Chapter Ii Words Include As Neologism on Teen Vogue Magazines

CHAPTER II WORDS INCLUDE AS NEOLOGISM ON TEEN VOGUE MAGAZINES

This chapter discusses about the words include as neologism on Teen Vogue magazines. The focus on this chapter is regarding the style or the way creating of neologism, specifically morphological and semantic neologism. Then, it also occurs classification of neologism includes new coinages, derived words, abbreviations, transferred words, acronym as well as old words with a new sense. The researcher found out 40 of new words in Teen Vogue Magazines. Moreover, these 40 of new words will be analyze deeply according to their classification in neologism. To find out what words include as neologism, the writer used “Neologism Characteristic (Lexicography)” as a parameter. Therefore, Oxford Advanced Learner`s Dictionary 8th Edition is using for identifying the words.

2.1 Neologism on Teen Vogue Magazines The writer has found 40 of new words from columns on Teen Vogue magazines that include as neologism. In the discussion below, the writer presented the new words with description from the context on teen vogue magazines as well as interpretations from the writer itself. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to get the meaning of new words by describing each of new words one by one.

2.1.1 Bestie The word “bestie” occurs two times on Teen Vogue, especially in February edition. The first one is telling about Ariana Grande and the second one is telling about Rihanna. 1) “Getting a hand from one of her besties, Jones Crowa”. (p. 23) 2) “Meanwhile, the Lanvin-clad superstar is tucked into a corner, mid–duck face. She’s posing with her new M.A.C. Viva Glam lipstick while her bestie–cum–staff photographer, Melissa Forde, snaps pics. (p. 82)

The word “bestie” comes from “best” and “ie”. The writer gives the description of “best” is most enjoyable, suitable and happiest (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th Edition) . While “ie” is showing affection (Oxford

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Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th Edition). Therefore, based on the context in articles, “bestie” is “a person who showing an affection toward certain people that suitable to each other and share they enjoyable and happiest life”. Shortly, it is “someone best friend; a very close friend; a person you love and with whom you spend lots of time”.

2.1.2 Big break 1) “The fashion force got her start working at a photography agency in London and considers her big break to be assisting industry heavyweight Edward Enninful. She has since lent her sartorial talents to prominent glossies from W to Vogue México, as well as the runways of New York Fashion Week.” (p. 26) 2) “Ebony magazine—it was my big break! As an intern, I helped build the beauty department from the ground up.” (p. 31) 3) “During grad school at Syracuse University I got my first big break in the industry. One of the requirements for graduation was to intern, so I worked at an agency called Deep Focus, covering social media accounts for AMC’s Mad Men, Breaking Bad, and The Walking Dead. Starting there opened my eyes to the business.” (p. 32) 4) “In 2011, at only 17, the singer-songwriter got his big break at the Glastonbury Festival on BBC’s Introducing Stage and landed a record deal soon afterward.” (p. 129) 5) “having taken the world by storm after winning an international dance competition in 2011. “It was like a flood,” says Larry Bourgeois, right, of their big break. “We got to work with Jay Z, Missy Elliott, everybody.” The 25-yearold guys may have distinctive personalities, but they join forces to powerful effect. “When we do choreography together, we are totally the same. That’s our strength,” Laurent says. As for their star- studded résumés? He adds:“They make us feel like all our dreams are too little, that no dream is too big.” (p. 133)

The words “big break” occur three times on February edition and two times on May edition of Teen Vogue. The first is on the “contributors” column which 25

informing about Michelle Cameron, the second is on the column about “ask an editor” and the last is on the “Fashion at Work” which telling about Clara Brown Mennely. “big break” also appear on May edition of Teen Vogue. The first article tells about a musician Jake Bugg. The second is on the column about “rhythm nation” which inform all about “dance”. The writer separately the words “big break” from each column. First, column about Michelle Cameron. In the column tells the readers about her job as stylist and she is very excited when she has worked up and contribute in February edition of Teen Vogue. The second in the column “ask an editor”. This column written by Elaine Walteroth, she is a Beauty and Health Director of Teen Vogue. In “ask an editor” the readers can give questions to Teen Vogue magazine through e-mail. “big break” occur in sentences written by Elaine Walteroth, when the readers questioning about her first internship. The third article tells about Clara Brown Mennely, she is the manager of social media and digital communications for Maybelline New York. She tells about her current job as the manager. The fourth tells about Jake Bugg who become famous after discovered on Glastonbury Festival. The last is on a colum article tells about Lestwins who become famous after won at international dance in 2011. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th Edition, “big” means “large in size, degree, amount, etc”. The “break” means “to be damaged and separated into two or more parts, as a result of force; to damage something in this way”. However, after the meaning of those words are combining, it has no connection with the context in each of Teen Vogue column. Therefore, based on the context in each column, “big break” can be interpreted as “event that changes life in a positive way; something that will create more opportunities in the future.” For more objective, in the first sentences when Michelle Cameron tells about her experienced working on photography agency that led by Edward Enningful that gives her opportunities to work on the other place. Since then her job as stylist lead her to the more better opportunities, such as she gave contributions on W Magazine, Vogue Mexico Magazine as well as New York Fashion Week. Then, in the second sentences, Elaine Welteroth tells when she worked on Ebony Magazine. After she experienced work in Ebony Magazine, it 26

gave her inspiration to helped build “beauty department” on Teen Vogue. An addition, in the third sentences of “big break”, Clara Brown Mennely tells about her experienced work at agency called Deep Focus that brings her to the business that she is doing right now. Moreover, to get more understanding the words “big break, it can occurs in sentences; 1) “Kelly Clarkson got her big break when she won the contest in the TV show American Idol.” 2) “Mike got his big break in basketball when he played really well in an important game.” 3) “Her first role on Broadway was her big break into show business.” 4) “I’m still waiting for my big break. I don’t know if it’s ever going to happen, but I really hope it does.

2.1.3 Budgeproof

Figure 1 The words “budgeproof” appear in the column “Beauty & Health” in April edition. In this column offers mostly cosmetics product that recommended by Teen Vogue. The words “budgeproof” come from root word “budge and “proof”. “budge” means “to change your opinion about something” while “proof” means “information, documents that show that something is true” (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition). “something” based on the definition of “budge” can be interpret as a price, because from the column it is also offering its price of each product. The price of each mascara, from 7 dollars until 25 dollars, and it considered cheap. Therefore, based on the context, “budgeproof” means low price or cheap. Because, if compared those product with others, it is cheaper. Moreover, one of the purpose of product advertisement is to get the purchaser to buy the product by presented something that the purchaser would like. 28

2.1.4 Bunhead 1) “ The charm and charisma of the kids should appeal to more people than just the bunheads out there—I certainly hope so! Teen Vogue has always stood for finding, developing, and celebrating young talent: models, actors, singers, musicians.” (p. 44) 2) “It’s what countless bunhead dreams are made of: living in a dorm in the city, studying with largerthan-life dance legends, working toward (hopefully) joining one of the best ballet companies in history.” (p. 135)

The words “bunhead” occur two times in May edition. First is on “Letter from Editor” column which title is “gotta dance”. It written by the editor in chief Teen Vogue Amy Astley. In the column, Amy Astley tells about her obsessed in ballet when she was child and up untill now. She is very excited when there is a new series on Teen Vogue Youtube channel called “strictly ballet”. Amy Astley informed that she becomes impressed on students from School of American Ballet that demonstrates what it truly takes for artists to pursue their dreams in the city. Finally, she gave compliment that “the charm and charisma of the kids should appeal to more people than just the bunheads out there”. Second is on “rhythm nation” column tells about students from School of American Ballet (SAB) which very enjoying their life learning all about ballet. The word “bun” based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary has meaning “long hair that has been twisted into a round shape and it is worn on top or at the back of the head”. From its description, it is style of hair that most of ballerina use it when they are rehearsing or performing their talents. While “head” can have an ambiguous meaning, therefore the writer only chooses one meaning that near to the context. It is “the person in charge of a group of people or an organization”. Based on the context, “bunheads” can be interpreted as “ballerina itself and/ or people that enjoy or impressed by ballet”.

2.1.5 Buzzworthy “Ever wonder what it’s like to have a job at one of fashion’s most buzzworthy stores? Meet 22-year-old Ryan Trautman (at right). She’s a stylist at the ultracool LF Stores, which is known for updating vintage clothes and selling small boutique brands.” (p. 49)

The word “buzzworthy” occurs in February edition. Based on the context, it is strongly suggest that “buzzworthy” comes from “buzz” and “worthy” definition. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th Edition, “buzz” means “a strong feeling of pleasure, excitement or achievement”. While “worthy” means “having the qualities that deserve something or somebody”. In the column, tells about ultracool LF, it is one of the famous stores of fashion. Based on the context, “buzzworthy” can be interpreted as “something that deserve of achievement from the thing that they do”. When it comes to the interpretations, the writer strongly suggests that the meaning of “deserve of achievement” not only comes from “buzz” and “worthy” definition. There is also word “known” in the sentences, which means “known about, especially by a lot of people”. It strongly believe, when something deserve an achievement it should be known by a lot of people. If it is not, it will bring a confusion whether it is worthy or not and in which occasion it deserve an achievement.

2.1.6 Buzzy “Buzzy British shoe designer Sophia Webster’s capsule collection for J. Crew debuts this month. Buckle up”(p. 100)

The word “buzzy” appeared in teen vogue May edition which inform about Jane Keltner De Valle. She is Teen Vogue’s senior fashion news director. Based on the context, Jane is fond of the shoe collection whose design by Sophia Webster. The word buzzy comes from “buzz” and “-y”. The word “buzz” has many descriptions from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition, below is the meaning of “buzz” as a verb: 1) “to make a continuous low sound” (bees buzzed lazily among the flowers) 2) “to make a sound like a beebuzzing” (the doorbell buzzed loudly) 30

3) “to be full of excitement, activity, etc” (my head was still buzzing after the day events) 4) “to call somebody to come by pressing a buzzer” (the doctor buzzed for the next patient to come in) 5) “to fly very close to somebody or something, especially as a warning or threat” The word “buzz” not only as a verb, it can be as a noun, here the meaning of a “buzz” as a noun from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition: 1) “a continuous sound like the one that a bee, a buzzer or other electronic device makes” (the buzz of bees hunting nectar) 2) “the sound of people talking, especially in excited way” (the buzz of conversation suddenly stopped when she came into the room) 3) “a strong feeling of pleasure, excitement or achievement” (flying gives me a real buzz) 4) “news that people tell each other that may or may not be true” (rumour) The “buzz” in the context close to the “buzz” as a noun. Moreover, the second and third description similar to the meaning of the context. The suffix –y has its own meaning, which is “having the quality of something”. Sophia Webster’s capsule collection is famous for their clothes that every release new clothes is always different and unique. It concludes that, the word “buzzy” based on the context in the magazine means “something that is exciting, interesting in an unique way because they do random, strange things and deserve to have an appreciation and achievement”.

2.1.7 Cool-up “That said, I am always looking for ways to cool-up or de-priss my wardrobe staples and have long turned to tailored button-downs and oversize men’s watches as go-tos.”(p. 72)

The word “cool-up” followed by de-priss and go-tos appear in May edition. This column tells about “Jane’s Story File” which title “Blurred Lines”. Jane Keltner de Valle is Senior Fashion News Director Teen Vogue. The story tells about Jane’s experience in wearing men’s clothes. Jane exchange her wardrobe 31

with Hip-hop artist Dominic Lord who is opposite sex. She enjoyed cross-dressing with Dominic Lord. The meaning of words “cool” and “up” have no connection to the context in the article. After reading the article and analyze each word that follow the words “cool-up”, it can be interpreted “cool-up” means “removing something to change or to make different”. This interpretation compatible with the context, because there is a word “tailored” which means made to fit well or closely in the matter of clothes.

2.1.8 Crazy-catchy “If you’re one of the nearly 12 million people who’ve seen the viral video of a Salt Lake City gay couple getting engaged in a Home Depot, then you’ve heard Betty Who. It unofficially launched Betty’s crazy-catchy song “Somebody Loves You,” ushering the 22-year-old onto the worldwide stage.”(p. 74)

“crazy-catchy” appear on May edition in “Playlist” column and tells about Australian-born singer Betty Who. The column informed about Betty’s life especially in her music experiences. The words “crazy-catchy” come from an adjective “crazy” and “catchy. The word “crazy” based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th Edition at least has five descriptions: 1) “not sensible; stupid” (are you crazy? We could get killed doing that) 2) “very angry” (marie says he went crazy, and smashed the room up) 3) “very enthusiastic or excited about something” (rick is crazy about football) 4) “liking somebody very much; in love with somebody” (I’ve been crazy about him since the first time I saw him) 5) “mentally ill; insane” (she’s crazy-she ought to be locked up) The third description of “crazy” seems close to the context of article. The meaning for the word “catchy” means “pleasing and easily remembered that can be found on music or the words of an advertisement” (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th Edition). However, after those words combined the interpretations 32

become “very excited and pleased to hear”, it also strengthen by the next sentences “ushering the 22-year-old onto the worldwide stage”. There are words “worldwide stage” and it can be interpreted that she will officially known by many people in the world because of her song.

2.1.9 Dark-leather “The sincere star has risen to such great heights by living life in his own key, even if it means being misunderstood. Perhaps it’s his dark-leather look, side-swept Mick Jagger shag, or (charmingly) thick accent—but one thing has not been lost in translation: Jake is smiling on the inside, and he has every reason to be.” May edition (p. 129)

Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition, “dark” at least has nine kinds of different definitions. However, after read on the context in magazine, “dark” close to the meaning as “mysterious; hidden and not known about”. While “leather” is “material made by removing the hair or fur from animal skins and preserving the skins using special processes”. After combined the definitions with context in magazine, it can be interpreted “dark-leather” as “appearances or aura which looking mysterious and yet hidden and not known about”. There is an evidence why “appearances” and “looking” have been choosing as parts of its interpretation. “leather” it is non-abstract thing that can be seen by normal eyes. It connects with definition of “appearance” as “the way that somebody or something looks on the outside; what somebody or something seems to be” (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition).

2.1.10 Decked-out

Figure 2 The words “decked-out” appear in denim jacket advertisement. “decked” is past participle from root word “deck” and it means “the top outside floor of a ship or boat” (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th Edition). While “out” at least has twenty-eight definition from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition, and it can be an ambiguous meaning. From each definition, whether from “deck” or “out” definition, it has no connection to the context in magazine. It can be interpreted based on the context, the words “decked-out” means “wearing very nice clothes, or the certain fashions and is matching perfectly”. Moreover, “wearing” and “clothes” appear because it informs and advertise about denim jacket and it is one of the kinds of clothes. This description strengthen by the words that accompanied, “channel your inner rock star”. The word “channel” 34

means “to direct something to a particular thing or purpose” (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th Edition). It is connecting between character and outfits that suitable among each other. Therefore, from the column above, being a rock star, they should wear denim jacket clothes that suitable.

2.1.11 Dreamscape “A painter, illustrator, designer, and photographer, Alia combines surreal elements with motifs like stars, dots, and rainbows to create bold, bright works plucked straight from a dreamscape.”(p. 40)

The words “dreamscape” appear on February edition in column “People Watching” and tells about Alia Penner, A painter, illustrator, designer, and photographer. “dreamscape” comes from root word “dream” and combining from “-scape”. “dream” can have at least three meaning based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th Edition, such as; 1) Dream is a series of images, events and feelings that happen in your mind while you are asleep, 2) Dream is a wish to have or be something, especially one that seems difficult to achieve, 3) Dream is a state of mind or situation in which things do not seem real or part of normal life. It seems that the third description of “dream” above near to the context in the article. And the combining form “-scape” in nouns is “a view or scene of” (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th Edition). Based on the context, it seems Alia Penner works is very imaginary. It refers to the sentences “Alia Penner resides in California, but her mind is in Oz” it can be interpreted that even she lives in California “a real place”, but her mind that led her to its current job it is on “an abstract place” like Oz. Therefore, definition of “dreamscape” is a “landscape or scene with the strangeness or mystery characteristic of dreams”.

2.1.12 Ethereally “A lot of people think we are pretending and don’t believe we’re friends, but we’ve known Georgia since she came out of the belly,” Theodora says. Alexandra, who DJs, adds, “I still see her as a little girl, but she’s sort of growing up.” Theodora concurs. “She’s a woman!” she says just as bombshell Georgia playfully flutters onto the set as if on cue, ethereally spinning in circles.” (p. 82)

The words “ethereally” occur in May edition in the column of “People Watching”. The first article of “People Watching” tells about Georgia May Jagger, Alexandra Richards and Theodora Richards. They are revealing about their photo shoot together. In the article mostly tells about their intimacy in relationship. From the sentences, it seems that they have known each other for a long time. Georgia seems the youngest amongst them since Alexandra and Theodora consider her as a little girl. The words “ethereally” comes from base word “ethereal” and suffix “-ly”. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition, “ethereal” means “extremely delicate and light; seeming to belong to another, more spiritual”. While suffix “-ly” in adjective that “having the qualities of”. Therefore, it concludes that “ethereally” means “having no compulsion to do something”. It strengthen by the sentences before “ethereally”. While Theodora says Georgia is a woman, then immediately Georgia shows her childish side. Woman means an adult female who do not childish thing. Here, Georgia shows the opposite after Theodora gives a compliment that “she’s a woman”, suddenly Georgia is spinning in circles like children’s play. Children generally in their act, never thinking the risk of their act, and do something on their interest. So, the interpretation of “ethereally” is having no compulsion to do something has occurred.

2.1.13 E-cigarette 1) “Audrey had been a smoker for four-and-a-half years before she decided to try an e-cigarette.” 2) “According to a recent survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of high school students who tried e-cigarettes more than doubled between 2011 and 2012.” 3) “e-cigarette makers are spending millions of dollars on advertising,” says Danny McGoldrick, vice president for research at the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids.” 4) “At press time there were no legal age limits to buy e-cigarettes in many states, and no federal advertising restrictions—meaning that unlike with real cigarettes, which aren’t allowed to intentionally appeal to young people, makers of the new kind can try to get you interested however they want.” 5) “There’s no question that puff for puff, an e-cigarette is delivering less bad stuff than a cigarette, since it doesn’t contain tar or carbon monoxide,”

All of the sentences above are the examples of “e-cigarette” that appears in one article in Teen Vogue Magazine. The Internet and computers in particular have spawned a large and specialized jargon. For example, the prefix “e-” is particularly productive in generating new terms such as e-mail, e-commerce, e-solution, e-newsletter, e- book, e-publishing, e-politics and e-government, to name just a very few. “e-“ can be added to almost any term to create a reference to the online computer world. The prefix “e-“ is also unique in that it is only a single letter. “e-” is obviously a clipping of “electronic”. The words “e-cigarette” occur in the article which title is “electric youth” in the page 152 March edition. The article mainly tells about the used of “e- cigarette” by teenagers which rises recently in the United States. “e-cigarette” are actually vaporizers; instead of burning tobacco, the mechanism heats up a liquid. The liquid turns into vapor, which then inhaled, or "vaped". That is the mechanism of “e-cigarette”. 37

Therefore, “e-cigarette” refer to the electronic cigarette that is an evolvement from traditional cigarette that do not produce smokes, however they produce gas. The shape of e-cigarette is also different. Generally, traditional cigarette covered with paper, but looking at the e-cigarette is just like there is small iron on the outside to covered tobacco inside. The word “e-cigarette” is included as proper neologism since it is a new term that denotes a new meaning.

e-cigarette

Figure 3

2.1.14 Feteworthy

Figure 4 The words “feteworthy” appear in the column “teenvogue.com” in March edition. The purpose of this column is to persuading the readers to visit Teen Vogue blog, and Instagram as well as offering something to buy for readers such as dresses. On teen vogue blog, as seen in the column above, readers can buy prom dresses from teen vogue blog. While the others are introducing readers to visit instagram and get advice from teen vogue magazine to any occasion. The words “feteworthy” in the column relate to clothes. In this case, “feteworthy” derived from the words “fete” and “worthy”. The meaning of “fete” is “to welcome, praise or entertain somebody publicly” while “worthy” means “to deserve or suitable”. From this, “feteworthy” can be interpreted as “suitable to entertain and showing public”.

2.1.15 Glammed-up

Figure 5 This column called “Fashion & Features” and presents models with the latest fashion. In this column is on the March edition with the model that represents one kind of fashion, in here is sportswear. It is also presenting the clothes that they can bought from recommendation of Teen Vogue. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition “glammed” actually does not exist. However, it strongly suggests that “glammed” comes from the word origin “glamour”. Based on OALD 8th edition, “glamour” has two definition; “the attractive and exciting quality that makes a person, a job or a place seem special, often because of wealth or status and/or physical beauty that also suggests wealth or success”. Therefore, it can be interpreted “glammed-up” means “made more attractive by using make-up and/or unique fashion of clothing and something 40

appealing to the senses; something beautiful and special”. Because fashion it is something that by the time always changing to get more interested by people.

2.1.16 Glamorama

Figure 6 “glamorama” appears in the column called “Party People” which consists about dresses or fashion that suitable to Prom Night. This April edition of Teen Vogue, mainly tells about Prom. Obviously, the words “glamorama” refer to a kind of prom style. There are also exist other styles of prom on magazine, like gothic revival, groovy, retro remix, suit & tie, wallflowers, flashback friday: ‘80s edition, and the mod squad. Based on the context, “glamorama” is from glamorous and dramatic. As seen in the picture of column above, the models are in glamorous clothes that looks expensive. While dramatic taken from the cosmetics or make-up that they used. It seems, both of models are using unusual 41

eye make-up that catch every attention to people who sees it. The word “glamorous” is “especially attractive and exciting, and different from ordinary things or people” while “dramatic” has four descriptions (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition); 1) “sudden, very great and often surprising” 2) “exciting and impressive” 3) “connected with the theatre or plays” 4) “exaggerated in order to create a special effect and attract people’s attention” It seems, the fourth description connected with the context in magazine. Because, the make-up that the models used seems exaggerated in order to catch every attention. Therefore, it can be interpreted “glamorama” is “an impressive prom style with special effect and looks exaggerated to attract people’s attention”. Shortly, it is a kind of prom style that mixed up between glamorous and dramatic.

2.1.17 Gothabilly “These days, we’re saying goodbye to one-dimensional pop tarts and making way for another type of female vocalist. “I like to create different genres for each of my albums,” says up-and-comer Chantal Claret. “I refer to my new record as ‘gothabilly,’ and my last record was ‘punk-rock soul.’”(p. 86)

The words “gothabilly” appear in the column of “People Watching” in May edition. The story about indie spirit and mainly tells about music. “gothabilly” obviously refer to a kind of music, because in the column mostly tells about music. It strongly suggests, “gothabilly” comes from “gothic” and “rockabilly”. Gothic has four descriptions based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition; 1) Connected with the Goths (= a Germanic people who fought against the Roman empire) 2) (architecture) built in the style that was popular in western Europe from 12th to the 16th centuries, and which has pointed arches and windows and tall thin pillars 42

3) (of a novel, etc) written in the style popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, which described romantic adventures in mysterious or frightening surroundings 4) (of type and printing) having pointed letters with thick lines and sharp angles. German books used to be printed in this style. The third description seems to be the one that compatible with the context in the column. While “rockabilly” based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is “a type of American music that combines rock and roll and country music”. The origin of “rockabilly” is from 1950s and it is a blend of rock and roll and hillbilly. “rock and roll” is type of music popular in the 1950s with a strong beat and simple tunes, and “country music” is a type of music in the style of the traditional music of the southern and western US. While “hillbilly” is a person who lives in the mountains and is thought to be stupid by people who live in the towns (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition). Therefore, based on context “gothabilly” means “kind of music that combine between gothic style (romantic and simple tunes), rock and roll and country music”.

2.1.18 Harasser “Citron tells the story of a student who recently came to her for help after a classmate received an alarming e-mail out of the blue. “It said, ‘I have your naked photos and I’m going to send them to your father unless you send me more,’” Citron says. “Then the person used the images to create a fake

Facebook profile in her name.” The girl had no idea how the harasser had gotten the photos off her computer—and no idea how to stop him from posting them wherever he pleased.” (p. 102)

The words “harasser” occur February edition in a column “Fashion & Features”. The article mainly tells about the effect of doing “sexting”. The word “harasser” derived from “harass” and suffix “–er”. ‘harass’ based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means; 1) “to annoy or worry somebody by putting pressure on them or saying or doing unpleasant things to them” (he has complained of being harassed by the police) 43

2) “to make repeated attacks on an enemy” (greenpeace has been harassing whaling operations at sea) Suffix “–er” means “a person concerned with”. Teen Vogue has reported about the victim from certain incident, in here “sexting”. In this case, article mainly tells about the hackers that steal private photos from girls’ phones and computers. Moreover, those private photos can be accessing on social networking sites. It does not matter if those photos are proper to see, however many of those photos inappropriate to see. On the article, reported one girl who feels aware and fear because of her private photos has stolen and it appears on social media. Then, she becomes an issue on her school and she bullied by her friends after that incident. The writer pointed out the person who posted that girl private photos in the internet as “harasser”. Therefore, the words “harasser” means “someone who gives pressure by saying or doing unpleasant things to other”. While the other example like gamers, refer to someone who plays game.

2.1.19 Hashtag 1) “And with the Instagram hashtag #blondingbabes, she even convinced Teen Vogue beauty and health director Elaine Welteroth to go lighter, which inspired this month’s “Blonde 3.0” story.” February edition (p. 27) 2) “Think before you tweet, and three hashtags max, people!” February edition (p. 42)

“hashtag” comes from base word “hash” and “tag”. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition, “hash” refer to “hash sign” which is the symbol (#), especially one on a telephone, while “tag” has seven descriptions; 1) “a small piece of paper, cloth, plastic, etc. attached to something to identify it or give information about it” 2) “a name or phrase that is used to describe a person or thing in some way” 3) “a word or phrase that is added to a sentence for emphasis” 44

4) “a set of letters or symbol that are put before and after a piece of text or data in order to identify it or show that it is to be treated in a particular way” 5) “a short quotation or saying in a foreign language” 6) “a children’s game in which one child chases the others and tries to touch one of them” 7) “a symbol or name used by a graffiti writer and painted in a public place”

It can be concludes from those descriptions, there is similar definition which is an information that attached on something in a particular to have an attention. Many people are familiar with the notion of hashtag, it becomes common these days, and social media twitter as the inventor of this word. Therefore, the words “hashtag” means “word or phrase preceded by a hash sign (#), used on social media sites such as Twitter to identify messages on a specific topic”. Hashtags provide Twitter users with a way to search for information on specific topics and events. It connects with definitions of “hash” and “tag”.

2.1.20 Head-down “Between co-writing with the likes of Taylor Swift and Sara Bareilles, promoting the LGBTQ nonprofit The Ally Coalition (which he cofounded), and starring in fashion films for his sister, designer Rachel Antonoff, he found time to write an album while on tour with Fun. “It started to feel like something that needed to exist,” he explains, “so I put my head down and kept working on it.” One listen to the first single, “I Wanna Get Better,” and you know the forthcoming record will be jam-packed with summer’s biggest anthems.” (p. 84)

The words “head-down” occur in May edition in the column of “People Watching” and the story about Jack Antonoff, a musician. Jack Antonoff tells about his life especially on his music. However, after the meaning of “head” and “down” combined, it has no correlation with the context. It strongly suggests, based on context “head-down” means “take it seriously yet patiently and always sensible and practical”. And it strengthen by his next statement “There 45

are a lot of things in the album that would take someone else 10 minutes to do and took me 10 hours,” it seems that he put everything in his music and do the best as a musician

2.1.21 Hyperaware “Growing up with a disabled brother has made me hyperaware of the difficulties and prejudices people face in life and has made me a more patient person. He inspires me so much because he finds pleasure and enjoyment in everything he does, even the little mundane things.”(p. 92)

The words “hyperaware” comes from base word “hyper” and “aware”. It appears in February edition in the column of “Fashion & Features”. The title of the column is “East Enders” which reported about Suki Waterhouse and Max Cocking who have been modelling for Teen Vogue photoshoot. Both of them shared about theirs life. Especially for Max Cocking he gave a statement include words “hyperaware” as seen above. The writer think that if we have disabled person in our lives, especially in our family, we will become careful and patient when we look after them. Based on context, Max become careful and patient because of his disabled brother. The word “hyper” means “more than normal; too much (over or above) and “aware” is like being conscious or having knowledge of something. After combined the meaning of “hyper” and “aware” with context in magazine “hyperaware” means “being extremely too much focused or conscious”.

2.1.22 Hypertalented “But through the “how does he do that?” haze, it’s still easy to see what a performing powerhouse Habby is, a fact that didn’t go unnoticed by Madonna, the matron saint of hypertalented backup dancers.” (p. 136)

This “hypertalented” similar with “hyperaware”. The words “hypertalented” occur on May edition in the column of “rhythm nation” and it is informing about dance. “hyper” means “more than normal; too much” and “talented” means “having a natural ability to do something well” (Oxford 46

Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition). Therefore, after those two meanings combined and it becomes “hypertalented”, it can be interpreted “having too much natural abilities to do something well”.

2.1.23 Jazzed-up “go for a dress that’s a jazzed-up version of your own style”(p. 70)

The words “jazzed-up” occur in April 2014 edition in the column of “People Watching”. In the article tells about Hannah Henderson, a blogger. Hannah Henderson gave an information about prom dresses, with Hannah Henderson as an informant to give advice for readers for having prom-perfect collections dresses. Hannah Henderson purposes to inspire the readers with her opinion about prom dresses from three designers that she admires. “jazzed” based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition is “same as excited, for example; I was jazzed to meet someone so famous”. While “up” it can be interpreted as “completely” (OALD 8th edition). Therefore, from definition and the context in magazine, it concludes that “jazzed-up” means “having been made more completely exciting, interesting, and lively”.

2.1.24 Lustworthy “All women should get the opportunity to have a Zac Posen moment, to feel beautiful and confident. I am a firm believer in the power a dress can have!” It’s hard for small-town teen blogger Hannah Henderson (stylesbyhannahriles.blogspot.com) not to swoon as she test-drives his “lustworthy” duds.”(p. 68)

The words “lustworthy” occur on the same column with “jazzed-up”. From this perspective, “lustworthy” comes from the words “lust” and “worthy”. From Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition “lust” means; 1) (for somebody) very strong sexual desire, especially when love is not involved (their affair was driven by pure lust) 2) (for something) very strong desire for something or enjoyment of something (she has a real lust for life = she really enjoys life) 47

While “worthy” means “having the qualities that deserve somebody or something”. Therefore, the interpretation for “lustworthy” is “deserving for fun or enjoyment that emotionally attractive”. It comes out from second description of “lust” above. Based on the context, Hannah admires dresses from designer Zac Posen that makes her “swoon”. Based on context “swoon” means to feel very excited, emotional about somebody that her thinks is sexually attractive. So, this connects with interpretation for “lustworthy”.

2.1.25 Manis

Figure 7 The word “manis” appears in March edition in the column of “Beauty & Health”. Based on the context, “manis” refer to the words “manicure”. Obviously, it is clipping from the words “manicure” which means the care and treatment of a 48

person’s hands and nails. So, it has not changed the definition as well as the purpose of clipping not to change the meaning of the origin words.

2.1.26 Nippedwaist “On a recent Saturday, the fashion-forward recording artist Dominic Lord and I decide to swap the clothes off our backs in the name of research. Let me preface by clarifying: I’m not a tomboy. My signature silhouette is a

nippedwaist skirt or dress, and I love a high heel. That said, I am always looking for ways to cool-up or de-priss my wardrobe staples and have long turned to tailored button-downs and oversize men’s watches as go-tos.” (p. 72)

The words “nippedwaist” occur in the column “Jane’s Story File” in May edition. This column focus on all information about Jane Keltner De Valle who is senior fashion news director on Teen Vogue. This edition, tells about Jane’s experience in wearing men’s clothes. Jane exchange her wardrobe with Dominic Lord who is opposite sex. She enjoyed cross-dressing with Dominic Lord. For the words “nipped-waist” Jane gave statement “I’m not a tomboy. My signature silhouette is a nipped-waist skirt or dress, and I love a high heel”. “nipped” is past participle from “nip”, from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition means; 1) “To give somebody/ something a quick painful bite or pinch” (she nipped at my arm) 2) (of cold, wind, etc.) to harm or damage something. (the icy wind nipped at our faces) 3) “to go somewhere quickly and/ or for only a short time” (he’s just nipped out to the bank) From descriptions above, “nipped” seems have no relation in the context on magazine. Therefore, the writer takes the word “nipped” from its word origin which means small measure, because the others meaning of “nipped” from dictionary it does not suitable with the description in magazine. While “waist” means “the area around the middle of the body between the ribs and the hips often narrower than the areas above and below”. In the article mainly tells about clothes 49

or dresses. Therefore, based on context “nipped-waist” can be interpret as “the certain measurements of body shape and/or waist with clothes”.

2.1.27 OOTD

Figure 8 This is acronym from outfit of the day. There is no other meaning from the description. This kind of acronym also rises with progress of technology that assist social media to enhance. Unlike an abbreviation, an acronym is usually pronouncing as a word. It do not pronounce it letter by letter. All acronyms are abbreviations, but not all abbreviations are acronyms. 50

The word “OOTD” occurs in February edition page 20. Which explain about event that held by Teen Vogue magazine through social media Instagram, whereas “OOTD” as one of category that exists. People who use Instagram must be aware of this acronym. This becomes common between Instagram users. It is usually used when users post or share photos of outfit, tagging outfit of the day. Nowadays, people are aware with social media, with relate in technology. There are bunch of social media networking today, such as facebook and twitter that have been added to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition. There is also Instagram that being famous recently. Oxford Advanced Learner’ Dictionary 8th edition has not been added Instagram in their dictionary entry. Instagram was release in 2010, moreover DesMarais (2013) states that the service of Instagram rapidly gained popularity, with over 100 million active users as of April 2012. Instagram is an online mobile photo sharing, video sharing and social networking service that enables its users to take pictures and videos, and share them on variety of social networking such as facebook and twitter.

2.1.28 Selfie 1) “From selfies with Cara Delevingne to snaps of top models with fantastical updos, hairstylist Sam McKnight gives us the ultimate follow fever.” 2) “There’s nothing worse than oily skin making a cameo in your selfie. To cut down on shine for the models backstage during fashion week, makeup goddess (and Instagram maven)” 3) “Hannah was 14 when she took the photos—a series of three selfies shot in front of her bathroom mirror,” 4) “For California native Kayla, there was less of a mystery, not that it softened the blow. When her topless selfie (along with her full name, city, and a screenshot of her Twitter account) was posted on a website called Is Anyone Up?, she barely left her house for months.” 5) “This issue is packed with interactive goodies to bring you deeper into our world: cover girl Ariana Grande’s Teen Vogue Instagram takeover; our new Instawards (please vote!); Instafaves sidebars so you know who 51

we’re following; Twitter chats galore; Insta-specific beauty tips to glam up all those new-year selfies; and so much more” 6) “Sure, she’s got around-the-clock makeup and hair pros on each coast, stylists on every continent, and a record-breaking visual album that’s given girls everywhere unapologetic license to post barefaced selfies on Instagram” 7) “It’s Ella’s honesty that keeps her loyal followers coming back for more: A recent Instagram selfie of her face dotted with acne cream received more than 100,000 Likes.”

Most of the existence of “selfie” are connecting with social media, such as Instagram. Instagram is an online mobile photo sharing, video sharing and social networking service that enables its users to take pictures and videos, and share them on variety of social networking such as facebook and twitter. Nowadays, instagram become famous because many people aware about innovation in technology, especially in networking sites. The function is not only to share their lives, but also to communicate with other people around the world, even they do not know each other. The rises words of “selfie” also make Instagram as the top of networking sites. Most people around the world must be familiar with “selfie”. The words “selfie” derived from “self” and “-ie”. “self” is referring to a person or by yourself” while “-ie” can be interpret as “the action or process”. Moreover, the action or process from definition is taking the photo by him/herself because the rise of “selfie” coincide with Instagram, so this connected. It can be concludes that “selfie” is “a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically one taken with a smartphone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website”.

2.1.29 Sexting 1) “By now, most girls are well aware of the dangers of sexting, which extend far beyond a small-scale scandal. Some states consider it a crime if teens own or distribute these types of photos, and charges have even been filed for simply storing someone’s naked snapshot on a phone.” 2) “As sexting has risen in popularity, the consequences have grown far more serious. According to estimates, hundreds of websites now 52

specialize in the anonymous—and unauthorized—posting of girls’ explicit photos, often accompanied by details about where they live or go to school, along with links to their social media accounts.” 3) “Which is why opting out of sexting altogether might be the easiest way to avoid trouble, at least until the laws get more protective.”

The word “sexting” derived from “sex” and “texting”. While the development of technology arise in every area of our lives, some people use it in negative way. Based on context “sexting” means “sending of sexually explicit photographs or messages via mobile phone”. This is become common issue in the article of Teen Vogue in February edition called “Creep Show”. The article written by Alyssa Giacobbe and informs about how sexting only give bad experience in someone lives. There are many victim in USA, however in the focused on one girl with initial name “Hannah”. She was 14 when she took photos without clothes in her bathroom, then she send those photos to her boyfriend. The culprit or hacker found those photos by hijacking mobile phone then posted those photos on social media. Moreover, those photos not only appear on social networking sites but also on pedophiles sites. The victim had been bullying by her friends as well as by her society. Obviously, she feels insecure to go out. “sexting” included as proper neologism since it is a new term that denotes a new meaning. Actually, “sexting” is common use in the United States, especially to young people. Most of them use it for amusement. However, after the accident that reported by Teen Vogue, most of teenagers feel aware about “sexting”. Many people feel aware about this case because the use of technology today is reliable. With technology is making life easier and everybody can use it in every area of their life. So, everybody can access anything in anywhere and anytime.

2.1.30 Side-swept “The sincere star has risen to such great heights by living life in his own key, even if it means being misunderstood. Perhaps it’s his dark-leather look, side-swept Mick Jagger shag, or (charmingly) thick accent—but one thing has not been lost in translation: Jake is smiling on the inside, and he has every reason to be.” May edition (p. 129)

“side-swept” derived from “side” and “swept”. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition, the writer concludes that there are three definitions of “side” that relates to the context; 1) “a place or position very near to somebody or something” 2) “one of the opinions, attitudes or positions held by somebody in an argument, a business arrangements, etc” 3) “a particular aspect of something, especially a situation or a person’s character” While “swept” is a past tense from “sweep” and has four definitions that relates to the context; 1) “to move or push somebody or something suddenly and with a lot of force” 2) “ move quickly and/ or smoothly, especially in a way that impresses or is intended to impress other people” 3) “to suddenly affect somebody strongly” 4) “to spread quickly” Therefore, based on those definitions above, after combined with the context, it can be interpret that “side-swept” means “arranged or similar to one side of person”.

2.1.31 Skeezy

Figure 9 “skeezy” appears after the article about “sexting” in February edition. Based on context, “skeezy” means inappropriate to see because it looks vulgar and shabby. Therefore, the writer suggests that “skeezy” comes from “scuzzy” because they have similar pronunciations. Moreover, the meaning of “scuzzy” is “dirty and unpleasant”, and those meaning are similar with the interpretations of “skeezy”. From the column above, “skeezy sites” means website that contain things like pornography or something that similar.

2.1.32 Sneakerhead “Styling Miley Cyrus in the ‘23’ video last year was a pretty epic moment for me. I designed pieces out of Michael Jordan’s jerseys. I was a total sneakerhead as a teen, so styling a video about ‘J’s on my feet’ was a blast.”(p. 68)

The words “sneakerhead” occur in May edition in the column of “Fashion at Work”. In the article tells about Haley Wollens who is a stylist and art director. It informs mainly about her works. She is very excited when she designed Michael Jordan’s jersey for Miley Cyrus music video, because when she was a teen she is very fond of Michael Jordan. Based on context, “sneakerhead” means “fans of a sneaker or someone who often wears sneaker”. It could be Haley Wollens is fond of basketball and Michael Jordan fans. So, perhaps she often wear sneaker. “sneakerhead” derived from the words “sneaker” and “head”. “sneaker” means “type of light comfortable shoe that is suitable for playing sports” (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition). While the word “head” literally is “part of our upper body and contain our brain and mind”. If “head” is interpreting with the context, the meaning also changed. It can be interpreted that “head” is the part of a person that makes them able to aware of things, to think and to feel.

2.1.33 Soft-lit

Figure 10 This advertisement relate to eye shadow product of Maybelline. “soft-lit” comes from “soft” and “lit”. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition, there is one definition that relates to the context, which is “soft” as “smooth and pleasant to touch” and “lit” is a past tense from “light” which means “the energy from the sun, a lamp, etc. that makes it possible to see things”. Based on context, “soft-lit” means “having smooth and pleasant light”.

2.1.34 Streetsavvy “Or when street-savvy menswear brands like Hood by Air, Public School, and KTZ are designing them especially for boys (think razor-straight cuts and waistbands that sit low on the hips).”(p. 73)

The words “street-savvy” occur in May edition in the column of “Jane’s Story File”. The story tells about Jane’s experience in wearing men’s clothes. Jane exchange her wardrobe with Dominic Lord who is opposite sex. She enjoyed cross-dressing with Dominic Lord. The words derived from word “street” and “savvy”. “street” can has a definition as “the ideas and opinions of ordinary people, especially people who live in cities, which are considered important” and “savvy” is “practical knowledge or understanding of something” (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition). Therefore, based on context, “street-savvy” means “something that has a lot of common sense and know what is happening in one particular thing”. The writer chooses this description because Air, Public School and KTZ are famous for their clothes product.

2.1.35 Sun-smart

Figure 11 As seen in column above, this column include an advertisement of skin product that represent Hayden Panettiere as spokesperson in April edition page 95. Based on context, hayden is well-known to have a good tanning skin. The words “tanning” come out because it relates to sun. As well as description of “tanning” which means they become brown as a result of spending time in the sun (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition). Therefore, “sun-smart” can be interpret “to have an attractive tanning skin”. The words “attractive” comes out from the words “smart”. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition “smart” can be means “looking new or attractive”.

2.1.36 Sun-soaked “I feel like I’m on a mini vacation! Lea Michele exclaimed when she arrived on the set of her second Teen Vogue cover shoot. The star was in happy spirits at our sun-soaked ranch, located near Santa Clarita, California, and loved the introspective and dreamy photo session with photographer Giampaolo Sgura”(p. 58)

The words “sun-soaked” occur in the “Cover Look” column on March edition. This edition of “Cover Look” tells about Lea Michele. From the magazine, Lea Michele is very excited when she was casted as the cover for Teen Vogue together with Jonathan Groff, her best friends. “sun” is “the star that shines in the sky during the day and gives the earth heat and light” while “soaked” means “very wet” (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition). Moreover, it tells about place that took the photo shoot for the stars. Therefore, the description for “sun- soaked” is “a wet place typical to tropical land with sun-drenched”.

2.1.37 Triple-threat 1) “Talk about a triple threat! Model and illustrator Langley Fox has teamed up with Tine Peduzzi and Luisa Orsini, the French/Italian design duo behind leather goods brand TL-180, to create your latest must-have bag. Fox, the24-year-old great-granddaughter of author Ernest Hemingway and sister of model Dree, says the purses—with their whimsical depictions of sea creatures and ladylike red, white, and blue hues—are a perfect mix of the trio’s aesthetics. Your summer bag game just got a major upgrade.” (p. 96) 2) “Impressed with Becky’s triple-threat talent (rapping, singing, and songwriting), he signed her on the spot. “The ink dried right after I turned 15, and I’ve been working on my debut album ever since,” Becky says.” (p. 103)

In the second sentences above, “triple-threat” is for singer who can rapping, singing, and songwriting. The words occur in the article tells about Betty G, the talented musician. The article written by Avery Spofford in the page 103 May 60

2014 edition. The descriptions of “triple-threat” even pointed in the article. While in the first sentences, same edition tells about Langley Fox who can do model, illustrator and designing. In the article, Langley Fox has been designed leather bag for brand TL-180 with Tine Peduzzi and Luisa Orsini. Based on context, it can be interpreted “triple-threat” refer to “someone whether he/she an artist or not can do three things of talents”.

2.1.38 Updo

Figure 12 61

Figure 13 The first column called “Beauty & Health” presents product that attract to the beautifulness and health. The second column called “Big Love” which presents the hair look that different to each page. Those two column are appearing on the March edition. “updo” occurs in the first sentences “from selfies with Cara Delevingne to snaps of top models with fantastical updos, hairstylist Sam McKnight gives us the ultimate follow fever.” Based on the context, “updo” has relate to hairstyle, because it strengthen by the existence of “hairstylist Sam McKnight” on the sentences. It strengthen by the next column which shows the hair look of the model. Therefore, description for “updo” is “arrangement of hairstyle for certain event”.

2.1.39 Vaping 1) “Like many users, Audrey believes she’s healthier since she traded traditional cigarettes for vaping.” 2) “Vaping appears less damaging than smoking because users don’t inhale carbon monoxide or tar.” 3) “But if you’re vaping as a “safe” alternative to smoking, be warned that the nicotine dose you’re receiving is serious stuff—and very addictive.” 4) “Not only that, but vaping can pose dangers even beyond smoking the old-fashioned way: Just one cartridge has the nicotine equivalent of several traditional cigarettes.”

The word “vaping” which mostly appears in March edition, refers to the used of e-cigarettes, moreover it is “the way to used or sipping e-cigarette”. “e- cigarettes” become quite famous in the United States of America especially for teenagers. According to a recent survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of high school students who tried e-cigarettes more than doubled between 2011 and 2012. In the article, Teen Vogue interviewed one girl about e-cigarette. Based on the context, the word “vaping” derived from the base word ‘vaporize’ and ‘smoking’. The word “vaporize” means “to turn into gas or to make something turn into gas” (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition). It is similar with the function of e-cigarettes, which one is does not produce smoke like traditional cigarettes but produce gas.

2.1.40 Vlogger “Bethany Mota is having a major moment. At just 18 years old, the vlogger has achieved superstar status as YouTube’s Macbarbie07, sharing two or more videos daily with her loyal fan following of 4 million plus”(p. 92)

The word “vlogger” appears in column “People Watching” in March edition. In the column, mainly tells about Bethany Mota. It strongly suggests “vlogger” comes from “video” and “blogger” then combined to become “vlogger”. Based on the context, Bethany Mota become famous when she posted videos on Youtube. Moreover, “Youtube” is a website where people can watch 63

and share short videos. From Video blogger is a form of blog for which the medium is video, and is a form of web television. Moreover, the vlogger category is popular on Youtube, as well as the followers of Bethany Mota on her Youtube Channel reach four million followers.