Winter Canola Selecting Consistent and Resilient Varieties

Mike Stamm Kansas State University Department of Agronomy

Life on the Great Plains

Keys to Choosing a Resilient and Consistent Variety

• Consider varieties that have been tested in state, regional, or national variety trials for more than one year • Select more than one variety per season • A variety will only show maximum performance when managed appropriately • Choose varieties that will return the greatest benefit to your farm • If winter hardiness is a concern: – Plant the majority of your acres to a hardy variety – Select a “variety of interest” for the remainder – Look for varieties with winter survival scores of >60% or a 6 out of 10 rating in your area Planted September 22, 2014

Photo taken November 25, 2014

Over 8” stem elongation

Flower buds present = bolting! Traits to Consider

1. Hybrid or open-pollinated 2. RR, Clearfield, SU carryover tolerant (SURT) or conventional 3. Yield potential 4. Winter survival 5. Oil content 6. Blackleg resistance 7. Maturity rating – OP scale • E = Early: Prior to peak wheat harvest • M = Medium: Approaching peak wheat harvest • F = Full: Past peak wheat harvest – Hybrid scale • Early maturing hybrid would fall about the peak of wheat harvest Variety Source Information • National Winter Canola Variety Trials – http://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/services/crop-performance-tests/canola-and- cotton.html • OSU Variety Performance Trials – http://canola.okstate.edu/ • University of Idaho Variety Performance Trials – http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/brassica/index.asp • Washington Oilseed Cropping Systems – http://css.wsu.edu/oilseeds/ • Plant Disease Management Reports – https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/ • Company websites – https://www.croplan.com/Crops/Canola – http://www.rubiscoseeds.com/ Southern Great Plains Variety Development • Variety development at K-State since 1993 • 9 varieties have been released since 2010 with 7 licensing partners • Winter survival has been a major contribution of the program and one of our top priorities • Development of conventional, Roundup Ready, and SURT types • Creating male and female inbred parent lines for hybrid deployment K-State Variety Pipeline

VARIETY LICENSEE RELEASE AVAILABLE TYPE TRAIT* MATURITY COMMENTS Riley Johnston Seed 2010 2012 OP --- M Griffin Spectrum Crop Development 2011 2015 OP DP M PNW available DKW45-25 Monsanto / DEKALB 2013 2015 OP RR/SURT M Star 930W Star Specialty Seed 2013 2018 OP RR ME HyCLASS220W CROPLAN by WinField 2014 2016 OP RR M No longer available HyCLASS225W CROPLAN by WinField 2014 2016 OP RR/SURT M PNW available Torrington Ohlde Seed Farms 2016 2018 OP --- M KS & OK only Surefire Pending 2017 2018 OP SURT L Pending seed increase HyCLASS320W CROPLAN by WinField 2017 2018 OP RR E *TRAIT: DP=dual purpose; RR=Roundup Ready; SURT=Sulfonylurea residue tolerant Other Commercial Winter Canola Varieties Name Supplier Maturity Type Trait HyCLASS115W CROPLAN by WinField ME OP RR/SURT 46W94 DuPont Pioneer M H RR Claremore HPCD / Spectrum Crop Development F OP IMI DKW44-10 Monsanto / DEKALB E OP RR DKW46-15 Monsanto / DEKALB ME OP RR/SURT Hekip MOMONT / Photosyntech M H Quartz MOMONT / Photosyntech M OP Edimax CL Rubisco Seeds ME H Clearfield Hornet Rubisco Seeds M H Inspiration Rubisco Seeds M H Mercedes Rubisco Seeds M H Popular Rubisco Seeds ME H Star 915W Star Specialty Seed M OP RR/SURT Amanda University of Idaho M OP Maturity: E = Early, ME = Medium-Early, M = Medium, MF = Medium-Full, F= Full Trait: RR = Roundup Ready®, SURT = Sulfonylurea Residual Tolerant; IMI = imidazolinone residual tolerant Winter Survival

• Genetics x Environment x Management • All about acclimation to cold temperatures • Survival is best when the cold air arrives after an extended acclimation period Factors affecting survival • Variety – Adapted vs. un-adapted – Freeze tolerance – Acclimation ability • Traits – Fall growth characteristics • Prostrate vs. upright growth habit – Avoids fall stem elongation – Semi-dwarfing gene – future? Lamont, OK March. 27, 2014

Adapted Not adapted

Acclimation Temperatures

80 Manhattan, KS

70

60

50

40

30

20 Temperature (F) 10

0

-10

-20 10/1 10/8 10/15 10/22 10/29 11/5 11/12 11/19 11/26 12/3 12/10 12/17 12/24 12/31 1/7 1/14 1/21 1/28 2/4 2/11 2/18

2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 Average December 7, 2015

Manhattan, KS - NWCVT

December 4, 2014 Planted: September 4, 2014 Picture: October 10, 2014 Conventional KSU Semi-dwarf Hybrid Experimental Hybrid Variety Source 2017 2015 2014 HyCLASS115W CROPLAN by WinField 7.3 1.7 6.6 HyCLASS220W CROPLAN by WinField (KSU) 7.8 ------PNW Winter Survival Scores . Scores based on a 1 to 9 HyCLASS225W CROPLAN by WinField (KSU) 6.5 ------scale, with 1 = no survival KSR07363 (Star 930W) Star Specialty Seed (KSU) 8.0 2.0 5.6 and 9 = 100% survival KSUR1211 (Surefire) K-State 8.0 ------. 2017 – Lacrosse, WA Griffin Spectrum Crop Dev. (KSU) --- 2.9 7.1 . 2015 – Mean of four sites Torrington Ohlde Seed Farms (KSU) 7.0 ------. 2014 – Mean score of LaCrosse and Reardon, WA Arsenal Lima Grain 3.3 ------Atenzo Lima Grain 3.0 ------. Data provided by the DKW45-25 Monsanto / DEKALB (KSU) --- 2.3 7.1 University of Idaho DKW46-15 Monsanto / DEKALB --- 3.2 --- Brassica Breeding Program Edimax CL Rubisco Seeds 5.5 1.5 5.4 Mercedes Rubisco Seeds 6.3 1.5 7.1 Plurax CL Rubisco Seeds 6.0 ------Star 915W Star Specialty Seeds 7.3 2.1 --- Amanda University of Idaho 6.0 1.3 6.8 Athena University of Idaho 6.8 1.4 4.8 Durola Rapeseed University of Idaho 6.3 1.9 4.4 LSD (0.05) 1.7 0.4 1.4 April 6, 2017 – Kiowa, KS

HyCLASS225W HyCLASS320W WSU On-Farm Trials

Yield results of 2016-17 Winter Canola Variety Trials Variety Odessa Ralston St. John ------lbs/acre ------Amanda 2,424 a 3,193 a 3,370 ab Claremore 2,249 a 2,654 b 3,125 ab Edimax 2,337 a 3,468 a 3,519 a Griffin 2,390 a 3,188 a 2,887 b HyClass 225 2,333 a 3,202 a 3,121 ab Largo 2,380 a 1,840 c 2,258 c Mean 2,352 2,971 3,046 Tukey HSD(0.05) ns 425 486 CV(%) 9.7 6.0 6.9 Means which share a letter do not differ significantly. ns=not significant

Data courtesy of WSU Oilseed Cropping Systems 2017 Pacific Northwest Winter Canola and Rapeseed Variety Trial Name Source LaCrosse, WA Pendleton, OR Hermiston, OR HyCLASS115W CROPLAN 3947 2243 1673 HyCLASS225W CROPLAN / K-State 3858 2260 2278 Amanda U of Idaho 3692 3046 2157 Surefire Kansas State University 3709 2519 2545 Edimax CL Rubisco Seeds 3910 2929 2683 Mercedes Rubisco Seeds 3803 3341 2728 Star 915W Star Specialty Seed 3631 2344 1752 Star 930W Star Specialty Seed / KSU 3789 2689 2084 2016 Pacific Northwest Winter Canola and Rapeseed Variety Trial Odessa Hermiston Pendleton Name Source WA OR OR Edimax CL Rubisco Seeds 5,186 2,655 2,798 Mercedes Rubisco Seeds 5,535 3,062 2,863 Star 915W Star Specialty Seed 4,610 2,319 2,492 Star 930W Star Specialty Seed / KSU 4,469 2,292 1,965 HyCLASS115W CROPLAN by WinField 4,281 1,903 1,930 HyCLASS125W CROPLAN by WinField 4,714 1,994 1,660 Amanda University of Idaho 4,956 2,603 1,347 Mean 4,565 2,167 2,127 LSD (p = 0.05) 1,018 763 627 C.V. 16.1 24.6 20.8 New Traits for Winter Canola

• Prostrate growth habit • High oil content • Durable and major gene (Rlm 7) blackleg resistance • Group 2 carryover & post application • Pod shatter tolerance • Semi-dwarfing gene • Clearfield • TruFlex® Roundup Ready® Canola • High oleic, low linolenic varieties Pod Shatter Yield Trials

Summary of pod shatter tolerant hybrids and conventional hybrid checks, 2016. Pond Creek, OK Hutchinson, KS Manhattan, KS Survival Yield Survival Yield Survival Yield Cultivar Type (%) (bu/a) (%) (bu/a) (%) (bu/a) Pod Shatter Tolerant Hybrids 89.0 43.4 80.5 65.9 96.9 47.3 Conventional Hybrid Checks 97.7 42.8 91.8 65.4 99.0 49.5

• K-State has been conducting pod shatter tolerant yield trials in cooperation with private industry since the 2013/14 season • Conditions that induce shattering have yet to be observed Blackleg Resistance

Seedling Resistance Field (Multigene) Resistance

Variety Av1,6,7 Av6,7 Variety Infection (%) Severity (1-5) HyCLASS115W S S Riley 36 1.8 HyCLASS225W S R/S Amanda 35 1.8 Mercedes S S Claremore 39 1.9 Safran R R HyCLASS115W 47 2.1 Claremore S S Safran 47 2.1 Griffin S S DKW46-15 50 2.3

DKW46-15 R/S R/S Data courtesy of J. Damicone, Oklahoma State University. Field screening data an average over 2 years from 2010-2015. Star 930W S S Top Picks Open Pollinated Hybrids • Amanda • Mercedes • HyCLASS225W • Edimax CL • Claremore • Griffin • Consider in 2018 – HyCLASS320W – Star 930W – Surefire? Mike Stamm Canola Breeder Department of Agronomy Kansas State University 785-532-3871 [email protected] Follow @ksucanola on Twitter Follow @KStateAgron on Twitter Partially funded by USDA-NIFA Supplemental and Alternative Crops Program award no. 2015-38624-24333. Hutchinson, KS – Hybrid NWCVT 70 LSD 2017 = 6.4 60 50 40 30

Yield (bu/a) 20 10 0 Kuga Hekip Popular Einstein Plurax CL DK Sensei Mercedes Edimax CL Inspiration MH 12AY27MH 12AY36MH 12AY04MH DK Severnyi DK Check Mean DK Imiron CL DK Imistar CL

2017 2016 Average Hutchinson, KS – OP NWCVT

70 LSD 2017 = 8.4 60 50 40 30 20 Yield (bu/acre) 10 0 Riley Quartz KS4675 Wichita Sumner Surefire 15.WC.1 KSR4653S WC.15.7.5 Star 915W Star 930W Torrington DKW44-10 DKW46-15 DKW45-25 WC.9.7.5.7 Check Mean MH 09DJ058MH 15.WC.05633 HyCLASS320W HyCLASS115W HyCLASS225W 2017 2016 Average