65 92 1 36 ( )

affinis Fremuth Echinops aucheri Boiss

2 *1 ([email protected] ) : *1 2 91 24/8/ : 91 11/2/ : Larinus spp. . Asteraceae Echinops aucheri Boiss Larinus affinis Fremuth . 1390 1389 . . . 95 6/ 40 3/ ± 9/4 . 48 6/ ± 7/0 45 9/ ± 8/3 . 3/8 ± 63/0 ± 3/0 . 60 6/ ±10 8/ . 6/7 ± 2/0 7/6 ± 3/0 53 6/ ± 5/0 51 4/ ± 4/0 L. affinis . E. aucheri . E. aucheri Echinops aucheri Larinus affinis : (. 2006 1 ) Echinops Echinops 120 Asteraceae 54 Echinops .( 1373 ) - .( 2006 1991 2 1373 ) Echinops (. 1373 ) . .

1 - Gultekin 2 - Dewey 66 ... :

Larinus .( 2008 ( ) 140 189 .( 1373 ) . 5 Echinops 100 Larinus .( 1967 6 ) 7 affinis Fremuth (. 2000 1 ) 1987 . . 8 ) .( 2004 2 1991 ) .( 2010 L. affinis - Echinops aucheri Boiss . ( ) . L. affinis ( ) E. aucheri 4 1991 3 ) (. 1994 . ) .( 2004 L. affinis .( 2000 ) E. aucheri Larinus spp. . ) .( 2004 1384 Echinops 1384 ) 2004 1387

5 - Palearctic 1 - Rao 6 - Ter-minassian 2 - Coombs et al. 7 - Fremuth 3 - Sindle 8 - Legalove et al. 4 - Sobhian & Fornasari 67 92 1 36 ( )

. ( 2000 ) 1 . L. affinis . E. aucheri . . E. aucheri . E. aucheri . . 10 . 20 . 10 . 4 . . 10 . . ( ) 10 3 . 4 . . 30( X ) . 1390 1389 10 4 . . ( 1999 ) SAS t . 2 SAS t 2 200 L. affinis . ( 1999 ) 1 - Pettit & Briese 68 ... :

. 5/9 ± 5/2 20 1390 11 1/ ± 6/3 1389 20 2 ( ) .( P= 72/0 t= 37/0 df 18= ) 3 . 45 9/ ± 8/3 1389 48 6/ ± 7/0 2 1390 . .( P= 49/0 t= 71/0 df 18= ) . ( ) 1389 49 4/ ± 7/1 20 1390 47 8/ ± 9/3 df 18= ) 2 .( P= 49/0 t= 71/0 . . ) 1( . 2(. ) L. . affinis 3/8 ± 3/0 E. aucheri 1390 6 ± 3/0 1389 . 2 .( P= /0 0001 t= 13/5 df 18= ) . - . 3(. ) 34 1/ ± 5/3 1389 37 7/ ± 1/2 ( ) 1390 . 40 3/ ± 9/4 . 1390 60 6/ ±10 8/ 1389 53 6/ ± 5/0 1389 51 4/ ± 4/0 88/0 df 18= ) 1390 ( P= 39/0 t= t= 35/3 df 18= ) 2 2 ( P= 1/0 t= 71/1 df 18= ) 69 92 1 36 ( )

.( P= /0 0036 . . 1389 7/6 ± 3/0 1390 6/7 ± 2/0 df= 18 ) 2 ) (. P= 02/0 t= 63/2 1389 66 4/ ± (1/1 . 1390 67 2/ ± 9/0 51 20 df 18= ) 2 1123 20 .( P= 12/0 t= 63/0 . 56 2/ ± 9/3 5/2 ± 6/0 4(. ) . .

L. affinis 2 L. affinis 1 ( ) ( )

L. affinis 4 L. affinis 3 ( ) ( ) 70 ... :

. . 53 7/ L. affinis . 50 5/ 100 ( 53 )7/ ( 56 )2/ ( 1994 ) . 48 476/ 3/ . 95 6/ C. L. curtus 49 5/ solstitialis - . 44 46 E. L. affinis L. latus ( 1387 ) Larinus aucheri 38 34 O. leptolepis . L. . L. curtus affinis E. L. affinis L. onopordi L. latus (Herbst) Hochhut 2/7 aucheri L. filiformis Petri (F.) 52 5/ ) 2/7 . 66 (8/ . Larinus ( 1387 ) . L. latus 79 O. leptolepis . 23 19 . . 11 8 ( 2003 ) . L. L. latus L. curtus O. bracteatum L. latus L. filiformis onopordi 41 11 40 21 14 12 1994 1387 ) 1 . 2006 2003 (. 2008 L. affinis . 1 1 - Gultekin & Guclu 71 92 1 36 ( )

Cenraurea solstitialis L. 2 L. latus (1994 ) . leptolepis Candolle L. latus (1387 ) . O. bracteatum Boiss. & Heldr . L. (2003 ) Larinus latus ( 1387 ) . ) O. leptolepis L. latus - L. onopordi (2000 O. leptolepis . Echinops sphaerocephalus L. L. filiformis ( 2006 ) 35 C. . ( 2008 ) solstitialis ( 2003 ) . L. latus O. bracteatum E. L. affinis . aucheri 35 . ( 95 )6/ 95 6/ . E. . aucheri . . - L. L. onopordi L. latus L. curtus filiformis . L. affinis 1387 ) 2003 1994 - .( 2008 2006 L. curtus 72 ... :

. 1985 . L. curtus . 1994 ) . (2004 ( 1994 ) ) C. ( solstitialis . 48/0 2/3 1958

. 520 . . .( ) . 1373 . 1.

Larinus latus (Col.: ) . 1387 . 2. 50. 35 28: .

. 747 . .( ) . 1373 . 3.

. 1384 . . .. 4. . ( Larinus vulpes Oliv. ) . 346 335 21:

5. Coombs, E.M., Clark, J.K., Piper, G.K., and Cofrancesco, J.A.F. 2004. Biological control of invasive plant in the United States. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis Oregon, 467 p.

6. Dewey, S.A. 1991. Weed thistle of the western United State. Noxious Range Weeds, West View Press, Boulder, Colorado, 422 p.

7. Gultekin, L. 2006. Seasonal occurrence and biology of globe thistle capitulum weevil Larinus onopordi (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North Eastern Turkey. Munis Entomology and Zoology, 1: 191-198.

8. Gultekin, L., Cristofaro, M., Tronci, C., and Smith, L. 2008. Natural history studies for the preliminary evaluation of Larinus filiformis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as a prospective biological control agent of yellow star thistle. Environmental Entomology, 37: 1185-1190.

9. Gultekin, L., and Guclu, S. 2003. The life history of the capitulum weevil, Larinus latus (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 46: 271-274. 73 92 1 36 ( )

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12. Rao, V.S. 2000. Principles of weed science. Science Publishers Indian Nursing Council, 555 p.

13. SAS Institute. 1999. SAS/Stat user’s guide. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.

14. Sindle, B.M. 1991. A review of the ecology and control of thistle in Australia. Weed Research, 31: 189-201.

15. Sobhian, R., and Fornasari, L. 1994. Biology of Larinus curtus Hochhut (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) a European weevil for biological control of yellow starthistle solstitialis L. (Asteraceae), in the United States. Biological Control, 46: 328-335.

16. Ter-minassian, M.E. 1967. Zhuki-dolgonosiki pods emejstra Cleoninae fauny SSR; tsveto zhilyi stebleedy (tribia Lixini). Nauka, Leningrad, 141 p.