Catalogue
Book Art in Croatia BOOK ART IN CROATIA National and University Library in Zagreb, Zagreb, 2018 Contents Foreword / 4 Centuries of Book Art in Croatia / 5 Catalogue / 21 Foreword The National and University Library in Croatia, with the aim to present and promote the Croatian cultural heritage has prepared the exhibition Book Art in Croatia. The exhibition gives a historical view of book preparation and design in Croatia from the Middle Ages to the present day. It includes manuscript and printed books on different topics and themes, from mediaeval evangelistaries and missals to contemporary illustrated editions, print portfolios and artists’ books. Featured are the items that represent the best samples of artistic book design in Croatia with regard to their graphic design and harmonious relationship between the visual and graphic layout and content. The author of the exhibition is art historian Milan Pelc, who selected 60 items for presentation on panels. In addition to the introductory essay, the publication contains the catalogue of items with short descriptions. 4 Milan Pelc CENTURIES OF BOOK ART IN CROATIA Introduction Book art, a constituent part of written culture and Croatian cultural heritage as a whole, is ex- ceptionally rich and diverse. This essay does not pretend to describe it in its entirety. Its goal is to shed light on some (key) moments in its complex historical development and point to its most important specificities. The essay does not pertain to entire Croatian literary heritage, but only to the part created on the historical Croatian territory and created by the Croats. Namely, with regard to its origins, the Croatian literary heritage can be divided into three big groups. -
Island Adventure Week Custom Experience
A Northern Adriatic Naval Adventure Inkal d.o.o., OIB: 07531884802, Ante Kovačića 6, Rijeka, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia www.inkal.hr, [email protected], +385 (0) 91 151 9230 - 1 - PARTNERSHIPS A Northern Adriatic Naval Adventure Our Offer Getaway Cruise Island Adventure Week Custom Experience a three day cruise in the a seven day cruise in the a special cruise completely adapt- North Adriatic North Adriatic ed to the clients needs and wishes, (3 nights) (7 nights) 7 day minimum stay Inkal d.o.o., OIB: 07531884802, Ante Kovačića 6, Rijeka, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia www.inkal.hr, [email protected], +385 (0) 91 151 9230 - 2 - PARTNERSHIPS A Northern Adriatic Naval Adventure Locations Island of Orjule and Palaciol Island of Lošinj Island of Cres: Beli, Krušćica, Valun, Cres, grit, Mala Luka, Vela Luka, Zlatna, Punat, Sv. Island of Ist: Ist, Zapuntel Lubenice, Martinšćica, Ustrine, Osor, Punta Juraj, Mala Jana, Trokul , Fuska, Island of Unije: Unije, Maračol, Ognjišta, Križa, Meli, Pogana. Island of Olib: Slatnica, Olib, Sveti Nikola Mala, Mišnjak Island of Lošinj: Tomasina, Liski, Artatore,Či- Island of Silba: Silba, Dobre Vode Island of Rab: Račb, Kampor, Lopar kat, Vala Engleze, Mali Lošinj, Veli Lošinj, Island of Premuda: Dobra, Široka, Premuda Other islands: Goli Otok, Grgur, Prvić, Molat, Krivica Island of Škarda: Škarda, Gibarica, Loišće Susak, Ilovik Island of Krk: Stara Baška, Nova Baška, Ne- Inkal d.o.o., OIB: 07531884802, Ante Kovačića 6, Rijeka, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia www.inkal.hr, [email protected], +385 (0) 91 151 9230 - 3 - PARTNERSHIPS A Northern Adriatic Naval Adventure Price List Getaway Cruise (3 days): 01.03. -
Članci Republika Srpska Krajina and the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination*
ČLANCI PETER RADAN, PhD, Professor of Law Macquarie University, Sydney Sydney, New South Wels, 2109, Australia [email protected] UDK: 341.231 originalan naučni rad 323.1(497.5) primljeno: 17. maj 2017. prihvaćeno: 11. oktobar 2017. DOI: 10.29362/IST20VEKA.2018.1.RAD.9-34 REPUBLIKA SRPSKA KRAJINA AND THE RIGHT * OF PEOPLES TO SELF-DETERMINATION ABSTRACT: In Part I of this article author details the claims to inde- pendent statehood of Croatia and Krajina based upon the right of peoples to self-determination in the context of the emergence of nationalism as a powerful political force in Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. He also details the response of the international community to the crisis which these irreconcilable claims gave rise to. In Part II author explores the reasons why the secession of Croatia suc- ceeded and the secession of Krajina failed. Finally, the ramifications of Croa- tia’s and Krajina’s competing claims to statehood for the right of peoples to self-determination are discussed in the Conclusion. KEYWORDS: Republika Srpska Krajina, The break-up of Yugoslavia, War in Croatia 1991–1995, International Law, Self-determination, Secession, Inter-ethnic relations, National Minorities, Serbs in Croatia, Nationalism Introduction On 9 November 1989 the Berlin Wall came down. More than any other, this event of that tumultuous year symbolised the end of the Cold War and ush- ered in what Allen Buchanan has called ‘the age of secession’.1 The usual justi- fication for secessionist demands was the right of peoples to self-determination. One of the means by which this right is realised is by ‘the establishment of a sovereign and independent state’.2 The critical question for self-determination relates to the meaning of ‘peoples’. -
The Genealogy of Dislocated Memory: Yugoslav Cinema After the Break
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses April 2014 The Genealogy of Dislocated Memory: Yugoslav Cinema after the Break Dijana Jelaca University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Jelaca, Dijana, "The Genealogy of Dislocated Memory: Yugoslav Cinema after the Break" (2014). Doctoral Dissertations. 10. https://doi.org/10.7275/vztj-0y40 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/10 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE GENEALOGY OF DISLOCATED MEMORY: YUGOSLAV CINEMA AFTER THE BREAK A Dissertation Presented by DIJANA JELACA Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY February 2014 Department of Communication © Copyright by Dijana Jelaca 2014 All Rights Reserved THE GENEALOGY OF DISLOCATED MEMORY: YUGOSLAV CINEMA AFTER THE BREAK A Dissertation Presented by DIJANA JELACA Approved as to style and content by: _______________________________________ Leda Cooks, Chair _______________________________________ Anne Ciecko, Member _______________________________________ Lisa Henderson, Member _______________________________________ James Hicks, Member ____________________________________ Erica Scharrer, Department Head Department of Communication TO LOST CHILDHOODS, ACROSS BORDERS, AND TO MY FAMILY, ACROSS OCEANS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation is about a part of the world that I call “home” even though that place no longer physically exists. I belong to that “lost generation” of youth whose childhoods ended abruptly when Yugoslavia went up in flames. -
THE SERBS AGAINST the WEHRMACHT a History of World War Two in Yugoslavia Based on Previously Unknown German Documents
Miloslav Samardzic THE SERBS AGAINST THE WEHRMACHT A History of World War Two in Yugoslavia Based on previously unknown German documents Translated by: Nebojsa Malic Kragujevac, 2018. CONTENTS Foreword: In Search of German Documents . .7 1. The 1941 uprising . .13 2. The Battle of Cer . .24 3. Operations “Ozren”, “Ozren 2“, “Bader-Ostbosnien” and “Trio” . .36 4. Other battles in 1942 . 44 5. Sabotage and diversions during the “Battle for Supplies” . .48 6. The “Gordon” group . .58 7. Operations until September 1943 . .61 8. A daily report from the German commander of Serbia . .71 9. Lim, Drina and the coast: Operations following the Italian Surrender . 73 10. Other operations through December 1943 . .79 11. Railway attacks in the fall of 1943 . .86 12. Battle of Višegrad . .93 13. Lim Bridge is Down . .107 14. Semeć Field . .112 15. Report by the 369th Division HQ on October 10, 1943 . 132 16. Breaking through the Jabuka-Mesići-Rogatica Line . 137 17. The Siege of Sarajevo . .154 18. Siege of Sarajevo Ends . .174 19. German Response to the Chetnik Offensive . .186 20. First half of 1944 . .190 21. Fourth Chetnik Offensive Against the Axis . .199 22. Chetnik-inflicted German Losses . .224 23. Analysis of German Losses: Chetniks vs. Partisans . .234 Documents and Photos . 113 Endnotes . .238 Sources . .250 About the Author . .253 Foreword: In Search of German Documents Anyone wishing to give an accurate description of combat operations by the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland (a.k.a. “Chet - niks“) faces two principal challenges. First, the need to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that such operations took place. -
Civil Wars in Yugoslavia: Explaining the Bargaining Process Toma Sokolikj
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 Civil Wars in Yugoslavia: Explaining the Bargaining Process Toma Sokolikj Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC POLICY CIVIL WARS IN YUGOSLAVIA: EXPLAINING THE BARGAINING PROCESS By TOMA SOKOLIKJ A Thesis submitted to the International Affairs Program in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Science Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2012 Toma Sokolikj defended this thesis on November 6, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: Mark Souva Professor Directing Thesis Will H. Moore Committee Member Megan Shannon Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii I dedicate this to Maca and Late Sokolikj for their unconditional support during my entire educational career. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the above-mentioned faculty members for their help and guidance, as well my sister Iva and my brother Zlatko for always being there for me. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi Abstract ........................................................................................................................................