Table of Contents

FALL 2014 Vol. 25 CURRENTS Covers January-August 2014

feature: Workshops Changing the World ...... 20-23 Crime Terror Nexus ...... 24-25 Nepal Adopts Alumni’s Fellows Project ...... 21 Pacifi c Latin America Meetings ...... 25 Building Strategic Trust with China ...... 26-27 India-Japan-U.S. Trilateral Cooperation ...... 28-29 News Comprehensive Security Development in Myanmar .... 30 Center News ...... 4-5 Regional Security Governance and Architecture ...... 31 Federal Executive Board Awards ...... 6 Enhancing Maritime Resource Security ...... 32 Hails & Farewells ...... 7 Anti-Crime Conferences ...... 33 Visitors ...... 8-9 College News ...... 10-11 Alumni Connections Faculty Writings ...... 34-35, 42 Alumni Promotions ...... 36-38 Courses Position Changes ...... 38-40 Retirements ...... 41 Advanced Security Cooperation ...... 12-13 Comprehensive Security Responses to Terrorism.....14-15 In every issue Transnational Security Cooperation ...... 16 Comprehensive Crisis Management ...... 17 Course Calendar ...... 42 Asia-Pacifi c Orientation Course ...... 18-19 Contacts ...... 43 Senior Asia-Pacifi c Orientation Course ...... 19

Currents Magazine is an unoffi cial publication produced biannually by the Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security Studies Pub- lic Affairs Offi ce. This publication is for APCSS employees, alumni, Fellows, future Fellows and friends of the Center. It is available online at www.apcss.org. We use the Associated Press Style Guide when abbreviating ranks, regardless of in- dividual service style. Contents are not necessarily the offi cial views of, or endorsed by, the U.S. Government or the U.S. De- partment of Defense. Questions or comments can be addressed by phone (808) 971-8916 or emailed to [email protected].

Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security Studies 2058 Maluhia Road, Honolulu, HI 96815

2 CURRENTS Fall 2014 Director’s Message

APCSS curriculum inspires Fellows to ‘Change the World’ To lead off ASC 14-3, I put some pho- change the world. But, I have seen a lot of tos to the song, “Who We Are” by (the) evidence we can, and we are. This change Imagine Dragons. I always enjoy doing is the result of the collective efforts of staff, this on the fi rst day of our long courses, faculty, Fellows, and workshop participants. and for their commencements. My intent This issue of Currents chronicles some of with this song is two-fold: to introduce our that positive change and is intended to in- people and the Center; and put forth the form and inspire your future efforts. hypothesis that the Fellows of ASC 14-3 Sincerely,cererelelyy, can and will change the world for the bet- ter. The song includes the chorus, "They say we're crazy..." Some think we are Lt.Ltt. GeGGen.en.n ((Ret.)ReR t.t ) DaDann LLeaf crazy at APCSS to believe we can actually Director, APCSS

See APCSS impacts highlighted on pages 20-23

www.apcss.org 3 College news

Director extends for 2 years General Leaf to stay through 2017 Retired U.S. Air Force Lt. Gen. Dan “Fig” Leaf will continue to serve as the Director of the Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security Studies through January 2017 after recently being approved for an ex- tension. In a memo to Center staff he stated: “I’m honored to have another two years to work with all of you, changing the world as we go.” Leaf has served as APCSS director, a U.S. Department of Defense Institute that addresses regional and global secu- rity issues, since January 2012. The two-year extension was ap- proved by the Offi ce of the Under Secre- tary of Defense for Policy with concur- rence from U.S. Pacifi c Command and the Defense Security Cooperation Agen- cy. DoD policy allows for individuals to serve as regional center director for three years with up to two two-year extensions for a maximum of seven years.

Tekwani furthers APCSS joint APCSS Director Lt. Gen. (Ret) Dan Leaf and Korea National Defense University venture with Marshall Center President Lt. Gen. Park Sam Deuk sign an education cooperation memorandum of Shyam Tekwani, an Asia-Pacifi c understanding. Center for Security Studies faculty member, took part in a joint counterter- APCSS, KNDU agree to improve rorism course at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in security education cooperation Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, in July. They have agreed in principle to Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security Tekwani served as a seminar leader Studies Director Lt. Gen. (Ret.) an exchange of faculty members and and lecturer for the Program on Terror- Daniel Leaf and Korea National joint participation in education and ism and Security Studies course. Defense University President Lt. training courses, and seminars and The professor described the event Gen. Park Sam Deuk signed a workshops offered by each institu- as a “defi ning moment” for a more ef- memorandum of understanding to tion. fective partnership between the two improve cooperation between the At the signing ceremony, an alum- (GCMC and APCSS). He said he will two organizations Sep. 2. nus of the Comprehensive Crisis use his course experience to advocate The memorandum’s intent is Management 14-1 course, ROK Fel- continuing the exchange between the to advance security cooperation in low Col. Sang Sun Park, was recog- APCSS and Marshall Center. the Asia-Pacifi c region by fostering nized with an award for his role as a Tekwani’s academic focus is on ter- closer relations between the two catalyst to bring the two institutions rorists’ and insurgent groups’ use of institutions. together to sign the MOU. new media technologies.

4 CURRENTS Fall 2014 APCSS publishes Women, Peace & Security Strategy In April, the Asia-Pacifi c incorporated into the curric- Center for Security Studies ulum; promoting and main- unveiled a new strategic taining a WPS community policy statement in support of interest; and reaching a of the National Action Plan goal of 20 percent female on Women, Peace, and Se- participation in all APCSS curity (WPS). resident courses. The strategy outlines Directed by Execu- APCSS’ commitment to tive Order, the goal of the foster an inclusive security National Action Plan on sector through engagement Women, Peace, and Secu- and executive education of rity is “to empower half the security practitioners in the world’s population as equal Asia-Pacifi c Region. partners in preventing con- According to Lt. Cmdr. During ASC 14-1, three Fellows completed special projects related fl ict and building peace in Daravanh Kollasch, APC- to Women, Peace and Security. Pictured with WPS project leads countries threatened and af- SS’ WPS program manager, Lt. Cmdr. Dara Kollasch (left) and Dr. Lori Forman (right) are (left fected by war, violence, and “Our goal is to promote, to right) Deputy Police Chief Jean Salvador (Philippines), Lt Col. insecurity.” MD Masum (Bangladesh), and Sri Rumiati (Indonesian National through awareness and ad- Police). For more detail on the vocacy, women’s participa- APCSS WPS strategy, visit tion in the security sector in management and resolution, will be implemented within http://www.apcss.org/wp- all efforts related to build- as well as post-confl ict re- the overall APCSS program content/uploads/2014/04/ ing a sustainable and lasting lief and recovery.” of executive education WPS-STRATEGY_MIS- peace. The new WPS strategy courses and workshops. SION-STATEMENT_FI- “These efforts include clearly states how the pro- These goals include en- NAL-23APR2014-web- confl ict prevention, confl ict gram goals and objectives suring WPS elements are version.pdf. Center partners with Hawaii orgs on disaster cooperation With an eye on enhancing disaster 13 Advanced Security Cooperation Fellows attending ASC 14-1 risk management and cooperation, the Course 14-1 and the April 10 to May praised the team’s efforts, with one Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security Stud- 14 Advanced Security Cooperation commenting, “I enjoyed the guest ies partnered with three Hawaii-based Course 14-2. Each organization pro- speakers that were brought in to con- organizations in crisis education, re- vided a subject matter expert to teach tribute to the course. They provided a search and training in recent courses. in the four-part elective titled "Disaster lot of good information about manag- This partnership with the Center Risk Management and Cooperation". ing risk that I will be able to apply for Excellence in Disaster Manage- NDPTC’s Gregg Nakano intro- beyond just disaster scenarios.” ment and Humanitarian Assistance duced fundamentals of risk assessment Another Fellow commented, “We (CFE-DMHA), the Pacifi c Disaster for disaster planning; Dr. Imes Chui, had different lecturers...and all of them Center (PDC), and the National Di- CFE-DMHA, discussed the impor- saster Preparedness Training Center tance of investment in risk reduction; were professional and knowledgeable, (NDPTC) at the University of Hawaii PDC’s Dr. Heather Bell focused on (and) successfully prompted us to are based on a letter of undersigning information use for enhanced decision concise and meaningful discussions. It signed by all four organizations in making; and APCSS professor Jessica was a very good elective.” November 2013. Ear emphasized strategies and mecha- The APCSS plans to continue this The four centers collaborated most nisms for effective disaster coordina- educational collaboration in future recently during the Jan. 9 to Feb. tion. courses and programs.

www.apcss.org 5 College news

Center professors teach aboard USS Carl Vinson Conduct security education while learning Navy sea ops Two professors with the Asia- Pacifi c Center for Security Studies “got underway” with the USS Carl Vinson (CVN-70) in San Diego Aug.

21-30 as part of the Navy’s Regional USN photo by PO2 James Evans Security Education Program. Dr. Christopher Snedden and Dr. Virginia Watson were aboard the air- craft carrier for eight days in waters off California and Hawaii. They were joined on the faculty team by Mark Huber, Naval Postgraduate School, and Dr. Robert Took of Townsend University. Watson lectured on China and the South China Sea, Southeast Asia, and the Philippines; Snedden addressed South Asia topics; Humber and Rook teamed up on Middle East and South- west Asia issues. Pilots fl ew Watson and Rook by helicopter to the USS Dewey (DDG (Right) Dr. Christopher Snedden and Dr. Virginia Watson pose in carrier fl ightline gear aboard the USS Carl Vinson (top left). The pair are pictured (below left) with fellow 105), where Watson briefed the com- instructors on the ship, Mark Huber (middle right), Dr. Robert Rook (middle), and Rear manding offi cer and crew on the Adm. Christopher Grady, commander of Carrier Strike Group ONE. Philippines and cultural awareness in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. perience. “I learned a lot, particularly into the night. While off the Cali- The four took part in a program about how the U.S. Navy operates at fornia coast, Snedden and Watson created and conducted by the Naval sea (and) the challenges of life at sea. observed Navy pilots re-qualifying in carrier take-off and landing proce- Postgraduate School, located at Mon- “The crew answered our many ques- dures. terey, Calif. The RSEP is designed to tions and explained their operations; it The cruise ended with the pair de- build strategic awareness among se- was a privilege, and a special experi- parting from the 1,092-foot-long car- nior Navy leaders about the environ- ence to be on board.” rier in a C2 Greyhound aircraft. The The professor added that he and ments in which they operate. catapult launched their aircraft from Watson were essentially “on duty” Watson and Snedden had three zero to 140 mph in under two seconds from the time they boarded until land- primary objectives: to educate crew- en route to safe landing at Hickam. members; explain and advocate ing on the Joint Base Pearl Harbor- “This was an excellent, cost-effec- for APCSS programs; and develop Hickam fl ightline. “The ship operates tive program for all concerned,” said professionally by learning about an 24 hours a day, and there is always Snedden. “As academics, we benefi t- aircraft carrier and U.S. Navy ships in something happening on board,” he ted from the experience; we believe general. related. that the audience benefi tted from our Snedden said he enjoyed what Flight operations, for example, lectures, and we also successfully proved to be a personal learning ex- took place almost daily and often late raised APCSS’ profi le.”

6 CURRENTS Fall 2014 Science & Tech Event Faculty address energy security, climate change at PACOM conference

Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security Studies’ faculty members, led by Deputy Dean Col. (Ret.) Dave Shana- han, held a panel session as part of the Pacifi c Operational Science and Tech- nology Conference March 5 at the Hilton Hawaiian Village in Honolulu. The APCSS faculty team briefed on Energy Security Issues (Dr. Wil- liam Wieninger), Climate Change & Environmental Security Issues (Dr. Scott Hauger), Maritime Security Issues (Prof. Kerry Nankivell), and Information Technology & Cyber Se- Kerry Nankivell addresses maritime security issues at the March 5 Pacifi c Operational Science curity Issues (Butch Finley). and Technology Conference as fellow APCSS faculty member Dr. William Wieninger looks on. APCSS Director Lt. Gen. (Ret.) as a conference co-host the past 14 year by more than 600 people. Dan Leaf also briefed participants on years, partnering with the National This conference supports PACOM the APCSS mission and the U.S. “Re- Defense Industrial Association. by strengthening and advancing alli- balance” to the Asia-Pacifi c region. It is the largest combatant com- ances and partnerships through sci- U.S. Pacifi c Command has served mand S&T conference, attended this ence and technology. Professor Jessica Ear highlights Asian Americans’ rise to equality Jessica Ear, an Asia- one who championed for Ear learned English as Pacifi c Center for Security equal opportunities in edu- a third language while her Studies’ associate professor, cation; family scraped out a living joined Sailors at Joint Base  The late senior Sena- on welfare and food stamps. Pearl Harbor-Hickam, HI, tor Daniel Inouye who She eventually graduated May 22 to commemorate President Barack Obama from the William S. Rich- Asian American Pacifi c Is- described as his “fi rst politi- Jessica Ear ardson School of Law and lander Heritage Month. cal inspiration.” is now employed by her Addressing 40 members to the U.S. Congress; The professor shared the adopted nation as an educa- of the Afl oat Training Group  Fred Korematsu, story of her family’s fl ight tor of Asia-Pacifi c leaders in Middle Pacifi c, Ear dis- whose lawsuit against his from war-torn Cambodia order to build multinational cussed key U.S. legislation World War II internment and Vietnam to a new life in security cooperation. that enabled equal opportu- brought about recognition the United States. The professor attributes nity for Asian Americans and of a U.S. wrong and subse- The family’s journey her success to her parents’ Pacifi c Islanders. quent compensation; included passing through hard work and support, and She also recognized no-  Patsy Mink, the fi rst pirate-infested waters of the legacy of Asian Ameri- table fi gures such as: woman of color and the fi rst Southeast Asia and enduring can and Pacifi c Islanders  Dalip Singh Saund, the Asian American woman diffi cult days as refugees in who strove for equal oppor- fi rst Asian American elected elected to Congress, and Indonesia. tunity in the United States. www.apcss.org 7 Visitors

Tulsi Gabbard Hawaii Representative Visited APCSS June 2 to address Fel- lows in Comprehensive Crisis Manage- ment Course 14-1.

Ashok Mirpuri Singapore Ambassador to the United States Toured APCSS during an April 3 visit. He was greeted by APCSS Deputy Di- rector Brig. Gen. (Ret.) James Hirai.

Gen. Humberto Oviedo Arriagada Chilean Army Commander-in-Chief Received an orientation on APCSS courses Aug. 12.

Michael Lumpkin U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low Intensity Confl ict Visited with APCSS staff on Feb. 25. At the time, he was serving as acting under secretary of defense for policy.

Joseph Yun U.S. Ambassador to Malaysia Toured APCSS March 21 with host Cen- ter Director Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan “Fig” Leaf. Yun is an alumnus of Executive Course 04-3. Li-Yan Hsia Taiwan Vice Minister of Defense Discussed APCSS activities with Center Deputy Director Brig. Gen. (Ret.) James Hirai Aug. 11.

Maj. Gen. Vanna Chea Cambodia Ministry of Defense Visited APCSS and received informa- tion on the Center’s education activites April 3.

Dan Mozena U.S. Ambassador to People’s Republic of Bangladesh Met on Jan. 31 with Fellows attending Advanced Security Cooperation Course 14-1.

8 CURRENTS Fall 2014 Subrahmanyam Jaishankar India Ambassador to the United States Received an orientation from APCSS Director Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan “Fig” Leaf during an April 9 visit.

Thomas Countryman U.S. Assistant Secretary for International Security and Nonproliferation Talked June 5 with Fellows attending Comprehensive Crisis Management Course 14-1.

Atul Keshap U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary for South Asia Met with international Fellows taking part in Advanced Security Cooperation Course 14-2 May 15.

Kenji Wakamiya Japan Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Defense Visited APCSS Jan. 22 for an overview of security education opportunities.

Gen. Gaurav Rana Chief of the Army of Nepal An alumnus of Executive Course 99-1, he spoke to Advanced Security Coopera- tion Course 14-2 attendees April 28. Datuk Hishammuddin Tun Hussein Malaysia Minister of Defense Visited APCSS Jan. 14 and addressed Advanced Security Cooperation Course 14-1 Fellows on managing complexity.

Ting Joseph Shih Taiwan Deputy Foreign Minister Received an APCSS orientation and at- tended the Advanced Security Coopera- tion Course 14-2 graduation May 15.

Kelly Magsamen Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense and Principle Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Asian and Security Affairs Enhanced her knowledge of APCSS’ world-changing mission during a March 17 visit.

www.apcss.org 9 Center News

Founding member of APCSS retires The Asia-Pacifi c Center for Se- Salmon joined APCSS in curity Studies bid farewell this year 1996. Prior to this, he was U.S. to one of its founding members, U.S. foreign policy advisor to the com- Ambassador Charles Salmon. mander, U.S. Pacifi c Command. In an April 7 ceremony at APC- He also served in U.S. State De- SS, the staff commemorated Salm- partment roles as ambassador to on’s 17 years of service as a advisor, Laos and deputy chief of mission Ambassador Charles Salmon (left) and APCSS Director Lt. diplomat and an adjunct faculty in Rangoon, Burma, and Welling- Gen. (Ret) Dan Leaf. member for courses and workshops. ton, New Zealand. 12 APCSS employees earn excellence awards

Twelve Asia-Pacifi c Federal Leader of the Center for Security Studies Year: Dr. Justin Nankivell, employees were recognized College of Security Studies. at the Honolulu-Pacifi c Fed- Federal Employee of eral Executive Board’s 58th the Year (Clerical/Assis- Annual Excellence in Fed- tant): Lily Ordonez, Travel eral Government Awards Division. Luncheon at the Joint Base Exceptional Com- Pearl Harbor-Hickam Of- munity Service: Richard fi cer’s Club May 2. Sears, Dean, Admissions The annual event honors and Business Operations. employees from govern- Mentor of the Year: ment agencies in Hawaii Thomas Patykula, Admis- for their outstanding effort, sions Department. dedication, and contribu- APCSS Human Re- tions to the workforce and sources Chief Johnette Chun community. Employees’ or- commented on her team’s ganizations nominated them group recognition. for these honors. “It is an honor for the APCSS award winners Human Resources Depart- for 2013 were: ment to be recognized for Team Excellence: Team Excellence. Award winners pictured with APCSS Deputy Director Brig. Gen. Human Resources Depart- “Even while challenged (Ret.) James Hirai (at front, center) include (front, left to right) ment: Johnette Chun; with furloughs and hiring Linda Jiminez, Laureen Kukino, Robin Wong, Johnette Chun, and Linda Jimenez; Robin freezes, we continued to Jo Gardiner; (back, left to right) Thomas Patykula, Larry Fryer, Dr. Wong; Larry Fryer; Sgt. sustain our department’s vi- Justin Nankivell, Lt. Col. Greg Pleinis, and Richard Sears. At bot- tom, are Lily Ordonez, Sgt. Jared Ching, and Sgt. Joshua Drum- Jared Ching; Cpl. Joshua sion to provide elite person- mund. Drummond; and Laureen nel services supporting our Kukino. world class workforce.” “It’s outstanding to see couldn’t achieve the level Federal Employee APCSS Director Lt. our people recognized for of success we’ve seen in of the Year (Professional/ Gen. (Ret) Dan Leaf paid their superb contributions to our world-changing foreign Admin/Tech): Jo Gardiner, tribute to all the award win- this Center’s vital mission. engagement and executive Strategy &Assessments. ners. Without them, we simply education programs.”

10 CURRENTS Fall 2014 HAILS AND FAREWELLS New faculty members A number of people came also lost USMC Sgt. Jared Ch- through APCSS doors between ing, but gained USMC Sgt. Joshua Col. Todd Fish Jan. 1 through Aug. 31. Drummond. U.S. Army Fellow In the Executive Operations REO bid farewell to Chelsie M.S. in Business Admin Group, U.S. Air Force Maj. Hayles and Terry Slattery, who Theater Logistics, Northeast Asia Region Nicholas Torres took over as the now serves as the APCSS recruiter. executive assistant in the front of- USAF Staff Sgt. Gilberto fi ce, replacing U.S. Marine Corps Saldierna joined the APCSS Travel Capt. Jennifer Miller, who trans- Offi ce. Dr. Christopher Harmon fers to the Regional Engagement USA Col. Greg Winston is PhD in International Relations Offi ce. EOG’s Assessment team the new academic chief of staff, Terrorism, Insurgency, and U.S. also bid farewell to USAF Maj. replacing Col. Tim Ryan, who re- Foreign Policy Derrick Connor and U.S. Army tired from the Army. College Ops Capt. Victor Park. welcomed USA Lt. Col. Donald USA Maj. Melina Ecenrode Peterson, replacing U.S. Navy Lt. Lt. Col. Benjamin Hwang replaced USA Capt. Todd (Mi- Nick Matchek, who is now part U.S. Army Fellow chael) Pfeffer as APC;lSS legal of the APCSS faculty. Capt. Jung M.S. in Defense Analysis offi cer. Yoon Schorr and David Webb also Counter-Special Operations Public Affairs welcomed Jesse worked in College Ops for a short Forces, Foreign Internal De- fense, Uncoventional Warfare Hall to the team. USMC Capt. time. Ed Miller transferred from PAO Military faculty members who Lt. Col. Kenneth Lawrence to the Alumni Division, replacing departed included: USA Col. Bryan U.S. Army Fellow USAF Lt. Col. Greg Pleinis, who Truesdell, USAF Lt. Cols. Reese M.S. in Telecommunications transferred. Alumni also gained Evers, Christopher Heming, and DoD Cyberspace Operations, USAF Maj. Joshua Burgess, who James Popphan, USA Maj. Jason Cyber Security. is serving as deputy Alumni chief. Campbell, and USMC Maj. Doug- USAF Lt. Col. Jonathan las Krugman. Lt. Col. Danny Makalena Kim is the new APCSS Deputy APCSS intern coordinator Mar- U.S. Air Force Dean of Admissions and Business cela Gill departed Hawaii and was M.S. in Aeronautical Science Operations, replacing USAF Col. replaced by former intern Jim Po- Technology Steven Huss, who retired. USMC tenza. New interns include Borjana HA/DR, Physical Security Oper- ations, Logisitics, Japan, Korea Maj. Yohannes Negga is the new Lubura-Winchester, Jillian Ma- DABO operations offi cer. gee, and Capt. LiangKuan Ho. Our Information Technology Interns who served during spring Dr. Christopher Snedden Department welcomed Ed Paras and summer 2014 included: Cath- Ph.D. in International Relations as the new network manager. erine Greenlee, Danika Mencin, South Asia, Security Sector They also welcomed Christian Ashley Krysik, Joanna Leeder, Development, Internationl Re- lations Oshiro, Byran Acidera and Nai- Federica Dall'Arche, Megan Trott, ya Nakama, who worked with the Michael Stecher, Ashlee Esteban. team temporarily. IT said farewell Interns Alexandria Brill, Amanda Lt. Col. Nathan Springer to Carla Jean Jones and Dianne Lamothe, Nitin Bajaj, Shannon U.S. Army Fellow Tabonda. Gray, Rene Voltaire, Richard M.A. in Security Studies Human Resources once again Cardinale, and Ralph Jaojoco also South Asia, Confl ict Resolution, bid farewell to Roberta Garrett, served. Visiting scholars included Counterinsurgency, Counter- terrorism who retired, and welcomed back Dr. Yoichiro Sato and Thailand Lt. Pedro Gutierrez-Torres. They Col. (Dr.) Nawita Direkwut.

www.apcss.org 11 Courses

ASC courses 14-1 & 14-2 promote cooperation

More than 100 Fellows from 33 Asia-Pacifi c locations graduated from ASC 14-1 Feb. 13, 2014. Attendees included senior-level lead- ers representing military, government, foreign affairs and law enforcement agencies.

wo hundred ten mid-level mili- cuses on building relationships among comprehensive mix of political, eco- tary and civilian government emerging leaders and decision makers nomic, social, military, diplomatic, in- Tleaders from 39 nations and within the region. Its curriculum em- formation and ecological dimensions. territories graduated two sessions of phasizes the non-war fi ghting aspects Attendees are leaders within military, the Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security of security and international relations, law-enforcement, foreign affairs, Studies “Executive Course: Advanced and challenges Fellows to develop re- government and other public sector Security Cooperation” this year. gional and transnational perspectives. branches, academia, and international Attending regional security courses Participants examine security as a organizations. were participants from: Australia, Ban- gladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, Canada, China, Columbia, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mar- shall Islands, Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philip- pines, Republic of Korea, Russia, Samoa, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States, Vanuatu, and Vietnam. The fi ve-week Executive Course fo-

Indian Air Force Group Capt. Sanjay Modgil (right) and Sri Lankan consular offi cial Sad- dha Waruna Wilpatha map out notes during a ASC seminar session. The course pro- motes inter-cultural dialogue on a variety of regional security issues.

12 CURRENTS Fall 2014 Singapore Air Force Lt. Col. Edwin Loo Chong Lim engages in a seminar discussion, a time when Fellows interact in small group ses- sions. APCSS adjunct professor John Barkai lectures on communication during one of ASC’s multiple plenary sessions. an atmosphere conducive for dispute ASC 14-1 took place Jan. 9 to Feb. “...In spite of differences resolution.” 13, 2014. At the conclusion of this in perspectives as well class, Fellows presented APCSS with APCSS held ASC 14-2 from April a Declaration of Amity and Coopera- as backgrounds...the 10 to May 15, 2014. Among the 101 tion, formalizing their commitment relationships that develop attendees were the fi rst two U.S. State to adhere to the principles of security naturally contribute to an Department-funded Fellows, an ini- tiative made possible through cross- cooperation. atmosphere conducive Course Manager Kerry Lynn Nan- collaboration with the Symposium on kivell observed that “this class (was) for dispute resolution.” East Asian Security (SEAS) program. an enthusiastic group of professionals, - ASC 14-1 Course Fellow SEAS brings together both military whose coursework and personal fel- and civilian offi cials from the Asia-Pa- lowship will leave us all in good stead enduring value (for) me is...that in cifi c region to share perspectives and as our region moves into a new and spite of differences in perspectives as gain a better understanding of regional exciting century.” well as backgrounds...the relationships issues and potential areas that will fos- A course Fellow added, “The most that develop naturally contribute to ter greater cooperation among nations.

More than 100 people traveled to the APCSS to take part in ASC 14-2. The course featured the fi rst two U.S. State Department-funded Fellows through collaberation with the Symposium on East Asian Security program.

www.apcss.org 13 Courses

More than 100 security practitioners took part in the 2014 iteration of APCSS’ Comprehensive Response to Terrorism course. International Fellows enhance counterterrorism skills Learn terrorism’s contributing build and promote appropri- ate strategies to deal with factors, analyze countermeasures transnational threats. “This course builds rela- ombating terrorism agencies. Others represent- tionships between counter- is a global challenge ed government ministries, terrorism practitioners. It Cthat compels nations foreign affairs departments, facilitates the mutual trust to tap political, military intelligence services and needed to increase informa- Asia-Pacifi c region, with and economic resources to academic institutions. tion sharing and cooperation fi ve continents represented. marshal effective responses. Fellows explored the in the international struggle Fellows were from Ban- The Asia-Pacifi c Center for nature of current and future against those who use ter- gladesh, Brazil, Bulgaria, Security Studies conducts terrorist threats through lec- ror to promote their goals,” Burundi, Cambodia, Co- the annual Comprehensive tures, examining real-world explained APCSS professor lumbia, Djibouti, Egypt, El Security Responses to Ter- case studies and sharing and CSRT course manager, Salvador, Honduras, Hong rorism course to provide personal perspectives in Dr. Al Oehlers. Kong, and India. Others these nations’ security seminar sessions. They also More than half the par- hailed from Indonesia, Jor- practitioners with strategic analyzed tools needed to ticipants were from the dan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, and tactical skills needed Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Ma- to handle this ever-present “Terrorism as a laysia, Maldives, Mauritius, threat. phenomenon is Mexico, Mongolia, Moroc- One hundred one Fel- co, Nepal, and Nigeria. lows from 44 nations gradu- constantly changing and evolving...this Other countries sending ated from the latest CSRT Fellows included Oman, course considers held Feb. 24 to March 19 in Pakistan, Panama, Philip- Honolulu. what may need to be pines, Sierra Leone, South Attendees represented done to effectively Africa, South Korea, Sri a wide variety of U.S. and face the future Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, international entities with threats...” Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuni- most associated with mili- - Dr.Christopher Harmon sia, Turkey, Uganda, United tary and law enforcement APCSS terrorism expert States, Vietnam, and Yemen. 14 CURRENTS Fall 2014 CSRT 14-1 consisted of four key parts address- ing historical and emerging factors contributing to ter- rorist movements and their actions. “Terrorism as a phenom- enon is constantly changing and evolving, as are our re- sponses to it,” said APCSS professor Dr. Christopher Harmon. He added, “This course delves deeply into emerg- ing future trends, sampling some key trends identifi ed by various experts. Having identifi ed these emerging trends, the course considers what may need to be done to effectively face the fu- ture threats posed by these trends.”

Four key elements The course’s fi rst focus area was, “Knowing the Challenge,” which provided a framework with which to view contemporary terror- ism and violent extremism, including origins, motiva- tions, and environmental infl uences. Seminar participants (above and bottom center) share perspectives on current and emerging ter- rorist threats. Anna Gussarova of Kazakhstan (bottom left) provides input to a CSRT discussion. “Emerging Issues, Risks U.S. Army Col. Mike Lwin (bottom right), Director of DoD’s Military Information Support Operations, and Threats,” presented served as the course’s guest speaker. modern terrorism’s orga- nizational and innovation The course’s third couraged dialogue, refl ec- amine the best means to col- trends with potential future element, “Preparing Our- tion and further research lectively mitigate emerging application. selves,” explored approach- amongst Fellows in seminar terrorist activities. “I think (emerging es to counter, deter and groups; this enabled them to APCSS has been de- technologies) was the most mitigate terrorism, includ- work with others from their veloping the CSRT course useful (topic) for my job,” ing building regional and regions, and in some cases, in partnership with the As- said one CSRT Fellow, international collaboration; breached national rivalries. sistant Secretary of Defense adding, “Understanding of development of intelligence Oehlers said this led to for Special Operations and new technologies useful to and information sharing better understanding of the Low Intensity Confl ict via a terrorist will enable me to technologies; and related often culturally based biases the Combating Terrorism devise programs to counter legal complexities. that drive decision making Fellowship Program for them.” The fi nal portion en- and enabled groups to ex- nearly a decade.

www.apcss.org 15 Courses

TSC 14-1 highlights security issues, collaboration

he Transnational “Fellows noted exposure praised the course for ex- panding his perspective Security Coopera- to alternate viewpoints -- of security as something Ttion Course is an in- from different countries and tense six-day program that shaped by climate, food agencies -- opened eyes, supplies and other factors. equips senior leaders with stimulated discussions, and the enhanced multinational “(It) gave me a chance to recalibrated priorities!” engagement tools needed to understand security (is) not - Dr. Lori Forman just for the military. It’s a sustain peace and stability TSC Course Manager in the Asia-Pacifi c region. comprehensive issue.” TSC 14-1 featured the Twenty-eight senior Fellows embraced the op- cussions, and recalibrated course’s largest number of leaders from 27 locations portunity to think about priorities!” women enrollees to date, took part in TSC 14-1 issues and trends they may Participants came from with fi ve taking part. March 23-28, 2014, at the not have previously consid- Australia, Bangladesh, Foreman related that Center. Attendees included ered, and the relationship of Burma, Cambodia, Chile, increased participation senior military offi cers and those items to national and China, India, Indonesia, by women “enhances the their civilian counterparts. regional security. Japan, Kiribati, Malaysia, understanding of non- The curriculum high- Foreman added that the Maldives and Moldova. traditional security issues; lighted emerging security course reinforced the need Fellows also traveled from enhances perspective diver- issues in the region, with for leaders to understand Nepal, New Zealand, Paki- sity; and supports the U.S. emphasis on those requir- their regional counterparts’ stan, Philippines, Republic ing regional collaboration. views as a prerequisite to of Korea, Russia, Sri Lanka, National Action Plan for Attendees covered a range developing effective re- Taiwan, Timor-Leste, Ton- Women, Peace and Security. of topics, including demo- sponses to transnational ga, the United States, and graphic change, economics, challenges. Vietnam. cyber security, transnational She stated, “Fellows not- Scenario-based exercises crime, climate change, and ed the exposure to alternate enabled Fellows to apply resource scarcity. viewpoints – from different skills gained during the Course manager Dr. Lori countries and agencies – TSC. Foreman, stated, “Senior opened eyes, stimulated dis- One military Fellow

Fellows from 27 locations gathered at the Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security Nobuharu Imanishi, with Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Studies for six days of discussions on key security topics, to include socio- Affairs, discusses security-related issues with APCSS economic issues and cyber security. professor Dr. William Wieninger.

16 CURRENTS Fall 2014 Courses

Graduates of the Comprehensive Crisis Management Course learned methods to improve emergency inter-agency coordination.

ne hundred Fel- during future crises. lows, represent- 100 evaluate, discuss According to CCM Oing 31 different course manager Tom Pe- nations and territories, factors impacting terman, Fellows took part and one international or- in projects designed to ganization, graduated July “improve their agency’s or 1 from Comprehensive crisis management country’s crisis management Crisis Management (CCM) capacities when they return Course 14-1 at the Asia- home.” Faculty members Pacifi c Center for Security helped Fellows design proj- Studies in Honolulu. ects for implementation at The nearly fi ve-week some level in their home na- course is designed to tions within 90 to 180 days. deepen attendees’ abilities One attendee highlighted to understand and deal with the importance of APCSS’ the multi-faceted, interde- emphasis on cross-agency pendent nature of both nat- coordination and the need ural and man-made crises. for further APCSS training. The diverse group of “This course (was) very participating security prac- titioners comprised senior important to me. I am leaders and offi cials from working (in the) Ministry CCM Fellows discuss a variety of issues associated with impacts of Disaster Management various military services, and responses to crisis situations. government ministries, and Relief as a deputy sec- law-enforcement agencies, They also came from also addressed international retary. We are facing many foreign affairs, academic Nauru, Nepal, Pakistan, considerations in humani- crises like fl ood, fl ash fl ood, institutions, and other pub- Palau, Papua-New Guinea, tarian assistance, includ- drought, water borne dis- lic sector branches. Philippines, Republic of ing cooperation with the eases. We need coordination CCM 14-1 graduates Korea, Samoa, Sri Lanka, United Nations and other (with) Ministry of Agricul- brought a variety of re- Taiwan, Thailand, Timor- organizations. ture and Health. If APCSS gional and global perspec- Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, United Primary course objec- invites those ministries to tives from experiences States, United Nations, and tives included helping Fel- participate, this will be more gained in their fi elds. They Vietnam lows: prevent routine emer- fruitful for us.” represented Bangladesh, The CCM course ad- gencies from deteriorating Cambodia, Chile, China, dressed national-level con- into more serious crises; Colombia, India, Indonesia, siderations in the areas of prepare for crises in ways Kiribati, Laos, Malaysia, economics, social inclusion, that reduce their near-term Maldives, Marshall Islands, governance law, strategic impacts; and set the condi- Micronesia, Mongolia, and communications, and cli- tions for cooperation and Myanmar. mate change. CCM faculty greater national resilience

www.apcss.org 17 Courses

Two hundred fi fty people took part in the on-site APOC 14-1 (above) and Mobile APOC APOC 14-1 (below). APCSS faculty pro- vided Fellows, such as former APCSS sessions intern program coordinator Marcela Gill (left), an overview of issues affecting the provide vital Asia-Pacifi c security environment. two important strategic hotspot topics regional taught by faculty members: APCSS Director Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf perspectives lectured on “Regional Friction and its Impact on the North Korea Problem,” and APCSS faculty member Dr. Justin Record-breaking 149 students Nankivell presented “Security, War, attend on-campus iteration. and International Law in the South China Sea.” he Asia-Pacifi c Center for Two external guest lecturers pro- Security Studies graduated its vided further insight. Lisa Carle, largest class ever July 25th at lunch sessions, and elective seminars. foreign policy adviser with U.S. Army T Participants in APOC 14-1 com- its Honolulu location. One hundred Pacifi c, delivered the presentation forty-nine military and civilian partici- prised a multinational group of secu- “U.S. Foreign Policy and Diplomacy pants from Hawaii and six internation- rity practitioners. They represented in the Asia-Pacifi c.” Chris Isham, al locations took part in Asia-Pacifi c on-island U.S. military commands Director of Plans and Policy, Joint In- Orientation Course 14-1 July 21-25. and counterpart civilian agencies, and teragency Task Force-West, briefed on The unprecedented volume and regional partners, to include Australia, transnational drug traffi cking. diversity of participants demonstrated Brunei, Canada, France (including APOC course manager Dr. Virginia the great demand for this week-long French territories), Singapore and Tai- Watson emphasized Carle’s and Ish- overview of the Asia-Pacifi c security wan. am’s important interagency perspec- environment. The group took part in sessions on tives in understanding the Asia-Pacifi c APOC focuses on the socio-eco- nomic, political, military, and cultural infl uences, as well as the transnational trends and dynamics that shape the re- gion’s security environment. Fellows also examined the increased role and impact of the U.S. “Rebalance” efforts in the area. The course provides a balance of plenary lectures, small seminar discus- sion groups, “brown bag” working

18 CURRENTS Fall 2014 security environment. “Their involve- ment underscores APCSS’ continued efforts to collaborate with security practitioners from other agencies in its executive education courses.”

Mobile APOC held in JBLM This year’s fi rst Mobile APOC (MAPOC 14-1) was held at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash., June 16 – 22 upon request of 593rd Expeditionary Sustainment Command. International military and civilian leaders gathered at APCSS in January for a The intensive one-week course senior-level executive orientation on Asia-Pacifi c security issues. included 12 lectures; two panel discus- sions on regional territorial disputes Senior executive course and security architecture; 14 elective options; and daily seminar discussions. One hundred one participants included ends with 35 new Fellows members of various U.S. agencies Thirty-fi ve Fellows completed the Senior Executive Asia-Pacifi c Olympia mayor Orientation Course 14-1 Jan. 17 in Honolulu. Stephen Buxbaum Eleven international Fellows attended the course, coming from stressed the Australia, Canada, Japan, Singapore, the Republic of Korea, and importance of Taiwan. The remaining Fellows were from the United States. military-civilian SEAPOC provides an overview of the Asia-Pacifi c region to senior cooperation in the military offi cers while acknowledging the greater demands on their security arena. time and existing basis of knowledge. It also directly supports U.S. Pacifi c Command by providing its staff and supporting components a compressed and comprehensive educational environment. (military and civilian) and internation- SEAPOC builds upon Fellows’ existing Asia-Pacifi c experiences al components. regarding trends and current issues shaping the regional security The mayor of Olympia, Wash., environment. It is a highly-intensive course with a mix of electives that Stephen Buxbaum, served as the dis- focuses on specifi c issues apropriate for senior offi cers. tinguished civilian speaker, delivering One Fellow related, “This specifi c course gave me the foundational the closing keynote speech. knowledge that is necessary to be able to strengthen our partnership He tailored his 45-minute address across the region.” to the APOC “Comprehensive En- This iteration of the course was held at the same time as the gagement” theme. His key points on Advance Security Cooperation 14-1 course. Conducting the courses security, climate, inclusion, disaster simultaneously enables interaction between the Fellows, including a response, and relationship-building joint seminar on U.S. Foreign Policy. illustrated vital links between the mu- nicipal and the regional sectors. “The Mayor of Olympia’s closing address provided the class a rare op- portunity to listen to a security practi- tioner who updated their local knowl- edge on such topics as governance, crisis management, and community relations,” said Watson.

www.apcss.org 19 CHANGING THE WORLD APCSS: Real change via education, collaboration

sia-Pacifi c Center for Security These projects typically address within countries to produce tangible Studies (APCSS) programs issues of organization and communica- recommendations for transforming ele- Adirectly facilitate real changes tion within or between governmental ments of the public sector charged with needed in partner-nation and U.S. departments. They also address, issues the provision of external and internal Government security frameworks and of domestic or foreign policy within a security. whole-of-society security cooperation country or group of countries, and is- Other workshops, such as those that to positively affect regional security and sues of organization, policy, practice, or facilitate the development of informa- stability. communication between a government tion sharing models, have also produced The growing list of substantive and the public. security-enhancing outcomes. outcomes and impacts from APCSS APCSS workshops, designed to col- The highlighted outcomes listed courses and workshops attests to this laboratively address cutting edge secu- below, and on Pages 21 to 23 deal pre- practical capacity-building, both at the rity cooperation challenges in a format dominantly with the development and individual and institutional levels. that facilitates discussion and problem implementation of legislative and policy Course “Fellow’s Projects” under- solving, also contribute signifi cantly to frameworks defi ning security institution taken by either an individual Fellow or the body of substantive outcomes. Most roles, relationships and strategies. These a country cohort that focus on overcom- notable are the bilateral and multilat- represent but a portion of the many suc- ing barriers to security-based coopera- eral security sector development (SSD) cessful efforts undertaken by APCSS tion remain a signifi cant mechanism for workshops that foster the formation course Fellows and workshop. partici- achieving this capacity-building. of SSD whole-of-society Core Groups pants to help “change the world.”

20 CURRENTS Fall 2014 UN adopts APCSS Fellows Project in Nepal Implements alumna’s earthquake prep, recovery program

Nepal government approved an Annual Work and U.N. board Plan that included Hada’s A have approved for Fellows Project. They will implementation a Fellows implement the program this Project engineered by an year through 2015. Hada Asia-Pacifi c Center for will work the project in Security Studies alumnus; Nepal’s eastern region after another example of the testing training materials in Center’s world-changing Kathmandu. executive education pro- The alumna’s success gram. brought her a return trip to Shortly after completing APCSS in June this year to the APCSS Comprehen- brief CCM 14-1 Fellows. sive Crisis Management Hada attributed her suc- Course 13-1, Chandra Hada cess, in part, to an APCSS presented her “Earthquake experience that offered “an Preparedness and Recov- opportunity to learn many ery Awareness Program in new skills and simultane- Eastern Nepal” to offi cials ously sharpen knowledge with the U.N. Develop- and understanding of vari- ment Programme (UNDP). ous issues relevant in crisis Hada is currently a project management.” offi cer for Emergency Pre- “I have been success- paredness and Response fully applying some of and Early Recovery within the skills and knowledge UNDP’s Comprehensive learned in the training,” Disaster Risk Management Hada said. Programme (CDRMP). These skills, she added, Her project goals were include negotiating, strate- to create awareness of the gic development, and solv- importance of earthquake ing and framing complex preparedness and increase problems. capabilities of technicians Hada also noted her trained in earthquake resis- APCSS experience provided tant design and construc- a “rare opportunity” to con- tion. APCSS alumnus Chandra Hada takes part in an emergency nect with professionals from She also desired to preparedness event in Nepal (top). One objective of her earth- quake preparation project is strengthening school structures in different disciplines, coun- achieve earthquake resil- earthquake-vulnerable districts (bottom). tries and regions. ient/resistant schools for To gain more detail on a secure education envi- areas were hit hard by a 6.9 volatile tectonic processes Hada’s project, please view ronment in Nepal’s Ilam magnitude earthquake. impacting populated areas. associated documents at and Taplejung districts. Nepal is vulnerable to In April 2014, the Nepal http://www.errrp.org.np/ In September 2011, these earthquake damage due to government and UNDP document/publication/fi le/.

www.apcss.org 21 CHANGing the world

Items shown here represent the results of the Asia-Pacifi c Center for Secu- 22 CURRENTS Fall 2014rity Studies’ world-changing education and workshop programs. For more detail, see text and chart on page 20. www.apcss.org 23 Workshops

Combating extremism Manila workshop emphasizes info & intel sharing

n Asia-Pacifi c Center for Se- curity Studies (APCSS) out- Areach team conducted a three- day workshop entitled “Exploiting the Crime-Terror Nexus: Combating Vio- lent Extremism through Multisectoral Information and Intelligence Sharing” in Manila, Philippines, Feb. 11-13. The workshop consisted of 51 participants from the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. The National Defense College of the Philippines co-hosted the event. Vice President of the Philippines Jejomar Binay and U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines (Top) Fifty-one security practitioners from the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia took Phillip S. Goldberg attended opening part in the Crime-Terror Nexus workshop in Manila. (Bottom) Participants provide input ceremonies. on issues associated with internal and multilateral intelligence sharing. The APCSS-NDCP workshop team emphasized violent extremist groups’ linkage may improve detection, track- extremism and organized crime. They deepening involvement in various ing and infi ltration. looked at challenges and opportunities, transnational criminal activities. “(Terrorists’) deeper involvement national policy and legal guidance, and These activities include illicit weap- in traditional criminal activity may stakeholders’ roles and responsibilities. ons and drugs distribution, money make it easier to track them. For ex- They then developed measures to ex- laundering and human traffi cking; all ample, criminal informants are much ploit the crime-terror linkage through of which provide funding for terrorist easier to develop than the ‘true believ- improved information and intelligence activity. ers’ who fi ll the ranks of terrorists sharing internally and multilaterally. Compounding the problem is crime groups; and, criminal acts attract atten- Fouse noted that participants’ “globalization” fostered in part by tion and widen chances that terrorists post-workshop briefs refl ected “solid technological changes in transporta- will make mistakes,” explained Fouse, understanding of the importance of tion and communication, and new who served as APCSS team lead. cross-sharing information, and laws industrial vulnerabilities, such as cy- Teams from participating coun- and regulations that defi ne sharing pro- bercrime. tries assessed existing interagency cesses.” However, APCSS professor Dr. processes for sharing information and The APCSS-NDCP workshop was David Fouse said the crime-terror intelligence associated with countering held conjointly with a conference or-

24 CURRENTS Fall 2014 ganized by the International Criminal conducted a webinar with Comprehen- Investigation Training and Assistance sive Security Responses to Terrorism Program of the U.S. Justice Depart- Fellows worldwide over the internet ment. Titled “Investigation and De- with a live audience of more than 50 velopment of Terrorist Related Cases,” APCSS Filipino alumni. the event drew participants from the During the webinar, APCSS Dean same three countries. Carleton Cramer, who headed the The two events maximized net- workshop outreach team, updated working opportunities for the 100 Fellows on Center activities and pre- shared participants through shared sented fi rst-ever Alumni Achievement Dr. David Fouse was APCSS academic presentations, joint working lunches, team lead for the Feb. 11-13 workshop. Awards to professor Charie Joaquin combined opening and closing cer- and Jose Tale for their contributions emonies, and a welcome reception for Following closing ceremonies, to the Philippines APCSS Alunmi As- both events. APCSS alumni chief John Gasner sociation.

Team conducts exchanges in Pacifi c Latin America

team of four Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security Studies A faculty members traveled to Columbia and Chile in March to strengthen partnerships with the two Pacifi c Latin American na- tions. Center Director Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf led a team comprised of professors Dr. Rouben Azizian, Dr. Justin Nankivell, and Lt. Nicholas Matcheck. The four took part in, or fa- cilitated workshops, lectures and offi ce visits with a fi ve-fold pur- pose: observe the status of the na- Members of an APCSS team, led by Center director Lt. Gen. (Ret) Dan Leaf, met with tions’ security sector development; Chile’s Senate Defense Committee. The group discussed, in part, improving humani- tarian assistance planning and response. share education philosophies and processes; brief on major security- lege and Military University Nueva and Army War Colleges and met with related issues in the Asia-Pacifi c Granada. They engaged with more members of Chile’s Senate Defense region; make contact with past than 200 host-nation defense, po- Committee. APCSS alumni; and recruit future litical and embassy offi cials. Leaf said he’s optimistic about fu- Fellows. In Chile, March 30 to April 5, ture interaction. “The professors, stu- In Bogota, Colombia, March the team focused on similar top- dents, military offi cers, and politicians 26-29, the team addressed topics, ics, to include the U.S. Rebalance we met displayed knowledge and curi- such as the rise of China, regional to Asia and International Court of osity of the Asia-Pacifi c region. And, security architecture, and World- Justice decisions impacting the they intuitively understand the impor- wide Support for Development Asia-Pacifi c region. They conduct- tance of future Pacifi c Latin American (WSD), at the Colombian War col- ed events at the nations’s Navy, Air engagement in the region,” said Leaf.

www.apcss.org 25 Workshops Relationship building the Impacts of Climate China outreach Related Global Change.” a step toward The Chinese Academy of Sciences Cold and Arid ‘strategic trust’ Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute served as co-host. By Herman F. Finley The engagements were APCSS Faculty linked by the idea of mov- here is wide-spread ing from purely academic consensus that the discussions to identifying TUnited States-China practical measures de- relationship is fundamental Professor Wang Rongjun, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences’ signed to build strategic to Asia-Pacifi c regional Institute of American Studies, discusses issues associated with trust for a positive and U.S.-China relations as APCSS’ Dr. Mohan Malik looks on. and global security in the constructive relationship. coming decades. Essential considerable attention over The fi rst, a workshop Both workshops em- to the success of these na- the past few years. How- titled “Building Strategic ployed a “whole of soci- tional ties is trust, the sense ever, Chinese and American Trust,” took place Nov. 20- ety” approach to share per- that the “other side” will act scholars and policy makers 21, 2013, in Beijing. The spectives across a diverse in good faith. seem willing to discuss vital Institute of American Stud- set of security practitioners “Strategic trust” is a politico-military, socio-eco- ies of the Chinese Academy and academics. The work- level of trust applied to the nomic and cultural issues of Social Sciences served as shops also built a solid highest and most important impacting current and future co-host. basis for future APCSS issues in the bi-lateral rela- levels of trust. APCSS conducted a sec- events in China. tionship. The idea of stra- The Asia-Pacifi c Center ond workshop Nov. 22-25, The willingness by tegic mistrust contributing for Security Studies fa- 2013, in Lanzhou, China, on both sides to discuss what to recurrent diffi culties in cilitated such discussions in the topic of “Effective Secu- some might view as politi- the relationship has gained two Chinese cities. rity Governance to Address cally sensitive issues (the role of third parties) and internal issues (climate adaptation measures) was, in itself, a trust-building effort.

Beijing session In Beijing, workshop participants included rep- resentatives from the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, the Chinese People’s Libera- tion Army, and Chinese Professor Liu Deshou, IAS, listens on as Daniel Piccutta, former U.S. deputy chief of mission in and U.S. scholars. They China, provides input at the “Building Strategic Trust” workshop in Beijing. At right, APCSS faculty gained a deeper under- member Dr. Virginia Watson views a village mock-up at a Lanzhou facility. 26 CURRENTS Fall 2014 An APCSS team paired with Chinese Academy of Sciences institutes for workshops in Beijing (left) and Lanzhou (right). Both work- shops helped participants explore measures to improve U.S.-China relations. standing of the current state Institute for International cooperation (expand and multilateral institutions and of strategic trust between Strategic Studies. increase frequency) regional cooperation the two countries. Through the set of work-  Enhancing existing  Coordination of crisis Participants discussed shops, participants from personal relations between management and response China’s perspective on the two sides developed leaders training progress following the Xi- understanding of challenges Obama Summit; cooperat- and opportunities involved  Positive 3rd party rela-  Increasing PLA and U.S. military joint exercises/ ing on anti-piracy opera- in building strategic trust. tions with both nations dialogue, such as RIMPAC tions in the Horn of Africa; They included:  Cooperation on avoid- the role of third parties in ing militarization of outer  Education exchanges in shaping trust; and trust in Challenges space and the Arctic Ocean military-focused educational the context of North Korea institutions  Internal constraints and  Management of Trans- issues. bureaucracies national security issues  Prioritization of dia- logue channels (energy, Meeting in Lanzhou  Economics (i.e. HA/DR, anti-piracy; traffi cking, climate change, cyber, etc.) In Lanzhou, representa-  Domestic public opin- ions/laws/policies/media internet crime (cyber) These workshops were tives shared knowledge on the latest in APCSS’s on-  Cooperation on dealing climate change adaptation  Differing interpretations with African instability/wars going process of engaging within the Asia-Pacifi c se- of history on specifi c issues in meaningful dialogue curity environment. This  Cooperation on interna-  Lack of effective multi- with offi cials and academ- included discussions on lateral security institutions tional hot spots ics from the Asia-Pacifi c possible roles for national in Asia region. security forces and the need Operational-level (near-term)  Potential misperceptions It was particularly grati- for greater dialogue between  Visits by U.S. and Chi- of behavior in the context fying for the APCSS team scientists and national secu- na leadership to symbolic of shifting perceptions of to see the level of support rity policy makers. Partici- sites national power in Beijing and Lanzhou for pants also developed a draft  Collaboration between continuing to focus on top-  Politically sensitive is- concept and proposal for a ics, such as strategic trust sues where nations may not think tanks and academic Fiscal Year 2015 workshop. and climate change adapta- be prepared to make conces- facilities In addition to APCSS tion. and CAREERI staff, par- sions  Strengthening the Mili- APCSS has begun to ticipants included faculty or tary Maritime Consultative Opportunities actively plan next year’s staff from the U.S. National Agreement discussions with hopes of Strategic-level Center for Atmospheric  Integrating bilateral extending the scope to mul- Research and the Shanghai  Military-to-military trust-building into existing tinational participation.

www.apcss.org 27 Workshops Collaborating on crises India, Japan, U.S. reps gather to build disaster ops cooperation

apid population from the U.S. Agency for growth in the Asia- International Development, RPacifi c region’s Offi ce of the Secretary of high-risk earthquake zones, Defense, and the Center for and fl ood-prone coastal and Excellence in Disaster Man- urban areas makes the area agement & Humanitarian especially vulnerable to Assistance. natural disaster impacts. Specifi c country teams Mitigating these impacts met fi rst to solidify their hinges on multi-national understanding of and docu- cooperation, according to ment their nations’ HA/DR Jessica Ear, professor and policies, practices and is- disaster management expert sues. The APCSS facilitator with the Asia-Pacifi c Center team used these fi ndings to for Security Studies. frame broad discussions on “Large-scale disasters, the current state of trilateral such as the 2011 Japan cooperation. earthquake and tsunami and The team then intro- 2013 Typhoon Haiyan, il- duced a disaster response lustrated how international exercise focused on a dense- support and partnerships ly populated fl ood-plagued can save lives and alleviate delta. The scenario chal- suffering.” lenged participants to walk Sixteen participants from through required disaster- India, Japan and the United related processes in order to States gathered at the APC- refi ne their understanding of SS for a workshop May 19- HA/DR collaboration; iden- 21 to enhance collaboration tify associated challenges in regional humanitarian and opportunities; and assistance and disaster man- develop steps to increase agement processes. (Top) Offi cials from India, Japan and the United States discuss cooperation. Titled “India-Japan-U.S. opportunities to stengthen trilateral disaster preparation and re- Adding complications Trilateral Cooperation,” the covery cooperation. Participants included APCSS Deputy Direc- tor Lt. Gen. (Ret.) James Hirai (middle left), Japan Ministry of For- in terms of disease, food event enabled participants eign Affairs representative Yukiko Fujisawa (middle right), and K. availability and economic to share HA/DR perspec- Nandini, from India’s Ministry of External Affairs (bottom middle). impact, the APCSS team tives through guided dis- moved the fl ood scenario cussions and a “tabletop” National Response Force fairs and Defense, and the ahead fi ve days in the ex- disaster exercise. and its embassy in Wash- Japan International Cooper- ercise’s Phase 2. The pro- Taking part were repre- ington. Japan participants ation Agency. In addition to gression prompted teams sentatives of India’s Min- included members of the key APCSS staff, U.S. par- to employ and refi ne their istry of External Affairs, Ministries of Foreign Af- ticipants included offi cials Phase 1 fi ndings to answer

28 CURRENTS Fall 2014 questions, such as: What trilateral meetings have other concerns or regional Large-scale predominantly focused implications should trilater- disasters...illustrated on strategic dialogue, but al partners consider? Given how international could result in more sub- the evolved scenario, what stantive security coopera- are the priority areas for a support and tion in areas, such as HA/ trilateral response? partnerships can DR,” said Hornung. “Discussion on scenarios save lives and He added, “These allowed us to bring synergy alleviate suffering. events seek to harmonize into the thought processes the three nations’ under- - Jessica Ear of the three partners,” one APCSS HA/DR Expert standing of challenges, participant said, adding that threats and areas of coop- inputs will help solidify eration that contribute to the future trilateral HA/DR cue operations. already mostly covered by peace and stability in the framework. APCSS’ Dr. Jeffrey national and international region, of which HA/DR Participants identifi ed Hornung, who served as a norms.” is a key element.” potential cooperation oppor- workshop co-lead alongside Dialogues are rooted in The APCSS conducted tunities, to include academic Ear, added that key players each government’s belief the May event in coop- and subject matter expert “generally agreed coop- the three nations share com- eration with the Offi ce of exchanges; shared recovery eration focus should be on mon interests and would the Assistant Secretary of and developmental efforts; preparation and recovery; benefi t from a deeper strate- Defense for Asian and Pa- information sharing; and the third phase of HA/DR gic partnership. cifi c Security Affairs and conducting search and res- operations, response, is “The India-Japan-U.S. the Department of State. U.S. PACOM Photo U.S. PACOM USN photo by MC1C Matthew Bradley USMC photo by Staff Sgt. Wayne Gray Sgt. Wayne USMC photo by Staff (Left) Northeast Japan suffered monumental damage from a 2011 tsunami generated by an earthquake. (Middle) a Filipino soldier distributes food to Philippine citizens displaced by Typhoon Haiyan. (Right) A Pakistan town inundated by a 2010 fl ood.

In its Statistical Yearbook for Dr. Jeffrey Hornung, Asia-Pacifi c 2011, the United Nations Economic Asia-Pacifi c region Center for Security Studies faculty and Social Commission for Asia and no stranger to member, noted, “The number of the Pacifi c states that from 2001 to people affected by disasters is esti- 2010, disasters affected 200 million natural disasters mated to increase as rapid growth and people in the Asia-Pacifi c region. development leaves populations more That number, according to the suffered roughly $35 billion in disas- exposed to hazards. United Nations, accounted for 90 ter-related damage. Residents in the “This makes efforts, such as the percent of all people impacted region’s low-income countries were May humanitarian response/disaster worldwide. The U.N. notes that impacted at a rate 30 times higher response exercise, a key aspect of In- during the same period, the region than their richer neighbors. dia, Japan, U.S. trilateral meetings.”

www.apcss.org 29 Workshops

around the world. Meeting in Myanmar Facilitated discussions gave par- ticipants an opportunity to share their Workshop emphasizes enhanced experiences and recommend specifi c measures that may be taken to enhance security, governance practices security and governance in Myanmar and in the region. By workshop’s end, participants were able to identify relevant prin- ciples, best practices, and lessons learned from case studies and to apply them to the current transitional envi- ronment in Myanmar. They identifi ed key areas of success and remaining gaps within the existing system. Most importantly, they took owner- ship of the process of security sector development and enhanced civil- military relations by demonstrating a commitment to expanding and imple- menting these principles and practices long after the workshop. To that end, the workshop con- cluded with briefi ngs by participants of their shared fi ndings and recom- mended next steps for Myanmar. Dr. Miemie Byrd, APCSS aca- demic lead, stated, “This workshop outcome exceeded my wildest dreams and expectations. I felt we were able to put some of the security sector and civil-military relations concepts in terms they could relate to and, as such, Thirty people took part in the Comprehensive Security Sector Development in Myanmar they seemed to have internalized them workshop. APCSS’ Dr. Rouben Azizian (left) leads discussions in a breakout session. Dr. Mieme Byrd served as academic lead for the Myanmar event. based on their quality recommenda- tions and next steps at the end of the ecent democratic changes in hosted a workshop entitled “Compre- workshop.” Myanmar have ushered in hensive Security Sector Development Looking to the future, APCSS Di- Rreevaluation of its comprehen- in Myanmar” Aug. 18-22, 2014, in rector Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf said, sive security needs in terms of nation- Naypyitaw, Myanmar. “This workshop was carefully de- al, transnational, and human security. The workshop provided an oppor- signed and executed to enhance Myan- In the run up to the 2015 election, tunity for the over 30 Myanmar par- mar’s commitment to a rule-of-law- Myanmar’s security sector is trans- ticipants to expand their understanding based security sector, characterized by forming to meet the nation’s new secu- of the concepts and best practices legitimacy and accountability. rity and political priorities. of security sector development and “Participants were very well- The Asia-Pacifi c Center for Securi- modern civil-military relations by ex- prepared, eager, and earnest – I look ty Studies, in cooperation with the Na- amining a variety of experiences from forward to seeing the progress enabled tional Defence College of Myanmar, other countries in the region and from by this important engagement.”

30 CURRENTS Fall 2014 Pacifi c islands security focus of Vanuatu workshop xamining the effec- tiveness of regional Esecurity cooperation and the broader regional security architectures in the Pacifi c Islands region was the focus of a workshop held in Port Vila, Vanuatu, Aug. 4-8, 2014. The Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security Studies and the Pacifi c Institute of Public Policy hosted the workshop titled “Regional Security Governance and Architec- Forty-eight participants from 21 locations addressed security cooperation issues in the Pacifi c Is- ture in the Pacifi c Islands lands region during an August workshop in Vanuatu. Region: Priorities for a Re- silient Future.” noted the event coincided Regional Pacifi c Center; the mon Islands -- very, very Forty-eight participants with Secretary of State John Pacifi c Institute for Public useful...It was relevant to from 21 nations and ter- Kerry’s recent trip to the re- Policy; and FemLINKPA- the work of the Ministry ritories, and six regional gion and his speech in Ho- CIFIC, an important region- of Foreign Affairs and our international organizations nolulu promoting regional al non-governmental orga- national security environ- shared their understand- cooperation. nization addressing work ment.” ing of regional issues and Participating security related to United Nations Jino added, “Solomon recommended specifi c mea- practitioners and experts Security Council Resolution Islands is working on a new sures to enhance security came from Australia, China, 1325 on Women, Peace and security policy, and this and governance. the Federated States of Security. workshop will help a lot in “The workshop was a Micronesia, Fiji, France, The diversity of exper- our understanding some of good opportunity to assess Guam, and Indonesia. tise and experience present the security issues that need the regional security archi- They also came from Ja- helped shape potential near- to be addressed, not only tecture and highlight the pan, Kiribati, Nauru, New and long-term benefi ts for for Solomon Islands, but in growing linkages between Zealand, Niue, Papua New the Pacifi c Islands region. relation to the region.” development and security Guinea, the Republic of the Dr. Rouben Azizian, At workshop’s end, par- and ways nations can also Marshall Islands, Samoa, APCSS academic lead, ticipants briefed to senior strengthen their internal Solomon Islands, Taiwan, stated, “The workshop en- offi cials their fi ndings and peace-building processes,” Tonga, Tuvalu, the United abled participants to build recommended steps for said Derek Brien, PiPP ex- States, and Vanuatu. multinational and whole- enhancing regional coopera- ecutive director. Pivotal regional or- of-government professional tion. Among those briefed Vanuatu Prime Minis- ganizations represented contacts for future collabo- was a representative of the ter Joe Natuman and, via included the Secretariat of ration.” important Pacifi c Islands video, Walter North, U.S. the Pacifi c Community and Permanent Secretary, Forum. Ambassador to Papua New the Melanesian Spearhead Mr. Beraki Jino, of Solo- APCSS’ next workshop Guinea, Solomon Islands Group. mon Islands Ministry of in Oceania will be a Secu- and Vanuatu, opened the Also present were mem- Foreign Affairs, added, “I rity Sector Development workshop. Carleton Cram- bers of the United Nations think the workshop was Workshop in Fiji next sum- er, APCSS academic dean, Development Programme -- particularly for the Solo- mer.

www.apcss.org 31 Workshops

aritime Security was a key takeaway from is one of several Gulf of Thailand workshop the August workshop. Mfocus areas for addresses resource security According to Dr. Lori the Asia-Pacifi c Center for Forman, APCSS develop- Security Studies. APCSS ment advisor and professor, partnered with the World participants’ sense of shared Ocean Council to conduct a marine geography quickly multi-national workshop on pulled them together into preserving the Gulf of Thai- meaningful and actionable land’s maritime assets Aug. dialogue. The group addressed the 12-14 in Singapore. region’s strategic challeng- Titled “Enhancing Mari- es, then began discussions time Resource Security: A about future collaborative Cross-sectoral Dialogue for measures to address them. the Gulf of Thailand Initia- “Knowing fi rst-hand tive,” the workshop enabled what is at stake, represen- offi cials from four coastal tatives developed a menu nations to address the an- of interagency and multi- ticipated impacts of devel- sectoral actions needed to oping trends in the marine secure the gulf’s maritime industries most active in Attendees of the “Enhancing Maritime Resource Security: A Cross-sectoral Dialogue for the Gulf of Thailand Initiative,” work- resources,” said Forman, an GoT waters over the next shop are pictured with APCSS Director Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf. expert on international eco- three to fi ve years. nomic development. Participants were from gas activity, shipping and teamed government offi cials She added that such ac- Cambodia, Malaysia, Thai- port operations, and coastal from maritime law enforce- tions could benefi t millions land, and Vietnam. development. ment, and transportation and of people depending directly The seminar was part Those involved in the trade agencies with their on GoT waters for food, of an ongoing international GOTI seek to ensure that private sector counterparts trade and employment. effort (GoTI) funded by the economic activity in Gulf and subject matter experts. “Ultimately, the health of U.S. State Department to waters can be sustained Fifty-fi ve people took part the Gulf’s marine resources support Gulf of Thailand long-term through broad- in the event. is essential to their nations’ states as they work to effec- based development plan- A Vietnam participant long-term prosperity, stabil- tively manage the impacts ning. related that integrated coast- ity and security,” Forman of fi sheries, offshore oil and The three-day workshop al and ocean management said.

The workshop titled “Enhancing Maritime Resource Security: A Cross-sectoral Dialogue for the Gulf of Thailand Initiative,” enabled at- tendees to discuss means to preserve resources in the area.

32 CURRENTS Fall 2014 conferences

APCSS profs attend global anti-crime events Conference on Transnational Crime and Terrorism highlights need for info sharing Dr. David Fouse, a pro- ism, human traffi cking and to cooperate for “business” fessor with the Asia-Pacifi c smuggling, counterfeiting, purposes. Center for Security Studies, fraud, and cybercrime. This makes it all the attended the International Conference keynote more important for law en- Conference on Transna- speakers highlighted the forcement agencies to share tional Crime and Terrorism growing problem of transna- information and establish (ICTOCT) in Las Vegas, tional crime organizations’ their own networks in order April 13-18, 2014. ability to launder their sub- to combat the rising tide of Below is an edited ex- stantial illicit proceeds and organized crime. cerpt from his report. invest in sensitive areas of Many conference pre- Sponsored this year by the legitimate economy. sentations included case the Las Vegas Metropolitan With billions of dollars studies of recently com- Police Department and Fed- Dr. David Fouse of annual profi ts to invest, pleted investigations. These eral Bureau of Investiga- transnational crime organi- emphasized the use of law tion, the ICTOCT is one of cret Service, Immigration zations are now moving into enforcement networks and the largest elite law enforce- and Customs Enforcement, the manipulation of securi- multiagency task forces in ment gatherings worldwide and Drug Enforcement Ad- ties exchanges to further combating transnational with international delegates ministration (among others). increase their impact on the crime and terrorism...Read representing law enforce- The conference featured legitimate economy. the full article at https:// ment agencies from many plenary sessions and elec- Speakers also raised www.apcsslink.org/news- countries worldwide. tives taught by specialists concerns about transnational story/international-confer- Participating U.S. agen- on various Asian crime crime organizations willing- ence-transnational-crime- cies included the FBI, Se- organizations, narco-terror- ness to cross ethnic lines and-terrorism. Sovereign Challenge Conference focuses on illicit criminal networks, violent extremism APCSS professors Dr. was timely and appropriate. tional relationships, and the David Fouse and Dr. Alfred The conference featured admiral made a compelling Oehlers attended the 2014 a stimulating program of case for persistent engage- Sovereign Challenge Con- speakers and discussions. ment to counter illicit crimi- ference held at National Admiral William H. McRa- nal and terrorist networks. Defense University, Wash- ven, then USSOCOM Com- Through illuminating ington D.C., April 22-24. mander, set the tone with a presentations, it became The following is an edit- keynote address. He chal- very clear how non-state ed exerpt from their report. lenged the audience with a actors and their emerging Hosted by U.S. Special global threat assessment, power posed serious threats Operations Command, this emphasizing the need for to the sovereignty of inde- was the twelfth in the series whole-of-government ap- pendent nations. Corrosive of Sovereign Challenge proaches and international practices, such as corrup- conferences. This year’s Dr. Alfred Oehlers partnerships to successfully tion, undermined effective conference focused on con- At a time when there counter the threat posed by governance...Read the full nections between illicit net- is growing recognition of non-state actors. article at https://www.apc- works, violent extremism, evolving networks tying to- Trust remains a critical sslink.org/news-story/apcss- and the power of non-state gether organized crime and ingredient in nurturing such faculty-attend-sovereign- actors. terrorist groups, this focus interagency and interna- challenge-conference. www.apcss.org 33 Faculty writings

APCSS faculty members wrote the fol- and congressional testimony detailing alliance based solely on capacities. lowing articles and papers in their ca- the broad outlines of the U.S. effort. Watson believes that the nexus of pacity as subject matter experts. The A major emphasis point within the views expressed in these articles are energy-environment-economics sug- those of the authors alone. All listed strategy is for the United States to rely gests that a systematic approach to writings are available on-line. more heavily on friends and allies, these transnational security issues will particularly long-time partner Japan. provide better and more comprehen- SCO: A Tenable Provider Hornung relates that throughout sive solutions for the future. of Security in Post-2014 Japan’s government, offi cials carry a You can read the full paper online mixed-bag of views on the rebalance, here: http://www.apcss.org/wp-con- Central Asia? categorized roughly into three tent/uploads/2014/04/Paper-Watson- In this paper, Dr. Jeffrey Reeves categories: welcoming, questioning, STRinAsia-2014.pdf. discusses whether, and to what and uncertainty. degree, the Shanghai Cooperation You can read the complete China and Strategic Organisation (SCO) article on-line at http://www.apcss. Imbalance org/editorial-tokyos-view-of-the- can fi ll the role of Dr. Mohan Malik writes u-s-rebalance. Among Hornung’s security provider the recent Shangri-la meeting in other recent articles are: “The East for future Central Singapore saw sharp China Sea Boils: China and Japan’s Asia. He contrasts the exchanges between dangerous dance;” “Japan’s Defense SCO’s strengths and Chinese and other Change, Context is Everything;” and weaknesses against participants, revealing Japan’s Growing Hard Hedge Against potential (and probable) China’s increasing China.” insecurity in the Central Asian region willingness to to fl ex following withdrawal of the majority its politico-military of International Security Assistance Exploring Resource muscle. Forces’ (ISAF) troops by the end of Security Policy and The following is an excerpt from 2014. The article concludes with Green Science & Malik’s article: policy suggestions that could augment Beijing’s deployment of an oil the SCO’s weaknesses and make it a Technology in Asia rig protected by more than 80 naval more formidable security actor. The scientifi c and technological vessels in the South China Sea four You can read the article online at: dimensions of resource scarcity chal- days after President Barack Obama’s http://www.apcss.org/wp-content/ lenges and how govern- “reassurance trip” to China’s East uploads/2014/06/SCO-REEVES-2014. ments are looking for Asian neighbors in April 2014 was pdf. Reeves also recently authored ways to meet these chal- widely seen as a deliberate and “Structural Power, the Copenhagen lenges are examined in calculated provocation. Yet China’s School and Threats to Chinese a paper by Dr. Virginia move fi ts a pattern of advancing Security,” and the opinion piece Bacay Watson called territorial claims on its periphery “Resource Security and Tokyo’s View of the U.S. through coercion, intimidation, and Green Science & Tech- the threat of force through what may Rebalance nology Policy in Asia.” be called “paramilitary operations Dr. Jeffrey Hornung discusses In her paper, Watson states that short of war.” the Obama Administration’s rebalance “with their focus on advancing green China’s drilling rig is also a to the Asia-Pacifi c capabilities, the emerging economies political statement of Beijing’s region. He writes of Asia will become major sources of resolve and capability to control and that administration indigenous, clean-technology innova- exploit the South China Sea and deny offi cials have made tions.” it to others – and this message is repeated efforts to She also discusses how strategic meant as much for Washington as for promote the strategy, alliances’ coalescing around scarce re- Tokyo, Hanoi, Manila, Jakarta, and including speeches sources is distinctly different from an New Delhi.

34 CURRENTS Fall 2014 While exploring oil in the Best Practices Crossing reshaping the modern relationships of disputed waters, the $1 billion oil the Pacifi c: Security Sec- civil-military relations, security practi- rig is supposedly drilling a big hole tioners in Asia-Pacifi c states would do in Washington’s “pivot strategy” tor Development from the well by evaluating models outside of insofar as it undermines Washington’s Andes to Asia the Western, European, and African re- credibility as regional security anchor In his latest paper on Security Sec- gions, turning their focus also to South or security guarantor. tor Reform, Dr. Justin Nankivell American case studies.” Beijing calculates that neither the discusses how Chile serves as a good Nankivell points out three criti- mighty United States nor China’s model for nations in the cal areas of reform that are essential weak and small neighbors would Asia-Pacifi c region. as governments attempt to transform respond with force to counter Chinese According to Nan- their security sectors. They include incremental efforts to turn the South kivell, “as the Asia- legislative openness and political China Sea (SCS) into a “Chinese Pacifi c region continues inclusion; mutual understanding and lake.” its momentous rise in transparency; and the role of the Min- For the full article, go to: http:// the 21st century, issues of internal se- istry of Defense. thediplomat.com/2014/07/china- curity sector governance and security You can read the full paper at and-strategic-imbalance/. Malik sector transformation have become http://www.apcss.org/wp-content/ also recently authored “Stakes are increasingly paramount. While many uploads/2014/04/Analysis-NankivellJ- high in Asia’s Changing Geopolitical Asia-Pacifi c states in the area of se- April2014.pdf. Landscape,” and “Historical fi ction: curity sector development serve as China’s South China Sea Claims.” rich laboratories of best practices in (Writings continued on Page 42)

By Dr. Lora Saalman Independent Faculty Research Given its lower threshold of ta- A close examination of Chinese boo on use, Chinese analysts tend scientifi c journals reveals emerging Prompt Global Strike: to view U.S. PGS as a threat to perspectives on prompt global strike Beijing’s conventional and nuclear (PGS). China and the Spear weapons systems, as well as its As Chinese offi cial defense command and control centers. With white papers have become shorter in the breadth of U.S. platforms de- fi ned as PGS-related systems in Chi- length, technical journals provide a na, its analysts have not ruled out clearer window into threat percep- their delivery of nuclear weapons. tions and direction of Chinese mili- Despite its criticism of the tary modernization. United States, China’s BMD tests in They reveal that technical and 2008 and 2010, as well as its own military institutes in China are con- test moving towards PGS in 2014, ducting substantial research into show that it is seeking similar sys- both countering and developing strategic details, refl ecting a broader tems. hypersonic, precision-guidance, and shift to integrate strategic departments If the same ideas on preemption boost-glide technologies. into its technical institutes. are applied to China’s own PGS, The amount of this research Chinese analysts view PGS as then its nuclear posture may change, dwarfs that heretofore available part of a larger U.S. effort to achieve whether declared or not. on their ballistic missile defense “absolute security,” with BMD as the Read the entire paper at http:// (BMD)-related technologies. In con- shield and PGS as the sword, such www.apcss.org/wp-content/up- trast to BMD, Chinese PGS-oriented that Washington is able to act preemp- loads/2014/04/APCSS_Saalman_ literature combines scientifi c and tively. PGS_China_Apr2014.pdf.

www.apcss.org 35 Alumni News

rank of rear admiral. infantry brigade. rank of captain. PROMOTIONS M. Naim Hassan, TSC10- Mohammad Makbul Hos- Nem Sowath, SEC08-1, was 1, was promoted to air vice sain, CCM08-1, was pro- promoted to general. BANGLADESH marshal and he continues to moted to rear admiral and Soeung Samnang, SEC06- Mizanur Rahman Sha- serve as Air Offi cer Com- appointed director general 2, was promoted to general. meem, CSRT06-3, was manding Bangladesh Air of the Bangladesh Coast Khun Vuth, SEC06-3, was promoted to brigadier gen- Force Base, Bashar, Dhaka. Guard. promoted to general. eral and is commanding an Mizanur Rahman Sha- infantry brigade. CAMBODIA meem, CSRT06-3, was pro- Nguon Sok, CSRT09-1, was promoted to major general Baten A.S.M. Abdul, moted to brigadier general Chhoeuth Polrith, EC07-2, was promoted to and selected to command an CCM13-1, was promoted to Ken Sosavoeun, CSRT04-

APCSS Director Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf (center) and John Gasner (right of center), chief of the Center’s alumni division, are pictured with a Nepal contingent that included members of it’s APCSS alumni association. APCSS selects Nepal org as top alumni association The Alumni Association of Nepal is the Asia-Pacifi c mental organization. NGOs are non-profi t entities Center for Strategic Studies Alumni Association of the typically formed by people with common interests Year for 2013. The group is best among 57 APCSS to advocate and monitor policies; provide volunteer alumni associations worldwide. services to select local, regional and/or international Center Director Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf presented a communities; and offer analysis and expertise to letter of appreciation to key association members during various agencies and organizations. May travel to the region. Among alumni present were The Nepal association enhanced members’ re- Sushil Kumar Pant, association president; Balananda gional knowledge and infl uence capability by con- Sharma, association vice president; and Chunamani ducting a conference on the U.S. “Rebalance” to the Bhattarai, association general secretary. Asia-Pacifi c region, and a roundtable discussion on The group’s achievements include being the only voters and polling security for the nation’s presiden- alumni association to formally register as a non-govern- tial elections.

36 CURRENTS Fall 2014 Alumni Associations 2, was promoted to major to colonel and posted as na- Tan Kok Kwee, CCM14-1, Afghanistan general. val attaché in Singapore. American Samoa was promoted to First Ad- Australia Heisela Uk, CSRT05-2, miral (Maritime). Bangladesh JAPAN Bhutan was promoted to major gen- MALDIVES Eiichi Funada, SEC07-2, Cambodia* eral. Cameroon was promoted to vice ad- Dara Sam, CSRT06-1, was Lt. Col. (Ret.) Ibrahim Canada miral and appointed Com- Chile promoted to brigadier gen- Afzal, EC05-2 and OR10-1, mander of Japan’s Self China eral. was promoted as Division Defense Fleet located in Head of Corporate Services Colombia Say Sovin, ASC09-2, was Comoros ** Yokosuka City, Japan. Division of the Maldives Cook Islands promoted to brigadier gen- Shigeru Kobayashi, EC03- Ports Ltd. Fiji eral. 1, was promoted to lieuten- Inaya Fathimath, ASC10- Guam Leangsong Buth, ASC10- Hong Kong ant general and appointed 1, was promoted as Deputy India 1, was promoted to briga- Commander of the 3rd Di- Minister of Foreign Affairs. Indonesia dier general. vision, Japan Self Defense Iraq Zenysha Zaki, ASC10-1, Force. Japan FIJI was promoted as Deputy Jordan Tomohiko Madono, EC06- Director, Ministry of For- Kazakhstan Isireli Nataqa, ASC11-2, 2, was promoted to rear ad- eign Affairs. Lao PDR was promoted to Deputy miral and assigned as Wing Lebanon Superintendent of Correc- Hussain Waheed, SSD10- Madagascar** Commander 2. Malaysia tions. 1, was promoted as Com- missioner of Police. Maldives KOREA Marshall Islands INDIA Myanmar Mauritius** Ojeong Kwon, EC04-2, Micronesia Amit Tiwari, EC05-2, was was promoted to brigadier Kyaw Win, ASC14-1, was Mongolia promoted to air vice mar- general. Mozambique shal and selected as an Air promoted to police brigadier Myanmar Youngkwan Ryu, EC05-2, Defense Commander. general and appointed Com- Nepal was promoted to brigadier mander of Drug Enforce- New Zealand Michael Fernandez, EC05- general. ment Division. Pakistan 3, was promoted to air vice Palau marshal and appointed As- MADAGASCAR PAPUA NEW Papua New Guinea GUINEA Peru sistant Chief of Air Staff. Rarasoa Ralaialomady Philippines Vikas Wahi, CSRT14-1, Fils Ramamonjisoa, EC05- Republic of Korea Gilbert Toropo, EC03-3, Russia & Far East Russia was promoted to group cap- 1, was promoted to briga- was promoted to brigadier Samoa tain. dier general and appointed general and appointed Chief Singapore Dalbir Singh, EC05-2, was Director of Information of Defense. Solomon Islands Sri Lanka promoted to general and and Communication in the Armed Forces Ministry. PAKISTAN Taiwan appointed Chief of Army. Tanzania He was also awarded the Jacques Ramarosandy, Adnan Baluch, CCM11- Thailand Param Visisht Seva Medal, EC05-3, was promoted to 1, was promoted to com- Timor-Leste Tonga the highest award for distin- brigadier general. modore and is attending Tuvalu guished service in the army. National Defense College at Vanuatu MALAYSIA Lemhanas, Indonesia. Vietnam INDONESIA U.S. (D.C. & Hawaii) Mohamad Zaki HJ Rashid Imran Khan, Marihot Napitupulu, Hamzah, ASC10-1, was ASC09-1, was promoted to * Informal group CSRT08-1, was promoted promoted to major general. group captain. ** Joint alumni association with the Africa Center

www.apcss.org 37 Alumni news

PHILIPPINES EC05-1, was promoted to Bangladesh Fiji air vice marshal and ap- Noli Talino, ASC12-1, was Commander Rezaul SSP Pariniappa Goundar, pointed chief of staff of the promoted as police chief Hasan, CSRT06-3, is the ASC11-2, is serving as the Air Force. superintendent. executive offi cer aboard the Fiji contingent commander BNS Titumur. for the United Nations Mis- Director Rodrigo De Gra- Udayanta Wijeratne, sion in Liberia. cia, EC07-1, was promoted CSRT07-1, was promoted Wing Commander Readad as police director (2-star), to major general and ap- Hossain, CSRT07-1, is pri- Akuila Bulivono Na- Philippine National Police. pointed as the general of- vate secretary to the chief of makadre, ASC10-1, was fi cer commanding the 54th appointed deputy commis- Col. Arthur Abadilla, Air Staff. sioner of the Fiji Correc- EC97-2, was promoted to Division. Commodore Abedin Syed, tions Service. assistant regional director, UNITED STATES ASC08-2, is the drafting au- National Intelligence Co- thority, National Headquar- Joeli Koroikata, EC05-2, is director of international ordinating Agency for the Derek Brown, JEC06-1 and ters, Bangladesh. cooperation, Ministry of Northeast region of Luzon. CSRT06-2, was promoted Maj. Faruque Ahmed, Foreign Affairs and Interna- Jeffrey Delgado, EC01-1, to lieutenant colonel. He is ASC11-1, is the Bangla- tional Cooperation. was promoted to lieutenant the staff judge advocate at desh Explosive Ordnance general and appointed chief Fort Drum, N.Y. Disposal Contingent com- Finland of the Air Force. mander in Kuwait. Michael Stelzig, APOC10- Erkki Pekonen, CSRT12-1, Wilson Leyva, CSRT10-1, 1, was promoted to colonel Rear Adm. A.S.M.A. Bat- completed his tour of duty was promoted to brigadier and is serving as the army en, EC07-2, is the vice com- at the United Nations’ De- general. attaché to the Philippines. mander of First Maritime partment for Peacekeeping Joselito Kakilala, EC08-2, University in Bangladesh. Operations. He is awaiting was promoted to brigadier Meredith Austin, his next assignment. general and assigned to SEAPOC13-1, was promot- Cambodia General Headquarters as ed to rear admiral. India Nith Eth, TSC09-2, is Ad- chief, Offi ce of Strategic visor to the Offi ce of the Shireen Singh, EC08-1, Studies and Strategy Man- Council of Ministers. has earned a new position agement. in the U.S. Embassy as a Canada political specialist, covering South Africa POSITION India external relations and My-Lord Isaac Montsho, Superintendent Paul Rich- counter-terrorism. CHANGES ards, CSRT11-1 with the CSRT10-1, was promoted Sundari Pujari, EC00-3, is Royal Canadian Mounted to lieutenant colonel and is the chief vigilance offi cer of Afghanistan Police, was assigned to the working as training coor- Air India. dinator, South African Air Malik Quraishi, SEC08-2, Independent Commission Force Gymnasium. was appointed consul gener- on Policing in the Philip- Indonesia al of Afghanistan in Turkey. pines. Sri Lanka Adm. M.M. Marsetio, Australia Colombia SEC07-1, is chief of the In- Kolitha Gunatillake, donesia Navy. EC04-2, was promoted to Col. Carlos Castillo Anita Lewan, APOC09-3, Dr. Bibit Santoso, EC99-2 air marshal and appointed is senior analyst, South East ASC10-1, was appointed and SEC06-3, is working commander of the Air Asia, in the International chief of staff at the Sec- with Lemhannas as a pro- Force. Branch of the New Zealand ond Joint Command in the fessional expert of social Gagan Bulathsinghala, Ministry of Defence. southwest of Colombia. culture.

38 CURRENTS Fall 2014 Ari Budijanto, ASC10-1, Salleh, ASC11-2, is attend- dor to Switzerland. association secretary. has a new position in Jakar- ing the U.S. Army War Col- Khaga Adhikari, EC04-1, Maj. Kiely Pepper, CA13- ta as deputy director of im- lege at Carlisle, Pa. was nominated as ambassa- 3, is military assistant to the migration and international dor to Thailand. Chief of Army. cooperation. Marshall Islands Squadron Leader Steve Biuma Samson, EC05-2, is Brig. Gen. (Ret) Bijaya Japan Hancock, CA14-1 and now dean for the College of Kumar Shahi EC05-3, was CA13-3, is the senior hu- Yoshitaka Yamada, the Marshall Islands’ Land appointed security specialist man resource advisor at CSRT07-1, is assistant Grant Program. with World Vision Interna- commissioner, Director tional in Nepal. Royal New Zealand Air Base, Auckland. for Counter International Mongolia Amrit Bahadur Rai, Terrorism Intelligence, Na- Bumtsend Gombo, ASC09- EC07-1, was nominated as Pakistan tional Police Agency. 2, was assigned to the Em- ambassador to South Africa. Wing Commander Fida Masami Oka, TSC10-1, bassy of Mongolia in China. was assigned to the National New Zealand Khalil, CSRT05-2, has tak- Ambassador Bayarkhuu Police Agency as chief, Gifu en up residence in Virginia. Dashdorj, EC06-1, as Group Capt. Rod Fortune, Prefectural Police Head- Brig. Gen.Anjum Nadeem, quarters. part of a study tour, visited EC03-1, posted in Seoul as NATO in Brussels, Bel- defence attaché. TSC14-1, is commanding a force deployed in the north- Korea gium. Col. Graeme Stewart, west tribal areas. Maj. Chuluunbat APOC13-2 and EC05-1, is Myong Woo Nam, ASC14- Brig. Gen. (Ret) Bader uz Sharkhuu, ASC12-1, is defence attaché to Singa- 1, was appointed security Zaman, EC05-3, is presi- attending a Ph.D. program pore. coordinator for Korea’s dent of J&R Farms Group presidential overseas visits. at the Department of Crimi- nology, Kyonggi University, Lt. Col. Cate Tarsau, and CEO of Waste Busters Brig. Gen. Kwon Ojeong, Suwon, Korea. EC06-1, is transitioning to and Allied Waste Manage- EC04-2, is the director of U.N. Headquarters. She ment. the Center for Army Analy- Nepal will also serve as alumni as- sis and Simulations at Army sociation deputy president. Papua New Guinea headquarters. Ambassador Suresh Prad- han, EC02-1, completed his Paul Douglas Inwood, Maj. Dalos Umul, ASC14- Brig. Gen. General Young- assignment as Ambassador CA13-3, is assistant direc- 2, was selected to attend kwan Ryu, EC05-2, at- to Germany; he has returned tor, New Zealand Defense the Defence and Strategic tended the Combined Forces to Nepal. Force Command and Staff Studies Course at the Aus- Air Component Commander College. tralian Defence College and Dipendra Raj Paudel, Course at Maxwell Air to concurrently undertake CCM13-1, is an under sec- Force Base, Ala. Maj. Derrrick McMillan, a master’s program at the retary in the Ministry of CA13-3, is on the Army University of New South Defense. Madagascar General Staff. Wales. Brig. Gen. Purna Silwal, WOMT Howard Rait, Brig. Gen. Dominique Philippines Jean Adolphe, CSRT08- EC07-1, is the acting com- CA14-1 and CA13-3, is 1, was appointed director mandant of the Army Com- working in future operations Moises Jun Nayve, general of the Armed Forces mand and Staff College. at Joint Headquarters. CSRT04-1, completed Ministry Inspection Pro- Upendra Kanta Aryal, Squadron Leader Pippa his duty as battalion com- gram. CCM08-2, OR10-1, is chief Barratt, CA14-1, is work- mander of the 4th Special of the National Police. Forces Battalion in Basilan Malaysia ing at the New Zealand Deepak Dhital, EC00-3, Command and Staff College Province. Brig. Gen. Nordin Haji was nominated as ambassa- and she will serve as alumni (Continued on next page)

www.apcss.org 39 Alumni News

Thailand POSITION Commodore Capt. Chusak Chupaitoon, CHANGES EC05-1, is deputy dean, ac- Y.N. Jayarathna ademic affairs department, An ASC 13-1 Fellow, Jayarathna is now com- (Continued from Page 39) Naval Education Depart- ment, Royal Thai Navy. mandant of Sri Lanka’s Lt. Col. Ric Leonardo, Naval and Maritime Senior Col. Orgrob Ama- JEC05-2, was designated Academy located at rushkul, CSRT06-3, and Naval Dockyard, Trin- commanding offi cer of a CS09-2, was assigned as comlee. The academy special forces battalion military advisor to the Thai provides professional based in Mindanao. Permanent Mission to the development for Navy Lt. Col. Moises Nayve, United Nations. offi cers and enlisted CSRT04-1, was reassigned forces. to the Presidential Security Timor Leste Group. Jorge Nelson Amado Capt. Byron Black, EC03- ASC11-2, was selected as Monteiro, SSD10-1, is Samoa 1, is taking a new position commander of the 1st Sig- superintendent of police nal Brigade. and commander, District of as the First Coast Guard dis- Albert Mariner, EC00-2, is trict chief of prevention. the head of the Pacifi c and Manufahi. Vanuatu Caribbean Section of the Adm. Michael Rogers, Tonga Political Affairs Division of TSC09-1, is commander, Superintendent Kelson the Commonwealth Secre- Carl Tu’ivai, ASC11-1, is U.S. Cyber Command. Bule, EC07-1, is director, tariat in London. deployed to Afghanistan national intelligence, Vanu- Thomas Mcnamara, atu Police Force. as the national contingent C11-05, has relocated to Solomon Islands commander for Tonga’s 7th Washington D.C., where he Peter Bong, EC00-3, is Contingent. George Hoa’au, ASC09-2, is working at the Defense chief executive offi cer of transferred from the Foreign Vanuatu Airports. Lau’aitu Tupouniua, Intelligence Agency. Ministry to the Ministry of EC04-2, is deputy commis- Capt. Anthony Cowden, Willie Ben Kalo, EC07-2, Health. He is in charge of sioner, Tonga Police. APOC12-2, transferred to is chief of staff, Vanuatu Po- administration and budget- lice Force. ing for the country’s medi- Savenaca Raiwalui, the Naval War College, cal services. CCM12-1, is senior training Newport, R.I., where he will John Taleo, ASC10-1, is offi cer, Ministry of Works, teach national security af- deputy commissioner of po- Sri Lanka Transport and Public Utili- fairs. lice operations. ties. Sarath Chandra Dissanay- Maj. James Westgate, Delphine Vuti, ASC14-1, CCM08-1, is in Bogota, Co- ake, ASC12-1, is posted in UNITED STATES is acting director, Vanuatu Havana as Sri Lankan Am- lombia, as part of the U.S. Police College. bassador to Cuba. Rear Adm. Babette Boli- Army Corps of Engineers’ var, EC05-3, is now Com- objective to further develop Vietnam Rear Adm. (Ret) H. S. mander, U.S. Command the Colombian Army’s engi- Rathnakeerti, EC98-1, is a representative, Guam. neering capabilities. Thin Thi Nguyen, CCM08- consultant for the Presiden- 3, is head of the academic tial Task Force on resettle- Chaplain (Cmdr.) Jack Uruguay affairs department at the ment development in the Carver, APOC12-2, is as- Diplomatic Academy of Northern Province. signed to the USS Peleliu. Col. Gabriel Tavidian, Vietnam.

40 CURRENTS Fall 2014 from military service. director from the Philippine Col. David National Police and is now Kasberg, RETIREMENTS Lt. Gen. chairperson of her nation’s SEAPOC12-1, Australia Datuk Abdul Human Rights Victims retired from the Aziz Ibrahim, Claims Board. Air Force. Group Capt. SEC06-2, Peter Norford, retired from the Gen. Em- Lt. Col. Brian C12-1, retired Malaysian Armed Forces manuel Bau- Clark, APOC09- after 38 years of after 42 years of service. military service. tista, SSD10-2, 3, retired from He is now serv- retired as the the Army. Nepal ing in the Royal Australian Armed Forces Air Force Active Reserve. Moti Gurung, of the Philippines chief of Lt. Col. Kinsey McFadden, CSRT08-2 and staff after 34 years of ser- Gen. David APOC13-2, TSC14-1, re- vice. A highly decorated Hurley, SE01-2, and accomplished offi cer, retired from the retired as chief tired as the chief Gen Bautista previously Army and will of Australian investigation served as the commanding work with HITMethods, a Defence Forces director of National Investi- general of the Philippine medical information com- after 42 years of military gation Department. Army. pany in Hawaii. service. He was appointed as the 39th governor of New Zealand Lt. Gen. Thom- Tonga New South Wales. as Conant, Maj. Gen. SEC08-1 and Penisimani Colombia Clive Lilley, TSC11-2, retired SEC02-1, has Ma’u, EC99-3, from military Juan (An- retired from the retired from the service and will engage in dres) Acosta, military. Army and is consulting. He led a delega- CSRT06-2, re- now a magis- tion to Myanmar in Septem- tired as a Navy Dr. Peter trate in the Tonga Judiciary. ber. captain. He is Greener, now director of security for SSTR06-1, re- United States Vanuatu the Empres Publicas de Me- tired as the dean Terry Daru, Willie Vira, dellin company. of academic EC01-1 & EC02-2, retired faculty at the Defense Force OR07-1, retired from the Vanuatu Indonesia Command and Staff Col- from the U.S. Police Force. lege. First Mar- State Depart- shall Supra- ment, and is now working Philippines pto Prapto, as interim director of the Vietnam ASC09-2, Police Direc- Narcotics and Law Enforce- Tu Van Tran, retired after 32 tor Elpidio Z. ment Affairs Section of the EC02-1, retired years of military service. De Asis Jr., U.S. Embassy in Bishkek, from the Min- CSRT07-1, re- Kyrgyzstan. istry of Foreign Malaysia tired from the Affairs. Col. Ralph police service. Cmdr. Abd Boeckmann, Pham Duy Rahman APOC11-1, Thanh, EC06-1, Lina Sarmien- Zainuddin, retired from the retired from the to, EC05-3, Ministry of For- EC01-3, retired military and is retired as police eign Affairs. living in Fairfax, Va.

www.apcss.org 41 Faculty writings (Cont’d from Page 35) APCSS Course Calendar * Note: Dates are subject to change. Please visit our Colombia at the Cross- yet established a solid foun- website for the most current information. roads: Rebels, Drugs and dation for realistic policy Democratic Policies change. Course # Start Date End Date You can view the entire Advanced Security Cooperation (ASC) article at http://www.apcss. 15-1 02-Apr-15 ...... 05-May-15 org/editorial-columbia-at- the-crossroads-rebels-drugs- 15-2 24-Sep-15 ...... 29-Oct-15 and-democratic-policies/. Senior Executive Asia-Pacifi c Orientation Course Mapping Confl ict (SEAPOC) Dr. Rouben Azizian Trends in Pakistan 15-1 14-Apr-15...... 16-Apr-15 (left), and U.S. Navy Lt. Saira Yamin co- Nicholas Matcheck believe authored this report with security sector development Salma Malik, an assistant Comprehensive Security Responses to Terrorism (CSRT) in the Asia-Pacifi c region professor 15-1 11-Feb-15 ...... 13-Mar-15 could draw lessons from at Quaid-i- the efforts of Colombia, a Azam Uni- Comprehensive Crisis Management (CCM) Pacifi c Latin American na- versity in tion struggling for decades Islamabad, 15-1 23-Jul-15 ...... 25-Aug-15 to end a devastating civil Pakistan confl ict. The fol- Transnational Security Cooperation (TSC) The authors write the lowing is a report summary 14-2 07-Dec-14 ...... 12-Dec-14 Columbia confl ict is akin from the U.S. Institute of to several Asia-Pacifi c na- Peace: 15-1 1-Jun-15 ...... 5-Jun-15 tions struggles with internal Over the past decade, vi- olence has become endemic insurgencies and associated Asia-Pacifi c Orientation Course (APOC) drug traffi cking, while si- in many parts of Pakistan. multaneously launching or This report examines the 15-1 26-Jan-15 ...... 30-Jan-15 enhancing their democratic trajectory of violence and 15-2 22-Jun-15 ...... 26-Jun-15 transitions. the range of confl icts in six 15-3 31-Aug-15 ...... 04-Sep-15 Further, they write the troubled regions. outcome of Columbia’s May The authors conclude 2014 presidential elections that if existing socioeco- were shaped in part by vot- nomic conditions persist and ers’ perspectives on peace the state continues to fail to talks between the govern- deliver public services, jus- ment and the Revolutionary tice, and security, Pakistan Armed Forces of Colombia could face further escalation (FARC), the nation’s largest of violence and lawlessness. guerilla group. Violence is most concen- According to Azizian and trated along the Afghan bor- Matchek, the 20th round of der in the Federally Admin- peace talks ended in Febru- istered Tribal Areas (FATA) ary with some agreements and the province of Khyber on drug-traffi cking. Local Pakhtunkhwa. Fellows with Senior Executive Asia-Pacifi c Orientation commentators, however, You can view the full Course 14-2 and Advanced Security Cooperation Course point out that while the report at: http://www.usip. 14-3 discussed regional collaboration opportunities Oct. 9 parties have prepared the org/publications/mapping- at the APCSS. ground, they have not as confl ict-trends-in-pakistan.

42 CURRENTS Fall 2014 OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR

Director – Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Dan Leaf, U.S. Air Force Deputy Director – Brig. Gen. (Ret.) James T. Hirai, U.S. Army Development Advisor - Dr. Lori Forman

COLLEGE OF SECURITY STUDIES Dean – Capt.(Ret.) Carleton Cramer, U.S. Navy

Deputy Dean – Col. (Ret.) David Shanahan, U.S. Army Dr. J. Mohan Malik – China, Geopolitics, & Weapons Academic Chief of Staff – Col. Gregory Winston, U.S. Army Proliferation Dr. Justin Nankivell – International Law, Security Sector Dr. Rouben Azizian – Security Sector Development, Regional Development Organizations, Eurasia Security Ms. Kerry Nankivell – Maritime Security, Strategy & Dr. Miemie Winn Byrd – Economics, Adult Ed., Myanmar Decision-making Dr. James Campbell – Indonesia, BioSecurity Dr. Al Oehlers – Economics, Burma, Southeast Asia, Pa- Capt. Benjamin Clancy, USN - National Security Law/Rule of cifi c Islands contacts Law Mr. Tom Peterman – Disaster Management, UN HA/DR, Ms. Jessica Ear – Human Security, Crisis Management, Civil UN Peace Operations Societies, Cambodia Dr. Jeffrey Reeves - China, Mongolia, and East Asia Se- Mr. Herman Finley, Jr. – Information Technology, Strategic curity Communication, China Dr. Lora Saalman - China, India, Russia, Nuclear and Col. Todd Fish, USA - Theater Logistics, Northeast Asia Cyber Policy, Crossdomain Deterrence, Military Mod- Dr. Lori Forman – Development Financing, ODA, Public-Private ernization Partnerships, Non-Governmental Organizations Col. (Ret.) Dave Shanahan, U.S. Army – Security Sector Dr. David Fouse – Japan Development Lt. Col. Ian E. Francis, USA - China, Counter-Terrorism Dr. Christopher Snedden - South Asia, Security Sector Dr. Scott Hauger – Environment/Science Development, International Relations Dr. Christopher Harmon - Terrorism, Insurgency, U.S. Foreign Lt. Col. Nathan Springer, USA - South Asia, Confl ict Policy Resolution, Counterinsurgency, Counter-terrorism Dr. Jeffrey Hornung – Japan, East Asia Security/Foreign Policy Mr. Shyam Tekwani – South Asia; Media & Confl ict; Ter- Lt. Col. Benjamin Hwang, U.S. Army, - Foreign Internal Defense, rorism Uncoventional Warfare, Counter-Special Operations Forces Dr. Alexander Vuving – Geopolitics, Southeast Asia, Dr. Steven Kim – Korea, Governance China, Vietnam, South China Sea Lt. Cmdr Dara Kollasch, USN - Southeast Asia, WGS Dr. Virginia Watson – Science & Technology Policy, Maj. Christopher Kuchma, USAF- Counterintelligence, Northeast Southeast Asia/Philippines, Water Security Asia Dr. William A. Wieninger – WMD Issues, Security Sector Lt. Col. Kenneth Lawrence, USA - DoD Cyberspace Operations, Development Cyber Security Col. Gregory Winston, U.S. Army- South Asia Lt. Col. Danny Makalena, USAF - HA/DR, Physical Security Dr. Saira Yamin - South Asia, Confl ict Analysis & Reso- Operations, Logistics, Korea, Japan lution.

ADMISSIONS & BUSINESS OPERATIONS PUBLIC AFFAIRS Dean – Capt.(Ret.) Richard Sears, U.S. Navy Chief – Ms. Mary Markovinovic ADMISSIONS Public Affairs Specialist – Mr. Jesse Hall Chief – Lt. Col. (Ret.) Tom Patykula, U.S. Army Webmaster/Photographer – Mr. Bob Goodwin Registrar – Ms. Pearl Peiler Cover Art/Group photos – Visual Information (VI) Branch Alumni – Lt. Col. (Ret.) John Gasner, U.S. Air Force CURRENTS EDITORIAL BOARD Email: [email protected] Ms. Mary Markovinovic, Managing Editor; Jesse Hall, Edi- [email protected] tor; Bob Goodwin, Dr. Rouben Azizian; Lt.Cmdr. (Ret.) Jo Gardiner, USN; Lt. Col. (Ret.) John Gasner, USAF; Capt. Ed Stay connected with APCSS... Miller, USMC; Dr. Al Oehlers; Dr. Jeffrey Reeves; and Col. (Ret.) Dave Shanahan.

As of Oct. 29, 2014

www.apcss.org 4343 APCSS welcomes Brunei Armed Forces Participants in the Brunei Royal Armed Forces Command and Staff Course 2014 held a half- day workshop at the Asia- Pacifi c Center for Security Studies June 13, 2014. APCSS faculty facilitated discussions on regional security issues. The Center provides facilities and facutly in support of a variety of international

Please don’t forget to contact the Outreach and Alumni Coordination Branch at [email protected] if you have been promoted, changed job positions, or moved.

Asia-Pacifi c Center for Security Studies 2058 Maluhia Road Honolulu, HI 96815

44 CURRENTS Fall 2014