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162 Snet School Safety and Security September 2017 southasiadisasters.net 1 INTRODUCTION School Safety and Security: ABOUT THIS ISSUE Reflections chools are often defined as y the virtue of their special waves. Thus, there is a great need to Sthe cradles of leadership. Bphysical, social and address the challenges of school India is home to 15 lakh schools psychological characteristics, children safety and security in India. which are preparing the next bear a disproportionate burden of the generation of the country's adverse impacts of disasters and This issue of Southasiadisasters.net leadership. However, there are emergencies. Perhaps the most tries to analyse some of these multiple risks that schools and detrimental impact of such events is opportunities and challenges facing the children who attend them the disruption of a child's education. the country in this respect. are exposed to. Chief among Disasters and emergencies could these risks is that of disasters destroy schools and endanger the The insights presented in this issue and extreme events which not lives of their students, teachers and have not only been contributed by only threaten the physical other staff members. Apart from the sectoral experts but also seasoned welfare of children in school risk of death and injury, it could also practitioners from the field of disaster but also disrupt the continuity cause the closure of the schools for risk reduction (DRR). This of their education. It is also extended periods of time, thereby introduction tires to capture the key substantially disrupting the messages from each contributor to important to remember that education of children leading to this issue. children at schools are also adverse impacts on their learning exposed various forms of abuse, outcomes. Similarly, children are also For instance, Amrit Sangma from exploitation and neglect. at risk of abuse, exploitation, violence Caritas India has taken stock of the Therefore, to protect the and neglect in schools. All these major challenges facing school going country's children against all factors highlight the need for children face in Assam after the state these risks it is important to comprehensive school safety and was ravaged by devastating floods focus on School Safety and security in India. in 2017. The solutions suggested to Security. these problems can go a long way in The National Disaster Management protecting children and their learning This issue of Authority (NDMA) of Government environments. He even suggests that Southasiadisasters.net is titled of India celebrated its 13th Formation Assam has an active and able cohort "School Safety and Security: Day on September 28, 2017 in New of school children and teachers who Reflections" and deals with this Delhi, with singular focus on school can make school safety a reality in important theme in extensive safety and security. The event was a the state. detail. This issue highlights success and a long term view was how different stakeholders shared and owned by the participants Fatima Gay J. Molina and Jesusa including the government, who came from local schools, Grace J. Molina, Centre for Disaster teachers, students and various government authorities, national Preparedness, a regional resource civil society organizations institutions, UN agencies, and centre, Philippines opine that youth (CSOs) are coming up with international organisations. and adolescents are often overlooked various innovations to protect as leaders in disaster risk reduction India's large school going The event offered a national moment (DRR). According to them, any citizens. This issue contains to reflect on what has been achieved strategy of disaster resilience aimed articles from reputed and what can be achieved in the at youth can only succeed with the academics, practitioners and coming months to launch a national active participation as leaders and experts who have worked on initiative to make all the 15 lakh change makers. the theme of School Safety and schools of India safe and secure for Security. children. When in school, India's Drought, a slow-onset disaster is – Kshitij Gupta students are exposed to 18 hazards often overlooked in discussions on such as floods, droughts, and heat school safety and security. In the 2 southasiadisasters.net September 2017 popular imagination, disasters often Mr. Chandra Bhakuni, a noted schools can be protected against invoke the imagery of apocalyptic structural engineer from Ahmedabad, exploitation, abuse and neglect. Samir extreme events that are triggered in opines that building safer schools Porecha, District Child Protection a very short span of time. Drought achieves the dual purpose of Officer of Jamnagar in Gujarat does not neatly fit into this furthering education and risk highlights the need to make child perception. However, the debilitating reduction outcomes. In this regard, protection central to school safety and impacts of droughts and the he also remarked that it is a learning security activities. It is the most concomitant impacts that it has on and iterative process where all good urgent need in Sarva Siksha Abhiyan the education and welfare of the insights (lessons learnt) from activities across all states in India. children of families who migrate due previous efforts should be leveraged. to the droughts cannot be overlooked. Climate change has emerged as one Dr. R.P. Pandey of the National The links between uncertainty and of the leading causes to intensify the Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, and transformation have been explored severity and frequency of extreme Dr. Surya Prakash of National by D. Parthasarathy, Professor, weather events like heat waves. Institute of Disaster Management, A Humanities and Social Sciences from These heat waves are especially substantial part of school safety has Indian Institute of Technology, detrimental to the health of school to do with the actual safety of the Mumbai. In his incisive analysis, going children. Shakuntala Pratihary school building which houses the Prof. Parthasarthy notes that the of Utkal University, Bhubaneswar children during school hours. disaster management literature and has researched extensively on climate practice has an adequate focus on change. In this issue, she states that Netaji Basumatary, Regional unpredictability but not on children in schools must be made Manager, North-East India of IGSSS uncertainty. He also points to the aware of the risks of heat waves. This Guwahati states that floods should necessity of dealing with uncertainty would help children, especially the not only be viewed as disasters but at an early age by embedding it in younger ones to wrap their heads also an opportunity for students to school curriculum to make it central around a complex extreme event that learn ways to reduce risk and build to everyone's thinking. causes untold misery to human lives resilience in their day-to-day lives. and livelihoods. Thus, floods can be leveraged as an Child Protection forms an integral opportunity to build back better for part of comprehensive school safety Schools in cities are not safer than school safety and security in Assam and security. Through child schools in rural areas. Alka Bharat, and India. protection measures, children at Professor, Department of Architecture and Planning of MANIT Bhopal shows that schools in peri- urban areas have dual needs-urban and rural-which infact integrate safety and security challenges in to one. Far greater attention is needed on peri-urban areas as well as on schools in peri-urban areas to balance the role of natural ecosystems in reducing risk in cities. As Kamol Taukitphaisarn, Expert of Better Rice Initiative Asia, Thailand suggests the distance between satellite and schools' must be a click away for the students and teachers learning DRR in South Asia. The geospatial data and information must not only be used in mega science projects but also in urban and rural schools for educational projects. Photo: AIDMI. East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh. – AIDMI Team September 2017 southasiadisasters.net 3 A CONCEPT NOTE Hydrology and Drought: India's Priorities ntroduction Drought frequency, severity and I Much of human settlements and In the end, the persistence are governed by regional economic activities are concentrated climatic factors. The frequency of in the mid-climatic regions of the knowledge of reducing occurrence, level of severity and earth which are largely exposed to floods and droughts prolongation of drought in successive droughts and floods. Compared to should be a part of years vary greatly in arid, semiarid, other natural disasters, drought sub-humid, and humid regions of affects the highest number of people school curriculum. India (Pandey and Ramasastri, 2002). and maximum land area for months Therefore, region specific drought and years causing severe water monitoring, assessment and shortage, crop loss and mass in India are either any one or a mitigation approaches are essentially migration, in different parts of the combination of: (i) less than normal required for effective drought world (Wilhite, 2000). Several rainfall in space and time, (ii) late management. Also, delineation of drought definitions have been arrival of monsoon, (iii) prolonged areas vulnerable to drought is proposed in relevant literature by dry-spells during monsoon, and (iv) imperative to prioritise the mitigation researchers of various disciplines but early withdrawal of monsoon. More actions. This article presents authors' no single one is acceptable to all. often, the occurrence of droughts
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