Proposed ToR for Conducting Environmental Impact Assessment ( EIA) studies for the Proposed New Dry Dock Facility at Cochin , ,

Prepared for Cochin Shipyard Limited Represented by Mr. A.N. Neelakandhan

CONTENTS

1 Introduction ...... 1 2 The Project Setting ...... 1 2.1 General ...... 1 2.2 The Project Setting ...... 1 3 Analysis of alternatives (review of existing studies) ...... 2 4 Description of the Environment ...... 2 4.1 Study Area ...... 2 4.2 Land Environment ...... 2 Land ...... 2 Topography ...... 2 Geology ...... 3 Soil ...... 3 4.3 Water Environment ...... 3 Ground Water ...... 3 Surface Water ...... 4 4.4 Marine Environment ...... 4 Coastal Hydrology/Geomorphology ...... 4 Bed Sediment Contamination ...... 4 4.5 Biological Environment ...... 4 Coastal Ecology ...... 4 Flora and Fauna in the Neighbourhood ...... 4 4.6 Air Environment ...... 4 Meteorological Data ...... 4 Ambient Air Quality ...... 5 4.7 Noise ...... 5 4.8 Socio-Economic and Occupational Health Environment ...... 5 4.9 Existing Solid Waste Disposal Facilities ...... 5 4.10 Public Utilities ...... 5 5 Anticipated Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 5 5.1 Land ...... 6 Topography, Geology and Soil ...... 6 5.2 Water Environment ...... 6 Ground Water ...... 6 Surface Water ...... 6 5.3 Coastal Environment ...... 6 5.4 Biological Environment ...... 6 5.5 Air Environment ...... 7 5.6 Noise Pollution ...... 7 5.7 Socio-Economic and Occupational Health Environment ...... 7 5.8 Solid Waste Management ...... 7 6 Environmental Monitoring programme ...... 7 7 Additional Studies ...... 8

8 Project Benefits ...... 8 9 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis ...... 8 10 Management Plan (EMP) ...... 8 11 Summary and Conclusion ...... 8 12 Disclosure of Consultants Engaged ...... 8

FIGURES

Figure 1-1 Location of CSL ...... 2

1 Introduction

Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) is proposed to construct a new dry dock of size of 320 x 75 x 13 m. Cochin Shipyard has an area of 170 acres of land, of which about 30 acres are set aside for development of future expansion. The proposed development shall be constructed in maximum 15 acres of land within the existing Cochin Shipyard premises and no additional land shall be acquired.

The existing two dry docks having sizes of 270 x 45x12 m and 255 x 43x 9 m respectively, are found insufficient to handle building/repair activities of large vessels namely LNG carriers, Air craft carriers, Jack up Rigs, semi-submersibles etc. Hence, CSL proposes to build a new dry dock, to meet the above requirement, within the existing premises.

Being an “A” category project, this project attracts the provisions of EIA Notification 2006 and shall abide all the procedures to obtain Environmental Clearance from MoEFCC, New Delhi.

2 The Project Setting

2.1 General

Going forward, CSL intends to diversify beyond its traditional ship-building/repair role into areas of repairs and maintenance of offshore drilling rigs/ships. Given the existing dry dock facility with a width of 45m, it would be insufficient to handle rigs with average beam upwards of 60m. Therefore CSL would require to augment its current capability to include dry-dock repairs of these drilling rigs and ships. This would require development of a new ship repair dry dock. The target customers for this facility are envisaged as the drilling rigs/ships which currently use Singaporean or yards at Middle East for repairs. In addition, ONGC is also envisaged as one of the key client. The long term vision of CSL includes development of repair facility capable of handling all types of rigs, Aircraft carriers, Capesize Bulk carriers & General cargo ships, Aframax & Suezmax tankers, Panamax & Post Panamax type container ships and LNG carriers. The dry dock will further cater to building of all the above types of vessels.

In 2011-12, Cochin Shipyard undertook an exercise of formulating a business plan for the company for short, medium and long term strategic plan. The aim of the exercise was to draw up structured growth for the yard while ensuring that the company is able to tap all available opportunities to reduce and control risks in the long term. Ernst and Young were appointed as consultants for formulating the business plans and they submitted their reports in December 2011. Based on the business plan, the company has identified the construction of new dry dock to improve its growth prospects.

2.2 The Project Setting

The shipyard is located on MG Road within the city. The road lies north-south with its boundaries at the Venduruthy bridge, in the south, and the Madhava Pharmacy Junction in the north, where it intersects the . The road was earlier part of the NH 47A (Old Highway) and was later handed over to the Corporation of Cochin. The highway was earlier known as Seventy Feet road. The total distance of the road is 4 km. The location of the CSL and the new dry dock site is shown in the Google Imagery below:

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Figure 1-1 Location of CSL

3 Analysis of alternatives (review of existing studies)

It is an operational shipyard. The proposed development of new dry dock is under the expansion scheme. And a detailed layout plan for development of new dry dock is given in the Pre-Feasibility report.

4 Description of the Environment

4.1 Study Area

The shipyard is located on the south of channel in Perumunoor in Cochin City. CSL has been operating for the last 40 years. The proposed construction of new dry dock will be made within the shipyard premises.

4.2 Land Environment

Land As mentioned earlier, the new dry dock will be constructed close to the existing dry dock and for this construction no additional land is going to be acquired. It will be constructed in maximum 15 acres which is available within the CSL premises.

Topography

Physiographically, this area is unique in the sense that the entire region is a product of fluvial-estuarine agencies modified by human activities in terms of reclamation. The entire region is formed of Tertiary and quaternary sediments flanked by Precambrian rocks along

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the eastern border. The eastern extension of the Vembanad Kayal may probably represent the coastline at any one phase in the geological past revealed by the existence of dune chains. Literary records also confirm this. It can be inferred from the evidence that the study region was under the sea in the recent geological time.

At present, the region appears as a saucer shaped basin flanked by sand dunes on the west and low lateritic hills in the east. The central area is a deltaic region formed by the river systems. These rivers were earlier debauching directly into the sea near the apex of the delta but before the delta formation was completed, the sea might have receded. The dune chains on the west of the Vembanad Lake, initially as a sand bar, probably emerged much earlier before the completion of land by the process of fluvial deposition.

Consequently, the water body enclosed by the dune chain in the west and landmass on the east evolved as Vembanad Lake. Predominance of silt and fine sand within the soil composition of the lower Kuttanad is a convincing evidence of the major role of estuarine deposition. A large area, originally below sea level, has also been subjected to reclamation.

Geology

The geography of the region mainly consists of lowland along the seaboard and the city lies barely 2m above the sea level. Much of the area is ‘plain’ land having natural facilities of drainage via backwaters, canals and rivers. Cochin Taluk is divided into two blocks by the Cochin Azhi (backwaters), viz. Vypeen Kara on the northern and Fort Cochin to Chellanam on the southern sides,Sea Coast, Estuaries, Lakes, Islands etc. The seacoast, about 30 miles in length, falls entirely in the Cochin Taluk. The Cochin Harbour, a major natural harbour, is also situated in this Taluk. The backwaters in the Cochin and Kanayannur Taluks are dotted with small islands, the main ones being Willingdon, Vypeen, Ramanthuruthu, Ponjikkara (Bolghatty Island), Vallarpadom, Kumbalam, Cheranelloor etc. Most of these islands are very small, varying in extent from 4 square miles to less than a square mile and are favourably fertile for the luxuriant growth of coconut palms.

Soil

The soil of the region can be divided into four broad groups – These are Coastal alluvium, Colluvic alluvium, Acid saline and Hydromorphic saline. The extreme western part of the coastline is dominated by sandy soil & the eastern part, all along the eastern border of the region. Fluviatile alluvium and colluvial soil are observed in the inter-hilly basins. Acid saline soils mostly covers the Kuttanad & North of Cochin. A considerable portion of the area (8,000 hectares) has been reclaimed from the lakebeds. These areas are covered by Kayal soil. The Karappadam soil has developed along rivers and channels as a flood plain deposit. It spreads over large part of the region covering an area of 41,000 hectares. The Kari soils is a peat soil developed in the swampy areas. Isolated patches are seen in the southwest, northeast and north-western part. This soil is deep black in colour with half decomposed organic matter, indicating the subsidence of previously mentioned forest area under water.

The geotechnical study on land has conducted by CSL. The soil investigation will be carried out in the waterfront area before the construction works. The soil investigation data will be provided in the EIA report.

4.3 Water Environment

Ground Water

Analysis of ground water characteristics is included in the primary baseline survey and the quality of ground water from various places (maximum 3 stations) from the study area will be collected and the result of the physico-chemical characteristics shall be provided in the report.

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Surface Water

The baseline data on coastal/marine water from the Ernakulam channel, Mattanchery channel and from the sea shall be collected and analysed. The parameters shall include pH, Temperature, TSS, Salinity, Oil and Grease, Turbidity, DO, BOD, Nutrients and Heavy metals.

4.4 Marine Environment

Coastal Hydrology/Geomorphology

Coastal hydrology requires collection of oceanographic data during the study period, and it shall cover the following parameters:

• Tides • Current • TSS and Sediment texture As mentioned before, the existing shipyard is located on Ernakulam channel which is basically a backwater channel. CSL has the oceanography data for tide and current from this channel. The details of mangroves, marshes and other coastal vegetation, sand dunes, history of any endangered species, coastal erosion, and shoreline changes, if any, shall be studied and furnished in the EIA report.

Bed Sediment Contamination

Baseline data on bottom sediments and the associated bottom biota and other physical habitat, at the proposed project area shall be collected during the course of surface water sampling and analysed.

4.5 Biological Environment

Coastal Ecology

Baseline data of aquatic flora and fauna at the project area, including the coastal area shall be ascertained by proper surveys including mangroves and marshes and other coastal vegetation, sand dunes.

Flora and Fauna in the Neighbourhood

During the primary baseline survey, a detailed phytosociological analysis shall be conducted and be furnished in the report. Besides, if any studies conducted by an university/institution/organisation under the relevant discipline (such as BSI, ZSI, WII, etc) on the local flora and fauna (terrestrial as well as marine/coastal) shall be included in the EIA report as a substantial secondary information point of view. Data about rare, endangered species of flora and fauna and wildlife habitats shall, if any, also be furnished in the EIA report.

4.6 Air Environment

Meteorological Data

The time series met data from Cochin ( IMD station at Cochin) will be presented in the EIA report. Besides, site specific met data will also be carried out and the following parameters will be presented in the report

• Wind speed and direction

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• Rainfall • Relative humidity • Temperature

Ambient Air Quality

Baseline ambient air quality monitoring shall be conducted in the immediate surroundings of the proposed development site to analyse the ambient air quality. All the 12 parameters prescribed by MoEF&CC in its office order of 16 th November 2009, will be measured at 5 places. The parameters includes PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (µg/m 3), Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/m 3), Carbon Monoxide (µg/m 3), Ozone, Benzopyrene, Benzene, Nickel, Lead, Arsenic and Ammonia.

4.7 Noise

Baseline data on noise pollution at the project area and the neighbourhood up to 1 km or nearest residential areas (from 5 places) will also be monitored as per the CPCB norms.

4.8 Socio-Economic and Occupational Health Environment

This shipyard was established in 1972 and later on much development has occurred in the immediate vicinity of this shipyard. Now the shipyard is surrounded by many residential colonies, market places in the southern direction. The shipyard was allotted an area of 170 acres, of which nearly 30 acres of land is still available for future expansion. The new dry dock and allied facilities shall be built in maximum of 15 acres of land available within the shipyard premises. No land outside from the premises shall be acquired. Cochin, being a highly developed and commercial city, the city has basically a multicultural set up and it will be very difficult to draw a conclusion on socio-economic scenario and possible negative impacts from the new development. Still then efforts will be made to gather information on socio-economic conditions, livelihood pattern and other aspects including the health conditions of the local population during the primary survey and will be furnished in the EIA report.

4.9 Existing Solid Waste Disposal Facilities

Being an operational shipyard, it has all kind of facilities to deal with the solid waste as well as hazardous waste issues. The existing facilities will be put in the EIA report.

4.10 Public Utilities

Being an operational shipyard, it has all kind of facilities in terms of Public utility. The existing facilities will be put in the EIA report.

5 Anticipated Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures

This Chapter will describe the likely impact of the project on each of the environmental parameters, methods adopted for assessing the impact such as model studies, empirical methods, reference to existing similar situations, reference to previous studies, details of mitigation methods proposed to reduce adverse effects of the project, adopt safety and risk assessments etc, best environmental practices and conservation of natural resources. The identification of specific impact shall be followed with mitigation measures to be carried for

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different stages i.e., construction of new structures, changes in land use, issues on coastal ecological impacts from additional operations etc.

5.1 Land

Anticipated Impact During the construction period generation of construction debris, municipal solid wastes are some of the likely impacts from the proposed project. Mitigation Measures Following measures shall be taken to minimize the impact.

• Construction debris disposal • Top soil management • Measures to tackle the issues of additional municipal wastes which would be generated from workforce(labourers)

Topography, Geology and Soil

Anticipated Impact : Change in land use pattern may take place Management: Appropriate management plan will be recommended to restore the land environment.

5.2 Water Environment

Ground Water

Anticipated Impact: The proposed project will have no impact on the ground water

Mitigation Measures: Non-issue

Surface Water

Anticipated Impact: Likely negative impacts can be anticipated on the surface (backwater) water body during the construction as well as operational period.

Mitigation Measures: The impacts during the construction period will be purely temporary in nature and are considered as reversible. Adequate management plan shall be recommended to restore the existing status of the water quality and its ecosystem.

5.3 Coastal Environment

Anticipated impact: Construction of new dry dock as well as other allied facilities and its subsequent impact on coastal environment will be assessed by primary survey and will be presented in the report. Mitigation measures: Mitigatory measures will be addressed in the EIA report (basing upon the findings).

5.4 Biological Environment

Anticipated impact: Discharge of waste water and solid wastes from various

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sources/activities during the construction period may have negative impact on the coastal ecosystem/biological environment. And extensive studies will be conducted in this regard.

Mitigation Measures: Adequate mitigatory measures shall be recommended to reduce adverse effects on the biological environment and it would be provided in the report.

5.5 Air Environment

Anticipated Impact: Impact of project construction/operation on the ambient air quality on account of emissions of dust during construction shall be assessed. Prediction of impact due to sanctioned/on-going projects in the surrounding area on the proposed project and the ambient environment shall also be carried out.

Mitigation Measures:  Closed vehicles to transport dusty construction material  Regular sprinkling of water around the construction site

5.6 Noise Pollution

Anticipated Impact: Impact of project construction activities. Mitigation Measures: Mitigation measures to reduce adverse effects shall be provided.

5.7 Socio-Economic and Occupational Health Environment

Anticipated Impact: Non- issue Mitigation Measures: Although it is a non-issue, efforts shall be made to employ the locals as construction labourers so that the local communities will get the direct benefit in terms of employment although it is temporary. It will also help to reduce the burden on logistics.

5.8 Solid Waste Management

Anticipated Impact: Impact due to non-hazardous and hazardous solid waste generated during the construction period will be assessed.

Mitigation Measures: Mitigation measures to comply the norms will be planned. Options for minimization of solid waste and environmentally compactable disposal/ recycling of waste to conserve natural resources will be planned. Management and disposal of temporary structures, made during construction phase will be planned.

6 Environmental Monitoring programme

This Chapter shall include details of environmental monitoring programme. It should include the technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures (including measurement methodologies, data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed budget & procurement schedules) • Summary matrix of environmental monitoring, during construction and operation stage

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• Requirement of monitoring facilities • Frequency, location, parameters of monitoring • Compilation and analysis of data, comparison with base line data and compliance to accepted norms and reporting system • Plantation monitoring program

7 Additional Studies

During the scoping process, the regulatory authority may direct specific issues, beyond those is included in the TOR proposed, as may be specifically considered important from environmental point of view. In such cases, CSL shall pursue those issues as additional studies in the EIA study after the regulatory authority approves TOR.

8 Project Benefits

The project benefits accruing to the locality, neighbourhood, region and nation as a whole and the detailed budgetary plan for the upliftment of the local socio-economic conditions and environmental attributes shall be addressed and incorporated in the EIA report in Environmental Management Plan.

9 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

If recommended by the Expert Appraisal Committee at the scoping stage (during the ToR presentation meeting), this chapter shall include the environmental cost benefit analysis of the project.

10 Management Plan (EMP)

Summary of potential impact & recommended mitigation measures shall be addressed in this chapter. It shall include allocation of resources and responsibilities for plan implementation Administrative and technical setup for management of environment. Institutional arrangements proposed with other organizations/Govt. authorities for effective implementation of environmental measures proposed in the EIA.

11 Summary and Conclusion

A detailed summary covering all the chapters shall be produced.

12 Disclosure of Consultants Engaged

SGS Pvt Limited is engaged by CSL to prepare the Proposed ToR, Fill up Form-1 and to review the PFR for this proposed project. SGS India shall also present the technical presentation for the issuance of ToR before the EAC.

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